3 PeopleNology General 2008

The Secret Service of Human Resource Experts $149.95 The Secret Service INTRODUCTION SERIES of Human Resource Experts PeopleNology Human Earth Laws Typical Human Behavior Heirlooms and Genes Taming The Wild Organization 7 Things God Wanted You To Know Mother Nature’s Home Sweet Home Bedrock - Boredom - Bedroom - Boardroom Copyright 2008 Intellectual Property Rights All Rights Reserved and Protected Gregory Bodenhamer Gregory Bodenhamer’s PeopleNology Social Engineering Welcome to your own Voyage of Discovery. The natural history of you and others, all the important events that made you and control you today is the absolute key to nature’s biggest mystery, the human being. The secrets of you have been written and more amazing discoveries are revealed daily. Today’s scientists and their discoveries will amaze the brightest of the human-race. The Key to Nature’s Biggest Mysteries PeopleNology PeopleNology@Hotmail.com For Continued Success Gregory Bodenhamer’s PeopleNology Theories - Principles - Techniques Nature PeopleNology@Hotmail.com You’re HARDWIRED from birth with all our predispositions and abilities. Unsophisticated when we enter life, innocent and good. All of us were born the simple savage until we learn and experience otherwise. The Key to Nature’s Biggest Mysteries You are the Secret Inside PeopleNology you’re going to discover the things that people never talk about. Expert knowledge, research, theories and explanations about things you cannot learn from common higher learning institutions. Little companies, medium and large organizations, including Fortune 100 enterprises have gotten the message. It’s about people. It’s about knowing all the hidden powerful knowledge. The Invisible Structures thats working inside and outside of your business makes the difference. Social Engineering Gregory Bodenhamer’s PeopleNology 500,000 years ago, Homo Erectus discovered how to tame and use fire. Within a cave near Beijing, China the first hard archaeological evidence revealed the truth. Erectus was almost the human, Homo Sapiens, that walk around with you and me today. To control the use of fire, starting it, perpetuating flames, applying fire and stopping it was only the beginning. Simply look around. The Key to Nature’s Biggest Mysteries This FREE STUDY GUIDE will help you get started. Follow the exciting trail of proven facts, remove what you think you know with the truth about people. Enjoy your success. Exclusive Curiosity of People The guide into ancient earth laws that govern and control every human being on earth. Thought provoking knowledge brought together for the first time in a easy to use and understand format. PeopleNology Extreme Business Energy Easily unleash all the inclinations of a human being. Quickly improve and understand any relationship up close and personal or from a distance. Easily persuade any human being to do almost anything. Secrets of the Bedrock-Bedroom-Boardroom The series of easy to understand principles, laws, formulas and human evolutionary theories that brings clarity to your life and business. Make your dreams come true, start knowing vs. guessing, start doing. Squaring Up for Business 50 Top Human Secrets Undisclosed, hush-hush knowledge about things your father didn’t know. Cloak-and-dagger things about you that your mother doesn’t want to know. Learn the ancient programming inside every human. Quickly gain the ability to persuade and influence any human being 99% of the time. Exciting - Proven - Tested SOCIAL ENGINEERING for Business, Pleasure, Friends, Family and Associates. America’s Study Guide The Magic Workshop Series included for your healthy mind ERECTUS SAPIENS Gregory Bodenhamer’s PeopleNology Social Engineering Before us came many. They were not the humans that you see today. Maybe, up to four or five other human type beings have walked the earth. Starting a fire, defeating the cold darkness, providing heat from the elements, cooking food, providing a weapon against a stronger animal, transforming raw materials into something else. Homo Erectus was the foundation of you. The Key to Nature’s Biggest Mysteries Gregory Bodenhamer’s PeopleNology Social Engineering Your mind and instincts have evolved by chance, natural mutation and the necessity or the pressure of selection. We can compete and reproduce or we would have already been condemed to extinction. Earth is inhabited by mutating species, not copies of the earliest organisms. We are of the higher animal and we have the ability, it seems, to adapt to situations and new threats. The Key to Nature’s Biggest Mysteries Gregory Bodenhamer’s PeopleNology Theories - Principles - Techniques Nurture PeopleNology@Hotmail.com You were born without any knowledge or skills. Your blank mind slate is written upon through education and your life experiences. The human stimulation is experience and education. The Key to Nature’s Biggest Mysteries Gregory Bodenhamer’s PeopleNology Theories - Principles - Techniques Behavior PeopleNology@Hotmail.com Behavior that is rewarded will occur more often while behavior that is not rewarded will become extinct. All Behavior is based on some positive or negative actions or consequences. The Key to Nature’s Biggest Mysteries Gregory Bodenhamer’s PeopleNology Social Engineering The History of the Earth and the other planets tell their own story. Five billion years ago, exploding stars, the creation, enormous clouds of gas and interstellar dust in space. This primordial cloud or nebula, 70% hydrogen and 27% helium and heavy elements like gold and lead was our beginning. From dust to life, from nothing to us, the most perfect creature. The Key to Nature’s Biggest Mysteries Gregory Bodenhamer’s PeopleNology Theories - Principles - Techniques Heredity PeopleNology@Hotmail.com Complex skills are shaped by both biological inheritance and our life experiences. Your heredity gives you the potential and your experiences determines how and how much of your potential is realized. The Key to Nature’s Biggest Mysteries Gregory Bodenhamer’s PeopleNology Social Engineering The shock wave, big bang, red-hot sphere, formation of earth crust, first forms of life, the formation of oceans and our own primordial atmosphere became real about 3.9 billion years ago. We’re not guessing anymore. We have doubts and questions, all considered nothing in complete agreement but, we’re here by Creation or Nature maybe both. 99.9% identical, all humans the same. The Key to Nature’s Biggest Mysteries Accept the idea that very intelligent human beings have been on earth a long time. All human beings have well-defined inclinations that constrain or maneuver us in every day living. These tendency characteristics make every human being on earth almost like the next one. From the ancient times found within the historical record human beings that populate the world have sense and gut feelings about everything. These tendencies are the inclinations that control most human beings. You’re going to see everything in a new light with PeopleNology. You’re going to have a new sense of wonder and discover the things that you think you already know. PeopleNology is Power that will quickly change everything in your personal and professional life for the better. PeopleNology gives you the base knowledge that is very difficult if not impossible to find in one place. One thing is for sure. Learning about PeopleNology is fun, exciting and very profitable. The things you were taught were taught by people within a culture that had a set of values and beliefs about knowledge. What you’re about to discover is what your father didn't talk about and your mother didn't know has hurt you, held you back, guided your missteps and a host of other things that you can change. Improving your ability to persuade another human being takes us deep into many recognized sciences, disciplines, proven theories litterly by the thousands. PeopleNology (PN) makes it simple to understand the Evolutionary Earth Laws that control everything about you and the person down the hall or on the other side of the world. You’re going to become a PeopleNologist if you decide by learning the things that nobody talks about and only a few ever teach. Your Leadership skills, customer services and products that you offer, motivation techniques that you use and the creation of real teamwork is at hand. PeopleNology mixed with Evolutionary Earth Laws will change you, your business success, improve relationships with friends, family and customers and it happens very quickly. Study of Humankind The word anthropology itself tells the basic story--from the Greek anthropos ("human") and logia ("study")--it is the study of humankind, from its beginnings millions of years ago to the present day. Nothing human is alien to anthropology. Indeed, of the many disciplines that study our species, Homo sapiens, only anthropology seeks to understand the whole panorama--in geographic space and evolutionary time--of human existence. Though easy to define, anthropology is difficult to describe. Its subject matter is both exotic (e.g., star lore of the Australian aborigines) and commonplace (anatomy of the foot). And its focus is both sweeping (the evolution of language) and microscopic (the use-wear of obsidian tools). Anthropologists may study ancient Mayan hieroglyphics, the music of African Pygmies, and the corporate culture of a U.S. car manufacturer. But always, the common goal links these vastly different projects: to advance knowledge of who we are, how we came to be that way--and where we may go in the future. Curiosity. In a sense, we all "do" anthropology because it is rooted in a universal human trait: curiosity. We are curious about ourselves and about other people, the living as well as the dead, here and around the globe. We ask anthropological questions: • Do all societies have marriage customs? • As a species, are human beings innately violent or peaceful? • Did the earliest humans have light or dark skins? • When did people first begin speaking a language? • How related are humans, monkeys and chimpanzees? • Is Homo sapiens's brain still evolving? Such questions are part of a folk anthropology practiced in school yards, office buildings and neighborhood cafes. But if we are all amateur anthropologists, what do the professionals study? How does the science of anthropology differ from ordinary opinion sharing and "common sense"? Comparative Method. As a discipline, anthropology begins with a simple yet powerful idea: any detail of our behavior can be understood better when it is seen against the backdrop of the full range of human behavior. This, the comparative method, attempts to explain similarities and differences among people holistically, in the context of humanity as a whole. Any detail of our behavior can best be understood when it is seen in the context provided by the full range of human behavior. Anthropology seeks to uncover principles of behavior that apply to all human communities. To an anthropologist, diversity itself--seen in body shapes and sizes, customs, clothing, speech, religion, and worldview--provides a frame of reference for understanding any single aspect of life in any given community. To illustrate, imagine having our entire lives in a world of red. Our food, our clothing, our car--even the street we live on--everything around us a different shade of red. And yet ironically, in a scarlet world, isn't it true that we will have no real grasp of the color red itself, nor even the concept of color, without being able to compare red with yellow, blue, green, and all the hues of the rainbow? Fascinates, Captivates, Attracts and almost Hypnotize any audience within your organization. PeopleNology launched an educational revolution many years ago. As the knowledge became clear so did the results of teaching this evolutionary extreme business energy that has become known as PeopleNology-EarthLaws. You or your business can purchase many of our LapTopLectures right from the comfort of your home or office. These LapTopLectures brings PeopleNology Earth Laws to full color life for your friends, family and business associates. Using PeopleNology (PN) Earth Laws (EL) through our LapTopLectures (LTL) services allows you to receive our products via PDF computer file transfers. All the equations, formulas, principles, notes and laws have been developed into fasinating tutorials, wookbooks and seminars that you can project in your own conference room. Teaching each of your executives, managers, front-line supervisors and even hourly associates about PeopleNology makes sense for the organization. LapTop Lectures PeopleNology@Hotmail.com Ancient Fossils have yielded the most dramatic evidence in the form of DNA fragments that tell the story. We’re sure where we came from, how we survived so far and we’re getting very close to learning the Milestones of the Brain and what makes us tick. Many of the most complex knowledge disciplines are explored within PeopleNology that explodes your current knowledge base and brings you to the forefront of higher thinking. PeopleNology allows you to explore these complex issues without the thousands of hours of study. Breaking down these disciplines into easy to understand, bite-size knowledge courses allows you to understand or de-mystifying what you think you already know. Everything you do has a history. You wake up each morning and get out of bed using an anatomy that allowed your ancestors to stand upright at least 4 million years ago. You go to the kitchen and eat cereal with a bowl and spoon that are part of a toolmaking tradition at least 2.5 million years old. As you munch your cereal, you page through the newspaper, which you can understand thanks to a brain capable of language, abstract thought, and prodigious memory a brain that has been expanding for 2 million years. Until a few decades ago, most of that evolutionary history was hidden from science's view. But these days hardly a month goes by without news of a significant discovery. Paleoanthropologists keep digging up new fossils of our ancestors, and some of those fossils have even yielded DNA fragments. Meanwhile, geneticists have compiled a veritable encyclopedia of evolution—the sequenced human genome and within a few years they'll be able to compare it with the genome of one of our closest living relatives, the common chimpanzee. Still, what we don't know about our evolution vastly outweighs what we do know. Age-old questions defy a full accounting, and new discoveries introduce new questions. That's not unusual for any field of science, but the eight mysteries on the following pages are intimate ones, because understanding our origins is key to understanding ourselves. Gregory Bodenhamer’s PeopleNology Social Engineering One of the all time best business books in history has never been sold. It’s been given away since 1974, free for the asking. The Key to Nature’s Biggest Mysteries Taking a trip back in time and you can discover the real human being that’s alive and well on earth today. The mind programming started about 500,000 years ago and that program is still running in every human on earth today. What’s amazing, we’ve proved it over and over. Evolutionary Perspective As a field, anthropology brings an explicit, evolutionary approach to the study of human behavior. Each of anthropology's four main subfields sociocultural, biological, archaeology, and linguistic anthropology--acknowledges that Homo has a long evolutionary history that must be studied if one is to know what it means to be a human being. Time travel would make everything so much easier. imagine that you could drop down by an African lake some 7 million years ago and watch the parade of aardvarks, antelopes, and elephants pass by until, sooner or later, you caught sight of a group of apes. They'd probably look something like chimpanzees about the same height, with the same coat of hair but their flat faces and the other odd proportions of their bodies would indicate that they belong to a different species. Perhaps they would turn your way and look you in the eye a gaze from your most distant hominid ancestors, the first primates to split off from the other apes and begin the family that produced us. Such are the daydreams paleoanthropologists indulge in as they endure blazing heat, merciless sandstorms, and years of fruitless fieldwork. If the earliest hominids were anything like chimps, bonobos, and other living apes, each species may have numbered in the hundreds of thousands, even millions. But few left fossils behind. Most of their bones were scavenged and scattered by hyenas or other animals, and what little remained rotted. When it comes to early hominids, paleoanthropologists have to make do with a few teeth or skull fragments. Yet paleoanthropologists are learning a lot about our origins. Not long ago, the oldest known hominid was Australopithecus afarensis, a species that walked the savannas of East Africa around 3.6 million years ago and is best known from one wellpreserved female skeleton found in Ethiopia in 1974 and nicknamed Lucy. Gregory Bodenhamer’s PeopleNology Social Engineering Homo Erectus, the tamer of fire, started learning things that we still use today. This 500,000 year old knowledge has been passed on to you by culture education. The Key to Nature’s Biggest Mysteries You have thousands of preconceptions that guide your every action. The struggle you feel, that feeling inside is Mother Nature pulling you and pushing you back to your core knowledge and instincts. That little voice that speaks to you is the real you fighting back against culture building. Cultural Anthropology In North America; the discipline's largest branch, cultural anthropology, applies the comparative method and evolutionary perspective to human culture. Culture represents the entire database of knowledge, values, and traditional ways of viewing the world, which have been transmitted from one generation ahead to the next - nongenetically, apart from DNA--through words, concepts, and symbols. Cultural anthropologists study humans through a descriptive lens called the ethnographic method, based on participant observation, in tandem with face-to-face interviews, normally conducted in the native tongue. Ethnographers compare what they see and hear themselves with the observations and findings of studies conducted in other societies. Originally, anthropologists pieced together a complete way of life for a culture, viewed as a whole. Today, the more likely focus is on a narrower aspect of cultural life, such as economics, politics, religion or art. Cultural anthropologists seek to understand the internal logic of another society. It helps outsiders make sense of behaviors that, like face painting or scarification, may seem bizarre or senseless. Through the comparative method an anthropologist learns to avoid "ethnocentrism," the tendency to interpret strange customs on the basis of preconceptions derived from one's own cultural background. Moreover, this same process helps us see our own society--the color "red" again--through fresh eyes. We can turn the principle around and see our everyday surroundings in a new light, with the same sense of wonder and discovery anthropologists experience when studying life in a Brazilian rain-forest tribe. Though many pictures cultural anthropologists thousands of miles from home residing in thatched huts amid wicker fences, growing numbers now study U.S. groups instead, applying anthropological perspectives to their own culture and society. Gregory Bodenhamer’s PeopleNology Social Engineering Your natural state of mind, or how you may think and feel is controled by biology and programming of your mind that has been in place for over 500,000 years. The Key to Nature’s Biggest Mysteries Linguistic Anthropology One aspect of culture holds a special fascination for most anthropologists: language--hallmark of the human species. The organization of systems of sound into language has enabled Homo sapiens to transcend the limits of Gregory Bodenhamer’s individual memory. Speech is the most efficient medium of communication since DNA for transmitting information across generations. It is upon language that culture itself depends--and within language that humanity's knowledge resides. Linguistic anthropologists, representing one of the discipline's traditional branches, look at the history, evolution, and internal structure of human languages. They study prehistoric links between different societies, and explores the use and meaning of verbal concepts with which humans communicate and reason. Linguistic anthropologists seek to explain the very nature of language itself, including hidden connections among language, brain, and behavior. Language is the hallmark of our species. It is upon language that human culture itself depends. Linguistic anthropologists, of course, are not the only ones who study historical dimensions of culture. Anthropologists recognize that, in seeking to understand today's society, they should not confine attention only to present-day groups. They also need information about what came before. But how can they trace the long-ago prehistory, reaching far back into the millennia, of societies that left no written record? PeopleNology Social Engineering Your thoughts have been implanted on your own blank mind slate. You can quickly discover how to insert thoughts in any other person you want. Easy, 1 - 2 - 3 The Key to Nature’s Biggest Mysteries Archaeology Fortunately, the human record is written not only in alphabets and books, but is preserved in other kinds of material remains in cave paintings, pictographs, discarded stone tools, earthenware vessels, religious figurines, abandoned baskets which is to say, in tattered shreds and patches of ancient societies. Archaeologists interpret this often fragmentary but fascinating record to reassemble long-ago cultures and forgotten ways of life. Archaeologists, long interested in the classical societies of Greece, Rome, and Egypt, have extended their studies in two directions--backward some 3 million years to the bones and stone tools of our protohuman ancestors, and forward to the reconstruction of lifeways and communities of 19th-century America. Regarding the latter, many archaeologists work in the growing field of cultural resource management, to help federal, state, and local governments preserve our nation's architectural, historical, and cultural heritage. Gregory Bodenhamer’s PeopleNology Social Engineering Ancient Earth Laws control the most of you and all the other human beings. When you learn about them you can influence, persuade, innovate anything you want. The Key to Nature’s Biggest Mysteries In recent years, paleoanthropologists have found perhaps as many as five species that are older than A. afarensis—in some cases much older. Just last year, Michel Brunet of the University of Poitiers, in France, and his team of explorers announced that amid the sand dunes of the Sahara they had found a species between 6 million and 7 million years old: Sahelanthropus chadensis. Gregory Bodenhamer’s These new fossils have thrown cherished orthodoxies into question. "We saw human evolution as a nice, straight line," says Leslie Aiello of University College London. Now some researchers are arguing that human evolution looked more like a bush, with lots of species branching off in different directions. No new orthodoxy has gained enough strength yet to take over the old one. Instead, there's lots of debate. Some paleoanthropologists, for example, have declared Sahelanthropus to be on the line that led to gorillas, not humans. "That's crazy," replies Brunet, who points to small teeth and other key traits that link the creature with hominids rather than apes. But while Brunet is confident he has discovered the oldest known hominid, he doesn't think it's possible yet to make grand pronouncements about the shape of the hominid tree and its various branches. "You can't say that it's bushy," he says. "Maybe it is; we don't know. Our story has just doubled in time, and we're just beginning to understand it." PeopleNology Social Engineering The first flowers, dinosaurs, birds, and the triumph of mammals tell a story. In order to survive desolate environments, predators of all sizes, ecological problems, constant daily extinction pressures we’ve had to change or mutate biologically to survive. These instincts of change are inside you right now. We’ve colonized our environment through our human instincts and acquired knowledge. The Key to Nature’s Biggest Mysteries For millions of years, the earliest hominids were a lot like other apes. They were short, had tiny brains compared with modern humans, and could not speak or fashion a spear. But there was a profound difference that set them apart: They could stand up and walk. Bipedalism was the first great transformation of our ancestors, coming long before the evolution of all the other things that make us uniquely human. The answer to the question of how our ancestors evolved into bipeds seemed pretty clear for decades. "The long-standing idea was that we became bipedal because we moved out of the forest and onto the savanna, either because we had to look over tall grass or get to isolated stands of trees," says Craig Stanford, a primatologist at the University of Southern California's Jane Goodall Research Center. Gregory Bodenhamer’s PeopleNology Social Engineering Between 16 and 22 million years ago lived the last ancestor common to both humans and large higher apes such as chimpanzees called Proconsul Africanus. In 1948 we discovered its remains in Africa, on an island in the middle of Lake Victoria. Something like gorillas and orangutans, something like me and you. It got a lot more interesting in 1974 while we were running around Ethiopa. The Key to Nature’s Biggest Mysteries Evolution Human evolution is the lengthy process of change by which people originated from apelike ancestors. Scientific evidence shows that the physical and behavioral traits shared by all people originated from apelike ancestors and evolved over a period of at least 5 million years. One of the earliest defining human traits, bipedalism -- the ability to walk on two legs -- evolved over 4 million years ago. But in recent years new evidence has thrown that scenario into doubt. "The time-honored idea that a weakling hominid left the safety of the forest for the dangerous savanna and had to live by its wits and stood upright is a nice story, but it's probably fiction," says Stanford. As researchers have looked closer at the older hominid sites, many have concluded that the areas were not savannas at all but a variety of lightly to densely wooded landscapes. Hominids may not have lived in savannas until 2 million to 2.5 million years ago—2.5 million to 3 million years after the earliest known hominids walked on two legs. Gregory Bodenhamer’s PeopleNology Social Engineering In western Africa, between 2.8 and 3.7 million years ago, lived Australopithecus Afarensis our most well-known primitive hominids. The skeleton, dating back 3.2 million years ago is named Lucy. She walked in an erect position and together with similar creatures, is often called biped chimpanzee. Before me and you numerous specis of hominid developed, coexisted, competed and declines. The Key to Nature’s Biggest Mysteries Now scientists are trying to figure out what evolutionary pressure led hominids to become bipedal in the forest. To answer that question, they have to figure out what upright walking evolved from. Fossils offer some clues, but opinion is divided over what the clues mean. Some paleoanthropologists studying Lucy's skeleton say she walked much as we do, for example, while others say she moved awkwardly on the ground and spent a lot of time in trees. Paleoanthropologists can say even less about the oldest hominids, because they've found hardly anything below the skull. Unstoppable Earth Laws What is total objectivity in the assessment of which method works best, which person is worth keeping, who must be removed? The mechanization of work and the elimination of the human being within the process seems to be the best method. The human element needs so much and the machine needs so little. Rigorous measurement of the machine is simple 2 + 2 = 4 thinking, the human-being is a different story. The practice and principles of PeopleNology allows you to travel a new management map. The books on process controls and how to read control charts fill the books stores and boardrooms. When you use the discrete and identifiable activities known as PeopleNology Principles you’re going to change your company from the inside out. Gregory Bodenhamer’s PeopleNology Social Engineering Homo Sapiens, you, the only living genus representative on earth for the last 35,000 years. We’re not at the top of the evolutionary tree of hominids, merely the only small branch that is still alive. Many scientists agree our big advantage was our invention of language. We could teach each generation what we discovered that gave us distinct advantages The Key to Nature’s Biggest Mysteries Other important human characteristics -- such as a large and complex brain, the ability to make and use tools, and the capacity for language -- developed more recently. Many advanced traits -- including complex symbolic expression, art, and elaborate cultural diversity -- emerged mainly during the past 100,000 years. Humans are primates. Physical and genetic similarities show that the modern human species, Homo sapiens, has a very close relationship to another group of primate species, the apes. Gregory Bodenhamer’s In our mass-production world of machines and computers the new management map on people was once rejected, reviled and yet alternately practiced by a few leading edge companies. The new-ancient knowledge known as PeopleNology Earth Laws has been discovered and rediscovered again within many organizations. You will find PeopleNology undeniably significant today and the next while you build the most fantastic people company you could ever hope for in the future. Imagine the contribution of all your people. Their hearts and mind connected joined with your own new ability to influence their moods, efforts, activities and their ending results. PeopleNology has attempted over the last thirty years to identify the individual traits, habits and inclinations of the human being. It seems after all these years, we’re the instant success. PeopleNology Social Engineering The accepted accredited theory, our ancestors were born in Africa and then spread from there throughout the world. Migration was caused by need of a food supply, dramatic climate changes and a host of other adventures as our prehistoric hunting communities just tried to survive the day. About 100,000 years ago, starting with the Middle East, Homo Sapiens started the colonization of the planet. The Key to Nature’s Biggest Mysteries The well used and old fashioned scientific management that you use today founded before your grandparents were born has imposed it discipline and binding and attitudes for most of the 20th century. The unstoppable assembly line, scientific, control charting, stop watch and clip board approach to management has fundamental flaws and should be divorced from your organization. As you try to determine and examine every single task of a project or a task, draw time lines and fish-bone charts, struggle to understand why things go from good to bad, other companies are leaving you behind in the dust. Humans first evolved in Africa, and much of human evolution occurred on that continent. The fossils of early humans who lived between 2 and 5 million years ago come entirely from Africa. Most scientists currently recognize some 10 to 15 different species of early humans. Scientists do not all agree, however, about how these species are related or which ones simply died out. Many early human species -- certainly the majority of them -- left no living descendants. Scientists also debate over how to identify and classify particular species of early humans, and about what factors influenced the evolution and extinction of each species. Early humans first migrated out of Africa into Asia probably between 1.6 million and 2 million years ago. The management style your father taught you is dehumanizing. Who really thought you could take the human out of business? The reliance you need can be found in gears and drives, lifts and conveyors, mixers and lathes but scientific management has dehumanized Gregory Bodenhamer’s your company. Experts from around the world analyze as they should every piece of work, every process, every way of doing each piece of work. They struggle to find the exact knowledge to build it faster, better and cheaper. The science removes the opinion and proves the method that works the best. PeopleNology Social Engineering Managers look for the least effort and the quickest time. Why not? If we can make more for less we earn more profits. The exact facts developed will develop the laws you need to operate the factory, build the car, plant the corn, move the satellites and a million other things. Scientific facts will constitute a series of laws that will govern your business. These scientific laws really control your company, the capital investments, inventory, expansion, contraction, human resources etc. These scientific facts control your people, their income, their future, ideas, dreams, aspirations and daily personal acts of being late to work, not showing up on Monday or a Friday, claiming the work-place injury, lower long-term productivity rates, high people turnover, union building, poor product and service quality. We’re going to change how you look at Key Result Areas. Australopithecine apes walked on their rear legs without leaning on their knuckles, leaving their hands free to transport objects, to use tools, (sticks and stones) and to clean carcasses left by lions and other predators. About 2.5 million years ago, a group of Australopithecus Africanus gave rise to a human that was more similar to us than to a chimpanzee, Homo habilis. The Key to Nature’s Biggest Mysteries For instance, people first came to Australia probably within the past 60,000 years and to the Americas within the past 30,000 years or so. The beginnings of agriculture and the rise of the first civilizations occurred within the past 10,000 years. Paleoanthropology is the scientific study of human evolution. Paleoanthropology is a subfield of accredited anthropology, the study of human culture, society, and biology. The field involves an understanding of the similarities and differences between humans and other species in their genes, body form, physiology, and behavior. PeopleNology seeks to discover how natural evolution has shaped the potentials, human tendencies, and the known human limitations of all people These scientific laws control the majority of everything inside your business and drives the individual opinions of your people that you never hear about you just see the results. I don’t have to tighten the bolt, put the pen in the box, stop using too much shrink-wrap, drive to fast, work safely, smile and wave. The scientific system that you used yesterday and plan on using today leaves little if any room for the human being. They’re getting even. You have left no room for imagination or initiative. People are just labor, make them go faster and longer and gain better returns. Gregory Bodenhamer’s PeopleNology Social Engineering Homo habilis, the first hominid to make stone chopping tools. Homo erectus dates to 1.5 million years ago learned how to light fires and build shelters. After Homo erectus came Homo sapiens, who most likely managed to establish our species by successfully and completely competing with the other hominid groups which dominated Europe until about 35,000 years ago. The Key to Nature’s Biggest Mysteries Early human fossils and archeological remains offer the most important clues about this ancient past. These remains include bones, tools and any other evidence (such as footprints or butchery marks on animal bones) left by earlier people. Usually, the remains were buried and preserved naturally. They are then found either on the surface (exposed by rain, rivers, and wind erosion) or by digging in the ground. By studying fossilized bones, scientists learn about the physical appearance of earlier humans and how it changed. Bone size, shape, and markings left by muscles tell us how those predecessors moved around, held tools, and how the size of their brains changed over a long time. Evolution The process of evolution involves a series of natural changes that cause species (populations of different organisms) to arise, adapt to the environment, and become extinct. All species or organisms have originated through the process of biological evolution Culture is a perennial problem in change projects and needs to be carefully understood, especially if there is any expectation or desire to change the culture as a part of the project. Culture includes common values, attitudes and consequent behaviors. It directs how people make decisions and how they react to change. It can also vary within an organization, for example a 'leading edge' attitude may be found in research departments and 'customer first' value in service areas. There are many areas of preferences that people have that shape cultures. There are, within these, a few which are of particular influence around change. There are many reasons learn and use Peoplenology; Motivation: The overall subject of what drives us. Processing: The thinking that leads to action. Behaviors: That result from our decisions. Culture: How we socially act together. Learning Theory: How we get to make sense. Personality: What makes us who we are. Power: Our capability to act. Where we get it and how we use it. Social Research: philosophers, philosophies and the search for meaning. Stress: What winds us up. In animals that reproduce sexually, including humans, the term species refers to a group whose adult members regularly interbreed, resulting in fertile offspring -- that is, offspring themselves capable of reproducing. Scientists classify each species unique, two-part scientific name. with a In this system, modern humans are classified as Homo sapiens. Evolution occurs when there is change in the genes (the chemical molecule, DNA) inherited from the parents and especially in the proportions of different genes in a population. The information contained in genes can change by a process known as mutation. The way particular genes are expressed – that is, how they influence the body or behavior of an organism -- can also change. Genes affect how the body and behavior of an organism develop during its life, and this is why genetically inherited characteristics can influence the likelihood of an organism’s survival and reproduction. Gregory Bodenhamer’s PeopleNology Social Engineering Evolution does not change any single individual. Instead, it changes the inherited means of growth and development that typify a population (a group of individuals of the same species living in a particular habitat). We (Homo Sapiens) spread across the entire world mainly during the last of the five ice ages that we know about. The human you survived the severe climatic conditions that affected the planet until about 10,000 years ago thanks to our unique and exclusive capacity to pass knowledge on and other cultural adaptations. Reading, Writing and Arithmetic are powerful tools. The Key to Nature’s Biggest Mysteries The best clues to our upright origins may come from living apes, although no one knows for sure how much chimpanzees have evolved from the last common ancestor they shared with us. Some primatologists are conducting lab studies of how modern apes knuckle-walk and clamber through trees to see which movements are most like human walking. Other researchers, like Craig Stanford, watch apes in the wild. "Chimpanzees may stand upright on a big limb of a fig tree and pluck figs just overhead," Stanford says. "And when they're on the ground, they'll stand up to pull down branches." He backs a hypothesis originally devised by Kevin Hunt of Indiana University: The earliest hominids may have become specialists in getting food by standing up for short spells, both in the trees or on the ground. It may not seem as heroic as striding out into the savanna, but then again, many great chapters in the book of evolution have been built from such modest changes. Gregory Bodenhamer’s PeopleNology Social Engineering Parents pass adaptive genetic changes to their offspring, and ultimately these changes become common throughout a population. As a result, the offspring inherit those genetic characteristics that enhance their chances of survival and ability to give birth, which may work well until the environment changes. The Key to Nature’s Biggest Mysteries Instant Seminars for Your Business Success Lap-Top-Lectures Ready for Projection in Full Living Color Our brains are not just big—they're grotesquely huge. A typical mammal our size would have a brain one-seventh as large as ours. And big brains are relatively new for hominids. From 7 million to 2 million years ago, our ancestors had brains about the size of a modern chimpanzee's. Hominid brains only began to increase 2 million years ago, and they continued to balloon, in fits and starts, until they neared their present size at least 160,000 years ago. When it comes to explaining this explosion in brain size, scientists agree on one thing: It must have offered a powerful evolutionary advantage. "It costs you an awful lot in terms of energy," says Aiello. "You don't evolve large and expensive organs unless there's a reason." Gregory Bodenhamer’s PeopleNology Social Engineering Over time, genetic change can alter a species' overall way of life, such as what it eats, how it grows, and where it can live. Human evolution took place as new genetic variations in early ancestor populations favored our new human abilities to adapt to environmental change and so altered the human way of life. The Key to Nature’s Biggest Mysteries Primates Human beings belong to the mammalian group known as Primates -- the scientific category that contains over 230 species of lemurs, lorises, tarsiers, monkeys of the Old and New World, and apes. Modern humans, early humans, and other primate species all share many similarities and have some important differences. Knowledge of these similarities and differences helps scientists to understand the roots of many human traits and the significance of each development in human evolution. All primates, including humans, share at least part of a set of common characteristics that distinguish them from other mammals Many of these characteristics evolved as adaptations for life in the trees, an environment in which the earliest primates evolved. These characteristics include more reliance on sight than smell; overlapping fields of vision, allowing stereoscopic (threedimensional) sight; limbs and hands adapted for clinging on, leaping from and swinging in the trees; the ability to grasp and manipulate small objects (using fingers with nails instead of claws); large brains in relation to body size; and complex social lives. But paleoanthropologists are divided about that reason. One possibility is that bigger brains gave hominids extra information-processing power they could use to make better tools. After all, stone tools unlocked new supplies of food, and so better tool users could support more offspring. Another possibility is that the driving force was hominid social life. Primates living in big groups tend to have bigger brains, possibly because there's an evolutionary advantage to keeping track of other members of your group. And certainly the human brain has evolved into an awesome social computer, able to draw subtle clues about other people's thoughts from their faces in a fraction of a s e c o n d . On the other hand, big brains may have prompted humans to become more social. For one thing, big brains made children helpless. Hominid kids, then as now, needed years to develop large brains, during which time they depended on adults for high-energy foods. It's possible that the basic shape of the human family as a group of parents, siblings, and grandparents formed to feed the brains of their children. It is hard to imagine life without tools, finding food with our bare hands, eating it raw with our teeth, seeking a cave or a tree for shelter. In fact, our reliance on tools is reflected in our brains and bodies. The areas of our brains responsible for things like controlling our hands are enlarged compared with other primates. Our hands themselves are different, with proportionately longer thumbs and other anatomic changes that allow us to touch our fingertips and hold tools with more skill. The dawn of tool use was a crucial turning point in human history: It let our ancestors take control of their lives by finding food in places that were off-limits to their ancestors. Gregory Bodenhamer’s PeopleNology Social Engineering But genetic evidence, which shows chimps and humans to be more closely related genetically (and evolutionarily) to each other than to any other ape, supports placing all of the great apes and humans together in the family Hominidae. The Key to Nature’s Biggest Mysteries Humans as Primates About 98 percent of the genes in people and chimpanzees are identical, making chimps the closest living biological relatives of humans. This does not mean that humans evolved from chimpanzees, but it does indicate that both species evolved from a common ape ancestor. Orangutans, the great apes of Southeast Asia, differ genetically from humans to a greater extent, indicating a more distant evolutionary relationship. Modern humans have a number of physical characteristics indicative of an ape ancestry But scientists still have hardly any clues to how that evolutionary transition took place. The most reliable record of our technological history comes from the tools themselves. The oldest known hominid tools date back 2.5 million years, to a collection of chipped rocks in Ethiopia. They don't look like much, but with them hominids could butcher an elephant or crack open a wildebeest's bones and suck out the marrow. Mentally, they're also a big accomplishment: They require a brain capable of looking at an untouched rock and seeing a tool hiding within it. In recent years, however, some hints have emerged that human technology may have roots reaching back millions of years further into the past. Gregory Bodenhamer’s PeopleNology Social Engineering For one thing, chimpanzees and other apes have proved surprisingly gifted at making tools. In order to walk across thorn-covered ground, chimpanzees can fashion sandals out of leaves. In order to eat termites, they can strip sticks to create fishing tools. Unfortunately, a leaf-sandal doesn't leave a fossil. But some researchers believe that the hands of hominids may shed some light on the mystery of tools. For example, Lucy and her A. afarensis fellows lived a million years before the oldest tools. Despite having curved, chimplike fingers, this hominid also had an elongated thumb that could make contact with its fingertips. For instance, chimps form life long-lasting attachments with each other; participate in social bonding activities, such as grooming, feeding, and hunting; and form strategic coalitions with each other in order to increase their status and power. Early humans also probably had this kind of elaborate social life. The Key to Nature’s Biggest Mysteries For example, as intelligent as apes are, people's brains are much larger and more complex, and people have a unique intellectual capacity and elaborate forms of culture and communication. In addition, only people habitually walk upright, can precisely manipulate very small objects, and have a throat structure that makes speech possible. Some scientists think that a period of environmental cooling and drying in Africa set the stage for the evolution of Homo. According to this idea, many types of animals suited to the challenges of a drier environment originated between about 2.8 million and 2.4 million years ago, and these included the first species of Homo "There's nothing to say that these creatures couldn't make crude stone tools," says Bernard Wood of George Washington University. It's possible that hominids had already become skilled with wood and other materials 3.5 million years ago, paving the way to mental breakthroughs for making stone tools. As intriguing as this hypothesis may be, however, many researchers think there's not enough evidence to say anything definitive about the evolution of tool use. Tim White, a paleoanthropologist at the University of California at Berkeley, says any speculations "would be strictly X - F i l e s . " Walking upright, growing a big brain, and even making tools are not enough to make an ape truly human. Consider Homo ergaster, a species that lived in Africa between 1.7 million and 600,000 years ago and probably gave rise to our own species. medium-size brain, and could survive even in arid grasslands thanks to an impressive kit of stone axes and other tools. Despite all that, this species' brain didn't work like ours. For hundreds of thousands of years, Gregory Bodenhamer’s PeopleNology Theories - Principles - Techniques H. ergaster stood up to six feet tall, had a Smarter PeopleNology@Hotmail.com H. ergaster was content to use the same set of tools, with few modifications. Putting a stone axe on the end of a stick to make a spear would have allowed these hominids to become much better hunters, and yet this simple idea apparently never occurred to them. Such an idea seems simple only to our modern minds, which can see new possibilities in the world, discover hidden connections, and think and communicate with symbols. Scientists don't yet know how that modern mind came into existence. The question is particularly hard to answer because they can't get into the brain of H. ergaster or any of our other ancestors. Instead, they have to infer what those ancient minds were like by looking at the things they made. The people who painted pictures of mammoths and woolly rhinos in French caves almost 32,000 years ago must have already had minds much like our own. Archaeologists have documented an explosion of expressions of the modern mind after roughly 50,000 years ago, in the form of jewelry, elaborate graves, bone-tipped spears, and other new kinds of tools. The bones of the people who made these things look like our own. They were members of Homo sapiens, complete with long, slender arms and legs, a flat face, a jutting chin, and a high forehead that fronted a big brain. But they were hardly the first people with our anatomy. H. sapiens fossils have been found in Africa from at least 160,000 years ago, and some experts argue that the earliest members of our species may have existed over 200,000 years ago. Some people are smarter. I.Q differences are more likely due to environments. Differences in genes might might have more influences the more we learn in the future. We’re all born very intelligent. The Key to Nature’s Biggest Mysteries Gregory Bodenhamer’s PeopleNology Theories - Principles - Techniques Heritability Richard Klein, a paleoanthropologist at Stanford University, has offered a controversial theory: The modern mind is the result of a rapid genetic change. He puts the date of the change at around 50,000 years ago, pointing out that the rise of cultural artifacts comes after that date, as does the spread of modern humans from Africa. The evolution of the modern mind allowed humans to thrive as never before, Klein argues, and soon even a continent as huge as Africa could not contain their expanding popul a t i o n . PeopleNology@Hotmail.com Identical twins have identical genes. They are the only human beings that truly have the same genertic nature. Twins have similar I.Q. scores. There is no relationship between brains and success. The Key to Nature’s Biggest Mysteries Many other paleoanthropologists beg to differ. Sally McBrearty, an archaeologist at the University of Connecticut, believes the evidence shows that the technology and artistic expression of modern humans emerged slowly over hundreds of thou- Gregory Bodenhamer’s PeopleNology Theories - Principles - Techniques sands of years, as humans gradually moved into new habitats and increased their populaPeopleNology@Hotmail.com Relatives tion. She points to a long list of tantalizing clues in Africa that predate Klein's 50,000-year milestone. Humans may have been grinding pigments 250,000 years ago, for example, and researchers have found barbed bone fishing hooks in Central Africa that they estimate are 90,000 years old. Last year scientists in South Africa discovered stones covered with geometrical cross-hatching dating back 77,000 years. Klein dismisses the evidence for such slow-fuse change as paltry and misleading. "It's a little bit here, it's a little bit there. Most sites don't have anything like this at all, but when you get to 50,000 years ago, they all do. Then you get real art—not stuff you can argue about whether it shows some form of symbolism—and elaborate graves and houses and the rest of it." A resolution to this debate may be waiting in Africa, at archaeological sites scattered across the continent. "We know what we'd like to find and where we ought to look for it," says McBrearty. "But are we going to have the money and the perseverance to mount the assault and come up with the goods?" Your 100% related to your parents, 50% to mom and dad. You’re 50% related to your brother/sister, 25% related to grandparents,12.5% half-siblings and first cousins and 6.25% to second cousins. The Key to Nature’s Biggest Mysteries Humans today are driving other species toward extinction at a disturbing pace—a quarter of all mammal species, for example, are officially listed as threatened. But the evidence from fossils suggests that this wave of extinctions has been rising for thousands of years. And there's a grim irony in the possibility that two of the first species to fall victim to us may have been our closest relatives. Studies on human mitochondrial DNA indicate that all humans alive today can trace their ancestry back to members of Homo sapiens who lived in Africa roughly 150,000 years ago. At the time, there were two other hominid species. Members of Homo neanderthalensis (Neanderthals), who lived in Europe, have a reputation as lumbering brutes, but they had brains as big as or bigger than those of humans and awesome hunting skills that helped them survive cyclic ice ages for half a million years or more. In Asia, Homo erectus survived for about 1.5 million years. And yet not long after H. sapiens spread from Africa, both of these species vanished. Our close kinship with these hominids makes their disappearance all the more puzzling. "It's very difficult to get your head around the idea that there could be another species so closely related to us, but isn't us," says McBrearty.. Our favorite Mother Earth has just about killed everything that has ever lived on the surface of the planet. It wasn't very long ago, geologically speaking, when our ancestors came face to face with these other species, and yet scientists still know little about the encounter. About H. erectus, all they can say is that the youngest H. erectus fossils, Indonesian skulls from perhaps 50,000 years ago, come from a time when our own species had already settled in Asia and moved on to Australia. "We don't know what the hell is going on there," says Klein. "We need more fossils with good dates. It'll come—within a decade we'll know something more about this." Neanderthals left behind more hints, although the picture is still far from clear. Scientists have isolated six fragments of Neanderthal DNA and have concluded that the Neanderthal did not interbreed much—if at all—with H. sapiens. Neanderthals appear to have clung to existence for 15,000 years after encountering our own species in Europe. But over time they became rarer and rarer, until they could be found only in isolated mountain valleys. And then they could be found nowhere at all. Over the years, scientists have tried to explain the disappearance of Neanderthals and H. erectus with everything from warfare to exotic viruses that their H. sapiens relatives brought with them from Africa. But the cause of their demise could have been far more subtle. Even if our species had just a slight evolutionary edge over the other hominids, the effect could have been devastating, given enough time. It's possible, for example, that humans benefited from long-distance trade and better tools, allowing them to withstand droughts, ice ages, and other hard times better than their competitors. Our ancestors may have had just a few more children in each generation, and gradually they took over the best places for hunting and living. After a few hundred generations, they unwittingly squeezed their cousins out of existence. "It may have been something as simple as modern humans having better clothing," says Leslie A i e l l o . Bodenhamer’s PeopleNology The Art of Persuasion - Influence - Behaviors - Consequences Social Engineering for Better Companies PeopleNology During human reproduction, when the sperm and egg unite a new cell is created called the ZYGOTE. This cell contains the full human ingredients of 23 paired chromosomes, with one member of each pair coming from each of Social Engineering our parents. for Better Companies & People In other words, you are a ZYGOTE, because this new cell becomes you. The fact that genes come in pairs helps geneticists calculate the amount of genes you share with another human. The difference between the actual amount of genetic material you share and the way you look is the difference in your genotype and your phenotype. Genotype refers to your entire set of genes you inherit, biological potential. Phenotype are the observable properties of your body and behavioral traits. The Key to Nature’s Biggest Mysteries PeopleNology@Hotmail.com In April 2003, geneticists finished sequencing the human genome, and now they're well on their way to decoding the genome of one of our closest relatives, the common chimpanzee. The sight of these two sequences placed side by side is astonishing. For thousands of positions at a stretch, their codes are identical. Recently Morris Goodman, a biologist at the Wayne State University School of Medicine, and his colleagues analyzed the portions of DNA that are responsible for the structure of proteins. In this crucial part of the genome, humans and chimps were 99.4 percent identical. In other words, much of what makes us uniquely human may be found in just .6 percent of our genome. Bodenhamer’s PeopleNology The Art of Persuasion - Influence - Behaviors - Consequences Social Engineering for Better Companies PeopleNology Genotype Phenotype Recessive Social Engineering for Better Companies & People That tiny fraction will be the focus of a huge amount of research in years to come. "There will be a gold mine of information," predicts Sean Carroll, a geneticist at the University The Key to Nature’s Biggest Mysteries PeopleNology@Hotmail.com of Wisconsin and an investigator with the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. As the differences between humans and chimps come to light, for instance, medicine will be revolutionized. Scientists hope to find the genetic differences that explain why chimpanzees don't get AIDS, Alzheimer's, and other diseases that plague humans. Scientists will also be searching the two genomes for clues to how and why humans evolved traits that distinguish us from chimpanzees, including a bipedal body, a big brain, and language. A taste of things to come is the recent study of a gene called FOXP2. Your Genotype is predetermined. You get 50% from each of your parents. Your Phenotype is the result of battle between your genes. The most dominate gene will win the battle. Who do you look like, you mother or father or even a grandparent? A Recessive gene will only show up if both parents have it. At times we have evidence of Recessive genes, browneyed parents have a gene for blue eyes lurking the in background and have a blue-eyed child. Every once in a while a Zygote with a recessive gene produces offsprings with disorders. People who inherit mutant forms of FOXP2 have trouble speaking and understanding grammar. Scientists have reconstructed the evolutionary history of the gene by comparing the subtle variations in FOXP2 that different people carry. The researchers found that in the past 200,000 years, the gene underwent an intense burst of evolutionary selection. It's possible that changes to this gene may have helped prompt the transformation of simple apelike grunts into Bodenhamer’s PeopleNology The Art of Persuasion - Influence - Behaviors - Consequences language giving us the ability to speak in comSocial Engineering for Better Companies PeopleNology mon languages that are used around the world. But it would be a mistake to think that any single gene will tell us much about human nature, or even just the ability to talk. "We're just not going to have two or three speech genes and that's the end of the story," says Carroll. "It's going to be much more subtle than that." The early evidence already suggests that perhaps several thousand human genes have undergone intense natural selection since our ancestors split with the chimp lineage. And those genes can only build a modern human being by cooperating with one another rather than working alone. Social Engineering for Better Companies & People Your genes do not cause your behavior even though you have instincts or evolutionary behaviors built in. A very smart child can learn how to be a bank robber from friends on a street corner. The genes don’t make you rob a bank, your decisions, life education, experiences and your emotional control made the move. Gene influence on behavior is indirect, you blink, feel hunger, get mad, want to run, want to fight, duck and cover that is your built in biological functions for survival, maintaining energy, organizing brain functions etc. Robbing a bank, dropping out of school, not showing up for work, drinking too much, displaying violent behavior is your decision. Living under extreme stress can further develop your instincts to stimulate aggression. The Key to Nature’s Biggest Mysteries PeopleNology@Hotmail.com This comes as no surprise to scientists who have studied the evolution of other animals. "We look for simple answers, but we almost always find a mess," says Carroll. It has been an amazing run: Over 7 million years our lineage has evolved from diminutive apes to the planet's dominant species. We've evolved brains that are capable of things never achieved on our planet, and perhaps in the universe. Why shouldn't we continue evolving more powerful brains? It's easy to think that we'll just keep marching ahead, that in another million years we'll have gigantic brains like out of some episode of Star Bodenhamer’s PeopleNology The Art of Persuasion - Influence - Behaviors - Consequences Social Engineering for Better Companies Mother Nature, Biological Selection, has bred us to be better at things that makes us stronger, smarter, safer and to thrive and survive in our environment. We have natural and certain behavioral mechanisms that have evolved. We have a capacity for language, ability to learn something new, remember things and solve problems. Your dog or cat cannot read these words but you can. People seem to know if they’re shorter than another human. We notice some other person that is heavier or lighter in weight. We take note of nice automobiles, homes, furniture, clothing, college prices, flat tires, falling leaves and millions of other things. You can even learn how to bake cookies from another human being. This is culture knowledge, one person to another. PeopleNology Trek. But scientists can't say where we're headed. It's even possible that we've reached an evolutionary dead end. Consider the fact that the human brain hasn't expanded all that much in at least 160,000 years. You might think that if bigger brains meant more intelligence, natural selection would still be inflating them today. But big brains have their drawbacks. Like an expanding computer network, a growing brain needs more and more wiring to connect its processors together. Social Engineering for Better Companies & People The Key to Nature’s Biggest Mysteries PeopleNology@Hotmail.com The human brain may be reaching the edge of this computational limit. Big brains also make a lot of demands on the human body—particularly the bodies of pregnant women. A woman's birth out. But there's a too wide, women it impossible canal has to be wide enough for a big-brained baby to get limit to how wide the female pelvis can become: If it became would struggle to walk upright. That constraint may make for the human brain to get any bigger. The only way to know the answer to this particular question, however, may be to wait for the future to become the past. "One of the reasons why people are fascinated with human evolution is because it's about where we came from and where we're going," says Aiello. "But we don't know where we're going. It's too much of a lottery." The human hand is dramatically different from that of the chimpanzee, our closest living relative. Over the past 7 million years, both the fingers and the palms of our hominid ancestors became shorter, and their thumbs became more flexible. These changes, along with the greatly expanded motor and sensory capacity in our brains, allow us to use a wide range of power, precision, and hook grips and hence an infinite variety of tools. But the story of hand evolution is still a murky one. Despite the difference in the way its hands are shaped, a chimp has considerable dexterity. It can flex or fold its fingers in a hook position or grasp small objects between its thumb and the side of its index finger. And fossils of hominid hands from 3.5 million years ago look chimplike in some ways and humanlike in others, making it unclear just how nimble their fingers were. Bodenhamer’s PeopleNology The Art of Persuasion - Influence - Behaviors - Consequences Social Engineering for Better Companies Evolutionary psychologists are interested in species - specific and typical behaviors that are so common among the members that those same behaviors can be used as the identifying characteristics. Human beings walk on two legs. Dogs walk on four legs. Very specific differences in terms of behaviors, purposes, functions, survival and propagation. What makes you different are your human emotions. PeopleNology All Human Beings have the same, identical, exacting, emotional feelings. The Key to Nature’s Biggest Mysteries PeopleNology@Hotmail.com Biological Anthropology But human history begins in a different place further back in time. It starts at least 4 million years ago, when a population of apelike creatures from eastern Africa turned onto a unique evolutionary road. Thus, the anthropologist's comparative perspective must be expanded to include more than prehistoric human societies, for behavior has primate roots as well. To fully understand humankind we must learn more about its place in the natural habitat of living things. Biological (or physical) anthropology looks at Homo sapiens as a genus and species, tracing their biological origins, evolutionary development, and genetic diversity. Biological anthropologists study the biocultural prehistory of Homo to understand human nature and, ultiBodenhamer’s PeopleNology How to Understand & Help all Human Beings mately, the evolution of the brain and nervous Typical Human Evolutionary EMOTIONS PeopleNology system itself. These, then, are the four main branches that make anthropology whole: cultural, linguistic, archaeology, and biological anthropology. Anthropology asks a most difficult and most important question: What does it mean to be human? While the question may never be fully answered, the study of anthropology--what the noted anthropologist Loren Eiseley has called the "immense journey"-has attracted some of the world's greatest thinkers, whose discoveries forever changed our understanding of ourselves. The Gods Wanted you to know these 7 things . Guaranteed The Key to Nature’s Biggest Mysteries PeopleNology@Hotmail.com Cultural Programming, the things your Father and Mother tried to teach you cannot overcome the Dramatic Evolutionary programming running inside your brain at this very moment. Take a moment and order this powerful series that will reveal to you many real life solutions to your business problems. Order PeopleTopia Surprise Fear Disgust Anger Happiness Contempt Sadness The need for: Beauty Needs > Beauty Emotional appeal | Aesthetic vs. functional needs | Different strokes | Scarcity excites | So what? Beauty is a curious need, especially viewed in evolutionary terms. Physical attractiveness is understandable as a standard by which mates may be chosen, but the value of art or music for the survival of the species is not that clear. Bodenhamer’s PeopleNology How to Understand & Help all Human Beings Emotional appeal No matter why it works, Typical Human Evolutionary EMOTIONS PeopleNology but beauty works directly on the emotions. If we like a person, a house, a painting or a pop song, we do not logically decompose it--we just like it. Aesthetics connects directly with our emotions, which makes it a subtle factors in the domain of persuasion. Aesthetic vs. functional needs The engineering discipline of Value Analysis recognizes two types of need when designing or improving something. Functional needs are to do with what the device does and how well it does it. For example, a car has functions of transporting people, displaying speed, and so on. Aesthetic needs are about how appealing the car is, from overall shape to the color of the speedometer needle. Engineers will thus reduce aesthetics to very The Key to Nature’s Biggest Mysteries PeopleNology@Hotmail.com precise terms, discovering the angles, colors, textures and so on that are most appealing to their customers. This can be a long process, but the rewards can be significant. People will pay a significant premium for something which is attractive rather than plainly functional. Different strokes Beauty is in the eye of the beholder, and although there are some fairly common view of what a beautiful person looks like, there are also some very individual perceptions, as you can easily see by looking at the couples walking down any street. Beauty also changes across cultures. In some countries, especially where food is scarce, a fat person is considered particularly attractive. Scarcity excites When a woman covers up a part of her body, men will find it very attractive. For example in Victorian England, women covered up their ankles, and the sight of a bare lower leg was enough to make a man break out in a sweat (in fact they even put skirts on their chairs to cover up the chair legs to save some embarrassing moments). These days, the sight of a t-shirt-wearing Western woman in some Eastern countries will similarly heat up the local male populace. Not only does the scarcity principle make me want something, it will also make it more aesthetically attractive. Fleeting glimpses can seem wonderfully beautiful, where a long-hard stare might cool anyone's ardor. Surprise - Fear - Disgust - Anger - Happiness - Contempt - Sadness and a host of instincts you can learn about. The Gods Wanted you to know these 7 things. Guaranteed. Explanations > Needs > Belonging The deep need to belong| The limits to belonging | So what? The deep need to belong The evolutionary driver Some species live largely alone, whilst others have learned that if you form a tribe, you can share out the work and hence live more safely. Homo sapiens, of course, is one of the latter, tribal species. Living in the tribe does have its cost, however, as you have to abide by shared rules and cannot just do whatever you wish. Evolution Bodenhamer’s PeopleNology How to Understand & Help all Human Beings has shown, however, that the benefits far outweigh Typical Human Evolutionary EMOTIONS PeopleNology these costs, and we are now pre-programmed with a deep need to be7 Things The Gods long that drives us toThe Gods Wanted you to know; Wanted You To Know, wards forming and joinall about Fear ing tribes. A basic Maslow need feeling of anxiety: an unpleasant real Belonging is one of the more basic needs in feeling of apprehension or distress Maslow's Hierarchy, caused by the presence or anticipation where it comes just above health and safety. This of danger. You’ve had this feeling low level indicates how fundamental this need is. thousands of times in your life. Being below esteem shows Will you pass the math exam? Will your how we first want to join a group, then gain its profits outrun the last loss? Will your esteem. Although 'belonging' needs include old car start? Does your spouse love love and affection, we will you? Can you afford college? often prefer to be in a low social position within a The anticipation of failure is a fear group than leave and try to find another group. based within your evolutionary core. 'Belonging' need is Fear makes you tense, stand up, do stronger than 'esteem' need. something, hide in the dark, buy guns The limits to belonging In the modern world and even life insurance. there are many, many groups who want you to The Key to Nature’s Biggest Mysteries PeopleNology@Hotmail.com belong to them-- provided you are similar enough and can afford it, of course. Your interest, time and money are limited, so what do you do? The hierarchy of belonging Most people have a hierarchy of belonging that they will use when there is a conflict of interests between the various groups to which they belong For example, I belong to my family group first, then my immediate work group, then the larger company, then my country. It is not quite as simple as this and there are always exceptions and variations, but the principle is nevertheless useful. A limited set of groups In practice, the number of groups to which we can effectively belong is limited by time and the confusion and complexity of having to juggle too many priorities. Most people will have a short list of around three to five major affiliations. Other groups are secondary and they will pay attention to them 'when they have the time.' The need for: Belonging Fear The need for: Certainty Explanations > Needs > Certainty What is certainty? | The effects of uncertainty | So what? A need we have that contributes to other needs is to be certain about what we know, do and say. Without certainty, we Bodenhamer’s PeopleNology How to Understand & Help all Human Beings become anxious and uncomfortable. Typical Human Evolutionary EMOTIONS PeopleNology What is certainty? Needs > Challenge Flow | Auto telic personalities | So what? Think about a time when you were happy. Bodenhamer’s PeopleNology How to Understand & Help all Human Beings There is a good chance that it was something to Typical Human Evolutionary EMOTIONS do with achieving somePeopleNology thing, maybe something that took some effort, where you were not The Gods Wanted you to know; sure of succeeding. Flow all about Contempt When we get engrossed in an interesting situaattitude of utter disgust or hatred: a tion, we often lose track of time. Time flies when powerful feeling of dislike toward you're having fun, as they say. What is also somebody or something considered to interesting is that we be worthless, inferior, or undeserving even lose track of our selves. This is the state of respect. If you don’t agree with the known as 'flow'. The paradox of this situaspeed limit you speed. If you have tion is that when we contempt for your boss, you do things come back to ourselves, we feel particularly to hurt them. If another person takes happy. It is as if getting away from our selves is your spouse you conspire to get even. good for us. If a person takes your parking place Auto telic personalities In Csikszentmihayli's you scratch their car. People are full of study of flow, he discov7 Things The Gods ered a personality type instant contempt for people, places that always seemed Wanted You To Know, and things. Paint walls with ugly happy, no matter how poor or disadvantaged they were. What he The Key to Nature’s Biggest Mysteries PeopleNology@Hotmail.com found about these people was that they were always challenging themselves. They had small challenges throughout the day as well as longer-term life challenges. Throwing themselves into the challenge put them into flow and coming out with success made them happy. He called these people 'auto telic', from the Greek words 'auto', meaning 'self', and 'telos', meaning 'goal'. He also found people who found great difficulty being happy. These people were often very self-centered, to the point where they could not bear to give up their attention on themselves and hence could not get into flow. Contempt The need for: Completion of Explanations > Needs > Completion What is it? | Completion in stories | So what? Does the above title bother you? Did you ask 'Completion of what?' Things which are incomplete bother us, whether they are sentences or things we are doing. What is it? When things are comBodenhamer’s PeopleNology How to Understand & Help all Human Beings plete, they are done and in the past and we do Typical Human Evolutionary EMOTIONS PeopleNology not need to think about them again. When they incomplete, 7 Things The Gods The Gods Wanted you to know; Something which is inWanted You To Know, complete is not certain all about Disgust and leaves us unsatisfied and seeking to resolve the incompletion strong disapproval or revulsion: a real by completing what has been left undone. feeling of horrified or sickened distaste Completion leads to a for something. You hate death but you sense of closure, where we feel the comfort of send your son to war. You hate the such as a job well done or an argument satisfacthings you perceive as wrong, smell torily finished. bad, feel bad and disapprove of most Rehearsal exhaustion One of the effects of things you didnt think of first. incompletion is that we constantly have to go Impatient irritation: a feeling of back and think about impatient irritation. I hate him or her. all the incomplete things we know about, They hate me. That color is not the to make sure we do not forget it and to predict right blue. I’ll fix that. Put that in his possible outcomes. As locker and watch him jump. Cut their more and more things are left incomplete, we tires. I didnt do it your honor. get more and more distracted and exhausted by the ever-increasing The Key to Nature’s Biggest Mysteries PeopleNology@Hotmail.com rehearsal. The rule of three If someone starts something then leaves it incomplete and then starts something else, and then repeats this again and again, how many such nested incompletions can we stand? In practice, problems seem to set in around about three incomplete things. This appears in a wide range of places. For example, section numbering in manuals may go to 1, 1.2 and 1.2.3, but seldom goes down to a fourth or lower level with section numbers such as 3.5.8.2.7.2. Technical writers know that such detail is too much for most people to handle. (Government specification, however are a different matter). Completion in stories Writer of soap-operas and other installment-based entertainment know much about completion. All stories can be viewed as nothing but a series of tension-creating incomplete scenarios, followed by satisfying completion, tying up the loose ends and giving a sense of control and that all is now well in the world. Consider what an incomplete story forces us to do: • In order to be able to make sense of the rest of the story, when it appears, we have to keep going back and mentally rehearsing the story, to keep in in mind. • In wondering what will happen, we start predicting possible conclusions. And the more possible endings, the greater the confusion and mental effort again to rehearse these. • It sends us mentally inside, paying attention to our inner world. This is the beginnings of trance (as is the repetition of rehearsal). Disgust The need for: Conformity Explanations > Needs > Conformity Bodenhamer’s PeopleNology How to Understand & Help all Human Beings What is it? | Different groups, different rules | Typical Human Evolutionary EMOTIONS PeopleNology So what? Have you ever suddenly noticed when you were in The Gods Wanted you to know; a group of people where they all were doing or all about Anger saying something differgreat annoyance: a feeling of extreme ent to you? Did you feel uncomfortable about annoyance is how you feel at times this? Did you feel an unspoken pressure to go with your boss, spouse, friend, family along with the rest of the dog and even the weather. That feelgroup? If so, you were 7 Things The Gods simply complying with ing of irritation: feelings of mild anger Wanted You To Know, your need to conform. What is it? and impatience when you don’t get The need for conformity your own way, failed the test, your is the desire to go along with the norms of a group spouse scratched the car, it snowed vs. of people, so you will be accepted as an in-group raining or even making a mistake. person (and not rejected People get feel anger several times per as an out-group undesirable person). day and it can help or hurt them. That We are a tribal animal, which leads us to have a backdrop of impatience and annoyance deep need to belong to a makes you go faster, clinch your fist, group of some sort. Conforming to group norms rake the leaves or wash the car. is a signal to the other group members that 'I am like you. I am following The Key to Nature’s Biggest Mysteries PeopleNology@Hotmail.com our rules. I am not a threat.' This signal indicates your consistency of behavior, allowing the other people to predict what you will do. It is also a step along the way to increasing your esteem within the group. Different groups different rules Different groups have different norms or rules to which group members conform. This can be to do with behavior, attitude, dress, language, etc. The degree to which other people conform to the rules indicates their desire to be a group member. In-group members who conform strongly are core group members who are asserting the identity of the group, or peripheral members who are trying to impress the core members, perhaps to be accepted into the 'inner circle' (which is in fact another group-within-thegroup). Further out, people outside the group may similarly emulate group members either to seek admission to the group or to form an admiring group who are seeking to gain some reflected glory. An example is pop fans who dress like their idols. Conformists and non-conformists The strength of desire to conform is a personality trait whereby some people will try to conform to whatever group they are in at the time, whilst other 'non-conformists' will go in the other direction, deliberately asserting their individuality by rejecting all but a very few sets of norms. Teenagers come to mind, as they reject their parents, being non-conformists in the family, whilst desperately conforming with peer-group norms as they seek acceptance by the cliques and gangs of the schoolyard. Some groups are mutually exclusive, where the rules of one group are that you are not a member of specific other groups. Gangs and families are an example, as are political parties and different religions. Anger The need for: Consistency Explanations > Needs > Bodenhamer’s PeopleNology How to Understand & Help all Human Beings Consistency What is it? | Cognitive Typical Human Evolutionary EMOTIONS PeopleNology dissonance | So what? Have you ever been to the supermarket and The Gods Wanted you to know; found that they have moved the aisle where the all about Happiness milk is kept? Or have you a colleague who is so infeeling pleasure: feeling or showing consistent you do not pleasure, contentment, or joy puts that know what they are going to do next? Annoying and smile on your face. A human hug, a uncomfortable, isn't it? What is it? cat that needs petting, a job well done When things are inconsisnote from your boss, a great meal, hot tent, we find it difficult to predict and hence control cup of coffee, a beautiful sunset. the future. This makes us feel uncomfortable so we Humans spend a lot of their time will hence act to make gaining happiness, thus avoiding anger things more consistent. If we cannot do this diand that impatient feeling. We love to rectly, we may achieve consistency in what we put our feet up, watch a movie, read a perceive by distancing 7 Things The Gods great book, tell stories, cook fancy ourselves from the inconWanted You To Know, sistent items or people. dishes, explore things that may make Internal consistency We also have a need for us happy. Putting the smile-on. internal consistency. That is, we need for our beliefs, values, morals, attitudes, mental models and so on, The Key to Nature’s Biggest Mysteries PeopleNology@Hotmail.com all to align with one another. If we belief the world is flat, yet we value science which tells us the world is round, then we will feel uncomfortable about this difference. We need consistency between our inner beliefs, etc. and our outer actions. This can cause a lot of problems, as we tend to idealize ourselves internally, yet externally we have to face difficult choices. Thus if I believe I am a caring individual, yet do not give money to a beggar, I will feel guilty and uncomfortable. Cognitive dissonance In 1957 psychologist Leon Festinger described a very powerful motivator, which he called cognitive dissonance, where inconsistent attitudes, concepts or ideas makes us feel uncomfortable. This drives us to such actions as seeking confirmation of any decisions we make and avoiding anything that might prove those decisions to be anything less than perfect and wise. For example, when we buy a new car, we will happily read articles that praise it, but we will feel bad and discard magazines that show our decision to be unwise. Happiness