Pupil Opportunities Transfers Testimony April 2008

Testimony of Vicki E. Murray, Ph.D. Education Studies Senior Policy Fellow / Pacific Research Institute California State Assembly / Committee on Revenue and Taxation April 28, 2008, Room 126 / AB 2561, Pupil Opportunities Transfers Chairman Calderon, Vice-Chairman DeVore, Members of the Committee, I am Dr. Vicki Murray, Education Studies Senior Policy Fellow at the Pacific Research Institute in Sacramento. Thank you for the opportunity to testify about Assembly Bill 2561, Pupil Opportunities Transfers. California schoolchildren are in desperate need of high-quality schools. Nearly 1.7 million students are eligible for NCLB proficiency transfers. Yet only 3.4 percent of students have been able to take advantage of them largely because high-quality options are in short supply in their resident districts.1 (See Appendix B) Current statistics, even for many of the state’s best public schools, are staggering: • At half of all California Distinguished Schools, a majority of students in at least one grade is not proficient in English or math.2 (See Appendix A, Figure 1) • At one in five California Distinguished Schools, a majority of students in all grades is not proficient in English or math. (See Appendix A, Figure 2). • Overall, around 60 percent of California public school students have not achieved grade-level proficiency in English or math.3 (See Appendix A, Figures 3 and 4). AB 2561 represents an important step toward improving academic achievement in California, beginning with students in the lowest performing schools. Under current API growth targets, it will take an average of more than 40 years for schools with a score below 600 reach the minimum performance level.4 (See Appendix C). Students in low-performing schools need better options now, not decades from now. The Pupil Opportunities Transfer program resembles one of the country’s most successful programs, Florida’s Opportunity Scholarship Program established in 1999. Unlike California, which currently restricts options to students’ resident districts, Florida makes all public school options available.5 Students may also attend private schools using tax-credit scholarships.6 Just knowing that parents can transfer their children has spurred low-performing schools in Florida to turn their performance around.7 With less than one in 10 eligible students exercising their transfer option, low-performing public schools in Florida have improved up to 10 points higher than performing public schools on the state standards test.8 A second statewide student opportunity program was enacted by Ohio in 2006.9 While it is too soon to measure this program’s effect on student and school performance, such programs in Cleveland enacted in 1996 and Dayton in 1998 have resulted in higher overall academic 1 achievement among participating students, between 6.5 and 15 percentile points on standardized reading and math tests.10 It is also well documented that public schools improve in response to competition for students. More than 200 scientific analyses spanning three decades show beneficial effects “across all outcomes,” including higher student achievement, graduation rates, school efficiency, teacher salaries, and smaller class sizes.11 Simply letting parents pick better schools for their children has also been shown to yield the same math improvement as increasing per-pupil funding more than $3,000 or raising median household income $7,700.12 Academic proficiency is critical to students’—and the state’s—future. AB 2561 is a much-needed step toward meeting the urgent need for better educational opportunities in California. Mr. Chairman, Mr. Vice-Chairman, Members of the Committee, thank you for the opportunity to testify, and I am happy to answer any questions. 2 APPENDIX A Figure 1: California Distinguished Schools—Majority of Students in at Least One Grade Not Proficient in English or Math 100 % Schools: One or More Grades Below Proficient 90 80 70 60 50 50 41 40 30 20 10 0 High All Elementary Middle 40 95 Source: Author’s figure based on California Standards Test (CST) data from the California Department of Education for the 2006-07 school year, the most recent data available. California Distinguished Elementary Schools represent the 343 schools announced in April 2008. California Distinguished Middle and High Schools represent 171 schools announced in April 2007. Notes: 1. Elementary schools represent grades 2 through 5; middle schools represent grades 6 through 8; and high schools represent grades 9 though 11. 2. Only California Distinguished Schools with CST scores are included, 509 schools. Three elementary schools and two middle schools did not report CST scores and are therefore excluded from the analysis. 3 Figure 2: California Distinguished Schools—Majority of Students in All Grades Not Proficient in English or Math 100 90 % Schools: All Grades Below Proficient 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 High Middle All Elementary 7 24 20 73 Source: Author’s figure based on California Standards Test (CST) data from the California Department of Education for the 2006-07 school year, the most recent data available. California Distinguished Elementary Schools represent the 343 schools announced in April 2008. California Distinguished Middle and High Schools represent 171 schools announced in April 2007. Notes: 1. Elementary schools represent grades 2 through 5; middle schools represent grades 6 through 8; and high schools represent grades 9 though 11. 2. Only California Distinguished Schools with CST scores are included, 509 schools. Three elementary schools and two middle schools did not report CST scores and are therefore excluded from the analysis. 4 Figure 3: CST English Language Arts Proficiency, California Distinguished Schools and All Public Schools Compared by Grade 100 90 80 % Students Proficient 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 49 37 67 56 52 45 44 47 41 42 29 28 42 71 64 62 67 61 65 55 53 62 10 11 G ra de CDS All Schools Source: Author’s figure based on California Standards Test (CST) data from the California Department of Education for the 2006-07 school year, the most recent data available. California Distinguished Elementary Schools represent the 343 schools announced in April 2008. California Distinguished Middle and High Schools represent 171 schools announced in April 2007. Notes: 1. “CDS” stands for California Distinguished Schools. 2. Only California Distinguished Schools with CST scores are included, 509 schools. Three elementary schools and two middle schools did not report CST scores and are therefore excluded from the analysis. G ra de Av er ag e 2 3 4 5 6 7 G ra de G ra de G ra de G ra de G ra de G ra de 8 G ra de G ra de 9 5 Figure 4: CST Math Proficiency, California Distinguished Schools and All Public Schools Compared by Grade 100 90 80 % Students Proficient 70 60 50 40 31 30 21 20 10 0 15 13 60 58 57 49 43 40 37 29 26 39 75 75 74 67 59 60 54 56 10 11 G ra de CDS All Schools Source: Author’s figure based on California Standards Test (CST) data from the California Department of Education for the 2006-07 school year, the most recent data available. California Distinguished Elementary Schools represent the 343 schools announced in April 2008. California Distinguished Middle and High Schools represent 171 schools announced in April 2007. Notes: 1. “CDS” stands for California Distinguished Schools. 2. Only California Distinguished Schools with CST scores are included, 509 schools. Three elementary schools and two middle schools did not report CST scores and are therefore excluded from the analysis. 3. High school students take different math courses, including algebra I, geometry, and algebra II. G ra de Av er ag e 2 3 4 5 6 7 G ra de G ra de G ra de G ra de G ra de G ra de 8 G ra de G ra de 9 6 APPENDIX B Under the federal No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (NCLB), students are eligible to transfer after their schools have missed state-mandated achievement targets for two consecutive years.13 This means that students could fall years behind in at least one subject before the state lets them transfer—but only within their resident districts.14 This limitation sorely diminishes options for students struggling to achieve proficiency since one out of four California school districts has only a single school, and almost one-third of districts have only one or two schools.15 Other districts are so large parents may not be able to transport their children elsewhere, particularly children from single-parent and dual-earner families. The average California school district is nearly 160 square miles.16 Up to half of all public schools (close to 5,000) lack capacity to accept student transfers; however, failing schools transfers cannot be denied because of capacity under federal NCLB law.17 Currently, more than one in four California Title I schools has not met academic performance targets for at least two years, up from one in five a few years ago when performance targets were lower.18 As of the 2006-07 school year, 1,543 out of 6,070 Title I schools have been in Program Improvement for at least two years, or 25.42 percent. This figure is up from one out of five schools just two years ago.19 The number of schools missing performance targets will likely increase steadily in coming years because the mandated targets must now rise annually to fulfill the 2013-14 goal of 100 percent proficiency under NCLB.20 That likelihood further diminishes the availability of performing public schools within students’ resident districts. When resident district options are not available, students’ only recourse may be waiting for their current public schools to meet the state-mandated annual growth targets, which are set so low it will take schools with API scores below 600 an average of more than 40 years on average before they are deemed performing.21 California’s NCLB failing schools transfer policy has been sorely criticized by federal agencies as well as numerous civil rights groups. California was identified by the United States Government Accountability Office (GAO) for having high percentages of Title I schools identified for improvement, yet the state could not provide a complete list of schools receiving $24 million in NCLB School Improvement Title I funds and $174 million in State Funds for FY 2006.22 Contrary to state education department claims that parents do not want transfer options, many parents have not been notified of their right to move their children to better schools. For example, once eligible parents from Los Angeles and Compton were made aware of their transfer rights, 82 percent wanted to move their children to better schools. Barely a fraction of one percent has been able to do so, in large part because current policy restricts parents’ alternatives to their resident districts, where high-quality options are not available in many cases.23 During the 2003-04 school year, 315 out of 257,636 eligible Los Angeles public school students transferred a rate of 0.13 percent.24 By the 2000-07 school year, the following year the number of eligible Los Angles students swelled to more than 300,000. Still, only around two out of every 1,000, 0.20 percent, transferred.25 The Citizens Commission on Civil Rights, as well as representatives of more than two dozen other civil rights organizations, has also criticized California’s low transfer rate and documented numerous instances NCLB violations.26 It noted that eligible Sacramento parents interested in transferring their children to better schools were required to make an appointment with school principals “to discuss your options,” a violation of NCLB policy, which states, “parents should not have to appear in person to state their choices.”27 The Commission also found districts in Los 7 Angeles and Long Beach routinely denied transfers because of a lack of capacity, also prohibited under NCLB.28 According to the Commission, a district in Escondido went so far as to remove Title I funds from two of its four schools identified in need of improvement so it would not have to offer students alternatives. As one Escondido father explained, “There has been all this talk about how parents will have more choices, more control. It’s a lie. There is not parent control. ...If the district wants to control where your kid goes to school, they’ll find a way to do it no matter what the law is.” 29 8 APPENDIX C How Long it will Take for Schools Below 600 to Reach the 800 API Performance Target (by County) API 2007 597 501 551 516 476 428 455 476 530 443 593 579 559 446 550 458 568 522 416 599 595 595 595 594 594 593 587 586 577 574 573 571 569 563 552 551 550 548 547 543 541 541 536 535 535 Year Reach 800 API 2041 2049 2045 2048 2050 2053 2052 2050 2047 2052 2042 2043 2045 2052 2045 2051 2044 2047 2054 2041 2041 2041 2041 2042 2042 2042 2042 2042 2043 2043 2043 2044 2044 2044 2045 2045 2045 2045 2046 2046 2046 2046 2046 2046 2046 County Alameda Alameda Alameda Alameda Alameda Alameda Alameda Alameda Alameda Alameda Alameda Alameda Alameda Alameda Alameda Alameda Alameda Alameda Alameda Alameda Alameda Alameda Alameda Alameda Alameda Alameda Alameda Alameda Alameda Alameda Alameda Alameda Alameda Alameda Alameda Alameda Alameda Alameda Alameda Alameda Alameda Alameda Alameda Alameda Alameda District Alameda City Unified Alameda City Unified Alameda COE Alameda COE Alameda COE Berkeley Unified California School for the Blind California School for the Deaf Castro Valley Unified Fremont Unified Hayward Unified Hayward Unified Livermore Valley Joint Unified Livermore Valley Joint Unified New Haven Unified New Haven Unified Newark Unified Newark Unified Newark Unified Oakland Unified Oakland Unified Oakland Unified Oakland Unified Oakland Unified Oakland Unified Oakland Unified Oakland Unified Oakland Unified Oakland Unified Oakland Unified Oakland Unified Oakland Unified Oakland Unified Oakland Unified Oakland Unified Oakland Unified Oakland Unified Oakland Unified Oakland Unified Oakland Unified Oakland Unified Oakland Unified Oakland Unified Oakland Unified Oakland Unified School Bay Area School of Enterprise Island High (Cont.) Alameda County Alternative/Opportunity Envision Academy for Arts & Technology Alameda County Community Berkeley Alternative High California School for the Blind California School for the Deaf-Northern Redwood Alternative High Robertson High (Cont.) Tennyson High Shepherd Elementary Del Valle Continuation High Phoenix High (Cont.) Core Learning Academy at Conley-Caraball Alt. Learning Academy at Conley-Caraball Crossroads High (Alternative) Bridgepoint High (Cont.) New Beginnings Academy Oakland Senior High Frick Middle MetWest High Oakland Unity High (Charter) Elmhurst Community Prep Huerta (Dolores) Learning Academy Jefferson Elementary Elmhurst Middle Explorer Middle LIFE Academy Expression, Excellence, Community, Emp. United for Success Academy Fred T. Korematsu Discovery Academy Highland Elementary ROOTS International Academy Mandela High Business, Entrepreneurial School of Tech. Media College Preparatory Far West Lockwood Elementary Merritt Middle College High (Alternative) Leadership Preparatory High Street Academy (Alternative) Webster Academy (K-6) Leadership Public Schools Oakland Sankofa Academy # Years 34 42 38 41 43 46 45 43 40 45 35 36 38 45 38 44 37 40 47 34 34 34 34 35 35 35 35 35 36 36 36 37 37 37 38 38 38 38 39 39 39 39 39 39 39 9 Alameda Alameda Alameda Alameda Alameda Alameda Alameda Alameda Alameda Alameda Alameda Alameda Alameda Alameda Alameda Alameda Alameda Alameda Alameda Alameda Alameda Alameda Alameda Alameda Amador Amador Butte Butte Butte Butte Butte Butte Calaveras Calaveras Calaveras Calaveras Calaveras Calaveras Colusa Contra Costa Contra Costa Contra Costa Contra Costa Contra Costa Contra Costa Contra Costa Contra Costa Contra Costa Contra Costa Contra Costa Contra Costa Contra Costa Contra Costa Oakland Unified Oakland Unified Oakland Unified Oakland Unified Oakland Unified Oakland Unified Oakland Unified Oakland Unified Oakland Unified Oakland Unified Oakland Unified Oakland Unified Oakland Unified Oakland Unified Oakland Unified Oakland Unified Oakland Unified Oakland Unified Oakland Unified Oakland Unified Oakland Unified Pleasanton Unified San Leandro Unified San Lorenzo Unified Amador COE Amador COE Butte COE Butte COE Chico Unified Gridley Unified Oroville Union High Paradise Unified Bret Harte Union High Calaveras COE Calaveras Unified Calaveras Unified Calaveras Unified Calaveras Unified Colusa Unified Antioch Unified Antioch Unified Contra Costa COE Contra Costa COE John Swett Unified Liberty Union High Liberty Union High Martinez Unified Martinez Unified Mt. Diablo Unified Mt. Diablo Unified Mt. Diablo Unified Mt. Diablo Unified Mt. Diablo Unified Coliseum College Prep Academy East Oakland School of the Arts YES, Youth Empowerment Oakland Aviation High Peralta Creek Middle Laney Middle (Opportunity) Paul Robeson College Prep. School of Vis. East Oakland Community High (EOCH) Kizmet Academy Middle Oakland Alternative for Independent & Co Cole Middle Dewey Academy Senior High Havenscourt Middle Simmons (Calvin) Middle Reach Academy Business and Information Technology High Space Explorarion Academy Bunche (Ralph) Academy Far West (Cont.) Youth Employment Partnership Charter Bunche Village High Lincoln High (Cont.) Royal Sunset (Cont.) Amador County Juvenile Hall/Community Amador County Special Education Butte County Special Education North County Community Fair View High (Cont.) Esperanza High (Cont.) Prospect High (Cont.) Ridgeview High (Cont.) Vallecito Continuation High Mountain Ranch Community Calaveras Educational Transitions (Commu.) Gold Strike High West Point Alternative Jenny Lind High Colusa Alternative High (Cont.) Prospects High (Alternative) Live Oak High (Cont.) Golden Gate Community Floyd Marchus Willow High Independence High La Paloma High (Cont.) Briones (Alternative) Vicente Martinez High (Cont.) Glenbrook Middle Nueva Vista High (Cont.) Oak Grove Middle Gateway High (Cont.) Olympic Continuation High 527 521 521 519 517 514 514 513 502 497 495 495 495 492 490 485 468 412 355 355 290 584 510 447 530 457 563 515 562 423 432 567 596 486 570 535 535 457 449 560 558 576 531 558 592 442 571 468 599 577 576 537 501 2047 2047 2047 2048 2048 2048 2048 2048 2049 2049 2049 2049 2049 2049 2050 2050 2051 2054 2057 2057 2060 2042 2048 2052 2047 2051 2044 2048 2044 2053 2053 2044 2041 2050 2044 2046 2046 2051 2052 2045 2045 2043 2047 2045 2042 2052 2044 2051 2041 2043 2043 2046 2049 40 40 40 41 41 41 41 41 42 42 42 42 42 42 43 43 44 47 50 50 53 35 41 45 40 44 37 41 37 46 46 37 34 43 37 39 39 44 45 38 38 36 40 38 35 45 37 44 34 36 36 39 42 10 Contra Costa Contra Costa Contra Costa Contra Costa Contra Costa Contra Costa Contra Costa Contra Costa Contra Costa Contra Costa Contra Costa Contra Costa Contra Costa Contra Costa Contra Costa Contra Costa Contra Costa Contra Costa Del Norte Del Norte Del Norte Del Norte El Dorado El Dorado El Dorado El Dorado Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Mt. Diablo Unified Mt. Diablo Unified Mt. Diablo Unified Mt. Diablo Unified Mt. Diablo Unified Pittsburg Unified Pittsburg Unified San Ramon Valley Unified West Contra Costa Unified West Contra Costa Unified West Contra Costa Unified West Contra Costa Unified West Contra Costa Unified West Contra Costa Unified West Contra Costa Unified West Contra Costa Unified West Contra Costa Unified West Contra Costa Unified Del Norte COE Del Norte COE Del Norte COE Del Norte County Unified El Dorado Union High El Dorado Union High El Dorado Union High Lake Tahoe Unified Central Unified Central Unified Fresno COE Fresno Unified Fresno Unified Fresno Unified Fresno Unified Fresno Unified Fresno Unified Fresno Unified Fresno Unified Fresno Unified Fresno Unified Fresno Unified Fresno Unified Fresno Unified Fresno Unified Fresno Unified Fresno Unified Fresno Unified Fresno Unified Fresno Unified Fresno Unified Fresno Unified Fresno Unified Fresno Unified Prospect High (Cont.) Summit High (Cont.) Crossroads High (Cont.) Sunrise (Special Education) Diablo Day Community Pittsburg Independent Learning Center Riverside High (Cont.) Del Amigo High (Cont.) Verde Elementary Lovonya DeJean Middle Kennedy High Richmond High Omega Continuation High Kappa Continuation High Sigma Continuation High North Campus Continuation Gompers (Samuel) Continuation Transition Learning Center Castle Rock Charter Del Norte County Alternative/Opportunity McCarthy Center/Community Sunset High (Cont.) Independence Continuation Independent Learning Center (Alternative) Vista High Transitional Learning Center (Cont.) Central Unified Alternative/Opportunity Pershing Continuation High Fresno County Special Education Muir Elementary Kings Canyon Middle Greenberg (David L.) Elementary Balderas (Ezekiel) Elementary King Elementary Anthony (Susan B.) Elementary Lincoln Elementary Fresno Prep Academy Sequoia Middle Roosevelt High Yosemite Middle Tehipite Middle Carver Academy Cooper Middle School of Unlimited Learning Young (J.E.) Academic Center Cambridge Continuation High Woodson (Carter G.) Public Charter Roosevelt Continuation New Millennium Charter Dewolf Continuation High Phoenix Elementary Academy Community Day Academy for New Americans 500 499 464 380 351 589 517 527 594 578 549 534 476 462 446 437 384 315 598 526 417 455 597 574 529 406 559 494 492 598 596 595 591 590 583 578 577 575 574 572 569 560 548 521 513 490 458 453 447 445 409 308 2049 2049 2051 2055 2057 2042 2048 2047 2042 2043 2045 2047 2050 2051 2052 2053 2055 2058 2041 2047 2054 2052 2041 2043 2047 2054 2045 2049 2049 2041 2041 2041 2042 2042 2043 2043 2043 2043 2043 2044 2044 2045 2045 2047 2048 2050 2051 2052 2052 2052 2054 2059 42 42 44 48 50 35 41 40 35 36 38 40 43 44 45 46 48 51 34 40 47 45 34 36 40 47 38 42 42 34 34 34 35 35 36 36 36 36 36 37 37 38 38 40 41 43 44 45 45 45 47 52 11 Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Glenn Glenn Glenn Glenn Humboldt Humboldt Humboldt Humboldt Humboldt Humboldt Humboldt Humboldt Humboldt Imperial Imperial Imperial Imperial Imperial Inyo Inyo Inyo Kern Kern Kern Kern Kern Kern Kern Kern Kern Kern Kern Kern Kern Kern Kern Kerman Unified Kings Canyon Joint Unified Mendota Unified Parlier Unified Parlier Unified Parlier Unified Riverdale Joint Unified Sanger Unified Sanger Unified Sanger Unified Selma Unified Selma Unified Washington Union High West Fresno Elementary West Fresno Elementary West Fresno Elementary West Park Elementary Glenn COE Glenn COE Stony Creek Joint Unified Willows Unified Eureka City Unified Eureka City Unified Fortuna Union High Humboldt COE Humboldt COE Klamath-Trinity Joint Unified Loleta Union Elementary Northern Humboldt Union High Northern Humboldt Union High Brawley Union High Calexico Unified Central Union High Imperial COE Imperial Unified Bishop Joint Union High Inyo COE Inyo COE Bakersfield City Elementary Bakersfield City Elementary Bakersfield City Elementary Bakersfield City Elementary Bakersfield City Elementary Delano Joint Union High Delano Joint Union High Fairfax Elementary Kern COE Kern Union High Kern Union High Lamont Elementary Linns Valley-Poso Flat Union McFarland Unified Mojave Unified Nova High (Cont.) Kings Canyon Continuation Crescent View West Charter Parlier Junior High Parlier High Crescent View Charter High School Horizon High Taft High (Independent Study) Kings River High (Cont.) Community Day Selma Independent Heartland High (Cont.) Washington High West Fresno Elementary West Fresno Middle W.E.B. DuBois Public Charter West Park Charter Academy Glenn County Alternative/Opportunity Glenn County Special Education Elk Creek Elementary Willows Community High (Cont) Zoe Barnum High Eureka Secondary Community Day East High (Cont.) Eureka Community Eel River Community Captain John Continuation Pacific View Charter Pacific Coast High (Cont.) Northern Humboldt Community Day Desert Valley High (Cont.) Aurora High (Cont.) Desert Oasis High (Cont.) Imperial County Juvenile Hall/Community Imperial Ave. Holbrook High (Cont.) Palisade Glacier High (Cont.) Alternative/Opportunity Jill Kinmont Boothe Curran Middle Stiern (Walter) Middle Longfellow Elementary Emerson Middle Johnson (Rafer) Community Day Valencia (Ygnacio) High (Alternative) Valley High Virginia Avenue Elementary Kern County Special Education Arvin High Vista West Continuation Mountain View Middle Linns Valley-Poso Flat Elementary San Joaquin High (Cont.) Douglas 571 465 542 570 527 483 523 558 522 510 480 395 596 597 537 390 579 541 472 594 489 545 509 467 459 392 453 573 577 471 577 496 455 461 586 543 499 356 595 595 591 561 325 495 466 582 529 594 594 597 589 421 509 2044 2051 2046 2044 2047 2050 2047 2045 2047 2048 2050 2055 2041 2041 2046 2055 2043 2046 2051 2042 2050 2046 2048 2051 2051 2055 2052 2043 2043 2051 2043 2049 2052 2051 2042 2046 2049 2057 2041 2041 2042 2044 2058 2049 2051 2043 2047 2042 2042 2041 2042 2053 2048 37 44 39 37 40 43 40 38 40 41 43 48 34 34 39 48 36 39 44 35 43 39 41 44 44 48 45 36 36 44 36 42 45 44 35 39 42 50 34 34 35 37 51 42 44 36 40 35 35 34 35 46 41 12 Kern Kern Kern Kern Kern Kings Kings Kings Kings Kings Lake Lake Lake Lake Lake Lassen Lassen Lassen Lassen Lassen Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Sierra Sands Unified Taft Union High Taft Union High Tehachapi Unified Wasco Union High Armona Union Elementary Hanford Joint Union High Kings COE Kings COE Reef-Sunset Unified Konocti Unified Lake COE Lake COE Lakeport Unified Middletown Unified Fort Sage Unified Fort Sage Unified Lassen Union High Lassen Union High Westwood Unified ABC Unified ABC Unified Alhambra Unified Alhambra Unified Antelope Valley Union High Antelope Valley Union High Antelope Valley Union High Antelope Valley Union High Antelope Valley Union High Azusa Unified Baldwin Park Unified Baldwin Park Unified Bassett Unified Bellflower Unified Bonita Unified Centinela Valley Union High Centinela Valley Union High Centinela Valley Union High Charter Oak Unified Charter Oak Unified Claremont Unified Claremont Unified Compton Unified Compton Unified Compton Unified Compton Unified Compton Unified Compton Unified Compton Unified Compton Unified Compton Unified Compton Unified Compton Unified Mesquite Continuation High Westside Independent Study High School Buena Vista High (Cont.) Monroe High (Cont.) Independence High (Cont.) Crossroads Charter Johnson (Earl F.) High (Cont.) Kings County Special Education Kings County Community Reef Sunset Middle Blue Heron Redbud Community Clearlake Community Natural High (Cont.) Loconoma Valley High Sierra Primary Fort Sage Middle Credence High (Cont) Diamond Mountain Charter High Westwood High Tracy (Wilbur) High (Cont.) ABC Secondary (Alternative) Century High (Cont) Independence High (Alternative) Antelope Valley High Desert Sands Charter Desert Winds Continuation High Parris (R. Rex) High Phoenix High Community Day Sierra High North Park Continuation High Baldwin Park Alternative Nueva Vista Continuation High Somerset Continuation High Vista (Alternative) Leuzinger High Media Art Academy at Centinela Lloyde (R. K.) High Arrow High (Cont.) Bridges Community Day San Antonio High (Cont.) Community Day King (Martin Luther) Elementary Willowbrook Middle Chavez (Cesar) Continuation High Walton Middle Bunche Middle Dominguez High Compton High Whaley Middle Davis Middle Centennial High Marshall (Thurgood) 514 515 433 483 535 575 498 573 441 594 465 528 416 520 517 548 542 599 577 579 537 503 560 553 592 500 475 450 414 508 515 460 476 534 594 552 537 399 550 531 482 464 596 585 580 577 572 557 551 545 514 511 482 2048 2048 2053 2050 2046 2043 2049 2043 2052 2042 2051 2047 2054 2048 2048 2045 2046 2041 2043 2043 2046 2049 2045 2045 2042 2049 2050 2052 2054 2048 2048 2051 2050 2047 2042 2045 2046 2055 2045 2047 2050 2051 2041 2042 2043 2043 2044 2045 2045 2046 2048 2048 2050 41 41 46 43 39 36 42 36 45 35 44 40 47 41 41 38 39 34 36 36 39 42 38 38 35 42 43 45 47 41 41 44 43 40 35 38 39 48 38 40 43 44 34 35 36 36 37 38 38 39 41 41 43 13 Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Covina-Valley Unified Culver City Unified Culver City Unified Downey Unified Duarte Unified Eastside Union Elementary El Monte City Elementary El Monte Union High El Monte Union High El Rancho Unified Glendale Unified Glendora Unified Hacienda la Puente Unified Hacienda la Puente Unified Inglewood Unified Inglewood Unified Inglewood Unified Long Beach Unified Long Beach Unified Long Beach Unified Los Angeles COE Los Angeles COE Los Angeles COE Los Angeles COE Los Angeles COE Los Angeles COE Los Angeles COE Los Angeles Unified Los Angeles Unified Los Angeles Unified Los Angeles Unified Los Angeles Unified Los Angeles Unified Los Angeles Unified Los Angeles Unified Los Angeles Unified Los Angeles Unified Los Angeles Unified Los Angeles Unified Los Angeles Unified Los Angeles Unified Los Angeles Unified Los Angeles Unified Los Angeles Unified Los Angeles Unified Los Angeles Unified Los Angeles Unified Los Angeles Unified Los Angeles Unified Los Angeles Unified Los Angeles Unified Los Angeles Unified Fair Valley High (Cont.) Culver City Independent Study Culver Park High Columbus Continuation Mt. Olive Alternative Education Cole (Gifford C.) Middle Thompson Elementary (Oh) Fernando R. Ledesma High El Monte Union High School Community Day Salazar (Ruben) Continuation College View Center Whitcomb Continuation High Valley Alternative High (Cont.) Puente Hills High (Alternative) Morningside High Inglewood High Hillcrest High Franklin Middle Educational Partnership High Reid Senior High Los Angeles County Alternative/Opportunity Southern Day East Los Angeles Day Eastern Day Los Angeles County Juvenile Hall/Comm. Tri-C Day Antelope Valley Day Animo Ralph Bunche High Corona (Bert) Charter Elizabeth Learning Center San Fernando Middle Carson Senior High Lincoln (Abraham) Senior High Stevenson (Robert Louis) Middle Banneker (Benjamin) Special Education Center Marlton Hollenbeck Middle Westchester Senior High Maclay (Charles) Middle Sylmar Senior High Virgil Middle Wooden (John R.) High Wilson (Woodrow) Senior High Leonis (Miguel) Continuation Bell Senior High Mt. Vernon Middle West Vernon Avenue Elementary CityLife Downtown Charter School Mt. Lukens Continuation Arleta High Central City Value Los Angeles Academy Middle 492 564 464 463 360 574 524 431 419 583 460 518 530 504 567 564 480 591 537 501 591 570 569 558 533 490 470 599 599 599 597 596 594 593 590 590 589 589 588 587 585 583 582 581 580 580 580 579 579 578 578 578 2049 2044 2051 2051 2056 2043 2047 2053 2054 2043 2051 2048 2047 2049 2044 2044 2050 2042 2046 2049 2042 2044 2044 2045 2047 2050 2051 2041 2041 2041 2041 2041 2042 2042 2042 2042 2042 2042 2042 2042 2042 2043 2043 2043 2043 2043 2043 2043 2043 2043 2043 2043 42 37 44 44 49 36 40 46 47 36 44 41 40 42 37 37 43 35 39 42 35 37 37 38 40 43 44 34 34 34 34 34 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 14 Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Unified Los Angeles Unified Los Angeles Unified Los Angeles Unified Los Angeles Unified Los Angeles Unified Los Angeles Unified Los Angeles Unified Los Angeles Unified Los Angeles Unified Los Angeles Unified Los Angeles Unified Los Angeles Unified Los Angeles Unified Los Angeles Unified Los Angeles Unified Los Angeles Unified Los Angeles Unified Los Angeles Unified Los Angeles Unified Los Angeles Unified Los Angeles Unified Los Angeles Unified Los Angeles Unified Los Angeles Unified Los Angeles Unified Los Angeles Unified Los Angeles Unified Los Angeles Unified Los Angeles Unified Los Angeles Unified Los Angeles Unified Los Angeles Unified Los Angeles Unified Los Angeles Unified Los Angeles Unified Los Angeles Unified Los Angeles Unified Los Angeles Unified Los Angeles Unified Los Angeles Unified Los Angeles Unified Los Angeles Unified Los Angeles Unified Los Angeles Unified Los Angeles Unified Los Angeles Unified Los Angeles Unified Los Angeles Unified Los Angeles Unified Los Angeles Unified Los Angeles Unified Los Angeles Unified East Valley Area New Middle School 2 Hillcrest Drive Elementary Bethune (Mary McLeod) Middle Audubon Middle City of Angels (Independent Study) Woodcrest Elementary Rodia (Simon) Continuation South Gate Senior High Gage (Henry T.) Middle Gardena Senior High Miguel Contreras Learning Complex San Fernando Senior High Carlson (Berenece) Home Hospital Young (Whitney) Continuation Harte (Bret) Preparatory Intermediate Roosevelt (Theodore) Senior High Indian Springs Continuation East Valley Senior High Garfield (James A.) Senior High Temescal Canyon Continuation Animo Jackie Robinson High Muir (John) Middle Carver (George Washington) Middle Los Angeles Senior High Central LA Area New Middle School #4 South East High Jefferson Continuation High #1 Highland Park Continuation Huntington Park Senior High Edison (Thomas A.) Middle Gompers (Samuel) Middle Newmark (Harris) Continuation McAlister (Harold) High (Opportunity) Panorama High East Valley New Continuation High #1 Lewis (Robert H.) Continuation Crenshaw Arts-Technology High Clay (Henry) Middle Independence Continuation Aggeler Community Day Del Rey Continuation Jordan (David Starr) Senior High Crenshaw Senior High Belmont Senior High Drew (Charles) Middle Mann (Horace) Junior High Markham (Edwin) Middle Dorsey (Susan Miller) Senior High Manual Arts Senior High Locke (Alain Leroy) Senior High London (Jack) Continuation Thoreau (Henry David) Continuation Whitman Continuation 575 574 570 568 568 568 566 565 561 561 561 561 559 559 557 557 556 554 553 553 552 552 549 549 548 546 544 543 543 542 541 541 539 538 537 537 536 535 533 526 526 526 525 524 522 521 519 514 514 511 509 509 509 2043 2043 2044 2044 2044 2044 2044 2044 2044 2044 2044 2044 2045 2045 2045 2045 2045 2045 2045 2045 2045 2045 2045 2045 2045 2046 2046 2046 2046 2046 2046 2046 2046 2046 2046 2046 2046 2046 2047 2047 2047 2047 2047 2047 2047 2047 2048 2048 2048 2048 2048 2048 2048 36 36 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 39 39 39 39 39 39 39 39 39 39 39 39 39 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 15 Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Unified Los Angeles Unified Los Angeles Unified Los Angeles Unified Los Angeles Unified Los Angeles Unified Los Angeles Unified Los Angeles Unified Los Angeles Unified Los Angeles Unified Los Angeles Unified Los Angeles Unified Los Angeles Unified Los Angeles Unified Los Angeles Unified Los Angeles Unified Los Angeles Unified Los Angeles Unified Los Angeles Unified Los Angeles Unified Los Angeles Unified Los Angeles Unified Los Angeles Unified Los Angeles Unified Los Angeles Unified Los Angeles Unified Los Angeles Unified Los Angeles Unified Los Angeles Unified Los Angeles Unified Lynwood Unified Lynwood Unified Lynwood Unified Lynwood Unified Monrovia Unified Monrovia Unified Palmdale Elementary Palos Verdes Peninsula Unified Paramount Unified Paramount Unified Pasadena Unified Pasadena Unified Pasadena Unified Pomona Unified Redondo Beach Unified Rowland Unified Santa Monica-Malibu Unified Santa Monica-Malibu Unified Torrance Unified Walnut Valley Unified West Covina Unified Whittier Union High William S. Hart Union High Grey (Zane) Continuation Jordan New Technology High Avalon Continuation Youth Opportunities Unlimited New Village Charter High Fremont (John C.) Senior High Odyssey Continuation South LA Area New High #1 Central Continuation Earhart (Amelia) Continuation Opportunities Unlimited Charter High Angel's Gate (Cont.) Mission Continuation Jefferson (Thomas) Senior High Stoney Point Continuation Ramona Opportunity High Eagle Tree Continuation Riley (Thomas) High Evergreen Continuation Johnson Community Day Hope (John) Continuation CDS Secondary West Hollywood Opportunity Patton (George S.) Continuation San Antonio Continuation Tri-C Community Day Rogers (Will) Continuation Truth (Sojourner) Continuation Moneta Continuation Cooper (James Fenimore) Community Day Hosler Middle Lynwood Middle Lynwood High Vista High (Cont.) Mountain Park Canyon Oaks High Yellen Learning Center Rancho del Mar High (Cont.) Paramount High School Academy Paramount Continuation High Muir High Nia Educational Charter School Rose City High (Cont.) Pomona Alternative Redondo Shores High (Cont.) Santana High (Cont.) Olympic High (Cont.) SMMUSD Community Day Shery (Kurt T.) High (Cont.) Del Paso High (Cont.) Coronado Alternative Frontier High (Cont.) Sequoia Charter 503 501 497 497 495 492 489 486 485 484 477 472 468 457 457 453 449 442 438 438 433 431 419 418 414 412 400 397 366 350 596 589 566 536 579 510 319 597 567 537 569 556 421 457 564 541 526 371 527 584 586 503 441 2049 2049 2049 2049 2049 2049 2050 2050 2050 2050 2050 2051 2051 2051 2051 2052 2052 2052 2053 2053 2053 2053 2054 2054 2054 2054 2054 2055 2056 2057 2041 2042 2044 2046 2043 2048 2058 2041 2044 2046 2044 2045 2053 2051 2044 2046 2047 2056 2047 2042 2042 2049 2052 42 42 42 42 42 42 43 43 43 43 43 44 44 44 44 45 45 45 46 46 46 46 47 47 47 47 47 48 49 50 34 35 37 39 36 41 51 34 37 39 37 38 46 44 37 39 40 49 40 35 35 42 45 16 Los Angeles Madera Madera Madera Madera Madera Madera Marin Marin Marin Marin Marin Mendocino Mendocino Mendocino Mendocino Mendocino Merced Merced Merced Merced Merced Merced Merced Merced Merced Merced Merced Merced Merced Modoc Mono Mono Mono Mono Mono Monterey Monterey Monterey Monterey Monterey Monterey Monterey Monterey Monterey Monterey Monterey Monterey Monterey Monterey Monterey Monterey Napa Wilsona Elementary Madera COE Madera COE Madera Unified Madera Unified Yosemite Joint Union High Yosemite Joint Union High Marin COE Novato Unified San Rafael City High San Rafael City High Tamalpais Union High Mendocino COE Round Valley Unified Ukiah Unified Ukiah Unified Willits Unified Delhi Unified Dos Palos Oro Loma Joint Unified Hilmar Unified Hilmar Unified Los Banos Unified Merced City Elementary Merced COE Merced COE Merced COE Merced COE Merced COE Merced Union High Merced Union High Modoc COE Eastern Sierra Unified Eastern Sierra Unified Mammoth Unified Mono COE Mono COE Gonzales Unified Greenfield Union Elementary Greenfield Union Elementary King City Joint Union High King City Joint Union High King City Joint Union High Monterey COE Monterey COE Monterey Peninsula Unified Monterey Peninsula Unified North Monterey County Unified Salinas City Elementary Salinas Union High Salinas Union High Soledad Unified Soledad Unified Napa Valley Unified Wilsona Achievement Academy Pioneer Technical Center Enterprise Secondary Ripperdan High Mountain Vista High (Cont.) Mountain View High (Cont.) Ahwahnee High Marin County Juvenile Hall/Community Nexus Academy Madrone High (Cont.) San Rafael Community Day San Andreas High (Cont.) Mendocino County Community Round Valley Elementary Hopland Elementary South Valley High (Cont.) Sanhedrin High Shattuck Educational Park Continuation Westside High Colony Basic Skills Alternative High Irwin High (Cont.) San Luis High (Cont.) Newcomer Language Academy Merced County Special Education Valley Los Banos Community Day Valley Community Valley Atwater Community Day Valley Livingston Community Day Yosemite High (Cont.) Independence High (Alternative) Modoc County Special Education Sierra Charter Lee Vining High Sierra High (Cont.) Mono County Alternative/Opportunity Mono County Special Education Somavia High Vista Verde Middle Greenfield Elementary Greenfield High Ventana High (Cont.) Candy Butler High Wellington M. Smith, Jr. Salinas Community Learning for Life Charter Central Coast High Central Bay High (Cont.) Sherwood Elementary Alisal High Mount Toro High Pinnacles High Chalone High Valley Oak High 584 499 378 535 518 580 579 506 345 591 429 575 447 594 585 486 506 504 557 560 526 525 316 591 476 456 455 452 570 482 520 578 535 503 577 498 540 580 549 584 478 402 578 478 532 460 458 587 599 412 523 433 549 2042 2049 2056 2046 2048 2043 2043 2048 2057 2042 2053 2043 2052 2042 2042 2050 2048 2049 2045 2045 2047 2047 2058 2042 2050 2052 2052 2052 2044 2050 2048 2043 2046 2049 2043 2049 2046 2043 2045 2042 2050 2054 2043 2050 2047 2051 2051 2042 2041 2054 2047 2053 2045 35 42 49 39 41 36 36 41 50 35 46 36 45 35 35 43 41 42 38 38 40 40 51 35 43 45 45 45 37 43 41 36 39 42 36 42 39 36 38 35 43 47 36 43 40 44 44 35 34 47 40 46 38 17 Napa Nevada Nevada Nevada Orange Orange Orange Orange Orange Orange Orange Orange Orange Orange Orange Orange Orange Orange Orange Orange Orange Orange Orange Orange Placer Placer Placer Placer Placer Placer Riverside Riverside Riverside Riverside Riverside Riverside Riverside Riverside Riverside Riverside Riverside Riverside Riverside Riverside Riverside Riverside Riverside Riverside Riverside Riverside Riverside Riverside Riverside Napa COE Nevada COE Nevada Joint Union High Nevada Joint Union High Anaheim Union High Capistrano Unified Fullerton Joint Union High Fullerton Joint Union High Garden Grove Unified Huntington Beach Union High Huntington Beach Union High Irvine Unified Orange COE Orange COE Orange Unified Placentia-Yorba Linda Unified Saddleback Valley Unified Santa Ana Unified Santa Ana Unified Santa Ana Unified Santa Ana Unified Santa Ana Unified Santa Ana Unified Santa Ana Unified Placer Union High Placer COE Rocklin Unified Rocklin Unified Roseville Joint Union High Western Placer Unified Alvord Unified Beaumont Unified California School for the Deaf Coachella Valley Unified Coachella Valley Unified Coachella Valley Unified Coachella Valley Unified Coachella Valley Unified Coachella Valley Unified Coachella Valley Unified Coachella Valley Unified Coachella Valley Unified Coachella Valley Unified Coachella Valley Unified Coachella Valley Unified Coachella Valley Unified Corona-Norco Unified Corona-Norco Unified Corona-Norco Unified Corona-Norco Unified Corona-Norco Unified Hemet Unified Hemet Unified Napa County Community Nevada County Academy of Learning Silver Springs High (Cont.) Earle Jamieson High Polaris High (Alternative) Junipero Serra High La Vista High (Cont.) La Sierra High (Alternative) Hare (Marie L.) High HBUHSD Community Day Valley Vista High (Cont.) Creekside High Orange County Special Education Access Juvenile Hall Richland Continuation High El Camino Real Continuation Hi Silverado High Chavez (Cesar E.) High Valley High Century High Willard Intermediate Nova Academy Mountain View High (Cont.) Santa Ana Community Day Chana High (Cont.) Placer County Community Schools Victory High (Cont) Rocklin Independent (Alternative) Adelante High (Cont.) Phoenix High (Cont.) Alvord Continuation High Glen View High California School for the Deaf Duke (Bobby G.) Elementary Martinez (Saul) Elementary Mecca Elementary West Shores High Toro Canyon Middle Coachella Valley High Sea View Elementary Peter Pendleton Elementary Desert Mirage High Las Palmitas Elementary Oasis Elementary La Familia Continuation High Alternative Education Center Corona-Norco Alternative Norco Vista High Buena Vista High Centennial Vista High Orange Grove High Alessandro High Hemet Educational Learning Center 414 462 460 452 547 583 568 535 449 590 518 525 564 562 504 551 445 587 585 584 577 539 519 415 573 560 598 582 467 552 577 509 397 597 594 583 582 580 571 568 558 549 549 541 528 304 595 581 570 427 386 579 517 2054 2051 2051 2052 2046 2043 2044 2046 2052 2042 2048 2047 2044 2044 2049 2045 2052 2042 2042 2042 2043 2046 2048 2054 2043 2045 2041 2043 2051 2045 2043 2048 2055 2041 2042 2043 2043 2043 2044 2044 2045 2045 2045 2046 2047 2059 2041 2043 2044 2053 2055 2043 2048 47 44 44 45 39 36 37 39 45 35 41 40 37 37 42 38 45 35 35 35 36 39 41 47 36 38 34 36 44 38 36 41 48 34 35 36 36 36 37 37 38 38 38 39 40 52 34 36 37 46 48 36 41 18 Riverside Riverside Riverside Riverside Riverside Riverside Riverside Riverside Riverside Riverside Riverside Riverside Riverside Riverside Riverside Riverside Riverside Riverside Riverside Riverside Riverside Riverside Riverside Riverside Sacramento Sacramento Sacramento Sacramento Sacramento Sacramento Sacramento Sacramento Sacramento Sacramento Sacramento Sacramento Sacramento Sacramento Sacramento Sacramento Sacramento Sacramento Sacramento Sacramento Sacramento Sacramento Sacramento Sacramento Sacramento Sacramento Sacramento San Benito San Benito Jurupa Unified Jurupa Unified Lake Elsinore Unified Lake Elsinore Unified Moreno Valley Unified Moreno Valley Unified Moreno Valley Unified Moreno Valley Unified Moreno Valley Unified Moreno Valley Unified Murrieta Valley Unified Palm Springs Unified Palm Springs Unified Palm Springs Unified Perris Union High Perris Union High Riverside COE Riverside COE Riverside Unified Riverside Unified Riverside Unified San Jacinto Unified Val Verde Unified Val Verde Unified Center Joint Unified Elk Grove Unified Elk Grove Unified Elk Grove Unified Folsom-Cordova Unified Folsom-Cordova Unified Grant Joint Union High Grant Joint Union High Grant Joint Union High Grant Joint Union High Grant Joint Union High Grant Joint Union High Natomas Unified River Delta Joint Unified Sacramento City Unified Sacramento City Unified Sacramento City Unified Sacramento City Unified Sacramento City Unified Sacramento City Unified Sacramento COE Sacramento COE Sacramento COE Sacramento COE San Juan Unified San Juan Unified San Juan Unified San Benito COE San Benito COE Steps Community Day Rio Vista High Tri-Valley Community Day Ortega High Badger Springs Middle March Mountain High Bayside Community Day March Valley Arnold Heights Moreno Valley Community Learning Center Creekside High Desert Hot Springs High Mt. San Jacinto High Ramon Academy Perris Lake High (Cont.) Perris Union High Community Day Riverside County Alternative/Opportunity Riverside County Juvenile Court Raincross High (Cont.) Lincoln (Abraham) Continuation Opportunity Program San Jacinto Home Education Val Verde Student Success Academy Val Verde High (Cont) McClellan High (Cont.) Baker (Jessie) Calvine High Daylor (William) High (Cont.) Kinney High (Cont.) Mather Youth Academy (Commun. Day) Grant Union High Richmond (Miles P.) Community Collaborative Charter King (Martin Luther Jr) Junior High Vista Nueva Career & Technology High Nova Community Day Discovery High River Delta High/Elem (Alternative) Goethe (Charles M.) Middle Genesis High America's Choice American Legion High (Cont.) Anderson (Marian) - Therapeutic Center Success Academy El Centro Jr./Sr. High Sacramento County ED Special Education Palmiter Special Education Palmiter Community La Entrada Continuation High Ruff (Laurel) Center La Vista Center San Benito County Juvenile Hall/Community San Benito County Alternative/Opportunity 456 435 553 544 581 573 528 509 472 401 583 579 486 413 514 458 506 495 592 529 414 541 546 544 513 588 579 570 587 528 593 590 573 572 483 437 592 505 566 546 544 469 468 402 577 496 456 301 584 570 394 593 436 2052 2053 2045 2046 2043 2043 2047 2048 2051 2054 2043 2043 2050 2054 2048 2051 2048 2049 2042 2047 2054 2046 2046 2046 2048 2042 2043 2044 2042 2047 2042 2042 2043 2044 2050 2053 2042 2049 2044 2046 2046 2051 2051 2054 2043 2049 2052 2059 2042 2044 2055 2042 2053 45 46 38 39 36 36 40 41 44 47 36 36 43 47 41 44 41 42 35 40 47 39 39 39 41 35 36 37 35 40 35 35 36 37 43 46 35 42 37 39 39 44 44 47 36 42 45 52 35 37 48 35 46 19 San Benito San Bernardino San Bernardino San Bernardino San Bernardino San Bernardino San Bernardino San Bernardino San Bernardino San Bernardino San Bernardino San Bernardino San Bernardino San Bernardino San Bernardino San Bernardino San Bernardino San Bernardino San Bernardino San Bernardino San Bernardino San Bernardino San Bernardino San Bernardino San Bernardino San Bernardino San Bernardino San Bernardino San Bernardino San Bernardino San Bernardino San Bernardino San Bernardino San Bernardino San Bernardino San Bernardino San Bernardino San Bernardino San Bernardino San Bernardino San Bernardino San Bernardino San Bernardino San Bernardino San Bernardino San Bernardino San Bernardino San Diego San Diego San Diego San Diego San Diego San Diego San Benito High Apple Valley Unified Apple Valley Unified Baker Valley Unified Barstow Unified Bear Valley Unified Chaffey Joint Union High Chino Valley Unified Chino Valley Unified Colton Joint Unified Colton Joint Unified Fontana Unified Fontana Unified Fontana Unified Hesperia Unified Hesperia Unified Morongo Unified Oro Grande Elementary Oro Grande Elementary Rialto Unified Rialto Unified Rim of the World Unified San Bernardino City Unified San Bernardino City Unified San Bernardino City Unified San Bernardino City Unified San Bernardino City Unified San Bernardino City Unified San Bernardino City Unified San Bernardino City Unified San Bernardino City Unified San Bernardino City Unified San Bernardino City Unified San Bernardino City Unified San Bernardino City Unified San Bernardino COE San Bernardino COE San Bernardino COE San Bernardino COE Snowline Joint Unified Upland Unified Upland Unified Victor Valley Union High Victor Valley Union High Victor Valley Union High Victor Valley Union High Yucaipa-Calimesa Joint Unified Cajon Valley Union Elementary Escondido Union Elementary Escondido Union High Escondido Union High Fallbrook Union High Fallbrook Union High San Andreas Continuation High Apple Valley Alternative Educational Center Willow Park High Baker Elementary Central High (Cont.) Chautauqua High (Cont.) Chaffey Community Day Buena Vista Continuation High Chino Valley Learning Academy Bloomington High Slover Mountain High (Cont.) Birch High (Cont.) Citrus High (Cont.) Alternative Learning and Assessment Cent Desert Trails High (Alternative) Mojave High Monument Alternative/Continuation Sedona Charter Academy Mojave River Academy Milor Continuation High Zupanic High Rim Academy Del Vallejo Middle Warm Springs Elementary Arroyo Valley High Shandin Hills Middle San Bernardino High Anderson TMR Pacific High San Andreas High Inghram (Howard) Elementary ASA Charter STAR at Anderson Community Day Provisional Accelerated Learning (PAL) A YWCA Academy San Bernardino County Special Education East Valley Community Day Desert Mountain Community Day West End Community Day Eagle Summit Community Day Options for Youth - Upland Hillside High Victor Valley Home Academy High Desert Academy of Applied Arts & Sci. Goodwill High Matthews (Susie) Academy Community Day Cajon Valley Community Day Nicolaysen Community Day Center City High (Alt) Valley High (Cont.) Oasis High (Alternative) Ivy High (Cont.) 488 586 494 549 462 580 491 469 402 596 533 579 536 383 509 472 537 532 513 574 574 589 598 597 595 591 588 587 578 565 556 538 457 449 406 590 488 470 424 533 597 515 512 487 411 268 478 501 387 590 481 565 511 2050 2042 2049 2045 2051 2043 2049 2051 2054 2041 2047 2043 2046 2055 2048 2051 2046 2047 2048 2043 2043 2042 2041 2041 2041 2042 2042 2042 2043 2044 2045 2046 2051 2052 2054 2042 2050 2051 2053 2047 2041 2048 2048 2050 2054 2061 2050 2049 2055 2042 2050 2044 2048 43 35 42 38 44 36 42 44 47 34 40 36 39 48 41 44 39 40 41 36 36 35 34 34 34 35 35 35 36 37 38 39 44 45 47 35 43 44 46 40 34 41 41 43 47 54 43 42 48 35 43 37 41 20 San Diego San Diego San Diego San Diego San Diego San Diego San Diego San Diego San Diego San Diego San Diego San Diego San Diego San Diego San Diego San Diego San Diego San Diego San Diego San Diego San Diego San Diego San Diego San Diego San Diego San Diego San Diego San Diego San Diego San Diego San Diego San Diego San Diego San Diego San Diego San Diego San Diego San Diego San Diego San Diego San Diego San Francisco San Francisco San Francisco San Francisco San Francisco San Francisco San Francisco San Francisco San Francisco San Francisco San Francisco San Francisco Grossmont Union High Grossmont Union High Lakeside Union Elementary Mountain Empire Unified Oceanside Unified Oceanside Unified Poway Unified Ramona City Unified San Diego COE San Diego COE San Diego COE San Diego COE San Diego Unified San Diego Unified San Diego Unified San Diego Unified San Diego Unified San Diego Unified San Diego Unified San Diego Unified San Diego Unified San Diego Unified San Diego Unified San Diego Unified San Diego Unified San Diego Unified San Diego Unified San Diego Unified San Diego Unified San Dieguito Union High San Marcos Unified San Marcos Unified Sweetwater Union High Sweetwater Union High Sweetwater Union High Sweetwater Union High Sweetwater Union High Valley Center-Pauma Unified Valley Center-Pauma Unified Vista Unified Vista Unified San Francisco COE San Francisco COE San Francisco COE San Francisco Unified San Francisco Unified San Francisco Unified San Francisco Unified San Francisco Unified San Francisco Unified San Francisco Unified San Francisco Unified San Francisco Unified Chaparral High Grossmont Union High Special Education East County Academy of Learning Hillside Junior/Senior High Ocean Shores High (Cont.) Burgener (Clair W) Academy (Opportunity) Abraxas Continuation High Future Bound Independent Study Secondary Summit Schools South Region Community Day Schools Monarch Elementary Community Day Discovery Valley Fanno Academy Charter Gompers Charter Middle School of Business at San Diego High Edu. IFTIN Charter Mann School of Exploration Mann School of Expression School of Law & Business Industrial Design Engineering Academy Hoover Senior High School of Multimedia & Visual Arts at Cr Memorial Academy Charter Cortez Hill Academy Twain Junior/Senior High (Cont.) Garfield High Gompers Secondary Cultural Investigations in a Multicultur. New Dawn Sunset High (Cont.) Twin Oaks High Foothills High (Alt) Fifth Avenue Academy Palomar High MAAC Community Charter Sweetwater Community Day Alta Vista Academy All Tribes American Indian Charter Oak Glen High Sierra Vista High (Special Ed.) Vista Focus Academy SF County Alternative/Opportunity San Francisco County Community San Francisco County Special Education Everett Middle Chavez (Cesar) Elementary Twenty-First Century Academy O'Connell (John A.) High Mission High Muir (John) Elementary Mann (Horace) Middle Malcolm X Academy International Studies Academy 549 452 454 488 503 457 546 595 532 504 503 370 599 595 588 576 575 572 571 570 562 560 557 541 527 521 495 468 399 562 543 510 566 563 499 464 437 571 538 514 442 423 407 380 597 596 586 577 576 573 571 569 559 2045 2052 2052 2050 2049 2051 2046 2041 2047 2049 2049 2056 2041 2041 2042 2043 2043 2044 2044 2044 2044 2045 2045 2046 2047 2047 2049 2051 2055 2044 2046 2048 2044 2044 2049 2051 2053 2044 2046 2048 2052 2053 2054 2055 2041 2041 2042 2043 2043 2043 2044 2044 2045 38 45 45 43 42 44 39 34 40 42 42 49 34 34 35 36 36 37 37 37 37 38 38 39 40 40 42 44 48 37 39 41 37 37 42 44 46 37 39 41 45 46 47 48 34 34 35 36 36 36 37 37 38 21 San Francisco San Francisco San Francisco San Francisco San Francisco San Francisco San Francisco San Joaquin San Joaquin San Joaquin San Joaquin San Joaquin San Joaquin San Joaquin San Joaquin San Joaquin San Joaquin San Joaquin San Joaquin San Joaquin San Joaquin San Joaquin San Joaquin San Joaquin San Joaquin San Joaquin San Joaquin San Joaquin San Joaquin San Joaquin San Luis Obispo San Luis Obispo San Luis Obispo San Luis Obispo San Luis Obispo San Mateo San Mateo San Mateo San Mateo San Mateo San Mateo Santa Barbara Santa Barbara Santa Barbara Santa Barbara Santa Barbara Santa Barbara Santa Barbara Santa Barbara Santa Clara Santa Clara Santa Clara Santa Clara San Francisco Unified San Francisco Unified San Francisco Unified San Francisco Unified San Francisco Unified San Francisco Unified San Francisco Unified Escalon Unified Lincoln Unified Lodi Unified Lodi Unified Lodi Unified Lodi Unified Lodi Unified Manteca Unified Manteca Unified Manteca Unified New Jerusalem Elementary San Joaquin COE San Joaquin COE Stockton City Unified Stockton City Unified Stockton City Unified Stockton City Unified Stockton City Unified Stockton City Unified Stockton City Unified Stockton City Unified Tracy Joint Unified Tracy Joint Unified Atascadero Unified Lucia Mar Unified Paso Robles Joint Unified San Luis Coastal Unified San Luis Obispo Co. Off. of Ed Jefferson Union High Ravenswood City Elementary Ravenswood City Elementary Redwood City Elementary San Mateo Union High South San Francisco Unified Carpinteria Unified Casmalia Elementary Lompoc Unified Santa Barbara COE Santa Barbara High Santa Barbara High Santa Maria Joint Union High Santa Ynez Valley Union High Campbell Union High East Side Union High East Side Union High East Side Union High Independence High (Alternative) Jordan (June) School for Equity Davis (Gloria R.) Middle Life Learning Academy Charter #140 Wells (Ida B.) High (Continuation/Altern.) Downtown High (Cont.) Mission Education Center Vista High (Cont.) Larsson (Sture) High (Cont.) Heritage Elementary Independence Henderson Community Day Liberty High Plaza Robles Continuation High New Vision High Manteca Community Day (7-12) Calla High New Jerusalem Charter Venture Academy San Joaquin County Community Alexander Hamilton Elementary Roosevelt Elementary Edison High Webster Middle Franklin Senior High Golden Valley Secondary Community Day Urbani (James L.) Language Development Stockton Unified Alternative/Continuation Success High Delta Island Elementary Del Rio Continuation High Lopez Continuation High Paso Robles Independent Study Center Pacific Beach High San Luis Obispo County Community Thornton High Forty-Niners Academy Green Oaks Newcomer Academy Peninsula High Continuation Baden High (Cont.) Rincon High (Cont.) Wollam (Winifred) Elementary Maple High Santa Barbara County Community La Cuesta Continuation High Dos Pueblos Continuation High Delta High Refugio High Boynton High Latino College Preparatory Academy Lick (James) High Escuela Popular Accelerated Family Learn 531 517 507 483 477 409 302 559 594 587 586 538 526 482 540 483 468 490 585 490 595 586 575 572 565 465 392 360 595 572 533 578 599 552 461 538 581 569 381 534 429 420 543 469 442 536 476 570 535 529 588 588 569 2047 2048 2048 2050 2050 2054 2059 2045 2042 2042 2042 2046 2047 2050 2046 2050 2051 2050 2042 2050 2041 2042 2043 2044 2044 2051 2055 2056 2041 2044 2047 2043 2041 2045 2051 2046 2043 2044 2055 2047 2053 2053 2046 2051 2052 2046 2050 2044 2046 2047 2042 2042 2044 40 41 41 43 43 47 52 38 35 35 35 39 40 43 39 43 44 43 35 43 34 35 36 37 37 44 48 49 34 37 40 36 34 38 44 39 36 37 48 40 46 46 39 44 45 39 43 37 39 40 35 35 37 22 Santa Clara Santa Clara Santa Clara Santa Clara Santa Clara Santa Clara Santa Clara Santa Clara Santa Clara Santa Clara Santa Clara Santa Clara Santa Clara Santa Clara Santa Clara Santa Clara Santa Clara Santa Cruz Santa Cruz Santa Cruz Santa Cruz Santa Cruz Santa Cruz Santa Cruz Shasta Shasta Shasta Shasta Shasta Shasta Shasta Solano Solano Solano Solano Solano Solano Solano Solano Sonoma Sonoma Sonoma Sonoma Sonoma Sonoma Sonoma Sonoma Sonoma Sonoma Sonoma Sonoma Sonoma Stanislaus East Side Union High Gilroy Unified Gilroy Unified Gilroy Unified Morgan Hill Unified Mountain View-Los Altos Union Oak Grove Elementary San Jose Unified San Jose Unified San Jose Unified San Jose Unified San Jose Unified San Jose Unified San Jose Unified San Jose Unified Santa Clara COE Santa Clara COE Pajaro Valley Unified Pajaro Valley Unified Pajaro Valley Unified Pajaro Valley Unified Santa Cruz City High Santa Cruz City High Santa Cruz COE Anderson Union High Fall River Joint Unified Gateway Unified Shasta COE Shasta COE Shasta COE Shasta Union High Benicia Unified Fairfield-Suisun Unified Fairfield-Suisun Unified Solano COE Solano COE Travis Unified Vallejo City Unified Vallejo City Unified Cotati-Rohnert Park Unified Cotati-Rohnert Park Unified Healdsburg Unified Petaluma City Schools Petaluma City Schools Piner-Olivet Union Elementary Santa Rosa City Schools Santa Rosa City Schools Santa Rosa City Schools Sonoma COE Sonoma Valley Unified West Sonoma County Union High Windsor Unified Ceres Unified MACSA Academia Calmecac Mt. Madonna High MACSA El Portal Leadership Academy Gilroy Community Day Central High (Cont.) Alta Vista High The Academy San Jose High Academy Plus Lincoln Plus High Pioneer Plus (Cont.) Liberty High (Alternative) Broadway High (Cont.) Leland Plus (Cont.) San Jose Community High San Jose Community Middle Leadership Public Schools - East San Jose County Community Ohlone Elementary Alianza Charter Pajaro Valley High New School Community Day Delta Charter Costanoa Continuation High Santa Cruz County Community North Valley High Mountain View High (Cont.) Mountain Lakes High Oasis Comm./Educational Resource Center Shasta County Special Education Shasta County Alternative/Opportunity Academic Options Liberty High Sem Yeto Continuation High Mary Bird Secondary Community Day Solano County Community Solano Juvenile Hall Travis Education Center High Community Day Peoples High (Cont.) El Camino High Community Day Marce Becerra Academy San Antonio High Crossroads Career Academy at Piner-Olivet Ridgeway High (Cont.) Grace High Lewis Opportunity Sonoma County Alternative Education Prog. Creekside High Nuevo Leon High (Cont.) Windsor Oaks Academy Argus High (Cont.) 536 581 523 413 468 508 552 565 542 532 529 492 492 355 309 506 468 588 577 556 548 598 504 584 574 522 562 455 453 451 530 514 562 386 599 540 576 408 364 537 429 591 485 471 540 584 518 461 460 399 473 447 468 2046 2043 2047 2054 2051 2048 2045 2044 2046 2047 2047 2049 2049 2057 2058 2048 2051 2042 2043 2045 2045 2041 2049 2042 2043 2047 2044 2052 2052 2052 2047 2048 2044 2055 2041 2046 2043 2054 2056 2046 2053 2042 2050 2051 2046 2042 2048 2051 2051 2055 2051 2052 2051 39 36 40 47 44 41 38 37 39 40 40 42 42 50 51 41 44 35 36 38 38 34 42 35 36 40 37 45 45 45 40 41 37 48 34 39 36 47 49 39 46 35 43 44 39 35 41 44 44 48 44 45 44 23 Stanislaus Stanislaus Stanislaus Stanislaus Stanislaus Stanislaus Stanislaus Stanislaus Stanislaus Stanislaus Stanislaus Stanislaus Stanislaus Sutter Sutter Sutter Sutter Tehama Tehama Tehama Tehama Tehama Trinity Tulare Tulare Tulare Tulare Tulare Tulare Tulare Tulare Tulare Tulare Tulare Tulare Tulare Tulare Tulare Tulare Tulare Tulare Tulare Tulare Tulare Tulare Tulare Tulare Tulare Tulare Tuolumne Ventura Ventura Ventura Ceres Unified Denair Unified Modesto City High Newman-Crows Landing Unified Oakdale Joint Unified Oakdale Joint Unified Patterson Joint Unified Riverbank Unified Stanislaus COE Stanislaus COE Stanislaus COE Turlock Unified Turlock Unified Marcum-Illinois Union Elemen. Sutter COE Sutter COE Yuba City Unified Corning Union High Mineral Elementary Red Bluff Joint Union High Red Bluff Joint Union High Tehama COE Trinity COE Allensworth Elementary Alpaugh Unified Citrus South Tule Elementary Cutler-Orosi Joint Unified Cutler-Orosi Joint Unified Cutler-Orosi Joint Unified Dinuba Unified Exeter Union High Farmersville Unified Lindsay Unified Porterville Unified Porterville Unified Stone Corral Elementary Tulare COE Tulare COE Tulare COE Tulare Joint Union High Tulare Joint Union High Tulare Joint Union High Tulare Joint Union High Visalia Unified Visalia Unified Visalia Unified Visalia Unified Visalia Unified Woodlake Union High Sonora Union High Conejo Valley Unified Ojai Unified Oxnard Elementary Endeavor Alternative Denair Charter Academy Elliott (Robert) Alternative Education C Newman-Crows Landing Independent Study East Stanislaus High Valley Oak High (Alternative) Del Puerto High Adelante High Stanislaus County Special Education Allard (John B.) Petersen Alternative Center Roselawn High Freedom Alternative High South Sutter Charter Sutter County Special Education Sutter County Alternative/Opportunity Yuba City Charter High Centennial Continuation High Mineral Charter Salisbury High (Cont.) Red Bluff Independent Study High Tehama County Special Education Trinity County Special Education Allensworth Elementary Central California Connections Academy Citrus South Tule Elementary Lovell High Esperanza High (Independent Study) Yettem Continuation High Sierra Vista High (Cont.) Kaweah High Deep Creek Academy Cairns (John J.) Continuation Prospect Education Center Citrus High Stone Corral Elementary Tulare County Court La Sierra High Tulare County Community Tulare Technical Preparatory High Sierra Vista High Countryside Community Day Valley High Highland Elementary Visalia Charter Independent Study Sequoia High River Bend (OH) Charter Alternatives Academy Bravo Lake High Cassina (Dario) High Conejo Valley High (Cont.) Chaparral High Nueva Vista Intermediate 457 512 542 497 511 509 576 495 509 441 421 558 506 543 539 537 558 533 520 532 516 505 426 584 577 552 563 436 342 506 524 589 453 588 475 577 586 531 451 511 499 492 421 585 539 525 451 429 524 489 579 578 389 2051 2048 2046 2049 2048 2048 2043 2049 2048 2052 2053 2045 2048 2046 2046 2046 2045 2047 2048 2047 2048 2049 2053 2042 2043 2045 2044 2053 2057 2048 2047 2042 2052 2042 2050 2043 2042 2047 2052 2048 2049 2049 2053 2042 2046 2047 2052 2053 2047 2050 2043 2043 2055 44 41 39 42 41 41 36 42 41 45 46 38 41 39 39 39 38 40 41 40 41 42 46 35 36 38 37 46 50 41 40 35 45 35 43 36 35 40 45 41 42 42 46 35 39 40 45 46 40 43 36 36 48 24 Ventura Ventura Ventura Ventura Ventura Ventura Ventura Ventura Ventura Ventura Yolo Yolo Yolo Yolo Yolo Yuba Yuba Yuba Yuba Yuba Yuba Yuba Oxnard Union High Oxnard Union High Rio Elementary Simi Valley Unified Simi Valley Unified Ventura COE Ventura COE Ventura Unified Ventura Unified Ventura Unified Washington Unified Washington Unified Woodland Joint Unified Yolo COE Yolo COE Marysville Joint Unified Marysville Joint Unified Marysville Joint Unified Plumas Lake Elementary Yuba COE Yuba COE Yuba COE Frontier High Puente High Rio Del Mar Monte Vista Apollo High Vista Real Charter High Gateway County Community Buena Vista High Pacific High Ventura Islands High West Sacramento School for Independent S. Yolo High Cache Creek High (Cont.) Yolo County Special Education Yolo County Community North Marysville Continuation High Lincoln (Abraham) (Alternative) South Lindhurst Continuation High Plumas Lake Charter Yuba County Career Preparatory Charter Yuba County Special Education Yuba County Juvenile Hall/Community 550 515 584 587 501 561 509 480 441 419 565 449 569 590 379 530 513 464 447 528 527 468 2045 2048 2042 2042 2049 2044 2048 2050 2052 2054 2044 2052 2044 2042 2055 2047 2048 2051 2052 2047 2047 2051 38 41 35 35 42 37 41 43 45 47 37 45 37 35 48 40 41 44 45 40 40 44 Source: Author’s table based on California Department of Education, API Data Files, February 20, 2008, and API growth rates. Notes: 1. Calculations represent schoolwide growth targets only, not student sub-group rates. This exclusion may underestimate the length of time it will take to meet the minimum API performance target of 800. 2. Schools with an API below the state goal of 800 must meet annual schoolwide growth targets as follows: 200690, growth equal to five percent of the difference between the API base and 800; 691-795, five points; 796, four points; 797, three points; 798, two points; and 799, one point. 25 Endnotes: U.S. Department of Education, “Mapping California's Educational Progress 2008,” January 8, 2008, http://www.ed.gov/nclb/accountability/results/progress/ca.html. 2 California Department of Education, California School Recognition Program website, http://www.cde.ca.gov/ta/sr/cs/. This analysis includes the 343 California Distinguished Elementary Schools announced on April 9, 2008; and the 171 middle and high schools announced on April 16, 2007. Three elementary schools and two middle schools did not report CST scores and are therefore excluded from this analysis. “This year, the selection criteria for the Distinguished School program were more stringent than ever,” according to the California Department of Education. See “Schools Chief O’Connell Announces 2008 California Distinguished Schools,” April 9, 2008, California Department of Education News Release #08-45, http://www.cde.ca.gov/nr/ne/yr08/yr08rel45.asp. According to Superintendent Jack O’Connell, “These middle and high schools have shown they are able to meet the challenge of providing their students with the kind of rigorous education that is essential to their future success in the classroom and the workplace.” See “Schools Chief Jack O’Connell Announces 2007 California Distinguished Schools,” April 16, 2007, California Department of Education news Release #07-53, http://www.cde.ca.gov/nr/ne/yr07/yr07rel53.asp. 3 Author’s average based on California Department of Education 2006-07 California Standards Test results for grades two through 11. 4 Author’s analysis of schools with a 2007 API score below 600, 860 out of 9,577 schools (8.98 percent). Their API scores range from 268 to 599. Schools in those ranges will not meet the minimum API performance level of 800 until 2041 to 2061 based on the state’s annual growth targets. California Department of Education, API Data Files, February 20, 2008. Schools with an API below the state goal of 800 must meet annual schoolwide growth targets as follows: 200-690, growth equal to five percent of the difference between the API base and 800; 691-795, five points; 796, four points; 797, three points; 798, two points; and 799, one point. See California Department of Education, “API Description” website, http://www.cde.ca.gov/ta/ac/ap/apidescription.asp. See also James S. Lanich, Lance T. Izumi, and Xiaochin Yan, Failing Our Future: The Holes in California’s School Accountability System and How to Fix Them (San Francisco: Pacific Research Institute), October 1, 2006. 5 Florida, along with 14 other states, also has a mandatory open-enrollment policy allowing students in lowperforming schools to transfer to better public schools outside their resident district. Another 10 states have general intradistrict mandatory open enrollment policies that parents can use to enroll their children elsewhere if they are dissatisfied with their children’s academic progress. See Education Commission of the States, Open Enrollment Database, “50 State Report.” 6 Milton and Rose D. Friedman Foundation, ABCs of School Choice, 2007-2008 Edition (Indianapolis: Friedman Foundation for School choice, 2008). 7 Under the Opportunity Scholarship Program, students in schools deemed failing by the state twice within a four-year period are eligible to transfer to a better public school. As of the 2007-08 school year, approximately 22,690 students enrolled in failing Florida public schools were eligible for the Opportunity Scholarship Program. Of those, 1,305 transferred to other public schools. An estimated 740 additional students attended private schools using Florida tax-credit scholarships. Thus, less than 10 percent of eligible students (nine percent) participated in the program. Author’s participation estimates based on data from the Florida Department of Education, “Opportunity Scholarship Eligible Schools, 2006-07” and “Fast Facts & Program Statistics;” National Center for Education Statistics enrollment data for 2005-06 (the latest available), and Greg Forster, “Lost Opportunity: An Empirical analysis of How Vouchers Affected Florida Public Schools,” Friedman Foundation for Educational Choice, the Foundation for Excellence in Education, and the James Madison institute, March 2008, Table 1. 8 Jay P. Greene and Marcus A. Winters, “When Schools Compete: The Effects of Vouchers on Florida Public School Achievement,” Manhattan Institute, Education Working Paper No. 2, August 2003. For a summary of this research, see Forster, “Lost Opportunity,” 2008. For additional research on public and private scholarship programs, see Robert C. Enlow and Matt Ladner, “School Choice: A Reform that Works,” American Legislative Exchange Council, January 2005, p. 5. 9 Approximately seven percent of the 100,000 eligible students are participating. School Choice Ohio, “Tax-Supported Scholarships in Ohio.” See also, Ohio Department of Education, “Ed Choice Scholarship Program;” Greg Forster and Matthew Carr, “Lessons for Improving Ohio’s EdChoice Voucher Program,” Buckeye Institute Policy Brief No. 7, July 13, 2006; Friedman Foundation, ABCs of School Choice, 20072008 Edition; and ABCs of School Choice, 2006-2007 Edition. 1 26 10 For a summary of the research on the Dayton and Cleveland scholarship programs, see Enlow and Ladner, “School Choice: A Reform that Works,” 2005, p. 5. See also the Center for Research and Learning Technology, Indiana University, for all official annual evaluations. 11 Clive R. Belfield and Henry M. Levin, “The Effects of Competition on Educational Outcomes: A Review of the US Evidence,” Review of Educational Research, 72(2), March 2002, pp. 279-341. See also Paul Teske and Mark Schneider, “What Research Can Tell Policy Makers about School Choice,” Journal of Policy Analysis and Management (Fall 2001): 609-31. 12 Author’s revised per-pupil funding based on $2,490 ($3,021) in 2000 dollars is adjusted to reflect 2007 inflation-adjusted dollars. Household income of $6,405 ($7,741) in 2000 dollars adjusted by author to reflect 2007 inflation-adjusted dollars. See Greene, “2001 Education Freedom Index,” Manhattan Institute Civic Report 24, January 2002, p. 8. 13 U.S. Department of Education, No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 Annual Report to Congress, February 2005, p. 13. 14 California Department of Education, “Title I, Part A School Choice,” http://www.cde.ca.gov/ta/ac/ti/schoolchoice.asp. 15 Author’s analysis of National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) “Public School District” and “Public School” locator data, March 31, 2008. 16 Jay P. Green and Marcus A. Winters, “The Effect of Residential School Choice on Public High School Graduation Rates,” Manhattan Institute Education Working Paper 9, April 2005. 17 Author’s telephone conversation with Greg Wolf, Learning Support & Partnership Division, California Department of Education, May 9, 2007. Also, “Transfer requests cannot be denied for lack of classroom capacity, according to federal regulations.” See Marie S. Shaul, No Child Left Behind Act; Education Needs to Provide Additional Technical Assistance and Conduct Implementation Studies for School Choice Provision, Report to the Secretary of Education, (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Accountability Office, December 2004), GAO-05-07, pp. 1, 7-8. 18 Author’s calculation based on data provided by the California Department of Education on February 28, 2008. 19 Shaul, No Child Left Behind Act, 2004, p. 45. 20 California Department of Education, “California Accountability Workbook” website, Attachments I – L, http://www.cde.ca.gov/nclb/sr/sa/wb.asp; and EdSource on Annual Measurable Objectives (AMO), “California's School Accountability System Under the Federal No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB),” August 2007. 21 Author’s analysis. See n. 4 above and Appendix C. 22 U.S. GAO, No Child Left Behind Act: Education Actions Could Improve the Targeting of School Improvement Funds to Schools Most in Need of Assistance, Report to Congress (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Accountability Office, February 2008), GAO-08-380, pp. 3, 23, 32, and 49. 23 Alliance for School Choice, “Coalition Demands Secretary Spellings Enforce No Child Left Behind Transfer Provisions,” News Release, January 30, 2007; and Clint Bolick, “Four Million Children Left Behind,” Wall Street Journal, September 7, 2007. 24 David B. Muhlhausen, “School Choice and Supplemental Services: Administration Slow to Hold School Districts Accountable Under NCLB,” The Heritage Foundation, Web Memo #1041, April 18, 2006. 25 Bolick, “Four Million Children Left Behind,” 2007. 26 Cynthia G. Brown et al., Choosing Better Schools: A Report on Student Transfers Under the No Child Left Behind Act, Citizens Commission on Civil Rights, May 2004, pp. 58, 62, 64-65, and 69. See also Marie S. Shaul, No Child Left Behind Act; 2004); the remarks of Richard Lee Colvin, director of the Hechinger Institute at Columbia University’s Teachers College, at the American Enterprise Institute (AEI) conference “Leaving No Child Behind: Options for Kids in Failing Schools,” Washington, D.C., January 15-16, 2004; cf. “Public School Choice: An Overview,” in Frederick M. Hess and Chester E. Finn, Jr., eds. Leaving No Child Behind: Options for Kids in Failing Schools (New York: Palgrave/MacMillan 2004); “Spellings Test,” Wall Street Journal editorial, March 24, 2006; Margaret Spellings, “School System Improves Under Our Bright Light,” Wall Street Journal, April 5, 2006; Muhlhausen, “School Choice and Supplemental Services,” 2006; Sam Dillon, “Most States Fail Demands in Education Law,” New York Times, July 25, 2006; Star Parker, “Where’s the Courage in Education Reform?” Coalition on Urban Renewal and Education (CURE), September 4, 2006; Coalition Letter to The Honorable Margaret Spellings, Secretary, United States Department of Education, January 23, 2007; Alliance for School Choice, “Coalition Demands Secretary Spellings Enforce No Child Left Behind Transfer Provisions,” News Release, January 30, 2007; Bolick, “Four Million Children Left Behind,” 2007. 27 Brown et al., Choosing Better Schools, p. 58. 28 Ibid., pp. 62. 29 Ibid., pp. 64-65. Quotation on p. 65. 27