NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS NWFSC The U S West

NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-NWFSC-87 The 2004 U.S. West Coast Bottom Trawl Survey of Groundfish Resources off Washington, Oregon, and California: Estimates of Distribution, Abundance, and Length Composition December 2007 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Marine Fisheries Service NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS Series The Northwest Fisheries Science Center of the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, uses the NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS series to issue informal scientific and technical publications when complete formal review and editorial processing are not appropriate or feasible due to time constraints. Documents published in this series may be referenced in the scientific and technical literature. The NMFS-NWFSC Technical Memorandum series of the Northwest Fisheries Science Center continues the NMFSF/NWC series established in 1970 by the Northwest & Alaska Fisheries Science Center, which has since been split into the Northwest Fisheries Science Center and the Alaska Fisheries Science Center. The NMFS-AFSC Technical Memorandum series is now being used by the Alaska Fisheries Science Center. Reference throughout this document to trade names does not imply endorsement by the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. This document should be cited as follows: Keller, A.A., B.H. Horness, V.H. Simon, V.J. Tuttle, J.R. Wallace, E.L. Fruh, K.L. Bosley, D.J. Kamikawa, and J.C. Buchanan. 2007. The 2004 U.S. West Coast bottom trawl survey of groundfish resources off Washington, Oregon, and California: Estimates of distribution, abundance, and length composition. U.S. Dept. Commer., NOAA Tech. Memo. NMFS-NWFSC-87, 134 p. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-NWFSC-87 The 2004 U.S. West Coast Bottom Trawl Survey of Groundfish Resources off Washington, Oregon, and California: Estimates of Distribution, Abundance, and Length Composition Aimee A. Keller, Beth H. Horness, Victor H. Simon, Vanessa J. Tuttle, John R. Wallace, Erica L. Fruh, Keith L. Bosley, Dan J. Kamikawa, and John C. Buchanan Northwest Fisheries Science Center Fishery Resource Analysis and Monitoring Division 2725 Montlake Boulevard East Seattle, Washington 98112 December 2007 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Marine Fisheries Service Most NOAA Technical Memorandums NMFS-NWFSC are available online at the Northwest Fisheries Science Center web site (http://www.nwfsc.noaa.gov) Copies are also available from: National Technical Information Service 5285 Port Royal Road Springfield, VA 22161 phone orders (1-800-553-6847) e-mail orders (orders@ntis.fedworld.gov) ii Table of Contents List of Figures ............................................................................................................................................... v List of Tables ...............................................................................................................................................ix Executive Summary .....................................................................................................................................xi Acknowledgments......................................................................................................................................xiii Introduction................................................................................................................................................... 1 Survey Methods ............................................................................................................................................ 4 Survey Period and Sampling Area............................................................................................................ 4 Vessels and Sampling Gear ...................................................................................................................... 4 Trawl Station Allocation .......................................................................................................................... 6 Trawling Protocol ..................................................................................................................................... 7 Sampling Procedures and Biological Data Collection.............................................................................. 9 Survey Analysis .......................................................................................................................................... 10 Sensor Data............................................................................................................................................. 10 Net Mensuration ..................................................................................................................................... 11 Area Estimates........................................................................................................................................ 12 Temperature............................................................................................................................................ 12 Relative Density and Biomass Estimates ............................................................................................... 13 Results......................................................................................................................................................... 14 Haul, Catch, and Biological Data ........................................................................................................... 14 Temperature Data ................................................................................................................................... 43 Relative Density and Distribution of Species ......................................................................................... 43 Biomass and Population Estimates......................................................................................................... 56 Size Compositions .................................................................................................................................. 92 Weight-length Relationships ................................................................................................................ 128 Length-age Relations............................................................................................................................ 128 Analysis Approach and Data Requests................................................................................................. 132 References................................................................................................................................................. 133 iii iv List of Figures Figure 1. Map showing extent of the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey and the location of completed stations......................................................................................................................................... 3 Figure 2. Detailed diagram of the NWFSC Aberdeen-style sampling trawl, including descriptions of dimensions, materials, mesh sizes, and mesh counts .................................................................................... 5 Figure 3. Footrope for the NWFSC Aberdeen-style sampling trawl ........................................................... 6 Figure 4. Mean net width and height for trawls conducted as part of the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey................................................................................................................................................. 16 Figure 5. Near bottom temperature observed at the mouth of the net for each tow conducted during the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey ............................................................................................ 50 Figure 6. Sea surface temperature observed at the start of each tow during the 2004 NWFSC West Coast groundfish trawl survey .................................................................................................................... 51 Figure 7. Arrowtooth flounder distribution and relative abundance from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. ............................................................................................................................. 57 Figure 8. Blackgill rockfish distribution and relative abundance from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey................................................................................................................................................. 58 Figure 9. Bocaccio distribution and relative abundance from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey.......................................................................................................................................................... 59 Figure 10. Canary rockfish distribution and relative abundance from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey................................................................................................................................................. 60 Figure 11. Chilipepper rockfish distribution and relative abundance from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. ............................................................................................................................. 61 Figure 12. Darkblotched rockfish distribution and relative abundance from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. ............................................................................................................................. 62 Figure 13. Dover sole distribution and relative abundance from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey.......................................................................................................................................................... 63 Figure 14. English sole distribution and relative abundance from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey................................................................................................................................................. 64 Figure 15. Giant grenadier distribution and relative abundance from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey................................................................................................................................................. 65 Figure 16. Grooved tanner crab distribution and relative abundance from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. ............................................................................................................................. 66 Figure 17. Lingcod distribution and relative abundance from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey.......................................................................................................................................................... 67 Figure 18. Longnose skate distribution and relative abundance from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey................................................................................................................................................. 68 v Figure 19. Longspine thornyhead distribution and relative abundance from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. ............................................................................................................................. 69 Figure 20. Pacific grenadier distribution and relative abundance from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey................................................................................................................................................. 70 Figure 21. Pacific hake distribution and relative abundance from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey................................................................................................................................................. 71 Figure 22. Pacific ocean perch distribution and relative abundance from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. ............................................................................................................................. 72 Figure 23. Pacific sanddab distribution and relative abundance from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey................................................................................................................................................. 73 Figure 24. Petrale sole distribution and relative abundance from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey................................................................................................................................................. 74 Figure 25. Rex sole distribution and relative abundance from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey.......................................................................................................................................................... 75 Figure 26. Sablefish distribution and relative abundance from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey.......................................................................................................................................................... 76 Figure 27. Sharpchin rockfish distribution and relative abundance from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. ............................................................................................................................. 77 Figure 28. Shortbelly rockfish distribution and relative abundance from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. ............................................................................................................................. 78 Figure 29. Shortspine thornyhead distribution and relative abundance from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. ............................................................................................................................. 79 Figure 30. Spiny dogfish distribution and relative abundance from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey................................................................................................................................................. 80 Figure 31. Splitnose rockfish distribution and relative abundance from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. ............................................................................................................................. 81 Figure 32. Spotted ratfish distribution and relative abundance from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey................................................................................................................................................. 82 Figure 33. Stripetail rockfish distribution and relative abundance from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. ............................................................................................................................. 83 Figure 34. Widow rockfish distribution and relative abundance from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey................................................................................................................................................. 84 Figure 35. Yellowtail rockfish distribution and relative abundance from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. ............................................................................................................................. 85 Figure 36. Unweighted length-frequency data and mean lengths of Dover sole by depth stratum for all INPFC areas sampled from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey........................................... 99 Figure 37. Unweighted length-frequency data and mean lengths of Dover sole by depth stratum for the INPFC Conception area from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. ................................... 100 Figure 38. Unweighted length-frequency data and mean lengths of Dover sole by depth stratum for the INPFC Monterey area from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. ...................................... 101 vi Figure 39. Unweighted length-frequency data and mean lengths of Dover sole by depth stratum for the INPFC Eureka area from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey ........................................... 102 Figure 40. Unweighted length-frequency data and mean lengths of Dover sole by depth stratum for the INPFC Columbia area from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey ....................................... 103 Figure 41. Unweighted length-frequency data and mean lengths of Dover sole by depth stratum for the INPFC U.S.-Vancouver area from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey............................. 104 Figure 42. Unweighted length-frequency data and mean lengths of longspine thornyhead by depth stratum for all INPFC areas sampled during the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey.................... 105 Figure 43. Unweighted length-frequency data and mean lengths of longspine thornyhead by depth stratum for the Conception INPFC area from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey.................. 106 Figure 44. Unweighted length-frequency data and mean lengths of longspine thornyhead by depth stratum for the Monterey INPFC area from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey..................... 107 Figure 45. Unweighted length-frequency data and mean lengths of longspine thornyhead by depth stratum for the Eureka INPFC area from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey......................... 108 Figure 46. Unweighted length-frequency data and mean lengths of longspine thornyhead by depth stratum for the Columbia INPFC area from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey .................... 109 Figure 47. Unweighted length-frequency data and mean lengths of longspine thornyhead by depth stratum for the U.S.-Vancouver INPFC area from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey .......... 110 Figure 48. Unweighted length-frequency data and mean lengths of sexed longspine thornyhead by INPFC area during the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey........................................................... 111 Figure 49. Unweighted length-frequency data and mean lengths of sablefish by depth stratum for all INPFC areas sampled from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey.............................................. 112 Figure 50. Unweighted length-frequency data and mean lengths of sablefish by depth stratum for the INPFC Conception area from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey .......................................... 113 Figure 51. Unweighted length-frequency data and mean lengths of sablefish by depth stratum for the INPFC Monterey area from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey ............................................. 114 Figure 52. Unweighted length-frequency data and mean lengths of sablefish by depth stratum for the INPFC Eureka area from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. ................................................ 115 Figure 53. Unweighted length-frequency data and mean lengths of sablefish by depth stratum for the INPFC Columbia area from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey............................................. 116 Figure 54. Unweighted length-frequency data and mean lengths of sablefish by depth stratum for the INPFC U.S.-Vancouver area from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey................................... 117 Figure 55. Unweighted length-frequency data and mean lengths of shortspine thornyhead by depth stratum for all INPFC areas sampled during the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey.................... 118 Figure 56. Unweighted length-frequency data and mean lengths of shortspine thornyhead by depth stratum for the INPFC Conception area from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey.................. 119 Figure 57. Unweighted length-frequency data and mean lengths of shortspine thornyhead by depth stratum for the INPFC Monterey area from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey..................... 120 Figure 58. Unweighted length-frequency data and mean lengths of shortspine thornyhead by depth stratum for the INPFC Eureka area from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey......................... 121 vii Figure 59. Unweighted length-frequency data and mean lengths of shortspine thornyhead by depth stratum for the INPFC Columbia area from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey .................... 122 Figure 60. Unweighted length-frequency data and mean lengths of shortspine thornyhead by depth stratum for the INPFC U.S.-Vancouver area from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. ......... 123 Figure 61. Unweighted length-frequency data and mean lengths of sexed shortspine thornyhead by INPFC area during the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey........................................................... 124 Figure 62. Unweighted length-frequency data and mean lengths of spiny dogfish, arrowtouth flounder, Pacific sanddab, California skate, curlfin sole, petrale sole, longnose skate, English sole, and rex sole by sex for all depths and all INPFC areas sampled from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey............................................................................................................................................... 125 Figure 63. Unweighted length-frequency data and mean lengths of Pacific grenadier, aurora rockfish, chilipepper rockfish, lingcod, bocaccio, darkblotched rockfish, Pacific hake, canary rockfish, and greenspotted rockfish by sex for all depths and all INPFC areas sampled from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. ........................................................................................................ 126 Figure 64. Unweighted length-frequency data and mean lengths of greenstriped rockfish, rosethorn rockfish, splitnose rockfish, halfbanded rockfish, sharpchin rockfish, stripetail rockfish, Pacific ocean perch, shortbelly rockfish, and yellowtail rockfish by sex for all depths and all INPFC areas sampled from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. .................................................................. 127 Figure 65. Von Bertalanffy growth models for male and female Dover sole, canary rockfish, petrale sole, darkblotched rockfish, lingcod, Pacific ocean perch, sablefish, and yellowtail rockfish from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. ............................................................................................... 131 viii List of Tables Table 1. Latitude boundaries, depth stratum areas, and sampling densities by INPFC statistical area based on successful tows during the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey........................................ 15 Table 2. Number of individual length measurements and age structures collected by species during the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. ........................................................................................... 17 Table 3. Frequency of occurrence, depth, and latitudinal ranges for fish and invertebrate species caught during the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. .................................................................... 18 Table 4. Number of length-frequency measurements collected by stratum for the most frequently sampled groundfish species during the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey for all INPFC areas combined..................................................................................................................................................... 44 Table 5. Number of length-frequency measurements collected by stratum for the most frequently sampled groundfish species during the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey for the INPFC Conception area. ......................................................................................................................................... 45 Table 6. Number of length-frequency measurements collected by stratum for the most frequently sampled groundfish species during the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey for the INPFC Monterey area. ............................................................................................................................................ 46 Table 7. Number of length-frequency measurements collected by stratum for the most frequently sampled groundfish species during the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey for the INPFC Eureka area.................................................................................................................................................. 47 Table 8. Number of length-frequency measurements collected by stratum for the most frequently sampled groundfish species during the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey for the INPFC Columbia area. ............................................................................................................................................ 48 Table 9. Number of length-frequency measurements collected by stratum for the most frequently sampled groundfish species during the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey for the INPFC U.S.-Vancouver area. .................................................................................................................................. 49 Table 10. Mean CPUE of the 20 most abundant groundfish and selected crab species caught in each of the INPFC areas for all strata combined during the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. ........... 52 Table 11. Mean CPUE of the 20 most abundant groundfish and selected crab species caught by depth strata in all INPFC areas combined during the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. ....................... 53 Table 12. Mean CPUE of the 20 most abundant groundfish and selected crab species caught by depth strata in the Conception INPFC area during the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. ..................... 53 Table 13. Mean CPUE of the 20 most abundant groundfish and selected crab species caught by depth strata in the Monterey INPFC area during the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey......................... 54 Table 14. Mean CPUE of the 20 most abundant groundfish and selected crab species caught by depth strata in the Eureka INPFC area during the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey ............................. 54 Table 15. Mean CPUE of the 20 most abundant groundfish and selected crab species caught by depth strata in the Columbia INPFC area during the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey......................... 55 ix Table 16. Mean CPUE of the 20 most abundant groundfish and selected crab species caught by depth strata in the U.S.-Vancouver INPFC area during the 2004 West Coast groundfish survey........................ 55 Table 17. Estimates of fish biomass and coefficients of variation by stratum for the combined INPFC areas from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. ......................................................................... 86 Table 18. Estimates of fish biomass and coefficients of variation by stratum for the INPFC Conception area from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey......................................................... 87 Table 19. Estimates of fish biomass and coefficients of variation by stratum for the INPFC Monterey area from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey............................................................................ 88 Table 20. Estimates of fish biomass and coefficients of variation by stratum for the INPFC Eureka area from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey............................................................................ 89 Table 21. Estimates of fish biomass and coefficients of variation by stratum for the INPFC Columbia area from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey............................................................................ 90 Table 22. Estimates of fish biomass and coefficients of variation by stratum for the INPFC U.S.Vancouver area from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey ......................................................... 91 Table 23. Number of hauls by depth strata where weight, number of fish, and lengths were collected for the 30 most abundant groundfish and selected invertebrate species in all INPFC areas combined from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey.................................................................................... 93 Table 24. Number of hauls by depth strata where weight, number of fish, and lengths were collected for the 30 most abundant groundfish and selected invertebrate species in the INPFC U.S.-Vancouver area from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey............................................................................ 94 Table 25. Number of hauls by depth strata where weight, number of fish, and lengths were collected for the 30 most abundant groundfish and selected invertebrate species in the INPFC Columbia area from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey.................................................................................... 95 Table 26. Number of hauls by depth strata where weight, number of fish, and lengths were collected for the 30 most abundant groundfish and selected invertebrate species in the INPFC Eureka area from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. ........................................................................................... 96 Table 27. Number of hauls by depth strata where weight, number of fish, and lengths were collected for the 30 most abundant groundfish and selected invertebrate species in the INPFC Monterey area from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey.................................................................................... 97 Table 28. Number of hauls by depth strata where weight, number of fish, and lengths were collected for the 30 most abundant groundfish and selected invertebrate species in the INPFC Conception area from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey.................................................................................... 98 Table 29. The weight-length relationships from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey using a nonlinear least squares fit....................................................................................................................... 129 Table 30. Fitted parameters for the von Bertalanffy growth curve model for selected fish species sampled during the 2004 West Coast Groundfish trawl survey relating length to age for males, females, and both sexes combined............................................................................................................ 130 x Executive Summary The Northwest Fisheries Science Center’s Fishery Resource Analysis and Monitoring Division (FRAM) completed the seventh in an annual series of groundfish bottom trawl surveys in 2004. The survey was conducted from 27 May to 16 October 2004 and targeted the commercial groundfish resources inhabiting depths of 55 to 1,280 m (30 to 700 fathoms) from the area off Cape Flattery, Washington (lat 48°10′N), to the U.S.-Mexico border (lat 32°30′N) using chartered West Coast commercial trawlers. This ongoing series of annual surveys, conducted by FRAM since 1998, is designed to monitor long-term trends in distribution and abundance of West Coast groundfish, especially those species of management concern. The 2004 survey represents the second year in which the depth range was expanded to include both the continental shelf (55–183 m) and continental slope (184–1,280 m) area and the second year in which a stratified-random sampling design was adopted. In 2004 540 primary sampling sites and associated secondary sites were selected randomly prior to the start of the survey. Trawling locations were allocated according to a stratified-random sampling design that divided the region into two geographic areas north and south of Point Conception, California, and three depth zones (strata). The objective was to provide a representative sample of the various groundfish species and relative numbers in each stratum. By selecting random stations within certain depth zones, towable ground has an equal probability of being sampled during the survey. Thus the method produces unbiased estimates of relative stock size. A total of 505 successful tows were completed out of 567 attempts. Simrad Integrated Trawl Instrumentation net mensuration data, as well as global positioning system navigation data and bottom contact sensor data used to document performance (e.g., bottom tending), were obtained for most tows. An Aberdeen-style net with a small mesh (1½″ stretched measure) liner in the codend (to retain smaller specimens) was used to sample fish biomass. Target duration of each tow was 15 minutes. Tow duration was the time between touchdown and liftoff of the trawl net from the seafloor based on readings from bottom contact sensors. Catches were sorted to species, aggregate, or other appropriate taxonomic level then weighed using an electronic, motion-compensated scale. A total of 587 species or families were identified within the survey area. Although the biological sampling effort continues to include Dover sole (Microstomus pacificus), shortspine thornyhead (Sebastolobus alascanus), longspine thornyhead (S. altivelis), and sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria), focus has shifted increasingly to encompass all groundfish species of management concern. Up to 100 length measurements, sex determinations, and individual weights and up to 25 age structures were collected per haul for these species. xi xii Acknowledgments We thank the captains and crew of the fishing vessels Ms. Julie, Excalibur, and B.J. Thomas for their efforts during the 2004 Northwest Fisheries Science Center’s Pacific West Coast groundfish trawl survey. We also thank the biologists who participated in the survey, including Roger Clark, Chante Davis, Brook Flammang, Owen Hamel, Lisa Lysak, Stacey Miller, Natalie Reed, Suzanne Romain, Ian Stewart, Josie Thompson, Waldo Wakefield, and Keri York. Scott McEntire at the Resource Assessment and Conservation Engineering Division of the Alaska Fisheries Science Center designed the bottom contact sensors. We also express our appreciation to Brian Parker, Mary Breaker, Mary Craig, and Carol Ksycinski for their shoreside logistical support and Curt Whitmire and Julia Clemons for creating the geographic information system graphics. xiii xiv Introduction The West Coast groundfish fishery, supported by 82 commercially valuable species, spans the area from the Canadian to the Mexican borders in nearshore to offshore waters. Multiple vessel types, ranging in size from kayaks to trawlers, participate in the fishery. The fishery sectors deploy mobile and fixed gear including bottom trawls, midwater trawls, pots, longlines, and other hook and line gear; however, trawlers take the majority of landed groundfish. Active management of the fishery began in the early 1980s with the establishment of optimum yields and trip limits for several managed species. Management measures currently include landings limits, size limits, gear restrictions, and time and area closures. The management measures are designed to avoid overfishing and to rebuild overfished stocks. The Fishery Resource Analysis and Monitoring Division of the Northwest Fisheries Science Center (NWFSC) completed the seventh in a series of annual bottom trawl surveys of groundfish resources off the U.S. West Coast. The survey operations were conducted from 27 May to 16 October 2004. The major objective of the NWFSC West Coast groundfish trawl survey (WCGTS) is to provide the fishery-independent data necessary to support the assessment of the status and trends of fish species inhabiting trawlable habitat along the U.S. West Coast’s upper continental slope and shelf. The survey area extended from northern Washington (U.S.Canada border) to southern California (U.S.-Mexico border) in waters ranging from 55 to 1,280 m (30 to 700 fathoms [fm]). Annual, coast-wide sampling cruises were undertaken by the NWFSC beginning in 1998 to establish an ongoing time series of groundfish catch, fishing effort, and individual fish measurement data (Turk et al. 2001, Builder Ramsey et al. 2002, Keller et al. 2005, 2006a, 2006b, 2007). Although NWFSC assumed responsibility for the slope portion of the groundfish survey starting in 1998, the time series began as an annual West Coast continental slope survey conducted by the Alaska Fisheries Science Center (AFSC) in 1988. Beginning in 2003, NWFSC expanded the depth coverage to include the continental shelf (55–183 m) as well as the continental slope (184–1,280 m). Consequently, in the current sampling configuration, the WCGTS now also encompasses the area historically monitored by the continental shelf survey conducted triennially by the AFSC (from 1977 through 2001). The NWFSC’s groundfish survey currently provides not only an annual snapshot of fish stock status but also an extension of two established, long-term time series from which informed management decisions can be made. Prior to 1998, surveys conducted by the AFSC were the principal source for fisheryindependent data of groundfish resources along the upper continental slope and shelf of the U.S. West Coast (Methot et al. 2000). The AFSC conducted slope surveys periodically from 1984 to 1987 and annually beginning in 1988. Shelf surveys were conducted triennially from 1977 to 2001. The AFSC slope surveys were conducted with the NOAA research vessel (RV) Miller Freeman while the triennial survey used chartered Alaska fishing vessels. Spatial coverage of the West Coast surveys varied between years due to constraints imposed by annual budget levels and availability of NOAA ship time (Lauth 2001). The NWFSC groundfish survey was initially designed to cover the same depths and latitudes established with the AFSC slope survey. Beginning in 2003, the WCGTS was expanded to include the continental shelf and slope (range of depths from 55 to 1,280 m) along the entire area off the U.S. West Coast (U.S.-Canada border to U.S.-Mexico border). Since inception in 1998, the NWFSC survey has utilized chartered fishing vessels from the West Coast commercial fishing industry. This feature capitalizes on the skills of fishing captains familiar with the challenges of fishing in the waters off the West Coast and fulfills the cooperative research provisions of the Magnuson-Stevens Sustainable Fisheries Act. * The results of the surveys provide measures of the change in relative abundance, distribution, and condition of groundfish stocks over time, which is of interest to fisheries managers, fishers, and concerned citizens. The WCGTS spans the latitude from 48°10′N to 32°30′N and is geographically subdivided into the five International North Pacific Fisheries Commission (INPFC) statistical areas: U.S-Vancouver, Columbia, Eureka, Monterey, and Conception (Figure 1). The objectives of this report are to document the operations, survey design, and initial results of the 2004 survey. Data summaries are provided for species composition, catch, distribution, relative density, biomass estimates, and size composition of selected species. The results are summarized by depth strata (55–183 m, 184–549 m, and 550–1,280 m, or 30–100 fm, 101–300 fm, and 301–700 fm) and INPFC area. Weight-length and length-at-age relationships, with age determined from otoliths, are also described for select groundfish species. In this report, we document operations and results of the 2004 groundfish survey with the intent to provide the indices of abundance necessary for subsequent stock assessment exercises. The mandated authority over fisheries along the West Coast of the United States, including specifically the states of California, Oregon, and Washington, resides principally with the Pacific Fishery Management Council, created in 1976 as part of the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act. This legislation also established a 200-mile exclusive economic zone surrounding the nation’s coastline. * 2 130°W 128° 126° 124° 122° 120° 118° 116° 114° 48° 46° 44° 42° 40° 38° 36° 34° 32°N 130°W 128° 126° 124° 122° 120° 118° Figure 1. Map showing extent of the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey and the locations of completed stations (▲). 3 32°N 34° 36° 38° 40° 42° 44° 46° 48° Survey Methods Survey Period and Sampling Area The 2004 WCGTS was conducted in two completed cycles of operations or passes between 27 May and 16 October 2004 from the areas off Cape Flattery, Washington (lat 48°10′N), to the U.S.-Mexico border (lat 32°30′N). Three West Coast bottom trawlers were chartered through a standard competitive bid process. The fishing vessel (FV) Ms. Julie was used during the first survey period from 27 May to 22 July 2004 and two additional vessels, the FV Excalibur and the FV B.J. Thomas, were used during the second survey period, from 21 August to 16 October 2004. All vessels started their operations off Cape Flattery and progressed south along the coast, finishing the completed cycle south of San Diego, California. Unlike prior years, a full complement of four chartered vessels was not used in 2004 because some resources and manpower were diverted to accommodate the concurrent deployment of vessels for collection of comparable information using the technique employed by the West Coast continental shelf survey established by the AFSC. Vessels and Sampling Gear The three chartered fishing vessels ranged in size from 65 to 77 feet (19.8 to 23.4 m) and in power from 450 to 750 horsepower. Each vessel was rigged as a stern trawler with a rear gantry housing one or two net reels to set and retrieve trawl gear. Vessels were outfitted with split trawl winches and equipped with modern electronics including global positioning systems (GPS), multiple depth sounders, radars, and other navigational aids. Prior to the start of the survey, the NWFSC provided each vessel with two ⅝″ steel core trawl cables, each 2,288 m (1,250 fm) in length. Cables were measured side by side and marked at 25 fm increments while being spooled onto the vessel’s winches. The markings provided real-time verification of the release of equal warp length from both winches while setting a tow. All vessels were provided with two standard Aberdeen-style nets (Figures 2 and 3) built and rigged to operate within strict specifications in compliance with protocols established for bottom trawl surveys (Stauffer 2004). The Aberdeen trawl is routinely used by fishing vessels throughout the survey region and was chosen after substantial analysis of trawl performance over various towing situations. The Aberdeen trawl demonstrated relatively stable performance over the range of conditions expected during the survey (West et al. 1998). Each net was outfitted with a small-mesh liner (1½″ stretched measure, #24 twisted polypropylene) in the codend to retain smaller fish. Various aspects of the mechanical performance of the nets (e.g., spread between net wings, vertical distance from the center of the headrope to the bottom, distance from the headrope to the footrope, and clearance between the footrope and bottom) were recorded using acoustic and bottom contact instruments hung from the net during each deployment. 4 Headrope: 85′ Fishing Line: 65′ Footrope: 104′ Notes and Materials: 1. Headrope and breastlines, 9/16″ wrapped wire rope 2. Bolshline: 1⅛″ steeline or equivalent 3. Fishing line: ½″ long-link alloy (grade 7) chain 4. Riblines: 1⅛″ steeline or equivalent 5. Hang riblines in 6% 6. All netting of Olivene twine or equivalent 7. Mesh size are stretched measure or include 1 knot 8. Double 5.0 mm polyethylene netting or other reinforcement in hatched areas 9. Add three meshes at each seam for selvedges 5 Figure 2. Detailed diagram of the NWFSC Aberdeen-style sampling trawl, including descriptions of dimensions, materials, mesh sizes, and mesh counts. See Figure 3 for a detail of the footrope. Figure 3. Footrope for the NWFSC Aberdeen-style sampling trawl composed of seven sections with an overall length of 104′. A single section of each component of the footrope is shown in the figure. Notes: Footrope composed of ½″ long-link alloy (grade 7) chain, with rubber discs (8–10″) and dropper chains (10″) strung along the length, and section lengths (measured bearing point to bearing point, B-B) connected by ½″ Campbell hammerlocks and stainless pins and spacers. Additional information was recorded on operational conditions such as depth, amount of towing cable deployed, towing speed, tow duration, and weather conditions. Trawl Station Allocation From 1998 through 2002, selection of sample sites for the WCGTS was based on a fixed transect design. Following an evaluation of the transect-based survey design by assessment and survey scientists, a stratified-random sampling design was adopted in 2003. The survey area was partitioned into approximately12,000 adjacent cells of equal area (1.5 nautical miles [nm] longitude × 2.0 nm latitude, Albers Equal Area projection) with each vessel assigned a primary subset of 180 randomly selected cell sites. In 2003 sampling density was assigned to areas defined by INFPC management areas and specified depth categories. After the 2003 survey season, further review by assessment scientists indicated that a greater flexibility in the development of poststratification strategies would be gained if the geographic allocation of randomly selected sites were reduced to a simple north-south geographic division at lat 34°30′N (Point Conception, California). Consequently, sampling locations in 2004 were allocated accordingly, with 80% of the effort allocated to the northern portion of the survey and 20% allocated to the southern range. This allocation schema was selected to maintain a comparable level of sampling effort in the area above Point Conception as sampled in prior years. The survey area was further stratified into three depth zones (55–183 m, 184–549 m, and 550–1,280 m), with the percentage of sampling 6 stations allocated to each of the three depth ranges in the northern and southern geographic areas based roughly on the proportion of the area within each depth strata. North of Point Conception, 40% of the area is located within the shallow depth stratum (55–183 m) and 30% within each of the two remaining strata (mid depth and deep zones). South of Point Conception, 25% of the area was allocated within the shallow zone, 45% within the mid-depth zone, and the remaining 30% within the deep range. The total number of sites targeted for the survey year, was apportioned across geographic area and depth categories, based on the above scheme, then primary stations were drawn from the survey cell pool, by strata, using a pseudorandom number generator. Each cell was sequentially assigned to an individual vessel. The process was repeated to identify two alternate sampling sites per location; additional constraints were imposed to ensure alternate sites were neither so close to an untrawlable primary site that they exhibit the same untrawlable features nor at an impractical transit distance. In 2004 540 primary sites were selected, with each vessel assigned 180 tows (one tow per cell). A total of 505 successful tows were completed out of 567 attempts. Trawling Protocol Standard trawl operations were followed to minimize differences in sampling (fishing) efficiency across the range of conditions encountered during the survey and over time (Stauffer 2004). By established conventions, trawling operations were limited to the daylight period, that is, the initial tow each day began (net on seafloor) following official sunrise and the last tow of the day ended (net off seafloor) before official sunset. Once a vessel was in the preselected sampling area (1.5 by 2.0 nm cell), the captain was instructed to observe the following search rules to identify a specific tow site: 1) search within the specified depth range, 2) remain fully within the specified area, and 3) complete the search for trawlable ground within 1 hour. If no trawlable site was found within the 1-hour limit, the cell was noted in the log as untrawlable and the vessel proceeded to the secondary cell. If the secondary cell also proved untrawable, the tertiary cell was attempted. If a tow was attempted but judged unsatisfactory or if the tow was aborted, a reasonable attempt was made to redo the tow within the primary site before proceeding to alternate sites. All fishing operations, including vessel operations and gear performance, were monitored using a suite of trawl instrumentation systems. The NMFS-supplied differential GPS navigation unit (Northstar 500, Northstar Technologies, Acton, Massachusetts) or the vessel’s speed indicators were used to monitor towing speed for each survey haul (target 2.2 knots over ground). All hauls were additionally monitored using the Simrad Integrated Trawl Instrumentation (ITI, Kongsberg Simrad Mesotech Ltd., Port Coquitlam, British Columbia, Canada) system. Four sensors from the ITI trawl system were attached to the net prior to setting the gear. Two instruments were mounted on the center of the net headrope: the trawl eye provided information on the vertical opening of the trawl, distance to the seafloor, and footrope clearance above the bottom, and the temperature-depth sensor recorded ambient temperature and the depth of the trawl headrope. Paired wing units (communication sensor and remote sensor) were attached on the port and starboard wings of the net to measure wingspread. 7 Extreme or prolonged periods of abnormal wingspread were indicative of net performance problems. Wingspread provided an indicator of the net’s contact with the bottom and whether adequate scope (amount of wire deployed) was utilized. With too little scope the gear tends bottom poorly, while too much scope may impact the proper spread of the doors. The captain, relying on past experience and judgment, determined the initial scope at the start of each tow. Guidelines for initial scope, tailored to local conditions and vessels, were provided for use at the discretion of the captain. Because the ITI trawl instruments displayed gear performance in real time, adjustments to the scope or speed were made as necessary. Scope was adjusted by deploying additional wire until the gear made stable, consistent bottom contact according to the ITI display. The Simrad ITI also provided georeferenced trawl positions relative to ship position, supplying a means to track the trawl location along the seafloor throughout each tow. A pair of bottom contact sensors (BCSs) and a secondary temperature/depth recorder (Seabird SBE39, Sea-Bird Electronics, Bellevue, Washington) were also deployed on every haul. The BCSs were attached 4 feet from the center point of the footrope on either side of the net. The BCSs recorded the angle of incline of the net, indicating when the net landed on and lifted off bottom, and provided redundancy in the event that the ITI failed to perform adequately. The Seabird temperature/depth recorder was attached to the head rope in an ABS plastic sleeve. The BCS and Seabird temperature/depth data were reviewed following every haul to provide additional information on bottom contact and trawl performance. In addition to monitoring trawl performance, the data from the sensor systems (Simrad ITI, BCS, and Seabird) were used to calculate net dimensions (net height and net width), duration of the tow, and distance fished. While gear was being set, vessel speeds varied from 2.2 to 5 knots. After the net made contact with the bottom, vessel speed was targeted at 2.2 knots (±0.5 knots). The haul officially began when the net was in proper fishing configuration and maintained steady contact with the bottom. The haul ended when the net lifted off the bottom after the start of haul back. Tow duration was targeted at 15 minutes. The Simrad ITI trawl eye was used to monitor real-time, ground-gear contact during a haul, but the actual bottom time was determined using data from the BCS. Position data, collected at 2-second intervals for each haul using a GPS, were used to monitor ground speed, track the vessel path, and estimate distance fished. Average net speed over ground and distance fished were calculated from the position data and the trawl’s actual bottom time. All features of the trawl event (i.e., from commencement of deployment of the net to completion of retrieval of the net), including net mensuration information, GPS data, trawl location, scope, vessel depth, trawl gear depth, and sea state conditions, were logged using a customized software program called Towlogger. Following every haul, data were reviewed to determine a performance rating for each tow. A tow was classified as unsatisfactory if gear was severely damaged during a haul because damage to the gear might affect catch composition. Moreover, if gear performance was otherwise deemed unacceptable (e.g., large quantities of mud or jellyfish, lost or abandoned fishing gear ensnared in the net, net off bottom for an extended period during the tow, etc.), the tow was also rated as unsatisfactory. Unsatisfactory hauls were not used in the following analyses. 8 Sampling Procedures and Biological Data Collection Catches were sorted to species or other appropriate taxonomic levels, then weighed in aggregate using an electronic, motion-compensated scale (Marel, Reykjavik, Iceland). Subsamples of important management species were randomly selected for individual measurements (length and weights) and biological sampling (age structures and sex determinations). Up to 100 sex determinations and length measurements (to the nearest centimeter) were collected per haul from each of these species. Although fork length (or total length) was generally measured for most species, anal length was recorded for Pacific grenadier (Coryphaenoides acrolepis) and spotted ratfish (Hydrolagus colliei). Otoliths were most commonly removed to determine age; however, exceptions to the use of otoliths included collection of fin rays from lingcod (Ophiodon elongates) and second dorsal spines from spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias). Fish were randomly selected for ageing from the subset of fish chosen for length determination. Up to 25 individuals per species were targeted for age structure removal per haul. Individual lengths and weights were collected from all fish selected for age structure removal. For other species, only total counts and aggregate weights were recorded, except when additional information was collected for special projects (including stomach contents, tissue samples, fecundity, and toxicology). Data were logged wirelessly into a ruggedized Itronix3 notebook computer (Itronix Corp., Spokane Valley, Washington) using the Fisheries Scientific Computing System version 1.6. Any unidentified species were labeled, frozen, or preserved in formalin, and retained for later identification. After collecting all biological data, marketable fish were placed in the hold of the vessel, iced, then delivered to a shoreside processing facility within 5 days. Species with no commercial value or those with catch prohibitions were returned to sea as soon as possible. 9 Survey Analysis Sensor Data Instrumentation played an important role in monitoring trawl performance, with mensuration data used to facilitate detection and correction of gear malfunction and to identify deviation from standardized fishing procedures. In addition to their role in evaluating trawl performance, three sensors—BCS, ITI, and GPS—provided data used to estimate effort following the completion of the survey. Because of the occasional erratic readings inherent to acoustic data, sensor streams were reviewed prior to use. The delivery rate of new readings was at times slower than the recording rate of the computer system receiving the signals, causing some sensor readings to be erroneously repeated multiple times. These readings appeared in the data record as persistent strings of varying lengths with constant values and prompted the review of all sensor streams for spurious readings. Since persistent strings may distort the overall signal pattern, a variety of techniques was used to remove them, including statistical trimming methods and manual removal of data points. In particular, persistent strings that originated before and extended into the time intervals used for effort estimation were routinely removed manually prior to analysis. But for the most part, the phenomena under observation varied little during the on-bottom time period of interest and the overall pattern of sensor readings was not substantially distorted by moderate periods of data repetition. Therefore, we assumed that treating the members of a persistent string as independent samples within the sample set would not substantially affect the mean estimate. However, this assumption could result in underestimation of the standard error of the mean and, accordingly, standard error estimates were not reported for mean estimates. Since sensor readings should be consistently present during a tow, recorded values of zero were treated as missing values and filtered prior to estimation of depth, net dimensions, and temperature. Exclusion of extreme points was more difficult. Large isolated spikes in depth, net dimension, and temperature readings were frequent and assumed to be the result of acoustic or electronic noise. They were removed prior to processing. When multiple extreme points occurred in sequence, they were more difficult to evaluate because large swings in sensor data are expected during tows over sloped and irregular substrates. Trawl execution problems also produced data sets with large fluctuations in readings. Consequently, extreme values recorded where expected, either as part of a continuous variation in magnitude or during a particularly variable stretch of readings, were not excluded prior to analysis. To ensure reliability of on-bottom readings, sensor data used to estimate depth, net width, and height were restricted to a subset of values collected from the center 80% of the tow duration. In the vast majority of tows, this criterion did not appreciably reduce the number of observations, but did effectively exclude small timing offsets between the BCS and ITI sensor systems and noise introduced by net touchdown and liftoff. 10 For some tows, few sensor readings (depth, net dimension, and temperature) both fell within the estimation time interval and were satisfactorily unaffected by persistent data strings. The extent to which these single or few point subsamples were representative of the entire tow was necessarily a subjective judgment. If the points seemed in alignment with the trajectory of points outside the subset time interval, they were used as the basis for estimation. Handrecorded notations at sea during a tow provided an additional level of data checking. These notations were subsequently evaluated and potentially impacted the decision whether to accept or reject a tow. Net Mensuration Tow duration was determined as the simple difference between the times marking touchdown and liftoff of the trawl net. Wherever possible, these times were derived from BCS traces of tow progression from net deployment to retrieval. Gaps left by unrecorded or otherwise suspect BCS information were filled using either patterns in ITI sensor readings, Seabird temperature/depth readings, or field party chief (FPC) observations of net touchdown and lift times. In general, mean net widths and heights were calculated from trawl sensor readings of wingspread and headrope height from bottom respectively. Although electronically recorded sensor readings provided the preferred basis for estimation, hand-recorded readings were substituted when necessary. When neither data set provided sufficient information, estimates were calculated from linear regressions based on relationships developed using data from other tows. Net height (m) was initially regressed against tow depth (m), with vessel identification incorporated as an indicator variable. Net height predictions were subsequently made using robust linear regression (S-Plus 1999). Although the interaction between vessel identification and depth proved to be significant based on analysis of variance, it neither added appreciably to the proportion of explained variation nor produced coefficients that were significantly different from zero. Therefore, it was not included in the net height predictions. Net width predictions were made using multiple linear regressions incorporating trawl depth and inverse scope. To estimate distance fished, the period of time a net was dragged over the seafloor was split into two distinct phases. The first phase, defined as normal towing, started when the net began fishing as it settled on the seafloor and ended when net haulback was initiated. The length of the first phase is controlled by the FPC and, unless problems occur, was maintained for 15 minutes. The second phase follows sequentially and represented the time required for the net to lift off the seafloor in response to the initiation of the haulback operation. Labeled liftoff lag, the length of this phase varied by vessel, depth, current, and bottom type. Smoothing the trackline yielded a reasonable estimate of the location of the net and an estimate of towing distance for the normal towing phase. Typically, however, the vessel was not moving forward during the liftoff lag phase, and consequently the GPS sent erroneous bearing information to the ITI. Since 2003 this problem was corrected by using a gyroscope to input the vessel bearing information into the ITI. Visual examination was used to determine the appropriate smoothness required for each haul. A default value for the smoothing parameter was applied in a majority of cases, including 11 but not limited to tows done in a relatively straight line with good signals from the ITI system. The percent of tows for which the default smoothing parameter worked varied by vessel, but all vessels had extreme cases for which the default value was not used. Details of this procedure can be found in Wallace (2000a, 2000b). The trigonometric method, developed for the 1998 survey analysis (Turk et al. 2001, Wallace and West 2006), was used when there was insufficient information for the above procedure. Within the database, all net configuration estimates were tagged with qualifying information indicating the estimation method employed. Wherever possible, gear depth and bottom depth were also estimated from electronically recorded trawl sensor readings of headrope depth and headrope distance from bottom. Gear depth was taken as the headrope depth sensor reading, and bottom depth was taken as the sum of headrope depth and headrope distance from bottom. Hand-recorded data sets were substituted as needed. For cases with sufficient high quality data, mean estimates were calculated using a subsample limited to the center 80% of the tow duration to ensure only on-bottom readings were included. In a few cases, no acceptable data existed within the center 80% of the tow duration in either the electronically or hand-recorded sets of gear depth readings. For these tows, mean gear and bottom depths were estimated from observations just outside of the center 80% of tow duration. These estimates most likely fell within the limits of net touchdown and liftoff. For some tows, few to no coincident records of headrope depth and headrope distance from bottom existed. In these cases, if gear depth and net height were available for a tow, bottom depth was estimated as the sum of these two endpoints, regardless of how the separate estimates had been derived. In cases where no reasonable observation of gear depth was recorded, bottom depth was estimated from the vessel’s navigational equipment records if available. These estimates were identified with qualifying information within the database. Area Estimates Area estimates were calculated using digital bathymetry points acquired from Naval Oceanographic Office DBDB-V (Digital Bathymetric Data Base-Variable resolution), Version 2.0 (Naval Oceanographic Office, no date). The input data had variable resolutions of 5.0 minutes, 1.0 minute, and 0.5 minute. The data points were gridded at 1-minute pixel resolution and contour lines for the survey depth zones were created from this grid. The contour lines were created at 30, 100, 300, and 700 fm. Contour lines were then combined with INPFC area boundaries and the maximum latitudinal extent of the survey (32.5 decimal degrees or the U.S.Mexico border in the south, and 48.25 decimal degrees or the exclusive economic zone in the north) to make polygons of each depth zone. Bathymetry data were projected to Albers Equal Area projection, and the total area of the seafloor in three depth zones (30−100 fm, 101−300 fm, and 301−700 fm) and the five INPFC areas were calculated. Note that any areas westward of the primary 700 fm contour (e.g., seamounts) or eastward of the primary 30 fm contour were not included in the area calculations, even if they were between a 30 fm and 700 fm depth. Temperature Water temperature was recorded during each tow using a Simrad ITI temperature sensor (accuracy +0.2°C) and a Seabird temperature sensor (accuracy +0.002°C) mounted in the mouth 12 of the net. The output sensor pattern indicated the Simrad sensor required the full duration of the tow to acclimate. Because the Seabird demonstrated higher accuracy and faster acclimation time than the Simrad sensor, bottom temperature was estimated as the mean of the Seabird sensor readings taken while the net was on bottom. If Seabird data were missing, bottom temperature was estimated from the Simrad sensor, based on data collected during the final 10% of the tow duration. Surface temperature was recorded using a thermometer in the surface water at the start of each tow. Relative Density and Biomass Estimates Relative density was calculated as catch per unit effort (CPUE) for individual species in each INPFC area and depth stratum by dividing total catch weight (kg) per species by area swept (ha) per tow, CPUE = C/A (1) where CPUE is catch per unit effort in kg/ha, C is catch per tow in kg for a given species, and A is area swept (ha). Mean estimates were initially calculated for each depth stratum within an INPFC area by averaging all tows, including those with zero catch, by species. To estimate mean CPUE by species for the total area (all INPFC areas combined), depth strata (shallow and deep for all areas combined), and the individual INPFC areas (depth strata combined within areas), the initial means were weighted using the appropriate areas within each stratum. Mean biomass estimates (metric tons) were similarly calculated by multiplying the weighted mean CPUE for total area, depth strata, or INPFC region by the appropriate area of the stratum or region, ˆ b = ∑ (CPUE i × Ai ) / 1000 i =1 n (2) ˆ where b is the mean biomass estimate in metric tons, CPUE is the mean CPUE in kg/ha calculated as noted above by weighting the initial mean by area, A is area of the stratum or region in ha, and n = 3 when depth strata (shallow, mid depth, and deep) were combined within an INPFC area or n = 5 if individual INPFC areas were combined or if depth strata for all areas were combined (see above). Variance for mean biomass estimates (within and among INPFC areas and depth strata) was calculated as 2 ˆ Var ( b) = ∑ (Var (CPUE i ) × Ai ) i =1 n (3) after first adjusting for differences in units and with symbols as defined in Equation 2. Coefficients of variation (CV) were calculated for biomass estimates using the standard error (standard deviation/number sampled) divided by the mean biomass estimate. 13 Results Haul, Catch, and Biological Data The 2004 WCGTS was designed to incorporate 540 primary sampling locations, with 567 tows subsequently attempted, including failed tows, aborted tows, or tows at secondary or tertiary sites. A total of 505 tows were successfully sampled. Simard ITI net mensuration data, as well as GPS course and position data and bottom-contact sensor data, were obtained from most of the successful tows. Table 1 shows the latitudinal boundaries, depth-strata areas (km2), and sampling densities (hauls/1,000 km2) by INPFC statistical area based on successful tows. Mean net widths (m) and distances fished (km) were calculated for each haul. When net mensuration data were available, the mean net width for each tow was calculated based on 80% of the tow duration, excluding the initial and final 10% of the tow time. Distances fished were calculated by estimating the length the net traveled on the seafloor from the point where it touched down to the point where it lifted off. An overall mean width of 13.80 m was calculated using data from the 505 hauls that both exhibited good trawl performance and had available net mensuration estimates. The mean net widths ranged from 10.65 m to 16.29 m with a standard deviation of 0.96 m. When the net mensuration instrumentation was not functioning properly, the mean net width per tow was calculated using multiple linear regressions as a function of trawl depth and inverse scope for the individual chartered vessel (Figure 4). The number of lengths and age structures collected from groundfish species are summarized in Table 2. Individual length measurements were collected from 75 groundfish species, while age structures were collected from 53 species. A total of 133,303 length measurements were made and 22,366 individuals had age structures removed. The number of lengths collected ranged from 1 to 18,324 measurements per species, while the number of age structures collected ranged from 1 to 2,631 structures per species. The species with the greatest number of measurements and age structures included Dover sole (Microstomus pacificus), Pacific sanddab (Citharichthys sordidus), petrale sole (Eopsetta jordani), English sole (Parophrys vetulus), rex sole (Glyptocephalus zachirus), sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria), longspine thornyhead (Sebastolobus altivelis) , shortspine thornyhead (S. alascanus), chilipepper rockfish (Sebastes goodei), splitnose rockfish (S. diploproa), and stripetail rockfish (S. saxicola). A total of 587 unique taxa were identified over the entire survey area, with 253 species or groups of fish and the remaining invertebrates. The frequency of occurrence, depth range, mean depth, and latitudinal range for all of the identified organisms are listed in Table 3. Unidentified species or groups are referred to as “unident.” in the tables and figures following the text. 14 Table 1. Latitude boundaries, depth stratum areas (km2), and sampling densities by INPFC statistical area based on successful tows during the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. Stratum 1 (55–183 m) Area No. Hauls/ (km2) hauls 1,000 km2 2,318 29 12.51 14,413 4,069 8,605 6,994 36,399 84 20 59 47 239 5.83 4.92 6.86 6.72 6.57 Stratum 2 (184–549 m) Area No. Hauls/ (km2) hauls 1,000 km2 2,853 8 2.80 8,621 2,034 3,650 12,839 29,997 50 12 17 46 133 5.80 5.90 4.66 3.58 4.43 Stratum 3 (550–1,280 m) Area No. Hauls/ (km2) hauls 1,000 km2 2,286 6 3.50 9,804 6,365 8,646 42,041 69,142 28 25 21 53 133 5.71 6.44 7.06 1.31 3.20 All Strata 1 (55–1,280 m) Area No. Hauls/ (km2) hauls 1,000 km2 7,457 46 5.77 32,838 12,467 20,902 61,874 135,538 162 57 97 146 508 4.93 4.57 4.64 2.36 3.73 Latitude bounds U.S.-Vancouver 47°30′–Border Columbia 43°00′–47°30′ Eureka 40°30′–43°00′ Monterey 36°00′–40°30′ Conception 32°30′–36°00′ Entire survey area 32°30′–Border 15 Excalibur 20 15 10 5 Net height and width (m) 0 0.0004 0.0014 0.0024 0.0034 0.0044 Ms. Julie 20 15 10 5 0 0.0004 20 15 10 5 0 0.0004 B. J. Thomas 0.0014 0.0024 0.0034 0.0044 0.0014 0.0024 0.0034 0.0044 Inverse Scope (1/m) Figure 4. Mean net width (m) and height (m) for trawls conducted as part of the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. Estimates are grouped by vessel and plotted relative to net width (•) and net height (□) in meters. Prediction from multiple linear regression of width against net height and inverse scope (1/meters) and factored by vessel was used to estimate net widths for tows lacking direct width observations (FV Excalibur: Net width = 18.69 – 0.804 × net height – 337.5 × inverse scope; FV Ms. Julie: Net width = 19.31 – 1.111 × net height – 270.3 × inverse scope; FV B.J. Thomas: Net width = 18.44 – 0.606 × net height – 481.3 × inverse scope). 16 Table 2. Number of individual length measurements and age structures collected by species during the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. Note: we collected dorsal spines for spiny dogfish, dorsal finrays for lingcod, and otoliths for all other species. Species Lengths Ages Brown smoothhound 1 0 Smoothhounds 3 0 Spiny dogfish 2,647 598 Bering skate 45 0 Big skate 308 0 California skate 496 0 Longnose skate 2,666 0 Starry skate 15 0 Arrowtooth flounder 2,785 723 Butter sole 19 0 Curlfin sole 668 0 Dover sole 18,324 2,631 English sole 9,158 1,029 Flathead sole 519 0 Hornyhead turbot 4 0 Pacific sanddab 12,775 1,655 Pacific halibut 31 0 Petrale sole 3,547 2,011 Rex sole 14,793 0 Sand sole 87 0 Southern rock sole 196 0 Starry flounder 55 49 Fangtooth 1 0 Sablefish 4,831 2,305 Pacific grenadier 2,497 406 Species Lengths Pacific cod 304 Lingcod 1,463 Kelp greenling 97 Pacific hake 3,916 Chinook salmon 24 Shortspine thornyhead 6,964 Longspine thornyhead 12,594 Aurora rockfish 1,185 Bank rockfish 123 Black rockfish 1 Blackgill rockfish 467 Blue rockfish 2 Bocaccio 497 Brown rockfish 43 Calico rockfish 84 California scorpionfish 190 Canary rockfish 577 Chilipepper rockfish 3,803 Copper rockfish 76 Cowcod 70 Darkblotched rockfish 1,062 Flag rockfish 33 Gopher rockfish 1 Greenblotched rockfish 59 Greenspotted rockfish 574 Ages 0 926 0 0 24 1,799 839 366 77 1 190 2 226 43 84 0 316 856 76 70 595 33 0 59 290 Species Greenstriped rockfish Halfbanded rockfish Honeycomb rockfish Mexican rockfish Olive rockfish Pacific ocean perch Pygmy rockfish Redbanded rockfish Redstripe rockfish Rosethorn rockfish Rosy rockfish Rougheye rockfish Sharpchin rockfish Shortbelly rockfish Shortraker rockfish Silvergray rockfish Splitnose rockfish Squarespot rockfish Starry rockfish Stripetail rockfish Swordspine rockfish Vermilion rockfish Widow rockfish Yelloweye rockfish Yellowtail rockfish Lengths Ages 2,723 546 1,704 450 16 16 1 0 1 1 565 219 171 46 159 145 527 179 1,003 353 3 3 115 78 1,176 199 2,920 479 8 8 19 19 5,230 438 166 26 3 3 4,857 504 330 74 20 19 182 58 21 21 703 203 17 Table 3. Frequency of occurrence, depth, and latitudinal ranges for fish and invertebrate species, grouped by family (or higher taxonomic classification), caught during the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. Frequency of occurrence (No. hauls) 1 1 70 13 15 267 3 1 8 11 2 163 6 3 43 4 2 1 177 Latitudinal range (dd) South North 44.30 43.68 44.30 43.68 Family and scientific name Petromyzontidae Petromyzontidae Lampetra tridentata Myxinidae Myxinidae Eptatretus deani E. stoutii Chimaeridae Hydrolagus colliei Triakidae Triakidae Galeorhinus galeus Mustelus californicus M. henlei Scyliorhinidae Apristurus sp. A. brunneus A. kampae Cephaloscyllium ventriosum Parmaturus xaniurus Hexanchidae Hexanchus griseus Somnosidae Somniosus pacificus Squalidae Squalidae Squalus acanthias Common name Lamprey unident. Pacific lamprey Hagfish unident. Black hagfish Pacific hagfish Spotted ratfish Smoothhound unident. Soupfin shark Gray smoothhound Brown smoothhound Cat shark unident. Brown cat shark Longnose cat shark Swell shark Filetail cat shark Sixgill shark Pacific sleeper shark Dogfish shark unident. Spiny dogfish Min. 99 295 60 166 323 52 67 82 58 53 512 136 273 80 276 79 637 1,188 52 Depth (m) Max. Mean 99 295 1,297 1,206 1,155 711 128 82 91 165 571 1,188 1,205 117 792 406 1,039 1,188 859 99 295 739 879 797 169 89 82 74 106 541 693 920 94 490 295 838 1,188 155 32.86 47.80 32.85 48.09 34.45 48.21 32.59 33.95 36.25 32.71 32.59 34.26 32.75 32.63 32.96 32.75 34.23 35.73 33.58 32.67 48.37 34.73 36.25 38.78 46.15 34.28 48.21 34.63 34.23 36.94 38.18 39.60 33.58 48.37 18 Table 3 continued. Frequency of occurrence, depth, and latitudinal ranges for fish and invertebrate species, grouped by family (or higher taxonomic classification), caught during the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. Frequency of occurrence (No. hauls) 2 1 3 15 40 91 67 296 11 13 1 173 51 5 21 2 72 1 1 Latitudinal range (dd) South North 32.96 33.08 42.16 33.57 32.61 34.51 32.59 32.59 35.65 33.01 47.49 32.59 32.63 46.90 34.32 34.49 33.91 44.66 34.62 34.32 33.08 43.03 48.20 45.40 48.36 40.57 48.37 44.57 47.69 47.49 48.37 48.21 47.67 48.00 47.72 48.23 44.66 34.62 Family and scientific name Squatinidae Squatina californica Etmopteridae Centroscyllium nigrum Shark egg cases Shark egg case Apristurus brunneus egg case Torpedinidae Torpedo californica Rajidae Raja binoculata R. inornata R. rhina R. stellulata Arhynchobatidae Bathyraja sp. B. abyssicola B. interrupta B. trachura Skate egg cases B. sp. Raja sp. R. binoculata Rajidae Acipenseridae Acipenser medirostris Anguilliformes (order) Anguilliformes Common name Pacific angel shark Combtooth dogfish Shark egg case unident. Cat shark egg case Pacific electric ray Big skate California skate Longnose skate Starry skate Skate unident. Deepsea skate Bering skate Roughtail skate Skate egg case unident. Skate egg case unident. Big skate egg case Skate egg case unident. Green sturgeon Eel unident. Min. 63 1,186 235 123 53 52 53 52 63 657 1,428 52 246 69 63 84 57 53 743 Depth (m) Max. Mean 80 1,186 385 429 1,050 237 385 1,162 591 1,206 1,428 1,114 1,428 1,011 1,011 1,032 1,197 53 743 71 1,186 299 304 154 104 98 247 129 946 1,428 265 960 309 186 558 291 53 743 19 Table 3 continued. Frequency of occurrence, depth, and latitudinal ranges for fish and invertebrate species, grouped by family (or higher taxonomic classification), caught during the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. Frequency of occurrence (No. hauls) 2 5 2 1 6 2 86 54 14 8 20 1 25 1 61 37 1 1 2 16 Latitudinal range (dd) South North 32.86 33.08 33.22 47.43 33.08 34.26 34.51 34.86 34.23 34.27 33.26 42.09 32.59 40.14 32.63 33.08 45.67 33.30 34.36 32.75 33.46 40.05 33.32 47.43 39.91 34.30 48.36 48.36 48.23 46.13 47.26 42.09 42.63 40.14 47.81 47.99 45.67 33.30 34.62 37.48 Family and scientific name Nemichthyidae Nemichthyidae Avocettina infans Nemichthys scolopaceus N. larseni Serrivomeridae Serrivomer sector Nettastomatidae Facciolella gilbertii Clupeidae Alosa sapidissima Clupea pallasii Sardinops sagax Engraulidae Engraulidae Engraulis mordax Argentinidae Argentinidae Argentina sialis Microstomatidae Nansenia candida Bathylagidae Bathylagidae Bathylagus sp. Pseudobathylagus milleri Bathylagus pacificus Leuroglossus schmidti L. stilbius Common name Snipe eel unident. Blackline snipe eel Slender snipe eel Pale snipe eel Sawtooth eel Dogface witch-eel American shad Pacific herring Pacific sardine Anchovy unident. Northern anchovy Argentine unident. Pacific argentine Bluethroat argentine Deepsea smelt unident. Blacksmelt unident. Robust blacksmelt Pacific blacksmelt Northern smoothtongue California smoothtongue Min. 552 825 691 711 846 371 52 53 53 53 57 96 60 885 568 562 957 894 397 437 Depth (m) Max. Mean 864 1,186 848 711 1,206 400 440 189 204 184 358 96 907 885 1,279 1,428 957 894 743 910 708 957 769 711 1,102 385 109 97 97 97 112 96 198 885 931 890 957 894 570 624 20 Table 3 continued. Frequency of occurrence, depth, and latitudinal ranges for fish and invertebrate species, grouped by family (or higher taxonomic classification), caught during the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. Frequency of occurrence (No. hauls) 2 1 1 2 106 30 6 10 2 10 40 15 2 4 3 3 3 10 2 8 Latitudinal range (dd) South North 36.88 43.32 40.14 32.75 32.63 32.86 34.19 37.56 48.15 37.15 34.51 37.36 33.08 33.27 32.63 32.75 32.63 33.68 43.64 34.30 40.14 43.32 40.14 42.30 47.81 47.72 43.45 43.98 48.36 48.04 48.23 48.06 41.24 43.32 34.91 35.28 32.86 47.81 47.69 44.97 Family and scientific name Opisthoproctidae Opisthoproctidae Macropinna microstoma Platytroctidae Platytroctidae Sagamichthys abei Alepocephalidae Alepocephalus tenebrosus Talismania bifurcata Osmeridae Osmeridae Allosmerus elongatus Osmerus mordax Spirinchus starksi Thaleichthys pacificus Salmonidae Oncorhynchus tshawytscha Gonostomatidae Gonostomatidae Sternoptychidae Sternoptychidae (subfamily) Argyropelecus sp. A. affinis Sternoptyx diaphana Stomiidae Chauliodontinae (subfamily) Melanostomiinae Aristostomias scintillans Common name Spookfish unident. Barreleye Tubeshoulder unident. Shining tubeshoulder California slickhead Threadfin slickhead Smelt unident. Whitebait smelt Rainbow smelt Night smelt Eulachon Chinook salmon Bristlemouth unident. Hatchetfish unident. Hatchetfish unident. Slender hatchetfish Longspine hatchetfish Viperfish unident. Scaleless dragonfish unident. Shining loosejaw Min. 698 828 885 588 506 621 64 62 61 53 55 62 1,151 454 569 419 864 547 412 371 Depth (m) Max. Mean 885 828 885 589 1,279 1,054 579 144 65 163 220 157 1,186 969 1,205 792 1,205 1,197 664 1,040 792 828 885 589 907 840 242 94 63 93 119 95 1,169 774 879 600 1,090 858 538 689 21 Table 3 continued. Frequency of occurrence, depth, and latitudinal ranges for fish and invertebrate species, grouped by family (or higher taxonomic classification), caught during the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. Frequency of occurrence (No. hauls) 51 13 12 29 1 1 9 94 14 2 65 6 2 3 19 3 1 90 1 98 6 26 Latitudinal range (dd) South North 32.96 47.75 32.75 40.14 32.75 37.15 37.27 47.99 37.07 45.94 32.61 32.63 39.38 44.51 32.63 37.15 33.30 38.89 33.45 33.01 34.37 32.63 34.51 32.63 43.68 32.86 37.07 45.94 34.01 47.67 47.62 47.80 48.21 46.42 44.51 45.44 44.37 33.67 34.37 47.99 34.51 47.99 47.81 35.28 Family and scientific name Chauliodus macouni Idiacanthus antrostomus Stomias atriventer Tactostoma macropus Notosudidae Scopelosaurus harryi Paralepididae Magnisudis atlantica Synodontidae Synodus lucioceps Myctophidae Myctophidae Diaphus theta Nannobrachium ritteri Lampanyctus sp. Stenobrachius leucopsarus Symbolophorus californiensis Tarletonbeania crenularis Ophidiidae Chilara taylori Lamprogrammus niger Macrouridae Macrouridae Albatrossia pectoralis Caelorinchus scaphopsis Coryphaenoides acrolepis C. cinereus Nezumia liolepis Common name Pacific viperfish Pacific black dragon Blackbelly dragonfish Longfin dragonfish Scaly paperbone Duckbill barracudina California lizardfish Lanternfish unident. California headlightfish Broadfin lanternfish Lanternfish unident. Northern lampfish California lanternfish Blue lanternfish Spotted cusk-eel Paperbone cusk-eel Grenadier unident. Giant grenadier Shoulderspot grenadier Pacific grenadier Popeye grenadier Smooth grenadier Min. 176 311 177 384 667 702 55 119 157 397 404 454 602 119 53 878 388 506 166 476 786 432 Depth (m) Max. Mean 1,297 818 969 714 1,186 698 1,162 787 667 702 79 1,206 1,151 602 1,428 1,297 894 794 269 1,184 388 1,428 166 1,428 1,297 1,188 667 702 65 649 534 499 861 772 748 452 159 1,077 388 923 166 905 1,063 860 22 Table 3 continued. Frequency of occurrence, depth, and latitudinal ranges for fish and invertebrate species, grouped by family (or higher taxonomic classification), caught during the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. Frequency of occurrence (No. hauls) 22 1 112 2 330 39 50 1 81 4 1 2 24 1 8 1 20 21 28 Latitudinal range (dd) South North 32.75 43.95 33.22 32.63 33.53 32.59 37.15 44.13 48.37 32.83 33.32 45.23 32.85 32.75 33.22 32.85 33.01 32.61 32.67 33.57 33.22 48.21 33.54 48.37 48.36 48.36 48.37 46.99 45.39 45.23 37.29 47.81 33.22 44.06 33.01 34.32 43.21 48.16 Family and scientific name N. stelgidolepis Melanonidae Melanonus zugmayeri Moridae Antimora microlepis Physiculus rastrelliger Merlucciidae Merluccius productus Gadidae Microgadus proximus Gadus macrocephalus Theragra chalcogramma Batrachoididae Porichthys notatus Oneirodidae Oneirodidae Chaenophryne draco Melamphaidae Melamphaes lugubris Poromitra crassiceps Anoplogastridae Anoplogastridae Anoplogaster cornuta Scorpaenidae Scorpaenidae Scorpaena guttata Sebastes sp. S. aleutianus Common name California grenadier Arrowtail Pacific flatnose Hundred fathom codling Pacific hake Pacific tomcod Pacific cod Walleye pollock Plainfin midshipman Dreamer unident. Smooth dreamer Highsnout bigscale Crested bigscale Fangtooth unident. Fangtooth Scorpionfish, rockfish unident. California scorpionfish Rockfish unident. Rougheye rockfish Min. 432 848 404 295 52 53 61 191 52 691 1,016 781 552 848 803 117 55 54 127 Depth (m) Max. Mean 1,201 632 848 1,428 358 1,162 108 285 191 240 1,188 1,016 1,201 1,428 848 1,201 117 130 512 664 848 887 326 260 80 138 191 102 920 1,016 991 956 848 1,011 117 78 164 319 23 Table 3 continued. Frequency of occurrence, depth, and latitudinal ranges for fish and invertebrate species, grouped by family (or higher taxonomic classification), caught during the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. Frequency of occurrence (No. hauls) 36 8 57 38 3 3 1 6 30 3 92 11 102 144 3 13 28 89 41 8 56 1 23 1 1 21 6 1 Latitudinal range (dd) South North 42.16 48.20 36.95 38.47 32.75 46.47 34.63 47.96 44.92 48.21 42.16 47.93 35.52 35.52 34.13 37.12 32.59 48.23 33.71 37.20 34.63 47.80 32.61 37.63 32.73 47.93 32.59 48.37 33.71 33.82 34.37 47.97 35.65 48.23 32.67 45.73 33.71 48.30 32.61 37.20 32.73 44.44 33.78 33.78 33.34 38.78 33.91 33.91 40.81 40.81 32.73 45.47 32.61 37.12 35.65 35.65 Family and scientific name Sebastes alutus S. auriculatus S. aurora S. babcocki S. borealis S. brevispinis S. carnatus S. caurinus S. chlorostictus S. constellatus S. crameri S. dalli S. diploproa S. elongatus S. ensifer S. entomelas S. flavidus S. goodei S. helvomaculatus S. hopkinsi S. jordani S. lentiginosus S. levis S. macdonaldi S. melanops S. melanostomus S. miniatus S. mystinus Common name Pacific ocean perch Brown rockfish Aurora rockfish Redbanded rockfish Shortraker rockfish Silvergray rockfish Gopher rockfish Copper rockfish Greenspotted rockfish Starry rockfish Darkblotched rockfish Calico rockfish Splitnose rockfish Greenstriped rockfish Swordspine rockfish Widow rockfish Yellowtail rockfish Chilipepper rockfish Rosethorn rockfish Squarespot rockfish Shortbelly rockfish Freckled rockfish Cowcod Mexican rockfish Black rockfish Blackgill rockfish Vermilion rockfish Blue rockfish Min. 130 62 326 154 401 67 58 64 72 86 100 58 127 86 141 64 63 60 67 59 60 88 100 269 70 302 58 64 Depth (m) Max. Mean 497 293 88 75 645 457 506 285 555 471 276 199 58 58 108 91 254 133 141 113 417 220 86 67 519 293 447 155 196 175 366 190 181 134 371 149 447 220 125 91 406 174 88 88 273 155 269 269 70 70 568 424 126 78 64 64 24 Table 3 continued. Frequency of occurrence, depth, and latitudinal ranges for fish and invertebrate species, grouped by family (or higher taxonomic classification), caught during the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. Frequency of occurrence (No. hauls) 35 42 15 1 9 8 11 9 119 51 1 1 5 33 238 174 1 2 360 12 188 11 61 2 Latitudinal range (dd) South North 32.59 39.88 34.13 48.37 42.62 48.23 34.75 34.75 32.59 37.27 39.88 47.97 32.59 36.76 33.71 36.26 32.59 47.54 32.59 44.37 37.36 37.36 32.61 32.61 44.28 48.20 36.76 48.30 32.63 48.37 32.63 48.21 33.37 33.26 32.63 43.61 32.73 32.67 32.59 33.82 33.37 33.34 48.37 48.23 48.36 36.74 38.38 46.97 Family and scientific name Sebastes paucispinis S. pinniger S. proriger S. rosaceus S. rosenblatti S. ruberrimus S. rubrivinctus S. rufus S. saxicola S. semicinctus S. serranoides S. umbrosus S. wilsoni S. zacentrus Sebastolobus alascanus S. altivelis Triglidae Bellator xenisma Prionotus stephanophrys Anoplopomatidae Anoplopoma fimbria Hexagrammidae Hexagrammos decagrammus Ophiodon elongatus Zaniolepis frenata Z. latipinnis Cottidae Cottidae Common name Bocaccio Canary rockfish Redstripe rockfish Rosy rockfish Greenblotched rockfish Yelloweye rockfish Flag rockfish Bank rockfish Stripetail rockfish Halfbanded rockfish Olive rockfish Honeycomb rockfish Pygmy rockfish Sharpchin rockfish Shortspine thornyhead Longspine thornyhead Splitnose sea robin Lumptail sea robin Sablefish Kelp greenling Lingcod Shortspine combfish Longspine combfish Sculpin unident. Min. 60 54 67 292 63 111 55 141 65 57 103 72 67 100 96 254 66 60 52 60 53 79 53 80 Depth (m) Max. Mean 326 150 220 135 235 141 292 292 326 190 250 168 196 128 370 258 397 173 269 108 103 103 72 72 180 120 404 222 1,297 630 1,428 782 66 184 1,428 130 327 269 238 196 66 122 461 98 132 146 91 138 25 Table 3 continued. Frequency of occurrence, depth, and latitudinal ranges for fish and invertebrate species, grouped by family (or higher taxonomic classification), caught during the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. Frequency of occurrence (No. hauls) 10 1 4 3 1 2 32 2 1 5 3 1 5 23 14 3 14 2 3 10 3 95 15 6 2 Latitudinal range (dd) South North 32.96 44.83 48.23 48.23 35.52 37.75 43.55 47.86 38.21 38.21 44.67 45.73 33.76 48.20 33.82 45.79 44.49 44.49 37.56 46.99 38.31 41.65 42.29 32.67 35.23 37.06 41.90 32.73 34.17 41.07 33.41 38.21 32.73 33.41 33.17 33.50 42.29 41.25 48.21 47.93 47.89 47.54 42.29 47.54 45.39 43.95 48.10 47.69 47.62 40.10 Family and scientific name Chitonotus pugetensis Enophrys bison E. taurina Gymnocanthus pistilliger Hemilepidotus spinosus Icelinus burchami I. filamentosus I. fimbriatus I. tenuis Leptocottus armatus Radulinus asprellus Psychrolutidae Psychrolutes phrictus Agonidae Agonidae Bathyagonus nigripinnis B. pentacanthus Chesnonia verrucosa Xeneretmus latifrons Liparidae Liparidinae Careproctus sp. C. cypselurus C. gilberti C. melanurus Paraliparis cephalus P. dactylosus Rhinoliparis barbulifer Common name Roughback sculpin Buffalo sculpin Bull sculpin Threaded sculpin Brown Irish lord Dusky sculpin Threadfin sculpin Fringed sculpin Spotfin sculpin Pacific staghorn sculpin Slim sculpin Blob sculpin Poacher unident. Blackfin poacher Bigeye poacher Warty poacher Blacktip poacher Snailfish unident. Snailfish unident. Blackfin snailfish Smalldisk snailfish Blacktail snailfish Swellhead snailfish Red snailfish Longnose snailfish Min. 60 120 58 115 63 235 67 180 67 52 102 1,162 70 117 53 63 132 645 903 698 385 163 577 596 868 Depth (m) Max. Mean 91 73 120 120 67 62 170 143 63 63 250 243 375 176 326 253 67 67 88 65 157 128 1,162 302 957 1,197 64 475 1,162 1,115 1,235 672 1,054 1,206 1,097 1,184 1,162 145 549 371 63 255 904 990 1,038 511 542 894 800 1,026 26 Table 3 continued. Frequency of occurrence, depth, and latitudinal ranges for fish and invertebrate species, grouped by family (or higher taxonomic classification), caught during the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. Frequency of occurrence (No. hauls) 3 8 48 1 3 1 1 29 1 6 2 82 1 6 2 89 1 74 5 2 156 Latitudinal range (dd) South North 32.71 32.71 32.61 33.37 34.01 37.15 34.01 32.61 34.32 34.70 37.12 32.59 48.23 32.59 34.36 32.63 34.32 32.85 34.28 34.51 32.75 34.01 41.58 38.47 33.37 36.12 37.15 34.01 41.25 34.32 37.63 37.96 39.33 48.23 34.28 39.54 48.21 34.32 47.99 47.81 34.62 47.80 Family and scientific name Serranidae Paralabrax nebulifer Carangidae Trachurus symmetricus Sciaenidae Genyonemus lineatus Seriphus politus Embiotocidae Embiotocidae Amphistichus argenteus A. rhodoterus Cymatogaster aggregata Embiotoca lateralis Hyperprosopon anale Phanerodon furcatus Zalembius rosaceus Bathymasteridae Ronquilus jordani Uranoscopidae Kathetostoma averruncus Zoarcidae Zoarcidae Bothrocara brunneum Eucryphycus californicus Lycenchelys crotalinus Lycodapus endemoscotus L. fierasfer Lycodes cortezianus Common name Barred sand bass Jack mackerel White croaker Queenfish Surfperch unident. Barred surfperch Redtail surfperch Shiner perch Striped surfperch Spotfin surfperch White surfperch Pink sea perch Northern ronquil Smooth stargazer Eelpout unident. Twoline eelpout Persimmon eelpout Snakehead eelpout Deepwater eelpout Blackmouth eelpout Bigfin eelpout Min. 58 58 53 66 60 53 60 53 63 53 62 53 120 75 397 506 349 591 460 743 57 Depth (m) Max. Mean 65 119 130 66 91 53 60 102 63 74 86 184 120 148 601 1,428 349 1,297 1,197 965 1,162 61 86 82 66 70 53 60 76 63 66 74 91 120 113 499 879 349 922 726 854 323 27 Table 3 continued. Frequency of occurrence, depth, and latitudinal ranges for fish and invertebrate species, grouped by family (or higher taxonomic classification), caught during the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. Frequency of occurrence (No. hauls) 77 72 1 2 6 1 3 1 1 3 8 37 190 13 182 111 232 328 29 Latitudinal range (dd) South North 32.59 48.33 32.67 48.37 34.30 34.30 46.03 33.58 33.22 33.08 32.85 37.07 33.50 32.59 32.61 32.59 32.61 38.17 32.63 33.82 32.73 32.59 48.16 44.56 33.22 33.50 32.85 37.07 34.42 34.27 47.37 48.36 34.32 48.37 47.99 48.37 48.37 35.52 Family and scientific name L. diapterus L. pacificus Lycodapus sp. Cryptacanthodidae Cryptacanthodes giganteus Anarhichadidae Anarrhichthys ocellatus Chiasmodontidae Chiasmodontidae Chiasmodon niger Icosteidae Icosteus aenigmaticus Trichiuridae Aphanopus carbo Lepidopus caudatus Scombridae Scomber japonicus Stromateidae Peprilus simillimus Paralichthyidae Citharichthys sordidus C. xanthostigma Pleuronectidae Atheresthes stomias Embassichthys bathybius Eopsetta jordani Glyptocephalus zachirus Hippoglossina stomata Common name Black eelpout Blackbelly eelpout Eelpout unident. Giant wrymouth Wolf-eel Swallower unident. Black swallower Ragfish Black scabbardfish Scabbardfish Chub mackerel Pacific butterfish Pacific sanddab Longfin sanddab Arrowtooth flounder Deepsea sole Petrale sole Rex sole Bigmouth sole Min. 130 52 371 158 54 848 1,097 1,201 667 163 63 53 52 58 52 276 52 52 55 Depth (m) Max. Mean 1,162 486 349 128 371 371 290 108 848 1,186 1,201 667 295 752 128 3025 125 1,111 1,428 404 695 252 224 74 848 1,156 1,201 667 237 182 77 103 72 196 889 127 214 101 28 Table 3 continued. Frequency of occurrence, depth, and latitudinal ranges for fish and invertebrate species, grouped by family (or higher taxonomic classification), caught during the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. Frequency of occurrence (No. hauls) 45 29 5 30 271 430 6 237 8 68 1 23 10 2 1 11 1 14 102 4 9 1 33 15 6 1 Latitudinal range (dd) South North 42.02 48.37 38.88 48.23 40.57 46.99 33.05 48.20 32.59 48.37 32.59 48.37 33.26 37.96 32.59 48.37 37.15 44.66 32.73 47.94 34.23 34.23 32.61 37.86 37.15 48.36 33.76 34.32 34.13 33.40 39.75 33.17 32.59 46.79 36.26 48.20 32.73 32.75 32.86 45.69 34.13 47.87 39.75 47.99 48.21 48.21 45.43 48.20 47.99 47.99 33.58 45.69 Family and scientific name Hippoglossoides elassodon Hippoglossus stenolepis Isopsetta isolepis Lepidopsetta bilineata Lyopsetta exilis Microstomus pacificus Paralichthys californicus Parophrys vetulus Platichthys stellatus Pleuronichthys decurrens P. ritteri P. verticalis Psettichthys melanostictus Xystreurys liolepis Cynoglossidae Symphurus atricaudus Osteichthyes (superclass) Osteichthyes (superclass) Porifera (phylum) Hexactinellida Porifera unident. Porifera Porifera Porifera Aphrocallistes vastus Hylonema sp. Leucandra heathi Polymastia pachymastia Common name Flathead sole Pacific halibut Butter sole Southern rock sole Slender sole Dover sole California halibut English sole Starry flounder Curlfin sole Spotted turbot Hornyhead turbot Sand sole Fantail sole California tonguefish Fish unident. Fish eggs unident. Glass sponge unident. Sponge unident. Soft green sponge Vase sponge White claypipe sponge Clay pipe sponge Fiber optic sponge Spiny vase sponge Black-orange spud sponge Min. 77 53 52 52 52 52 53 52 53 52 85 55 52 63 108 55 117 130 59 285 352 130 130 240 552 112 Depth (m) Max. Mean 346 154 273 141 71 63 141 92 621 199 1,235 359 67 61 404 123 75 63 302 91 85 85 121 79 73 61 67 65 108 1,149 117 1,097 1,206 1,197 1,050 130 1,163 1,115 910 112 108 637 117 502 510 735 466 130 577 807 781 112 29 Table 3 continued. Frequency of occurrence, depth, and latitudinal ranges for fish and invertebrate species, grouped by family (or higher taxonomic classification), caught during the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. Frequency of occurrence (No. hauls) 4 1 1 1 144 3 28 48 1 20 26 14 18 1 10 104 21 1 1 11 43 10 56 3 2 21 Latitudinal range (dd) South North 33.56 45.79 32.67 32.67 34.23 34.23 45.07 45.07 32.86 44.01 32.85 35.73 45.55 37.09 36.93 32.63 38.94 43.21 34.93 32.75 33.02 47.93 32.75 33.46 32.96 32.61 32.75 35.32 46.27 33.05 48.21 44.85 47.99 46.69 45.55 44.83 47.94 47.72 44.97 43.21 44.97 48.23 47.99 47.93 32.75 45.47 46.93 36.39 48.21 45.39 48.21 48.16 Family and scientific name Rhabdocalyptus sp. Suberites ficus S. sp. Tethya sp. Scyphozoa (class) Scyphozoa Aequorea sp. Atolla sp. Aurelia labiata A. sp. Chrysaora melanaster C. sp. Periphylla periphylla Phacellophora camtschatica P. sp. Anthozoa (class) Actiniaria Actiniaria Actiniaria Alcyonacea Alyconaria Antipatheria Actinostolidae Gorgonacea Hormathiidae Pennatulacea Scleractinia Virgularidae Common name Cloud sponge Hermit sponge Deep-sea free-living sponge Ball sponge Jellyfish unident. Wheel jelly Moon jelly Sunrise jelly Chrysaora jellyfish Purple cone jelly Egg-yolk jelly Min. 180 130 395 131 53 82 540 53 120 53 52 602 64 54 273 54 602 255 419 154 273 59 124 224 555 63 Depth (m) Max. Mean 1,021 558 130 130 395 395 131 131 1,428 721 1,428 1,162 120 695 506 1,235 859 54 933 1,197 1,197 255 419 1,115 1,235 1,184 1,206 828 1,115 1,206 441 433 965 317 120 193 125 939 243 54 529 472 952 255 419 570 780 434 703 485 835 492 30 Purple striated anemone unident. Sea anemone unident. Red striated anemone unident. Soft coral unident. Octocoral unident. Black coral unident. Gorgonian coral unident. Hormathiid anemones unident. Sea pen or sea whip unident. Stony coral unident. Sea whip unident. Table 3 continued. Frequency of occurrence, depth, and latitudinal ranges for fish and invertebrate species, grouped by family (or higher taxonomic classification), caught during the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. Frequency of occurrence (No. hauls) 38 12 7 4 13 1 55 5 1 1 1 6 1 1 92 179 2 11 1 170 1 2 14 27 1 26 34 8 Latitudinal range (dd) South North 32.86 48.21 32.86 35.73 32.86 37.27 34.82 47.81 33.56 45.39 33.71 33.71 32.63 48.21 36.88 46.56 47.62 47.62 33.58 33.58 32.61 32.61 32.86 45.47 36.39 36.39 47.54 47.54 32.86 47.75 32.59 48.15 42.39 47.94 35.24 47.47 47.62 47.62 32.75 47.99 47.43 47.43 34.22 47.99 34.28 44.83 34.23 47.97 42.33 42.33 32.74 46.94 33.32 47.47 33.50 47.47 Family and scientific name Actinauge verrilli Actinernus sp. Actinoscyphia sp. Actinostola sp. Anthomastus sp. A. sp. Anthoptilum grandiflorum Antipathes sp. Bathypathes sp. Callogorgia sp. Caryophyllia alaskensis Corallimorphus sp. Isidella sp. Leptogorgia caryi Liponema brevicornis Metridium farcimen M. senile Ombellula sp. Oractis diomedeae Paractinostola faeculenta Paragorgia sp. Pennatula phosphorea Ptilosarcus gurneyi Stomphia coccinea S. sp. Stylatula sp. S. gracilis Swiftia sp. Common name Reticulated anemone Lava anemones Sea whip anemone Mushroom coral Red anthomastus Fleshy sea pen Black coral Quill black coral Alaska cup coral Club tipped anemone Articulated bamboo coral Red licorice coral Pom pom anemone Giant anemone Colonial plumose sea anemone Flower sea pen Grape anemone Rough anemone Peppermint coral Branched sea pen Orange sea pen Swimming anemone Slender sea whip Slender sea whip Red sea fan Min. 132 645 63 467 351 447 161 161 969 820 72 475 1,050 181 119 53 64 664 969 235 711 465 58 67 385 63 64 110 Depth (m) Max. Mean 1,428 769 1,188 915 1,206 750 1,197 809 1,021 626 447 447 1,206 744 1,162 619 969 969 820 820 72 72 969 762 1,050 1,050 181 181 1,428 651 825 144 304 184 1,428 977 969 969 1,428 699 711 711 991 728 292 125 1,039 320 385 385 907 279 1,151 596 1,184 584 31 Table 3 continued. Frequency of occurrence, depth, and latitudinal ranges for fish and invertebrate species, grouped by family (or higher taxonomic classification), caught during the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. Frequency of occurrence (No. hauls) 16 25 1 41 5 1 3 1 6 4 4 14 10 1 1 1 1 10 1 10 1 Latitudinal range (dd) South North 34.86 48.00 33.82 48.36 42.09 42.09 32.59 33.91 42.60 32.95 33.27 36.39 36.74 34.23 33.56 33.01 48.06 33.32 46.47 32.84 32.85 38.01 32.96 45.06 36.94 45.00 42.60 33.82 33.27 45.00 45.79 41.00 46.63 48.16 48.06 33.32 46.47 32.84 45.67 38.01 47.81 45.06 Family and scientific name Urticina felina U. sp. Virgularia sp. Hydrozoa (class) Dromalia alexandri Ctenophora (phylum) Ctenophora Beroe sp. Nemata (phylum) Nematoda Gymnolaemata (class) Gymnolaemata Brachiopoda (phylum) Brachiopoda Laqueus californianus Aplacophora (class) Aplacophora Neomenia sp. Bivalvia (class) Bivalvia Pectinid Acesta sphoni Calyptogena pacifica Chlamys rubida Delectopecten vancouverensis Panopea abrupta Parvamussium alaskense Patinopectin caurinus Common name Painted anemone Smoothstem sea whip Sea pineapple Comb jelly unident. Min. 69 58 96 148 112 1,235 65 846 118 91 74 371 100 112 691 458 59 533 80 611 92 Depth (m) Max. Mean 581 146 364 121 96 96 894 571 1,235 1,188 846 1,050 180 946 1,054 1,123 112 691 458 59 1,201 80 1,197 92 539 370 1,235 483 846 373 120 569 707 545 112 691 458 59 917 80 936 92 Nematode worm unident. Marine bryozoan unident. Lampshells unident. California lamp shell Solenogaster unident. 32 Bivalve unident. Scallop unident. Siphons giant file clam Reddish scallop Glass scallop Pacific geoduck Alaska glass scallop Weather vane scallop Table 3 continued. Frequency of occurrence, depth, and latitudinal ranges for fish and invertebrate species, grouped by family (or higher taxonomic classification), caught during the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. Frequency of occurrence (No. hauls) 1 1 2 10 1 8 40 4 2 16 2 7 22 4 2 19 4 1 4 129 6 8 3 26 68 20 27 Latitudinal range (dd) South North 43.67 43.67 47.54 34.27 32.75 33.41 36.88 33.56 34.91 42.14 39.04 42.07 41.00 33.08 37.27 32.63 32.75 36.95 33.50 32.96 32.59 34.32 32.83 33.54 37.15 32.63 32.59 34.23 47.54 47.72 46.47 33.41 48.04 48.21 48.21 45.30 47.43 44.44 45.43 44.84 45.39 47.49 42.07 45.94 33.50 44.71 48.00 45.30 43.98 34.63 45.73 48.21 35.32 47.81 Family and scientific name Yoldia scissurata Cephalopoda (class) Cephalopoda Cranchiidae Decabrachia Decabrachia Benthoctopus leioderma B. sp. Berryteuthis magister Chiroteuthis calyx Dosidicus gigas Galiteuthis phyllura Gonatopsis borealis Gonatus onyx G. sp. Graneledone sp. Histioteuthis heteropsis H. hoylei Histioteuthis sp. Japatella heathi Loligo opalescens Moroteuthis robusta Octopodidae Octopus sp. Enteroctopus dofleini Octopoteuthis deletron Octopus californicus Opisthoteuthis californiana Common name Criss-crossed yoldia Cephalopod unident. Mystery squid Squid unident. Squid eggs unident. Smooth octopus unident. Magistrate armhook squid Glass squid Humboldt squid, “Rojo Diablo” Arrow squid North Pacific armhook squid Arm tooth squid Deep-sea octopus unident. Jewel or cock-eyed squid Long-armed jewel squid Jewel squid Yellow ringed octopus California market squid Big squid Octopus unident. Octopus unident. Giant Pacific octopus Octopus squid North Pacific bigeye octopus Flapjack devilfish Min. 103 903 465 404 1,206 98 177 397 602 131 176 358 91 154 1,205 246 81 1,184 794 53 273 73 273 98 292 121 311 Depth (m) Max. Mean 103 103 903 1,032 1,201 1,206 1,197 1,428 569 1,155 743 230 1,115 1,186 402 1,428 1,201 745 1,184 1,045 888 422 645 397 683 1,297 533 1,050 903 748 658 1,206 565 713 517 879 345 203 579 631 256 1,317 555 553 1,184 904 141 352 289 321 486 763 311 635 33 Table 3 continued. Frequency of occurrence, depth, and latitudinal ranges for fish and invertebrate species, grouped by family (or higher taxonomic classification), caught during the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. Frequency of occurrence (No. hauls) 46 1 22 21 3 5 43 4 3 3 84 1 1 1 7 9 23 4 1 1 12 75 2 41 2 74 3 Latitudinal range (dd) South North 34.36 48.04 42.14 42.14 32.86 46.42 32.85 33.02 32.96 32.59 44.33 44.30 44.22 32.75 45.31 41.26 45.31 40.91 35.92 33.58 44.44 43.32 47.47 44.12 32.96 44.73 32.85 42.33 32.59 32.96 47.72 36.04 34.31 48.20 46.97 45.79 44.66 47.99 45.31 41.26 45.31 47.47 47.99 48.04 48.04 43.32 47.47 47.86 47.99 44.80 48.21 45.72 42.14 47.99 Family and scientific name Rossia pacifica Taonius pavo Vampyroteuthis infernalis Gastropoda (class) Gastropod eggs Gastropod Heteropoda Nudibranchia Dorididae Archidoris odhneri Armina californica Bathybembix bairdii Boreotrophon sp. Buccinum sp. B. sp. eggs B. strigillatum B. viridum Bulbus fragilis Calinaticina oldroydii Calliostoma platinum Colus sp. Fusitriton oregonensis Neptunea amianta N. pribiloffensis N. sp. N. stilesi Pleurobranchaea californica Plicifusus griseus Common name Bobtail squid Cone squid Vampire squid Snail eggs Snail unident. Heteropod unident. Nudibranch unident. Dorid nudibranch unident. White night doris Striped tongue nudibranch Green top snail Min. 63 1,155 137 64 836 80 63 67 98 53 285 384 1,134 384 276 906 71 133 828 1,011 91 206 333 304 253 55 869 Depth (m) Max. Mean 1,151 168 1,155 1,155 1,297 955 1,201 1,123 910 1,184 92 180 83 1,235 384 1,134 384 1,048 1,297 292 230 828 1,011 408 1,279 683 1,201 280 388 1,011 863 955 514 279 82 126 73 880 384 1,134 384 527 1,081 145 165 828 1,011 247 756 508 768 266 143 957 34 Striated buccinum Green buccinum Fragile moonsnail Silvery top snail Hairy triton Deep-sea neptune Pribilof neptune Stile’s neptune California sea slug Common plicifusus Table 3 continued. Frequency of occurrence, depth, and latitudinal ranges for fish and invertebrate species, grouped by family (or higher taxonomic classification), caught during the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. Frequency of occurrence (No. hauls) 1 1 132 3 41 10 2 1 13 4 8 7 6 7 33 1 1 3 4 1 2 11 1 3 160 Latitudinal range (dd) South North 37.96 37.96 43.03 43.03 32.74 47.99 42.07 32.85 33.17 40.55 48.37 34.22 48.04 33.68 33.11 36.12 32.86 32.59 46.79 36.12 32.95 39.30 33.08 44.67 32.59 43.21 47.50 34.70 42.33 48.33 46.47 40.57 48.37 48.10 48.23 40.57 35.76 46.93 47.47 47.80 46.79 36.12 34.05 46.22 33.08 45.73 38.21 43.21 47.94 47.94 Family and scientific name Polinices sp. Tochuina tetraquetra Tritonia diomedea Sipuncula (phylum) Sipuncula Polychaeta (class) Aphroditidae Polychaeta Polychaeta Polychaeta Aphrodita sp. Malacostraca (class) Calappidae Dendrobrachiata Galatheidae Isopoda Mysidacea Paguridae Pandalidae Thoracica Pleocyemata Acanthephyra curtirostris A. sp. Acantholithodes hispidus Cancer anthonyi C. branneri C. gracilis C. magister Common name Giant orange tochui Rosy tritonia Peanut worm unident. Min. 62 235 55 132 112 71 71 191 133 134 71 141 53 846 72 109 60 65 851 1,186 235 55 54 64 52 Depth (m) Max. Mean 62 62 235 235 1,279 371 385 1,201 1,206 100 191 1,428 167 776 1,188 1,134 1,186 1,206 109 60 238 1,134 1,186 250 204 54 700 835 231 465 568 86 191 418 147 394 675 600 992 500 109 60 123 963 1,186 243 92 54 278 123 Polychaete worm unident. Worm unident. Tube worm unident. Sea mouse unident. Box crab unident. Shrimp unident. Galatheid crab unident. Sea cockroach unident. Red mysid unident. Hermit crab unident. Pandalid shrimp unident. Barnacle unident. Crab unident. Peaked shrimp Fuzzy crab Yellow rock crab Furrowed rock crab Graceful rock crab Dungeness crab 35 Table 3 continued. Frequency of occurrence, depth, and latitudinal ranges for fish and invertebrate species, grouped by family (or higher taxonomic classification), caught during the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. Frequency of occurrence (No. hauls) 16 1 1 7 45 93 1 47 5 3 6 29 1 2 3 4 1 26 26 4 7 6 31 6 3 3 2 5 Latitudinal range (dd) South North 34.16 39.03 34.13 34.13 47.49 47.49 33.01 48.09 33.63 48.21 32.63 48.09 33.67 33.67 32.75 48.20 41.28 43.55 38.47 42.33 38.47 46.79 33.34 48.21 44.97 44.97 33.47 33.91 32.63 40.14 32.61 33.05 34.37 34.37 32.86 47.99 32.73 48.37 32.71 35.04 32.75 45.31 32.85 33.68 32.67 39.18 33.27 40.25 33.18 34.80 33.02 42.67 44.33 44.49 41.72 47.80 Family and scientific name C. productus C. sp. Chionoecetes angulatus C. bairdi C. sp. C. tanneri Chirostylus sp. Chorilia longipes Crangon communis C. septemspinosa C. sp. Eualus macrophthalmus E. sp. Glyptolithodes cristatipes Neognathophausia gigas Hemisquilla ensigra californiensis Lithodes aequispina L. couesi Lopholithodes foraminatus Loxorhynchus grandis Munida quadrispina Munidopsis sp. Mursia gaudichaudii Neognathophausia ingens Neolithodes diomedeae Notostomus japonicus Oregonia gracilis Paguristes turgidus Common name Red rock crab Cancer crab unident. Triangle tanner crab Baird’s tanner crab Tanner crab unident. Grooved tanner crab Spiny pinch bug Longhorned decorator crab Two-spine crangon Sand shrimp Big eyed eualid Eualid unident. Deep-sea rock crab Mantis shrimp Golden king crab Scarlet king crab Brown box crab Sheep crab Pinch bug Thorny pinch bug Shame faced crab Giant red mysid Spiky king crab Spinyridge shrimp Graceful decorator crab Hermit crab sp. Min. 63 108 1,428 154 280 273 1,170 67 132 117 88 340 446 269 885 63 301 711 67 55 250 752 57 741 1,054 663 67 103 Depth (m) Max. 437 108 1,428 878 1,197 1,428 1,170 1,206 202 141 188 1,197 446 533 1,205 79 301 1,188 519 60 864 1,201 252 1,184 1,170 1,159 91 304 Mean 164 108 1,428 356 763 818 1,170 584 158 131 129 566 446 401 1,011 72 301 953 202 57 577 970 115 876 1,128 982 79 205 36 Table 3 continued. Frequency of occurrence, depth, and latitudinal ranges for fish and invertebrate species, grouped by family (or higher taxonomic classification), caught during the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. Frequency of occurrence (No. hauls) 2 1 2 1 2 19 12 2 89 37 2 1 10 6 17 6 60 59 8 2 1 31 18 19 25 2 7 Latitudinal range (dd) South North 41.66 41.72 41.66 41.66 42.33 47.23 45.31 45.31 33.50 41.72 32.63 36.39 33.50 46.56 37.15 43.21 32.75 48.37 32.73 47.97 34.51 44.12 44.67 44.67 32.73 38.17 32.59 37.27 32.63 46.42 33.08 33.50 32.75 48.21 32.85 47.75 32.85 41.84 33.34 44.28 37.20 37.20 32.96 48.09 32.61 35.73 32.59 32.75 37.48 32.86 48.20 47.99 40.25 45.30 Family and scientific name Pagurus aleuticus P. confragosus P. rathbuni P. sp. P. tanneri Pandalopsis ampla P. dispar Pandalus hypsinotus P. jordani P. platyceros P. sp. P. tridens Paralithodes californiensis P. rathbuni Paralomis multispina P. sp. Pasiphaea pacifica P. tarda Polycheles sculptus Pugettia sp. Rhinolithodes wosnessenskii Sergestes sp. Sicyonia ingentis Asteroidea (class) Asteroidea Ampheraster marianus A. sp. Anteliaster sp. Common name Aleutian hermit crab Knobbyhand hermit Longfinger hermit Tanner’s hermit crab Smooth shrimp Sidestripe shrimp Coonstripe shrimp Southern pink shrimp Spot prawn Yellowleg pandalid California king crab Spiny king crab Hair crab Glass shrimp Crimson pasiphaeid Deep-sea lobster Kelp crab Rhinoceros crab Razor-back prawn Sea star unident. Pink star Soft star Min. 254 254 180 384 273 848 246 53 95 117 111 250 181 148 1,021 846 301 577 869 130 112 118 55 85 280 725 447 Depth (m) Max. 273 254 385 384 1,184 1,279 1,184 54 672 327 166 250 302 1,184 1,297 1,206 1,149 1,206 1,201 184 112 890 1,039 1,123 1,184 803 1,188 Mean 264 254 283 384 728 1,079 516 53 208 220 139 250 255 449 1,143 1,111 528 916 1,086 157 112 490 195 467 746 764 844 37 Table 3 continued. Frequency of occurrence, depth, and latitudinal ranges for fish and invertebrate species, grouped by family (or higher taxonomic classification), caught during the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. Family and scientific name Asterina miniata Asthenactis fisheri Astropecten californicus Brisingella exilis B. sp. Ceramaster leptoceramus C. patagonicus C. sp. Cheiraster dawsoni Cryptopeltaster lepidonotus Ctenodiscus crispatus C. sp. Dermasterias imbricata Diplopteraster multipes Dipsacaster borealis D. eximius D. sp. Henricia clarki H. leviuscula H. sp. Heterozonias alternatus Hippasteria californica H. sp. H. spinosa Leptychaster arcticus L. pacificus Lophaster furcilliger Frequency of occurrence (No. hauls) 4 1 18 7 4 22 1 2 14 4 8 3 12 16 3 33 6 2 1 16 142 70 41 56 1 1 13 Depth (m) Min. Max. Mean 58 65 62 1,184 1,184 1,184 67 923 231 537 707 628 568 781 689 533 1,188 720 752 752 752 672 707 690 92 903 386 103 1,021 564 255 1,111 448 295 1,123 731 53 132 90 252 1,103 455 637 1,123 894 64 1,188 751 672 1,145 854 280 846 563 91 91 91 67 1,097 332 89 1,428 776 63 1,428 784 73 1,197 466 65 1,159 345 133 133 133 991 991 991 497 1,428 1,138 Latitudinal range (dd) South North 35.52 38.21 33.50 33.50 32.92 43.39 38.21 43.75 36.88 37.29 32.75 41.89 33.34 33.34 38.21 42.10 38.89 47.54 33.56 36.88 43.88 46.93 33.02 43.68 35.65 48.36 33.63 45.77 33.02 39.60 32.75 37.48 33.68 41.89 33.27 42.33 44.33 44.33 33.17 48.11 32.85 48.16 32.73 47.99 38.47 48.23 32.96 48.20 48.11 48.11 47.99 47.99 33.18 47.49 Common name Bat star Slimy deep-sea sun star California sand star Lacy-armed star California cookie star Orange cookie star Fragile star Grainy star Mud star Leather star Pincushion sea star Northern sand star Broad sand star Serpent-armed henricia Blood star Pink sun star Deep-sea spiny star Spiny star Arctic sand star Pacific sand star Pink crested star 38 Table 3 continued. Frequency of occurrence, depth, and latitudinal ranges for fish and invertebrate species, grouped by family (or higher taxonomic classification), caught during the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. Family and scientific name L. sp. L. vexator Luidia foliolata L. sp. Mediaster aequalis M. sp. M. tenellus Myxoderma platyacanthum M. sacculatum Nearchaster aciculosus Orthasterias koehleri O. sp. Pedicellaster sp. Pisaster brevispinus P. ochraceus Poraniopsis flexilis P. inflata Pseudarchaster alascensis P. pusillus P. sp. Pteraster jordani P. militaris P. sp. P. tesselatus P. trigonodon Pycnopodia helianthoides Rathbunaster californicus Frequency of occurrence (No. hauls) 1 3 254 1 49 18 2 70 19 46 8 1 4 41 11 5 18 13 3 5 41 11 6 11 3 75 105 Depth (m) Min. Max. Mean 1,145 1,145 1,145 137 969 670 53 820 162 65 65 65 65 1,279 279 81 476 231 440 985 713 323 1,163 616 567 1,297 956 547 1,428 986 60 235 110 181 181 181 253 957 657 52 447 111 53 155 100 67 351 146 91 848 264 211 683 375 371 506 454 100 566 284 235 1,428 825 120 1,097 601 255 1,201 947 67 903 237 846 1,184 1,017 53 454 114 53 995 252 Latitudinal range (dd) South North 37.40 37.40 39.88 47.62 32.59 48.36 32.95 32.95 33.71 48.11 34.05 48.16 35.51 38.24 33.32 47.80 34.51 46.42 32.85 47.99 36.12 48.20 47.54 47.54 42.30 45.72 33.71 47.94 43.45 48.06 40.91 48.20 33.22 48.20 40.91 45.70 34.30 36.97 32.59 43.68 32.85 47.54 32.96 48.23 32.85 47.93 39.88 48.23 33.27 33.56 34.70 48.36 32.75 47.93 Common name Crested star Flat mud star Equal armed star Pale equal armed star Red star Snakehead star Deep-sea fragile star Rainbow star 39 Short-spined pink star Purple sea star Flexible thorny star Thorny star Alaskan pseudarchaster Little pseudarchaster Jordan’s slime star Wrinkled slime star Slimy cushion star Triangle-toothed cushion star Sunflower star Deep-sea sunflower star Table 3 continued. Frequency of occurrence, depth, and latitudinal ranges for fish and invertebrate species, grouped by family (or higher taxonomic classification), caught during the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. Frequency of occurrence (No. hauls) 98 1 3 10 12 11 2 60 2 141 77 7 6 1 2 195 1 149 11 4 2 16 5 1 7 3 Latitudinal range (dd) South North 32.85 48.21 43.21 43.21 44.38 48.33 33.40 47.93 44.28 48.23 33.56 48.23 44.33 45.73 32.73 48.30 34.90 35.71 32.75 47.93 32.85 47.99 33.82 33.82 44.30 32.74 32.59 34.17 33.22 33.32 34.62 34.23 33.34 34.75 34.42 32.95 48.07 47.99 47.54 44.30 33.05 48.37 34.17 48.37 48.21 45.31 34.36 35.79 44.37 34.42 48.20 48.20 Family and scientific name Solaster borealis S. dawsoni S. endeca S. exiguus S. papposus S. sp. S. stimpsoni Stylasterias forreri S. sp. Thrissacanthias penicillatus Zoroaster evermani Crinoidea (class) Crinoidea Florometra serratissima F. sp. Echinoidea (class) Echinoidea Allocentrotus fragilis A. sp. Brisaster latifrons B. sp. B. townsendi Brissopsis pacifica Spatangus californicus Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis S. franciscanus S. pallidus S. sp. Common name Grooved sun star Morning sun star Northern sun star Deep-sea sun star Rose star Orange sun star Striped sun star Fish-eating star Carpet star Slender star Crinoid unident. Feather star Min. 108 54 98 255 98 83 91 55 74 163 163 196 92 99 63 67 645 85 295 163 311 85 91 163 65 108 Depth (m) Max. Mean 1,428 831 54 54 346 213 1,279 1,028 34 177 1,021 349 235 163 721 180 499 286 1,428 771 1,428 912 1,163 1,115 99 73 1,184 645 1,206 820 743 397 429 370 163 346 146 717 474 99 68 409 645 400 530 457 354 248 227 163 174 125 40 Sea urchin unident. Fragile red sea urchin Mud urchin Giant mud urchin Oval sea biscuit Giant sea biscuit Green sea urchin Red urchin Crowned urchin Table 3 continued. Frequency of occurrence, depth, and latitudinal ranges for fish and invertebrate species, grouped by family (or higher taxonomic classification), caught during the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. Frequency of occurrence (No. hauls) 15 11 38 59 105 2 30 1 1 19 18 7 17 1 11 12 14 21 14 31 8 1 9 2 1 3 Latitudinal range (dd) South North 32.63 33.02 33.08 32.61 32.75 32.59 32.75 47.80 36.39 33.56 32.85 32.83 32.73 46.93 33.18 34.93 33.34 33.40 33.50 32.59 32.73 45.20 33.32 33.34 33.17 45.31 44.33 47.80 47.99 48.30 48.36 32.63 48.21 47.80 36.39 47.99 47.81 33.58 45.47 46.93 47.62 45.44 45.37 47.47 47.81 47.26 45.44 45.20 46.42 45.43 33.17 45.43 Family and scientific name Holothuroidea (class) Holothuroidea Molpadia intermedia Pannychia moseleyi Parastichopus californicus P. leukothele P. sp. Pseudostichopus mollis P. sp. Psolus fabricii P. squamatus Scotoplanes globosa Synallactes challengeri Ophiuroidea (class) Ophiuroid Amphiuridae Amphiophiura sp. A. ponderosa Asteronyx longifissa A. loveni A. sp. Gorgonocephalus eucnemis Ophiacantha diplasia O. enneactis O. sp. Ophiomusium jolliensis O. lymani Ophiopholis longispina Common name Sea cucumber unident. Purple sea potato Sloppy cucumber California cucumber Giant soft cucumber Sandy sea cucumber Brown-scaled sea cucumber White-scaled cucumber Sea pig Min. 80 72 371 54 54 148 253 397 1,050 235 985 200 98 1,111 894 442 132 163 76 54 250 371 196 467 1,097 384 Depth (m) Max. Mean 1,205 1,123 1,206 942 1,151 1,205 1,206 397 1,050 1,197 1,428 1,188 1,279 1,111 1,428 1,145 825 1,206 1,197 894 910 371 1,297 752 1,097 467 736 336 725 144 238 677 561 397 1,050 853 1,165 750 771 1,111 1,036 770 509 692 659 186 524 371 691 610 1,097 420 41 Brittlestar unident. Brittlestar unident. Southern armored brittlestar Giant armored brittlestar Long-slit serpent brittlestar Giant serpent brittlestar Basket star Lacy brittle star Red brittlestar Lyman’s brittlestar Longspined brittle star Table 3 continued. Frequency of occurrence, depth, and latitudinal ranges for fish and invertebrate species, grouped by family (or higher taxonomic classification), caught during the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. Frequency of occurrence (No. hauls) 2 36 1 16 84 8 2 34 9 8 Latitudinal range (dd) South North 45.41 45.43 38.18 48.11 35.51 35.51 33.08 32.75 33.11 34.67 32.86 42.30 32.96 45.72 48.21 48.21 36.23 48.33 44.92 47.67 Family and scientific name Ophioscolex sp. Ophiura sarsi O. sp. Tunicata (subphylum) Ascidian Thaliacea Molgula grifithsii Pyrosoma atlanticum Styela rustica Thetys vagina Invertebrate 42 Common name Notched brittlestar Min. 408 64 985 67 53 555 126 90 188 80 Depth (m) Max. Mean 467 438 923 380 985 985 1,188 1,201 1,197 240 1,188 786 1,188 656 501 911 183 510 540 542 Tunicate unident. Salps unident. Sea grape Sea tongue Sea potato Rabbit-eared salp Invertebrate unident. Tables 4–9 list the number of individual fish lengths collected by species and by depth strata for all INPFC areas combined and for the individual INPFC areas. Only the top 35 most frequently measured fish species are included in these tables. Temperature Data Near bottom temperatures ranged from 3.1°C to 13.5°C during the May–July 2004 portion of the survey, and from 2.6°C to 12.6°C during the August–October 2004 portion of the survey (Figure 5). The mean bottom temperature was 7.1°C. Sea surface temperatures ranged from 10.0°C to 22.2°C during the May–July 2004 portion of the survey, and from 7.8°C to 19.4°C during the August–October 2004 portion of the survey (Figure 6). The mean sea-surface temperature was 14.6°C. Relative Density and Distribution of Species Information on the relative density and distribution of the 20 most abundant groundfish and select crab species are reported in several ways: 1) for all depth strata and INPFC areas combined (Table 10), 2) by depth strata for all INPFC areas combined (Table 11), and 3) by depth stratum within each individual INPFC area (Tables 12–16). The top five species for all areas and depth strata combined (i.e., survey wide) included Dover sole, Pacific hake (Merluccius productus), longspine thornyhead, sablefish, and spiny dogfish. For all depth strata combined, Dover sole had the highest catch rate in the Eureka INPFC area and the second highest rates in the U.S.-Vancouver, Columbia, and Monterey INPFC areas. Within depth strata for all INPFC areas combined, Dover sole ranked first at mid depths (184–549 m) and second in both the shallow (55–183 m) and deep (550–1,280 m) strata (Table 11). Pacific hake had the second highest catch rate for all INPFC area combined and the highest catch rate in the Columbia INPFC area (Table 10). Within depth strata for all INPFC areas combined, Pacific hake ranked first at shallow depths (55–183 m) and fourth in the mid depth (184–549 m) stratum (Table 11). Longspine thornyheads had the highest catch rate in the Conception INPFC area for all depth strata combined and the third highest catch rate for all INPFC areas combined (Table 10). Longspine thornyhead was the most abundant species in the deep stratum (550–1,280 m) when all INPFC areas were combined. When all INPFC areas combined were separated into depth strata, spiny dogfish had the second highest catch rate in the shallow stratum and sablefish had the second highest catch rate in the mid-depth stratum (Table 11). Catch rates varied with depth stratum for the individual INPFC areas (Tables 12–16). Within individual INPFC areas, the dominance of Dover sole in the catch tended to decline in the southern portion of the survey (Tables 12–16). Pacific hake catch rates were highest in the shallow stratum in the Eureka and Columbia INPFC areas (Tables 14–15) while longspine thornyhead catch rates were highest in the deep water stratum in the Conception and Columbia INPFC areas (Tables 12 and 14). In the shallow stratum, spiny dogfish had the highest catch rates in the Monterey and U.S.-Vancouver INPFC areas, while halfbanded rockfish (Sebastes semicinctus) was the predominant species in the shallow stratum in the Conception INPFC area 43 Table 4. Number of length-frequency measurements collected by stratum for the most frequently sampled groundfish species during the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey for all the INPFC areas combined. Species Spiny dogfish California skate Longnose skate Pacific sanddab Arrowtooth flounder Flathead sole Petrale sole English sole Dover sole Rex sole Curlfin sole Sablefish Pacific grenadier Lingcod Pacific hake Shortspine thornyhead Longspine thornyhead Pacific ocean perch Aurora rockfish Greenspotted rockfish Darkblotched rockfish Splitnose rockfish Greenstriped rockfish Yellowtail rockfish Chilipepper rockfish Rosethorn rockfish Shortbelly rockfish Blackgill rockfish Bocaccio Canary rockfish Redstripe rockfish Stripetail rockfish Halfbanded rockfish Sharpchin rockfish Swordspine rockfish Stratum 1 (55-183 m) 2,135 493 1,522 12,452 1,858 476 3,333 8,525 7,030 8,831 659 1,142 0 1,235 1,484 35 0 87 0 531 505 217 2,218 703 2,934 436 1,938 0 431 561 510 2,476 1,692 283 205 Stratum 2 (184-549 m) 511 3 1,060 323 924 43 214 633 7,395 5,529 9 1,878 26 228 2,381 5,149 1,654 478 1,076 43 557 5,013 505 0 869 567 982 466 66 16 17 2,381 12 893 125 Stratum 3 (550-1,280 m) 1 0 84 0 3 0 0 0 3,899 433 0 1,811 2,471 0 51 1,780 10,940 0 109 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total 2,647 496 2,666 12,775 2,785 519 3,547 9,158 18,324 14,793 668 4,831 2,497 1,463 3,916 6,964 12,594 565 1,185 574 1,062 5,230 2,723 703 3,803 1,003 2,920 467 497 577 527 4,857 1,704 1,176 330 44 Table 5. Number of length-frequency measurements collected by stratum for the most frequently sampled groundfish species during the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey for the INPFC Conception area. Species Spiny dogfish California skate Longnose skate Pacific sanddab Arrowtooth flounder Flathead sole Petrale sole English sole Dover sole Rex sole Curlfin sole Sablefish Pacific grenadier Lingcod Pacific hake Shortspine thornyhead Longspine thornyhead Pacific ocean perch Aurora rockfish Greenspotted rockfish Darkblotched rockfish Splitnose rockfish Greenstriped rockfish Yellowtail rockfish Chilipepper rockfish Rosethorn rockfish Shortbelly rockfish Blackgill rockfish Bocaccio Canary rockfish Redstripe rockfish Stripetail rockfish Halfbanded rockfish Sharpchin rockfish Swordspine rockfish Stratum 1 (55–183 m) 59 78 109 2,371 0 0 119 546 30 156 161 25 0 67 7 0 0 0 0 121 17 55 87 77 394 6 417 0 54 117 0 1,108 1,300 0 205 Stratum 2 (184–549 m) 38 3 357 316 0 0 63 200 1,927 995 9 287 0 122 1,467 698 491 0 456 25 30 2,104 70 0 312 73 748 394 33 0 0 1,090 8 0 125 Stratum 3 (550–1,280 m) 0 0 21 0 0 0 0 0 1,167 4 0 575 286 0 16 880 4,107 0 41 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total 97 81 487 2,687 0 0 182 746 3,124 1,155 170 887 286 189 1,490 1,578 4,598 0 497 146 47 2,159 157 77 706 79 1,165 394 87 117 0 2,198 1,308 0 330 45 Table 6. Number of length-frequency measurements collected by stratum for the most frequently sampled groundfish species during the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey for the INPFC Monterey area. Species Spiny dogfish California skate Longnose skate Pacific sanddab Arrowtooth flounder Flathead sole Petrale sole English sole Dover sole Rex sole Curlfin sole Sablefish Pacific grenadier Lingcod Pacific hake Shortspine thornyhead Longspine thornyhead Pacific ocean perch Aurora rockfish Greenspotted rockfish Darkblotched rockfish Splitnose rockfish Greenstriped rockfish Yellowtail rockfish Chilipepper rockfish Rosethorn rockfish Shortbelly rockfish Blackgill rockfish Bocaccio Canary rockfish Redstripe rockfish Stripetail rockfish Halfbanded rockfish Sharpchin rockfish Swordspine rockfish Stratum 1 (55-183 m) 1,042 401 723 4,508 10 0 1,243 2,888 863 1,966 313 166 0 556 412 0 0 0 0 276 51 0 518 102 2,150 17 1,505 0 377 103 0 957 380 1 0 Stratum 2 (184-549 m) 155 0 267 7 19 0 128 142 1,796 1,179 0 299 0 65 600 247 119 0 258 18 131 1,095 49 0 533 0 230 33 33 0 0 830 4 90 0 Stratum 3 (550-1,280 m) 1 0 47 0 0 0 0 0 1,208 84 0 378 369 0 3 239 1,897 0 67 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total 1,198 401 1,037 4,515 29 0 1,371 3,030 3,867 3,229 313 843 369 621 1,015 486 2,016 0 325 294 182 1,095 567 102 2,683 17 1,735 34 410 103 0 1,787 384 91 0 46 Table 7. Number of length-frequency measurements collected by stratum for the most frequently sampled groundfish species during the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey for the INPFC Eureka area. Species Spiny dogfish California skate Longnose skate Pacific sanddab Arrowtooth flounder Flathead sole Petrale sole English sole Dover sole Rex sole Curlfin sole Sablefish Pacific grenadier Lingcod Pacific hake Shortspine thornyhead Longspine thornyhead Pacific ocean perch Aurora rockfish Greenspotted rockfish Darkblotched rockfish Splitnose rockfish Greenstriped rockfish Yellowtail rockfish Chilipepper rockfish Rosethorn rockfish Shortbelly rockfish Blackgill rockfish Bocaccio Canary rockfish Redstripe rockfish Stripetail rockfish Halfbanded rockfish Sharpchin rockfish Swordspine rockfish Stratum 1 (55-183 m) 39 14 205 1,055 331 1 481 1,250 930 1,457 72 136 0 112 677 3 0 0 0 0 28 33 175 0 286 0 16 0 0 7 0 372 0 6 0 Stratum 2 (184-549 m) 15 0 189 0 152 0 3 6 744 903 0 512 0 9 297 521 0 5 42 0 203 439 34 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 148 0 27 0 Stratum 3 (550-1,280 m) 0 0 11 0 2 0 0 0 1,069 301 0 383 793 0 32 290 2,214 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total 54 14 405 1,055 485 1 484 1,256 2,743 2,661 72 1,031 793 121 1,006 814 2,214 5 42 0 231 472 209 0 286 0 16 0 0 7 1 520 0 33 0 47 Table 8. Number of length-frequency measurements collected by stratum for the most frequently sampled groundfish species during the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey for the INPFC Columbia area. Species Spiny dogfish California skate Longnose skate Pacific sanddab Arrowtooth flounder Flathead sole Petrale sole English sole Dover sole Rex sole Curlfin sole Sablefish Pacific grenadier Lingcod Pacific hake Shortspine thornyhead Longspine thornyhead Pacific ocean perch Aurora rockfish Greenspotted rockfish Darkblotched rockfish Splitnose rockfish Greenstriped rockfish Yellowtail rockfish Chilipepper rockfish Rosethorn rockfish Shortbelly rockfish Blackgill rockfish Bocaccio Canary rockfish Redstripe rockfish Stripetail rockfish Halfbanded rockfish Sharpchin rockfish Swordspine rockfish Stratum 1 (55-183 m) 351 0 397 4,069 1,112 287 1,193 3,046 4,018 4,402 112 671 0 447 388 14 0 2 0 127 310 74 1,097 137 104 293 0 0 0 177 385 38 12 147 0 Stratum 2 (184-549 m) 118 0 194 0 620 4 17 240 2,565 2,313 0 596 23 30 17 3,332 947 374 320 0 193 1,373 345 0 24 394 4 39 0 14 16 313 0 676 0 Stratum 3 (550-1,280 m) 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 372 24 0 342 801 0 0 245 2,345 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total 469 0 595 4,069 1,732 291 1,210 3,286 6,955 6,739 112 1,609 824 477 405 3,591 3,292 376 321 127 503 1,447 1,442 137 128 687 4 39 0 191 401 351 12 823 0 48 Table 9. Number of length-frequency measurements collected by stratum for the most frequently sampled groundfish species during the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey for the INPFC U.S.-Vancouver area. Species Spiny dogfish California skate Longnose skate Pacific sanddab Arrowtooth flounder Flathead sole Petrale sole English sole Dover sole Rex sole Curlfin sole Sablefish Pacific grenadier Lingcod Pacific hake Shortspine thornyhead Longspine thornyhead Pacific ocean perch Aurora rockfish Greenspotted rockfish Darkblotched rockfish Splitnose rockfish Greenstriped rockfish Yellowtail rockfish Chilipepper rockfish Rosethorn rockfish Shortbelly rockfish Blackgill rockfish Bocaccio Canary rockfish Redstripe rockfish Stripetail rockfish Halfbanded rockfish Sharpchin rockfish Swordspine rockfish Stratum 1 (55-183 m) 644 0 88 449 405 188 297 795 1,189 850 1 144 0 53 0 18 0 85 0 7 99 55 341 387 0 120 0 0 0 157 125 1 0 129 0 Stratum 2 (184-549 m) 185 0 53 0 133 39 3 45 363 139 0 184 3 2 0 351 97 99 0 0 0 2 7 0 0 100 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 100 0 Stratum 3 (550-1,280 m) 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 83 20 0 133 222 0 0 126 377 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total 829 0 142 449 539 227 300 840 1,635 1,009 1 461 225 55 0 495 474 184 0 7 99 57 348 387 0 220 0 0 0 159 125 1 0 229 0 49 Columbia/Vancouver Eureka 12 10 8 6 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 0 300 600 900 1200 1500 Temperature (degrees C) 4 2 0 0 300 600 900 1200 1500 Monterey 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 0 300 600 900 1200 1500 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 0 300 Conception 600 900 1200 1500 Depth (m) = Excaliber = Ms. Julie = B. J. Thomas Depth (m) Figure 5. Near bottom temperature observed at the mouth of the net for each tow conducted during the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. Observations are grouped by INPFC area and plotted relative to haul depth. 50 First pass 25 20 15 Ms. Julie Julie Ms. Temperature (degrees C) 10 5 32.0 35.5 39.0 42.5 46.0 49.5 Second pass 25 20 15 10 5 32.0 B.J. B.J. Thomas Thomas ▲ Excalibur Excalibur 35.5 39.0 42.5 46.0 49.5 Latitude (dd) Figure 6. Sea surface temperature observed at the start of each tow during the 2004 NWFSC West Coast groundfish trawl survey. Observations are grouped by date (first pass from 27 May 2004 to 22 July 2004, second pass from 21 August 2004 to 16 October 2004). 51 Table 10. Mean CPUE (kg/ha) of the 20 most abundant groundfish and selected crab species caught in each of the INPFC areas for all strata (55–1,280 m) combined during the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. All areas Number of hauls = 505 Dover sole 21.12 Pacific hake 13.06 Longspine thornyhead 12.16 Sablefish 10.57 Spiny dogfish 8.17 Chilipepper rockfish 5.95 Splitnose rockfish 4.45 Pacific sanddab 4.41 Rex sole 4.35 Shortspine thornyhead 4.34 Longnose skate 4.00 English sole 3.26 Shortbelly rockfish 3.15 Pacific grenadier 2.73 Arrowtooth flounder 2.66 Stripetail rockfish 2.27 Lingcod 21.. Grooved tanner crab 2.10 California slickhead 2.06 Giant grenadier 1.92 Eureka area Number of hauls = 57 Dover sole 39.45 Sablefish 20.31 Pacific hake 20.06 Longspine thornyhead 16.30 Rex sole 12.51 Pacific grenadier 11.96 English sole 9.57 Giant grenadier 7.32 Longnose skate 6.45 Splitnose rockfish 5.39 Grooved tanner crab 4.36 Shortspine thornyhead 3.76 Petrale sole 3.68 Chilipepper rockfish 3.39 Arrowtooth flounder 2.85 Pacific sanddab 2.80 Big skate 2.61 Stripetail rockfish 2.40 Lingcod 2.04 Slender sole 1.58 U.S.-Vancouver area Number of hauls = 46 Spiny dogfish 50.44 Dover sole 37.22 Sablefish 19.53 Arrowtooth flounder 18.94 Pacific ocean perch 11.26 Sharpchin rockfish 9.35 Canary rockfish 8.07 Longspine thornyhead 6.61 Yellowtail rockfish 6.52 Shortspine thornyhead 6.33 Spotted ratfish 5.60 Longnose skate 5.01 Grooved tanner crab 4.91 English sole 4.46 Pacific grenadier 3.65 Rex sole 3.54 Redbanded rockfish 2.76 Pacific hake 1.97 Pacific cod 1.87 Giant grenadier 1.87 Monterey area Number of hauls = 97 Chilipepper rockfish 34.31 Dover sole 31.61 Spiny dogfish 31.59 Sablefish 17.55 Longspine thornyhead 16.19 Pacific hake 14.53 Splitnose rockfish 11.30 Shortbelly rockfish 10.47 Pacific sanddab 10.15 Stripetail rockfish 9.80 Grooved tanner crab 7.55 Longnose skate 7.11 Lingcod 6.13 Rex sole 4.56 English sole 4.38 Bocaccio 3.66 Petrale sole 3.49 White croaker 3.42 Big Skate 2.83 Shortspine thornyhead 2.60 Columbia area Number of hauls = 162 Pacific hake 31.05 Dover sole 21.48 Sablefish 8.85 Pacific sanddab 8.61 Rex sole 7.83 Longspine thornyhead 6.79 Longnose skate 5.53 Arrowtooth flounder 5.52 English sole 5.37 Sharpchin rockfish 5.32 Shortspine thornyhead 3.87 Grooved tanner crab 3.51 Pacific grenadier 2.86 Giant grenadier 2.44 Splitnose rockfish 2.38 Lingcod 2.19 Spotted ratfish 1.82 Yellowtail rockfish 1.66 Petrale sole 1.61 Spiny dogfish 1.60 Conception area Number of hauls = 146 Longspine thornyhead 13.49 Dover sole 11.76 Sablefish 6.08 Shortspine thornyhead 5.06 California slickhead 3.93 Splitnose rockfish 3.58 Shortbelly rockfish 3.36 Pacific hake 2.94 Longnose skate 1.51 Halfbanded rockfish 1.39 Pacific grenadier 1.22 Filetail cat shark 1.08 Grooved tanner crab 1.07 Pacific sanddab 0.90 Giant grenadier 0.90 Spotted ratfish 0.90 Rex sole 0.88 Stripetail rockfish 0.83 Brown cat shark 0.83 Lingcod 0.82 52 Table 11. Mean CPUE (kg/ha) of the 20 most abundant groundfish and selected crab species caught by depth strata in all INPFC areas combined during the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. Stratum 1 (55–183 m) Pacific Hake 34.34 Spiny dogfish 28.02 Dover sole 16.67 Pacific sanddab 15.89 14.21 Chilipepper rockfish 11.17 English sole Rex sole 7.63 6.87 Longnose skate 5.68 Lingcod Petrale sole 4.73 4.69 Arrowtooth flounder 4.08 Shortbelly rockfish 3.96 Big skate Sablefish 3.95 3.80 Spotted ratfish Yellowtail rockfish 3.06 2.71 White croaker Halfbanded rockfish 2.66 2.56 Canary rockfish 2.50 Stripetail rockfish Number of hauls 239 Stratum 2 (184–549 m) Dover sole 30.60 Sablefish 21.67 20.05 Splitnose rockfish Pacific hake 16.75 Rex sole 9.70 Chilipepper rockfish 9.63 9.29 Shortbelly rockfish Longnose skate 8.48 Sharpchin rockfish 7.36 7.24 Stripetail rockfish Arrowtooth flounder 6.30 Shortspine thornyhead 5.32 Pacific ocean perch 3.48 2.90 Spiny dogfish Lingcod 2.66 2.49 Spotted rockfish Blackgill rockfish 1.44 Aurora rockfish 1.43 Bering skate 1.42 Bigfin eelpout 1.28 Number of hauls 133 Stratum 3 (550–1,280 m) Longspine thornyhead 23.49 Dover sole 19.36 Sablefish 9.24 Grooved tanner crab 6.25 Shortspine thornyhead 6.19 Pacific grenadier 5.36 California slickhead 4.05 Giant grenadier 3.76 Brown cat shark 1.27 Deepsea sole 1.19 Twoline eelpout 1.01 Filetail cat shark 0.77 Longnose skate 0.53 Pacific flatnose 0.50 Roughtail skate 0.48 Bigfin eelpout 0.38 Rex sole 0.30 Pacific hake 0.26 Snakehead eelpout 0.21 Aurora rockfish 0.17 Number of hauls 133 Table 12. Mean CPUE (kg/ha) of the 20 most abundant groundfish and selected crab species caught by depth strata in the Conception INPFC area during the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. Stratum 1 (55–183 m) Halfbanded rockfish Spotted ratfish Pacific sanddab White croaker Pacific butterfish Pink sea perch English sole Spiny dogfish California scorpionfish Stripetail rockfish California skate Pacific hake Lingcod Petrale sole Bocaccio Canary rockfish Greenspotted rockfish Longnose skate Big skate Copper rockfish Number of hauls 12.30 5.68 5.30 3.88 2.55 1.82 1.21 1.18 0.92 0.92 0.91 0.85 0.82 0.78 0.76 0.75 0.67 0.60 0.55 0.43 47 Stratum 2 (184–549 m) Splitnose rockfish Shortbelly rockfish Dover sole Pacific hake Longnose skate Sable fish Rex sole Stripetail rockfish Lingcod Blackgill rockfish Chilipepper rockfish Shortspine thornyhead Aurora rockfish Pacific sanddab Spotted ratfish Filetail cat shark English sole Longspine thornyhead Swordspine rockfish Slender sole Number of hauls 17.22 17.12 13.07 13.00 5.35 4.17 4.13 3.52 3.52 2.76 2.17 2.06 1.71 1.47 1.23 1.09 1.03 0.95 0.92 0.91 46 Stratum 3 (550–1,280 m) Longspine thornyhead 19.57 Dover sole 13.31 Sablefish 7.67 Shortspine thornyhead 6.82 California slickhead 5.79 Pacific grenadier 1.79 Grooved tanner crab 1.74 Giant grenadier 1.32 Filetail cat shark 1.25 Brown cat shark 1.08 Twoline eelpout 0.69 Deepsea sole 0.67 Roughtail skate 0.49 Longnose skate 0.49 Bigfin eelpout 0.43 Pacific flatnose 0.37 Pacific hake 0.22 Aurora rockfish 0.18 Deepsea skate unident. 0.16 Pacific sleeper shark 0.11 Number of hauls 53 53 Table 13. Mean CPUE (kg/ha) of the 20 most abundant groundfish and selected crab species caught by depth strata in the Monterey INPFC area during the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. Stratum 1 (55–183 m) Spiny dogfish Chilipepper rockfish Pacific sanddab Pacific hake Shortbelly rockfish Lingcod English sole Longnose skate White croaker Bocaccio Petrale sole Stripetail rockfish Big skate Dover sole Spotted ratfish California skate Sablefish Rex Sole Plainfin midshipman Greenstriped rockfish Number of hauls 75.09 53.13 24.62 17.73 17.10 12.44 9.87 9.32 8.31 7.89 6.90 6.73 6.45 6.14 3.55 3.48 3.45 3.27 1.43 1.27 59 Stratum 2 (184–549 m) Chilipepper rockfish Sablefish Splitnose rockfish Dover sole Pacific hake Stripetail rockfish Shortbelly rockfish Rex sole Longnose skate Lingcod Spiny dogfish Petrale sole Spotted ratfish Darkblotched rockfish Bering skate Sharpchin rockfish Boccacio Shortspine thornyhead Bigfin eelpout Aurora rockfish Number of hauls 71.23 68.86 64.71 51.65 40.94 40.26 19.64 17.47 15.49 5.78 3.84 3.73 3.47 2.79 2.49 2.41 2.37 2.18 2.17 1.95 17 Stratum 3 (550–1,280 m) Dover sole 48.51 Longspine thornyhead 39.09 Grooved tanner crab 18.25 Sablefish 9.93 Shortspine thornyhead 5.37 Pacific grenadier 2.88 Brown cat shark 2.52 Deepsea sole 2.36 California slickhead 2.31 Giant grenadier 2.23 Longnose skate 1.38 Twoline eelpout 1.00 Aurora rockfish 0.45 Rex sole 0.39 Bigfin eelpout 0.38 Snakehead eelpout 0.36 Pacific flatnose 0.23 Pacific hake 0.20 Bering skate 0.19 Roughtail skate 0.18 Number of hauls 21 Table 14. Mean CPUE (kg/ha) of the 20 most abundant groundfish and selected crab species caught by depth strata in the Eureka INPFC area during the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. Stratum 1 (55–183 m) Pacific hake English sole Dover sole Rex sole Petrale sole Chilipepper rockfish Longnose skate Pacific sanddab Big skate Stripetail rockfish Lingcod Arrowtooth flounder Sablefish Slender sole Spotted ratfish Greenstriped rockfish Northern anchovy Pacific tomcod Starry flounder California skate Number of hauls 43.70 29.28 25.95 20.67 11.22 10.40 9.77 8.58 7.99 6.42 5.53 5.49 4.82 4.27 2.53 1.07 1.02 0.92 0.77 0.66 20 Stratum 2 (184–549 m) Sablefish Dover sole Pacific hake Splitnose rockfish Rex sole Longnose skate Arrowtooth flounder Bigfin eelpout Darkblotched rockfish Bering skate Shortspine thornyhead Stripetail rockfish Brown cat shark Lingcod Spotted ratfish Slender sole Black eelpout Aurora rockfish Spiny dogfish Redbanded rockfish Number of hauls 71.55 67.64 33.37 33.00 28.19 18.67 6.31 5.42 5.27 4.92 3.21 1.85 1.48 1.42 1.41 1.15 0.90 0.74 0.51 0.39 12 Stratum 3 (550–1,280 m) Dover sole 39.07 Longspine thornyhead 31.92 Pacific grenadier 23.43 Giant grenadier 14.33 Sablefish 13.84 Grooved tanner crab 8.54 Shortspine thornyhead 6.34 Rex sole 2.28 Deepsea sole 2.27 California slickhead 1.42 Pacific flatnose 1.25 Brown cat shark 1.20 Bigfin eelpout 0.76 Black eelpout 0.76 Pacific hake 0.69 Roughtail skate 0.69 Twoline eelpout 0.64 Snakehead eelpout 0.61 Longnose skate 0.42 Deepsea skate unident. 0.15 Number of hauls 25 54 Table 15. Mean CPUE (kg/ha) of the 20 most abundant groundfish and selected crab species caught by depth strata in the Columbia INPFC area during the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. Stratum 1 (55–183 m) Pacific hake Dover sole Pacific sanddab English sole Rex sole Longnose skate Arrowtooth flounder Sablefish Lingcod Yellowtail rockfish Petrale sole Spotted ratfish Big skate Spiny dogfish Greenstriped rockfish Pacific cod Redstripe rockfish Sharpchin rockfish Darkblotched rockfish Slender sole Number of hauls 62.81 27.16 19.61 11.43 10.82 7.99 6.60 5.64 4.48 3.78 3.60 3.38 3.10 2.98 2.91 2.23 2.22 2.19 1.99 1.47 84 Stratum 2 (184–549 m) Dover sole sharpchin rockfish Sablefish Pacific hake Rex sole Shortspine thornyhead Arrowtooth flounder Splitnose rockfish Longnose skate Pacific ocean perch Stripetail rockfish Rougheye rockfish Aurora rockfish Slender sole Bering skate English sole Longspine thornyhead Spotted ratfish Darkblotched rockfish Bigfin eelpout Number of hauls 30.16 16.60 13.36 13.04 11.64 10.90 9.99 8.95 7.54 2.48 2.45 2.44 1.42 1.39 1.38 1.33 1.29 1.25 1.24 1.21 50 Stratum 3 (550–1,280 m) Longspine thornyhead 21.61 Grooved tanner crab 11.59 Sablefish 9.61 Pacific grenadier 9.59 8.17 Giant grenadier Dover sole 5.52 Shortspine thornyhead 3.30 Twoline eelpout 1.58 Deepsea sole 1.45 Brown cat shark 1.03 Pacific flatnose 0.80 California slickhead 0.67 Roughtail skate 0.51 Snakehead eelpout 0.37 Deepsea skate 0.36 Pacific hake 0.20 Deepsea skate unident. 0.17 Bering skate 0.15 0.15 Longnose skate Rex sole 0.07 Number of hauls 28 Table 16. Mean CPUE (kg/ha) of the 20 most abundant groundfish and selected crab species caught by depth strata in the U.S.-Vancouver INPFC area during the 2004 West Coast groundfish survey. Stratum 1 (55–183 m) Stratum 2 (184–549 m) Spiny dogfish 138.39 Dover sole Canary rockfish 25.59 Arrowtooth flounder Dover sole 24.46 Sablefish Arrowtooth flounder 22.83 Pacific ocean perch Yellowtail rockfish 20.97 Sharpchin rockfish English sole 12.66 Spiny dogfish Greenstriped rockfish 5.58 Spotted ratfish Sablefish 5.55 Longnose skate Pacific cod 5.35 Shortspine thornyhead Pacific sanddab 5.15 Redbanded rockfish Longnose skate 4.65 Rex sole Petrale sole 4.27 Rosethorn rockfish Spotted ratfish 3.92 Pacific hake Rex sole 3.68 Bering skate Pacific hake 3.57 Rougheye rockfish Big skate 3.23 English sole Lingcod 3.06 Lingcod Pacific halibut 2.60 Grooved tanner crab Slender sole 1.51 Slender sole Rosethorn rockfish 1.14 Flathead sole Number of hauls 29 Number of hauls 57.49 30.91 29.57 29.05 23.97 19.38 11.45 9.18 8.60 7.03 5.81 2.60 2.07 1.98 1.44 1.37 1.09 1.02 0.95 0.76 8 Stratum 3 (550–1,280 m) Dover sole 24.85 Sablefish 21.18 Longspine thornyhead 21.17 Grooved tanner crab 14.73 Pacific grenadier 11.89 Shortspine thornyhead 9.79 Giant grenadier 5.99 Twoline eelpout 5.55 Deapsea sole 2.31 Shortraker rockfish 1.49 Brown cat shark 1.32 Black eelpout 1.00 Roughtail skate 0.65 Pacific flatnose 0.62 Rex sole 0.58 Deepsea skate unident. 0.44 California slickhead 0.34 Snakehead eelpout 0.31 Pacific hake 0.21 Longnose skate 0.17 Number of hauls 6 55 (Tables 12–16). For the deep stratum, longspine thornyhead was the dominant species in the Conception and Columbia INPFC areas, while Dover sole was the dominant species in the Monterey, Eureka, and U.S.-Vancouver INPFC areas. Dover sole was also the dominant species in the mid-water stratum in the Columbia and U.S.-Vancouver INPFC areas while splitnose rockfish, chilipepper rockfish, and sablefish were most abundant at mid depths in the Conception, Monterey, and Eureka INPFC areas. Figures 7–35 (created with ArcGIS Software, Environmental Systems Research Institute Inc., Redlands, California) are maps showing the geographical distributions and relative abundances of select groundfish species. These maps show the location points of the hauls where the species were caught. Catch rates were categorized as follows: 1) no catch, 2) greater than zero but less than or equal to the mean CPUE, 3) greater than the mean CPUE but less than or equal to one standard deviation from the mean, 4) between one and two standard deviations greater than the mean CPUE, and 5) more than two standard deviations greater than the mean CPUE. Biomass and Population Estimates Abundance estimates of biomass in metric tons (mt) along with associated CVs are presented for the 20 most abundant groundfish and crab species (Tables 17–22) based on all areas combined by depth strata and INPFC areas. Dover sole had the highest biomass in the mid-depth stratum and in all depth strata for the combined INPFC areas (Table 17). Pacific hake, longspine thornyhead, sablefish, spiny dogfish, chilipepper, and splitnose rockfish followed Dover sole in decreasing order of biomass in all strata for the combined INPFC areas. Unlike Dover sole, Pacific hake and spiny dogfish exhibited higher biomass in the shallow stratum while longspine thornyheads had the highest biomass in the deep stratum (Table 17). Other species with elevated biomass in the deep stratum include shortspine thornyhead, grooved tanner crab, Pacific grenadier, California slickhead and giant grenadier. Sablefish had moderately high levels of biomass in both the mid-depth and deep strata while chilipepper biomass was elevated in the shallow and mid-depth strata. Splitnose rockfish were concentrated in the mid-depth stratum, where they ranked third overall for all INPFC areas combined. When depth strata are combined Dover sole biomass ranked first or second in all INPFC areas (Tables 18–22). For combined depth strata, longspine thornyhead biomass was greater than Dover sole in the Conception area, Pacific hake biomass was higher in the Columbia area and spiny dogfish biomass was higher in the U.S.-Vancouver area. The depth distributions described above for biomass estimates of dominant species in the combined INPFC area were generally reflected in the individual areas (Tables 18–22). Dover sole and longspine thornyhead dominated the deep stratum in the Conception, Monterey, Eureka, and U.S.-Vancouver areas. In the Columbia area, grooved tanner crab biomass was elevated in the deep stratum. In the northern portion of the survey, Dover sole and sablefish biomass were elevated in the mid-depth stratum, while splitnose rockfish, shortbelly rockfish, and chilipepper biomass were higher in the south. Generally, either Pacific hake or spiny dogfish biomass was highest in the shallow stratum from the Monterey INPFC area to the U.S.-Vancouver INPFC area. In the INPFC Conception area, biomass of halfbanded rockfish (data not shown) was the highest observed in the shallow stratum. 56 57 Figure 7. Arrowtooth flounder distribution and relative abundance (kg/ha) from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. 58 Figure 8. Blackgill rockfish distribution and relative abundance (kg/ha) from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. 59 Figure 9. Bocaccio distribution and relative abundance (kg/ha) from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. 60 Figure 10. Canary rockfish distribution and relative abundance (kg/ha) from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. 61 Figure 11. Chilipepper rockfish distribution and relative abundance (kg/ha) from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. 62 Figure 12. Darkblotched rockfish distribution and relative abundance (kg/ha) from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. 63 Figure 13. Dover sole distribution and relative abundance (kg/ha) from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. 64 Figure 14. English sole distribution and relative abundance (kg/ha) from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. 65 Figure 15. Giant grenadier distribution and relative abundance (kg/ha) from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. 66 Figure 16. Grooved tanner crab distribution and relative abundance (kg/ha) from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. 67 Figure 17. Lingcod distribution and relative abundance (kg/ha) from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. 68 Figure 18. Longnose skate distribution and relative abundance (kg/ha) from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. 69 Figure 19. Longspine thornyhead distribution and relative abundance (kg/ha) from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. 70 Figure 20. Pacific grenadier distribution and relative abundance (kg/ha) from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. 71 Figure 21. Pacific hake distribution and relative abundance (kg/ha) from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. 72 Figure 22. Pacific ocean perch distribution and relative abundance (kg/ha) from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. 73 Figure 23. Pacific sanddab distribution and relative abundance (kg/ha) from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. 74 Figure 24. Petrale sole distribution and relative abundance (kg/ha) from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. 75 Figure 25. Rex sole distribution and relative abundance (kg/ha) from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. 76 Figure 26. Sablefish distribution and relative abundance (kg/ha) from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. 77 Figure 27. Sharpchin rockfish distribution and relative abundance (kg/ha) from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. 78 Figure 28. Shortbelly rockfish distribution and relative abundance (kg/ha) from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. 79 Figure 29. Shortspine thornyhead distribution and relative abundance (kg/ha) from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. 80 Figure 30. Spiny dogfish distribution and relative abundance (kg/ha) from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. 81 Figure 31. Splitnose rockfish distribution and relative abundance (kg/ha) from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. 82 Figure 32. Spotted ratfish distribution and relative abundance (kg/ha) from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. 83 Figure 33. Stripetail rockfish distribution and relative abundance (kg/ha) from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. 84 Figure 34. Widow rockfish distribution and relative abundance (kg/ha) from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. 85 Figure 35. Yellowtail rockfish distribution and relative abundance (kg/ha) from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. Table 17. Estimates of fish biomass (metric tons) and coefficients of variation (CV) by stratum for the combined INPFC areas (U.S.-Vancouver, Columbia, Eureka, Monterey, and Conception) from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. Stratum 1 55–183 m Species Dover sole Pacific hake Longspine thornyhead Sablefish Spiny dogfish Chilipepper rockfish Splitnose rockfish Pacific sanddab Rex Sole Shortspine thornyhead Longnose skate English sole Grooved tanner crab Shortbelly rockfish Pacific grenadier Arrowtooth flounder Stripetail rockfish Lingcod California slickhead Giant grenadier Biomass (mt) 60,687 124,987 0 14,384 101,989 51,709 180 57,847 27,765 102 25,018 40,661 0 14,845 0 17,074 9,116 20,692 0 0 CV (%) 26 24 – 51 159 93 122 41 21 182 20 26 – 144 – 109 124 64 – – Stratum 2 184–549 m Biomass (mt) 91,788 50,257 2,449 64,990 8,695 28,880 60,158 1,921 29,103 15,950 25,446 3,551 527 27,870 6 18,892 21,707 7,974 1 55 CV (%) 28 62 44 111 68 150 50 83 28 27 28 61 120 87 178 77 66 86 294 156 Stratum 3 550–1,280 m Biomass (mt) 133,835 1,785 162,408 63,898 16 0 0 0 2,042 42,821 3,699 0 43,248 0 37,047 52 0 0 27,975 25,999 CV (%) 42 65 15 30 318 – – – 164 29 52 – 42 – 112 300 – – 19 73 All strata 55–1,280 m Biomass (mt) 286,310 177,029 164,858 143,271 110,700 80,589 60,339 59,768 58,910 58,873 54,162 44,212 43,775 42,714 37,053 36,017 30,823 28,666 27,976 26,053 CV (%) 32 60 15 118 375 196 115 102 42 27 39 61 42 183 112 162 143 131 19 73 86 Table 18. Estimates of fish biomass (metric tons) and coefficients of variation (CV) by stratum for the INPFC Conception area from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. Stratum 1 55–183 m Species Dover sole Pacific hake Longspine thornyhead Sablefish Spiny dogfish Chilipepper rockfish Splitnose rockfish Pacific sanddab Rex Sole Shortspine thornyhead Longnose skate English sole Grooved tanner crab Shortbelly rockfish Pacific grenadier Arrowtooth flounder Stripetail rockfish Lingcod California slickhead Giant grenadier Biomass (mt) 31 593 0 36 825 222 62 3,710 92 0 419 846 0 111 0 0 645 575 0 0 CV (%) 48 40 – 50 52 39 99 32 48 – 44 21 – 53 – – 47 49 – – Stratum 2 184–549 m Biomass (mt) 16,777 16,693 1,215 5,348 703 2,786 22,109 1,882 5,298 2,650 6,872 1,325 39 20,691 0 0 4,521 4,516 0 0 CV (%) 22 28 44 38 31 50 42 62 33 26 28 68 94 46 – – 31 66 – – Stratum 3 550–1,280 m Biomass (mt) 55,937 925 82,269 32,248 0 0 0 0 59 28,679 2,061 0 7,310 0 7,531 0 0 0 24,337 5,569 CV (%) 24 32 12 16 – – – – 74 13 51 – 28 – 49 – – – 17 28 All strata 55–1,280 m Biomass (mt) 72,745 18,211 83,484 37,633 1,528 3,008 22,171 5,592 5,449 31,329 9,352 2,171 7,348 20,802 7,531 0 5,166 5,091 24,337 5,569 CV (%) 22 69 10 19 146 127 112 121 87 12 57 119 25 123 43 – 80 162 15 25 87 Table 19. Estimates of fish biomass (metric tons) and coefficients of variation (CV) by stratum for the INPFC Monterey area from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. Stratum 1 55–183 m Species Dover sole Pacific hake Longspine thornyhead Sablefish Spiny dogfish Chilipepper rockfish Splitnose rockfish Pacific sanddab Rex Sole Shortspine thornyhead Longnose skate English sole Grooved tanner crab Shortbelly rockfish Pacific grenadier Arrowtooth flounder Stripetail rockfish Lingcod California slickhead Giant grenadier Biomass (mt) 5,284 15,254 0 2,968 64,612 45,714 0 21,185 2,810 0 8,022 8,495 0 14,710 0 27 5,789 10,705 0 0 CV (%) 65 37 – 73 85 49 – 48 18 – 17 18 – 69 – 52 87 57 – – Stratum 2 184–549 m Biomass (mt) 18,853 14,943 31 25,136 1,401 26,001 23,620 39 6,378 796 5,656 664 9 7,170 0 174 14,698 2,108 1 17 CV (%) 22 66 87 85 57 57 33 100 23 57 26 46 72 96 – 56 32 86 100 100 Stratum 3 550–1,280 m Biomass (mt) 41,941 176 33,801 8,585 16 0 0 0 334 4,639 1,190 0 15,779 0 2,490 0 0 0 2,000 1,930 CV (%) 21 57 13 19 100 – – – 69 17 37 – 21 – 62 – – – 31 37 All strata 55–1,280 m Biomass (mt) 66,078 30,373 33,833 36,689 66,028 71,715 23,620 21,224 9,521 5,435 14,868 9,159 15,788 21,881 2,490 201 20,487 12,814 2,001 1,947 CV (%) 23 86 15 140 157 77 78 91 38 26 30 32 24 116 70 117 72 97 35 41 88 Table 20. Estimates of fish biomass (metric tons) and coefficients of variation (CV) by stratum for the INPFC Eureka area from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. Stratum 1 55–183 m Species Dover sole Pacific hake Longspine thornyhead Sablefish Spiny dogfish Chilipepper rockfish Splitnose rockfish Pacific sanddab Rex Sole Shortspine thornyhead Longnose skate English sole Grooved tanner crab Shortbelly rockfish Pacific grenadier Arrowtooth flounder Stripetail rockfish Lingcod California slickhead Giant grenadier Biomass (mt) 10,560 17,779 0 1,962 180 4,232 9 3,493 8,404 5 3,976 11,913 0 23 0 2,235 2,613 2,251 0 0 CV (%) 31 23 – 38 43 67 97 29 22 69 30 25 – 92 – 21 59 36 – – Stratum 2 184–549 m Biomass (mt) 13,756 6,787 3 14,551 103 0 6,712 0 5,732 653 3,798 22 4 0 0 1,282 377 289 0 0 CV (%) 19 28 100 53 42 – 48 – 19 23 20 87 100 – – 18 78 42 – – Stratum 3 550–1,280 m Biomass (mt) 24,866 439 20,315 8,806 0 0 0 0 1,450 4,035 267 0 5,435 0 14,911 40 0 0 902 9,121 CV (%) 27 47 13 17 – – – – 46 32 44 – 32 – 54 72 – – 47 40 All strata 55–1,280 m Biomass (mt) 49,182 25,005 20,317 24,320 283 4,232 6,721 3,493 15,591 4,694 8,040 11,935 5,440 23 14,911 3,558 2,990 2,539 903 9,121 CV (%) 26 37 17 87 66 121 134 52 30 36 38 45 41 167 70 30 98 60 61 52 89 Table 21. Estimates of fish biomass (metric tons) and coefficients of variation (CV) by stratum for the INPFC Columbia area from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. Stratum 1 55–183 m Species Dover sole Pacific hake Longspine thornyhead Sablefish Spiny dogfish Chilipepper rockfish Splitnose rockfish Pacific sanddab Rex Sole Shortspine thornyhead Longnose skate English sole Grooved tanner crab Shortbelly rockfish Pacific grenadier Arrowtooth flounder Stripetail rockfish Lingcod California slickhead Giant grenadier Biomass (mt) 39,142 90,534 0 8,132 4,291 1,541 86 28,265 15,602 64 11,523 16,472 0 0 0 9,519 68 6,452 0 0 CV (%) 13 19 – 34 32 100 88 21 14 70 15 17 – – – 25 90 21 – – Stratum 2 184–549 m Biomass (mt) 25,998 11,241 1,113 11,517 957 93 7,717 0 10,039 9,398 6,501 1,150 183 8 2 8,614 2,112 750 0 13 CV (%) 13 18 31 17 52 94 30 – 18 15 17 48 36 72 72 41 73 39 – 100 Stratum 3 550–1,280 m Biomass (mt) 5,441 198 21,184 9,417 0 0 0 0 67 3,231 142 0 11,358 0 9,397 0 0 0 658 8,010 CV (%) 31 49 9 17 – – – – 82 27 86 – 24 – 39 – – – 31 27 All strata 55–1,280 m Biomass (mt) 70,550 101,973 22,297 29,066 5,249 1,634 7,803 28,265 25,708 12,693 18,166 17,623 11,541 8 9,399 18,133 2,180 7,202 658 8,023 CV (%) 16 28 12 22 48 154 63 35 20 26 20 28 32 153 54 47 150 33 43 38 90 Table 22. Estimates of fish biomass (metric tons) and coefficients of variation (CV) by stratum for the INPFC U.S.-Vancouver area from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. Stratum 1 55–183 m Species Dover sole Pacific hake Longspine thornyhead Sablefish Spiny dogfish Chilipepper rockfish Splitnose rockfish Pacific sanddab Rex Sole Shortspine thornyhead Longnose skate English sole Grooved tanner crab Shortbelly rockfish Pacific grenadier Arrowtooth flounder Stripetail rockfish Lingcod California slickhead Giant grenadier Biomass (mt) 5,670 827 0 1,285 32,081 0 22 1,195 852 33 1,078 2,934 0 0 0 5,292 0 710 0 0 CV (%) 27 37 – 52 65 – 100 34 19 96 23 28 – – – 63 100 35 – – Stratum 2 184–549 m Biomass (mt) 16,405 592 87 8,438 5,530 0 1 0 1,657 2,453 2,620 390 292 0 4 8,821 0 311 0 25 CV (%) 40 32 10 31 38 – 100 – 49 36 37 98 82 – 100 54 – 100 – 100 Stratum 3 550–1,280 m Biomass (mt) 5,680 47 4,839 4,841 0 0 0 0 132 2,237 38 0 3,366 0 2,717 12 0 0 78 1,368 CV (%) 93 100 29 49 – – – – 100 66 100 – 39 – 63 100 – – 94 42 All strata 55–1,280 m Biomass (mt) 27,755 1,466 4,926 14,564 37,611 0 23 1,195 2,641 4,723 3,736 3,324 3,658 0 2,721 14,125 0 1,020 78 1,393 CV (%) 38 57 35 31 147 – 252 89 39 44 34 66 45 – 76 73 264 73 115 50 91 The calculated biomass estimates presented are not considered absolute estimates. Herding caused by doors and bridles, as well as escapement from underneath the trawl footrope, around the net opening, and through the net mesh, may affect the trawl effectiveness (Gunderson 1993). Abundance calculations are based on the assumption that all of the fish that are in front of the trawl and between the wingtips have an equal chance of being caught. The ability of a fish to avoid the net will depend on the species, fish shape, size, speed, and its reaction to the part of the net it encounters (Lauth 1999). Furthermore, the survey does not cover the entire geographic range of many of the species caught. The total number of hauls by depth strata, where weight, number of fish, and lengths were collected for the 30 most abundant groundfish and selected invertebrate species, are shown in Tables 23–28 by stratum and INPFC area for each species. Size Compositions Figures 36–61 show the estimated population length-frequencies for Dover sole, longspine thornyhead, sablefish, and shortspine thornyhead presented by depth stratum for all INPFC areas combined, and for individual INPFC areas. Figures 62–64 show the length frequency distributions by sex (male, female, and undetermined) for additional important management species in all INPFC areas combined for all depths (55–1,280 m). In general Figures 62–64 include species with greater than 500 length measurements taken throughout the survey period: spiny dogfish, California skate, longnose skate, arrowtooth flounder, curlfin sole, English sole, Pacific sanddab, petrale sole, rex sole, Pacific grenadier, lingcod, Pacific hake, aurora rockfish, bocaccio, canary rockfish, chilipepper rockfish, darkblotched rockfish, greenspotted rockfish, greenstriped rockfish, halfbanded rockfish, Pacific ocean perch, rosethorn rockfish, sharpchin rockfish, shortbelly rockfish, splitnose rockfish, stripetail rockfish, and yellowtail rockfish. If sex could not be determined for greater than 2% of the individuals measured for a given species (e.g., Pacific grenadier), then a separate category (unsexed) was included in the plot. Note that the length-frequencies are the sum of all measured fish and are not adjusted for subsampling, area swept, or stratum size. 92 Table 23. Number of hauls by depth strata where weight (Wt.), number of fish (No.), and lengths (Len.) were collected for the 30 most abundant groundfish and selected invertebrate species in the INPFC U.S.-Vancouver, Columbia, Eureka, Monterey, and Conception areas from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. Stratum 1 55–183 m Total hauls = 239 Hauls with: Wt. No. Len. 183 183 181 156 156 34 0 0 0 120 120 118 129 129 126 68 68 68 14 14 14 176 176 174 187 187 183 7 7 7 158 158 153 199 199 196 0 0 0 33 33 33 0 0 0 111 111 109 71 71 70 108 153 149 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 11 11 175 175 0 197 197 194 84 84 82 28 28 27 6 6 6 3 3 0 29 47 0 35 35 35 45 45 45 Stratum 2 184–549 m Total hauls = 133 Hauls with: Wt. No. Len. 127 127 126 124 124 33 30 30 29 100 100 100 41 41 41 20 20 20 86 86 86 7 7 7 114 114 113 96 96 95 103 103 102 32 32 31 24 24 0 21 21 21 3 3 3 59 59 59 47 47 46 32 32 32 1 1 0 3 3 0 22 22 22 79 79 0 29 29 29 4 4 4 0 0 0 29 29 28 42 42 0 0 0 0 6 6 6 3 3 3 Stratum 3 550–1,280 m Total hauls = 133 Hauls with: Wt. No. Len. 108 108 107 32 32 7 131 131 130 124 124 123 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 17 17 16 123 123 122 27 27 27 0 0 0 100 100 0 0 0 0 84 84 81 3 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 94 94 0 77 77 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 107 107 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Species Dover sole Pacific hake Longspine thornyhead Sablefish Spiny dogfish Chilipepper rockfish Splitnose rockfish Pacific sanddab Rex sole Shortspine thornyhead Longnose skate English sole Grooved tanner crab Shortbelly rockfish Pacific grenadier Arrowtooth flounder Stripetail rockfish Lingcod California slickhead Giant grenadier Sharpchin rockfish Spotted ratfish Petrale sole Big skate Yellowtail rockfish Pacific ocean perch Brown cat shark White croaker Canary rockfish Halfbanded rockfish 93 Table 24. Number of hauls by depth strata where weight (Wt.), number of fish (No.), and lengths (Len.) were collected for the 30 most abundant groundfish and selected invertebrate species in the INPFC U.S.-Vancouver area from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. Stratum 1 55–183 m Total hauls = 29 Hauls with: Wt. No. Len. 26 26 25 15 15 0 0 0 0 17 17 16 26 26 26 0 0 0 2 2 2 14 14 13 24 24 23 2 2 2 18 18 18 23 23 22 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 23 23 22 1 1 1 16 16 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 6 6 20 20 0 27 27 26 9 9 9 14 14 14 4 4 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 9 9 0 0 0 Stratum 2 184–549 m Total hauls = 8 Hauls with: Wt. No. Len. 8 8 8 7 7 0 1 1 1 7 7 7 5 5 5 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 3 3 3 3 3 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 7 7 7 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 5 5 0 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 3 3 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 0 0 0 Stratum 3 550–1,280 m Total hauls = 6 Hauls with: Wt. No. Len. 3 3 3 1 1 0 6 6 6 6 6 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 6 6 6 1 1 1 0 0 0 6 6 6 0 0 0 5 5 5 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Species Dover sole Pacific hake Longspine thornyhead Sablefish Spiny dogfish Chilipepper rockfish Splitnose rockfish Pacific sanddab Rex sole Shortspine thornyhead Longnose skate English sole Grooved tanner crab Shortbelly rockfish Pacific grenadier Arrowtooth flounder Stripetail rockfish Lingcod California slickhead Giant grenadier Sharpchin rockfish Spotted ratfish Petrale sole Big skate Yellowtail rockfish Pacific ocean perch Brown cat shark White croaker Canary rockfish Halfbanded rockfish 94 Table 25. Number of hauls by depth strata where weight (Wt.), number of fish (No.), and lengths (Len.) were collected for the 30 most abundant groundfish and selected invertebrate species in the INPFC Columbia area from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. Stratum 1 55–183 m Total hauls = 84 Hauls with: Wt. No. Len. 76 76 75 69 69 9 0 0 0 51 51 50 35 35 33 2 2 2 7 7 7 57 57 56 75 75 73 3 3 3 61 61 57 64 64 62 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 62 62 61 2 2 2 55 55 52 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 3 70 70 0 76 76 74 34 34 32 8 8 7 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 9 9 2 2 2 Stratum 2 184–549 m Total hauls = 50 Hauls with: Wt. No. Len. 50 50 49 48 48 2 16 16 16 45 45 45 14 14 13 2 2 2 28 28 28 0 0 0 48 48 47 43 43 42 37 37 36 11 11 11 16 16 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 36 36 36 10 10 9 10 10 10 0 0 0 1 1 0 16 16 16 27 27 0 10 10 10 2 2 2 0 0 0 25 25 24 11 11 0 0 0 0 4 4 4 0 0 0 Stratum 3 550–1,280 m Total hauls = 28 Hauls with: Wt. No. Len. 20 20 20 5 5 0 28 28 28 28 28 28 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 3 25 25 25 2 2 2 0 0 0 20 20 0 0 0 0 25 25 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 16 16 0 24 24 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 22 22 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Species Dover sole Pacific hake Longspine thornyhead Sablefish Spiny dogfish Chilipepper rockfish Splitnose rockfish Pacific sanddab Rex sole Shortspine thornyhead Longnose skate English sole Grooved tanner crab Shortbelly rockfish Pacific grenadier Arrowtooth flounder Stripetail rockfish Lingcod California slickhead Giant grenadier Sharpchin rockfish Spotted ratfish Petrale sole Big skate Yellowtail rockfish Pacific ocean perch Brown cat shark White croaker Canary rockfish Halfbanded rockfish 95 Table 26. Number of hauls by depth strata where weight (Wt.), number of fish (No.), and lengths (Len.) were collected for the 30 most abundant groundfish and selected invertebrate species in the INPFC Eureka area from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. Stratum 1 55–183 m Total hauls = 20 Hauls with: Wt. No. Len. 19 19 19 18 6 6 0 0 0 18 18 18 9 9 9 10 10 10 2 2 2 13 13 13 20 20 20 2 2 2 18 18 18 20 20 20 0 0 0 3 3 3 0 0 0 20 20 20 10 10 10 17 17 17 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 19 0 0 17 17 17 13 13 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 6 6 6 0 0 0 Stratum 2 184–549 m Total hauls = 12 Hauls with: Wt. No. Len. 12 12 12 12 12 4 1 1 0 12 12 12 6 6 6 0 0 0 11 11 11 0 0 0 12 12 12 11 11 11 12 12 12 2 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 11 11 5 5 5 5 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 3 7 7 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 8 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Stratum 3 550–1,280 m Total hauls = 25 Hauls with: Wt. No. Len. 23 23 23 7 7 2 25 25 25 25 25 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 9 8 23 23 23 6 6 6 0 0 0 22 22 0 0 0 0 22 22 20 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 18 18 0 19 19 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 21 21 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Species Dover sole Pacific hake Longspine thornyhead Sablefish Spiny dogfish Chilipepper rockfish Splitnose rockfish Pacific sanddab Rex sole Shortspine thornyhead Longnose skate English sole Grooved tanner crab Shortbelly rockfish Pacific grenadier Arrowtooth flounder Stripetail rockfish Lingcod California slickhead Giant grenadier Sharpchin rockfish Spotted ratfish Petrale sole Big skate Yellowtail rockfish Pacific ocean perch Brown cat shark White croaker Canary rockfish Halfbanded rockfish 96 Table 27. Number of hauls by depth strata where weight (Wt.), number of fish (No.), and lengths (Len.) were collected for the 30 most abundant groundfish and selected invertebrate species in the INPFC Monterey area from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. Stratum 1 55–183 m Total hauls = 59 Hauls with: Wt. No. Len. 51 51 51 42 42 16 0 0 0 27 27 27 46 46 45 38 38 38 0 0 0 54 54 54 55 55 54 0 0 0 49 49 48 56 56 56 0 0 0 22 22 22 0 0 0 6 6 6 32 32 31 5 50 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 37 37 0 59 59 59 25 25 25 5 5 5 0 0 0 1 1 0 2 20 0 8 8 8 11 11 11 Stratum 2 184–549 m Total hauls = 17 Hauls with: Wt. No. Len. 16 16 16 15 15 8 2 2 2 15 15 15 5 5 6 5 5 5 13 13 13 1 1 1 17 17 17 10 10 10 15 15 15 7 7 7 2 2 0 5 5 5 0 0 0 5 5 5 10 10 10 5 5 5 1 1 0 1 1 0 2 2 2 9 9 0 8 8 8 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 Stratum 3 550–1,280 m Total hauls = 21 Hauls with: Wt. No. Len. 21 21 21 3 3 1 21 21 21 21 21 21 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 19 19 19 10 10 10 0 0 0 21 21 0 0 0 0 15 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 17 17 0 11 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Species Dover sole Pacific hake Longspine thornyhead Sablefish Spiny dogfish Chilipepper rockfish Splitnose rockfish Pacific sanddab Rex sole Shortspine thornyhead Longnose skate English sole Grooved tanner crab Shortbelly rockfish Pacific grenadier Arrowtooth flounder Stripetail rockfish Lingcod California slickhead Giant grenadier Sharpchin rockfish Spotted ratfish Petrale sole Big skate Yellowtail rockfish Pacific ocean perch Brown cat shark White croaker Canary rockfish Halfbanded rockfish 97 Table 28. Number of hauls by depth strata where weight (Wt.), number of fish (No.), and lengths (Len.) were collected for the 30 most abundant groundfish and selected invertebrate species in the INPFC Conception area from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. Stratum 1 55–183 m Total hauls = 47 Hauls with: Wt. No. Len. 11 11 11 12 12 3 0 0 0 7 7 7 13 13 13 18 18 18 3 3 3 38 38 38 13 13 13 0 0 0 12 12 12 36 36 36 0 0 0 8 8 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 26 26 26 15 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 29 29 0 18 18 18 3 3 3 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 27 27 0 3 3 3 32 32 32 Stratum 2 184–549 m Total hauls = 46 Hauls with: Wt. No. Len. 41 41 41 42 42 19 10 10 10 21 21 21 11 11 11 13 13 13 33 33 33 6 6 6 31 31 31 25 25 25 32 32 32 9 9 9 2 2 0 14 14 14 0 0 0 0 0 0 22 22 22 11 11 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 31 31 0 8 8 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 Stratum 3 550–1,280 m Total hauls = 53 Hauls with: Wt. No. Len. 41 41 40 16 16 4 51 51 50 44 44 43 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 50 50 49 8 8 8 0 0 0 31 31 0 0 0 0 17 17 16 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 42 42 0 18 18 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Species Dover sole Pacific hake Longspine thornyhead Sablefish Spiny dogfish Chilipepper rockfish Splitnose rockfish Pacific sanddab Rex sole Shortspine thornyhead Longnose skate English sole Grooved tanner crab Shortbelly rockfish Pacific grenadier Arrowtooth flounder Stripetail rockfish Lingcod California slickhead Giant grenadier Sharpchin rockfish Spotted ratfish Petrale sole Big skate Yellowtail rockfish Pacific ocean perch Brown cat shark White croaker Canary rockfish Halfbanded rockfish 98 Male (solid) and female (dashed) Stratum 1 (55–182 m) 600 400 200 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Mean M = 29.1 F = 32.6 600 400 200 0 Male, female, and unsexed in aggregate Stratum 1 (55–182 m) Mean T = 31.0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Stratum 2 (183–549 m) 600 400 200 Mean M = 31.1 F = 34.4 600 400 200 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 0 10 Stratum 2 (183–549 m) Mean T = 32.5 Length frequency 0 20 30 40 50 60 70 Stratum 3 (550–1,280 m) 600 400 200 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Mean M = 37.9 F = 41.8 600 400 200 0 0 10 Stratum 3 (550–1,280 m) Mean T = 39.6 20 30 40 50 60 70 All strata 1200 900 600 300 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Mean M = 32.0 F = 35.0 1200 900 600 300 0 0 10 20 All strata Mean T = 33.4 30 40 50 60 70 Length (cm) Length (cm) Figure 36. Unweighted length-frequency data and mean lengths of Dover sole by depth stratum and by sex (M = male, F = female, and T = males, females, and unsexed in aggregate) for all INPFC areas sampled from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. 99 Male (solid) and female (dashed) Stratum 1 (55–182 m) 20 15 10 5 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Mean M = 22.2 F = 23.2 20 15 10 5 0 0 Male, female, and unsexed in aggregate Stratum 1 (55–182 m) Mean T = 22.6 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Stratum 2 (183–549 m) 150 125 100 75 50 Mean M = 28.8 F = 31.3 150 125 100 75 50 25 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 0 10 Stratum 2 (183–549 m) Mean T = 30.0 Length frequency 25 0 20 30 40 50 60 70 Stratum 3 (550–1,280 m) 150 125 100 75 50 25 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 ` Mean M = 37.9 F = 41.0 150 125 100 75 50 25 0 0 10 Stratum 3 (550–1,280 m) Mean T = 39.3 20 30 40 50 60 70 All strata 200 150 100 50 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Mean M = 32.2 F = 34.8 200 150 100 50 0 0 10 20 All strata Mean T = 33.4 30 40 50 60 70 Length (cm) Length (cm) Figure 37. Unweighted length-frequency data and mean lengths of Dover sole by depth stratum and by sex (M = male, F = female, and T = males, females, and unsexed) for the INPFC Conception area from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. 100 Male (solid) and female (dashed) Stratum 1 (55–182 m) 200 150 100 50 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Mean M = 26.6 F = 28.9 200 150 100 50 0 0 Male, female, and unsexed in aggregate Stratum 1 (55–182 m) Mean T = 28.0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Stratum 2 (183–549 m) 200 150 100 50 Mean M = 29.0 F = 30.6 200 150 100 50 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 0 10 Stratum 2 (183–549 m) Mean T = 29.8 Length frequency 0 20 30 40 50 60 70 Stratum 3 (550–1,280 m) 200 150 100 50 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Mean M = 37.8 F = 41.6 200 150 100 50 0 0 10 Stratum 3 (550–1,280 m) Mean T = 39.8 20 30 40 50 60 70 All strata 200 150 100 50 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Mean M = 31.5 F = 33.4 200 150 100 50 0 0 10 20 All strata Mean T = 32.5 30 40 50 60 70 Length (cm) Length (cm) Figure 38. Unweighted length-frequency data and mean lengths of Dover sole by depth stratum and by sex (M = male, F = female, and T = males, females, and unsexed) for the INPFC Monterey area from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. 101 Male (solid) and female (dashed) Stratum 1 (55–182 m) 200 100 150 75 100 50 50 25 0 0 0 0 10 10 20 20 30 30 40 40 50 50 60 60 70 70 Mean M = 26.6 Mean F = 28.9 M = 28.9 F = 33.9 200 100 150 75 100 50 50 25 0 0 0 0 Male, female, and unsexed in aggregate Stratum 1 (55–182 m) Mean T = 28.0 Mean T = 32.3 10 10 20 20 30 30 40 40 50 50 60 60 70 70 Stratum 2 (183–549 m) 100 75 50 25 Mean M = 32.6 F = 38.2 100 75 50 25 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 0 10 Stratum 2 (183–549 m) Mean T = 34.8 Length frequency 0 20 30 40 50 60 70 Stratum 3 (550–1,280 m) 100 75 50 25 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Mean M = 38.0 F = 42.7 100 75 50 25 0 0 10 Stratum 3 (550–1,280 m) Mean T = 39.7 20 30 40 50 60 70 All strata 200 150 100 50 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Mean M = 34.4 F = 37.4 200 150 100 50 0 0 10 20 All strata Mean T = 35.9 30 40 50 60 70 Length (cm) Length (cm) Figure 39. Unweighted length-frequency data and mean lengths of Dover sole by depth stratum and by sex (M = male, F = female, and T = males, females, and unsexed) for the INPFC Eureka area from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. 102 Male (solid) and female (dashed) Stratum 1 (55–182 m) 200 150 100 50 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Mean M = 26.6 F = 28.9 200 150 100 50 0 0 Male, female, and unsexed in aggregate Stratum 1 (55–182 m) Mean T = 28.0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Stratum 2 (183–549 m) 300 200 100 Mean M = 32.8 F = 39.2 300 200 100 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 0 10 Stratum 2 (183–549 m) Mean T = 35.0 Length frequency 0 20 30 40 50 60 70 Stratum 3 (550–1,280 m) 300 200 100 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Mean M = 37.9 F = 42.4 300 200 100 0 0 10 Stratum 3 (550–1,280 m) Mean T = 39.7 20 30 40 50 60 70 All strata 600 400 200 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Mean M = 31.1 F = 34.8 600 400 200 0 0 10 20 All strata Mean T = 32.8 30 40 50 60 70 Length (cm) Length (cm) Figure 40. Unweighted length-frequency data and mean lengths of Dover sole by depth stratum and by sex (M = male, F = female, and T = males, females, and unsexed) for the INPFC Columbia area from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. 103 Male (solid) and female (dashed) Stratum 1 (55–182 m) 200 150 100 50 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Mean M = 26.6 F = 28.9 200 150 100 50 0 0 Male, female, and unsexed in aggregate Stratum 1 (55–182 m) Mean T = 28.0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Stratum 2 (183–549 m) 50 40 30 20 Mean M = 34.4 F = 38.1 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 0 10 Stratum 2 (183–549 m) Mean T = 36.0 Length frequency 10 0 20 30 40 50 60 70 Stratum 3 (550–1,280 m) 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Mean M = 38.3 F = 42.7 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 10 Stratum 3 (550–1,280 m) Mean T = 40.3 20 30 40 50 60 70 All strata 125 100 75 50 25 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Mean M = 32.8 F = 36.1 125 100 75 50 25 0 0 10 20 All strata Mean T = 34.6 30 40 50 60 70 Length (cm) Length (cm) Figure 41. Unweighted length-frequency data and mean lengths of Dover sole by depth stratum and by sex (M = male, F = female, and T = males, females, and unsexed) for the INPFC U.S.-Vancouver area from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. 104 Male, female, and unsexed Stratum 2 (183–549 m) 1000 750 500 250 0 0 10 20 30 40 Mean T = 17.7 Stratum 3 (550–1,280 m) 1000 Length frequency Mean T = 19.0 750 500 250 0 0 10 20 30 40 All strata 1000 750 500 250 0 0 10 20 Mean T = 18.8 30 40 Length (cm) Figure 42. Unweighted length-frequency data and mean lengths of longspine thornyhead by depth stratum for all INPFC areas sampled during the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey (T = males, females, and unsexed). 105 Male, female, and unsexed Stratum 2 (183–549 m) 500 400 300 200 100 0 0 10 20 30 40 Mean T = 18.1 Stratum 3 (550–1,280 m) 500 Mean T = 19.0 Length frequency 400 300 200 100 0 0 10 20 30 40 All strata 500 400 300 200 100 0 0 10 20 30 40 Mean T = 18.9 Length (cm) Figure 43. Unweighted length-frequency data and mean lengths of longspine thornyhead by depth stratum for the Conception INPFC area from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey (T = males, females, and unsexed). 106 Male, female, and unsexed Stratum 2 (183–549 m) 200 150 100 50 0 0 10 20 30 40 Mean T = 21.7 Stratum 3 (550–1,280 m) 200 Mean T = 20.6 Length frequency 150 100 50 0 0 10 20 30 40 All strata 200 150 100 50 0 0 10 20 Mean T = 20.6 30 40 Length (cm) Figure 44. Unweighted length-frequency data and mean lengths of longspine thornyhead by depth stratum for the Monterey INPFC area from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey (T = males, females, and unsexed). 107 Male, female, and unsexed Stratum 2 (183–549 m) 600 400 200 0 0 10 20 30 40 Stratum 3 (550–1,280 m) 300 Mean T = 19.2 Length frequency 200 100 0 0 10 20 30 40 All strata 300 200 Mean T = 19.2 100 0 0 10 20 30 40 Length (cm) Figure 45. Unweighted length-frequency data and mean lengths of longspine thornyhead by depth stratum for the Eureka INPFC area from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey (T = males, females, and unsexed). 108 Male, female, and unsexed Stratum 2 (183–549 m) 300 200 Mean T = 17.6 100 0 0 10 20 30 40 Stratum 3 (550–1,280 m) 300 Mean T = 17.6 Length frequency 200 100 0 0 10 20 30 40 All strata 300 200 Mean T = 17.6 100 0 0 10 20 30 40 Length (cm) Figure 46. Unweighted length-frequency data and mean lengths of longspine thornyhead by depth stratum for the Columbia INPFC area from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey (T = males, females, and unsexed). 109 Male, female, and unsexed Stratum 2 (183–549 m) 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 10 20 30 40 Mean T = 15.9 Stratum 3 (550–1,280 m) 50 Mean T = 18.8 Length frequency 40 30 20 10 0 0 10 20 30 40 All strata 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 10 20 30 40 Mean T = 18.0 Length (cm) Figure 47. Unweighted length-frequency data and mean lengths of longspine thornyhead by depth stratum for the U.S.-Vancouver INPFC area from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey (T = males, females, and unsexed). 110 Male (solid) and female (dashed) Conception 100 80 60 40 20 0 0 10 20 30 40 0 0 Mean M = 22.0 F = 22.3 60 40 20 Male (solid) and female (dashed) Monterey Mean M = 22.6 F = 22.5 10 20 30 40 Eureka Columbia 20 15 10 5 0 Length frequency 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 10 20 Mean M = 21.9 F = 21.7 Mean M = 19.0 F = 20.3 30 40 0 10 20 30 40 All INPFC areas sampled 200 150 100 50 0 0 10 20 30 40 Mean M = 22.8 F = 22.9 Length (cm) Figure 48. Unweighted length-frequency data and mean lengths of sexed longspine thornyhead (M = male, F = female) from stratum 3 (550–1,280 m) by INPFC area during the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. 111 Male (solid) and female (dashed) Stratum 1 (55–182 m) 100 75 50 25 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Mean M = 46.6 F = 43.0 100 75 50 25 0 Male, female, and unsexed in aggregate Stratum 1 (55–182 m) Mean T = 44.7 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Stratum 2 (183–549 m) 200 150 100 Mean M = 52.2 F = 56.0 200 150 100 50 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 0 10 Stratum 2 (183–549 m) Mean T = 54.2 Length frequency 50 0 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Stratum 3 (550–1,280 m) 200 150 100 50 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Mean M =53.5 F = 57.6 200 150 100 50 0 0 10 Stratum 3 (550–1,280 m) Mean T = 55.0 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 All strata 300 240 180 120 60 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Mean M =51.7 F = 53.2 300 240 180 120 60 0 0 10 20 30 All strata Mean T = 52.4 40 50 60 70 80 90 Length (cm) Length (cm) Figure 49. Unweighted length-frequency data and mean lengths of sablefish by depth stratum and by sex (M = male, F = female, and T = males, females, and unsexed in aggregate) for all INPFC areas sampled from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. 112 Male (solid) and female (dashed) Stratum 1 (55–182 m) 10 8 6 4 2 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Mean M = 21.3 F = 26.9 10 8 6 4 2 0 0 Male, female, and unsexed in aggregate Stratum 1 (55–182 m) Mean T = 24.2 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Stratum 2 (183–549 m) 25 20 15 10 Mean M = 46.4 F = 51.0 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 0 10 Stratum 2 (183–549 m) Mean T = 48.9 Length frequency 5 0 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Stratum 3 (550–1,280 m) 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Mean M =51.4 F = 54.0 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 10 Stratum 3 (550–1,280 m) Mean T = 52.5 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 All strata 100 75 50 25 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Mean M =49.4 F = 51.8 100 75 50 25 0 0 10 20 All strata Mean T = 50.5 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Length (cm) Length (cm) Figure 50. Unweighted length-frequency data and mean lengths of sablefish by depth stratum and by sex (M = male, F = female, and T = males, females, and unsexed in aggregate) for the INPFC Conception area from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. 113 Male (solid) and female (dashed) Stratum 1 (55–182 m) 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Mean M = 43.3 F = 45.1 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 Male, female, and unsexed in aggregate Stratum 1 (55–182 m) Mean T = 44.0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Stratum 2 (183–549 m) 50 40 30 20 Mean M = 48.5 F = 52.3 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 0 10 Stratum 2 (183–549 m) Mean T = 50.7 Length frequency 10 0 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Stratum 3 (550–1,280 m) 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Mean M =51.7 F = 56.2 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 10 Stratum 3 (550–1,280 m) Mean T = 53.3 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 All strata 100 75 50 25 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Mean M =48.8 F = 52.2 100 75 50 25 0 0 10 20 All strata Mean T = 50.3 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Length (cm) Length (cm) Figure 51. Unweighted length-frequency data and mean lengths of sablefish by depth stratum and by sex (M = male, F = female, and T = males, females, and unsexed in aggregate) for the INPFC Monterey area from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. 114 Male (solid) and female (dashed) Stratum 1 (55–182 m) 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Mean M = 40.8 F = 48.6 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 Male, female, and unsexed in aggregate Stratum 1 (55–182 m) Mean T = 44.9 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Stratum 2 (183–549 m) 100 75 50 25 Mean M = 52.9 F = 57.1 100 75 50 25 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 0 10 20 Stratum 2 (183–549 m) Mean T = 55.3 Length frequency 0 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Stratum 3 (550–1,280 m) 100 75 50 25 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Mean M =54.9 F = 60.0 100 75 50 25 0 0 10 20 Stratum 3 (550–1,280 m) Mean T = 57.1 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 All strata 100 75 50 25 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Mean M =52.2 F = 54.6 100 75 50 25 0 0 10 20 30 All strata Mean T = 54.6 40 50 60 70 80 90 Length (cm) Length (cm) Figure 52. Unweighted length-frequency data and mean lengths of sablefish by depth stratum and by sex (M = male, F = female, and T = males, females, and unsexed in aggregate) for the INPFC Eureka area from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. 115 Male (solid) and female (dashed) Stratum 1 (55–182 m) 100 75 50 25 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Mean M = 48.8 F = 39.1 100 75 50 25 0 Male, female, and unsexed in aggregate Stratum 1 (55–182 m) Mean T = 43.0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Stratum 2 (183–549 m) 100 75 50 25 Mean M = 53.8 F = 58.6 100 75 50 25 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 0 10 Stratum 2 (183–549 m) Mean T = 56.1 Length frequency 0 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Stratum 3 (550–1,280 m) 100 75 50 25 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Mean M =54.6 F = 61.1 100 75 50 25 0 0 10 Stratum 3 (550–1,280 m) Mean T = 56.7 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 All strata 125 100 75 50 25 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Mean M =52.6 F = 50.1 125 100 75 50 25 0 0 10 20 30 All strata Mean T = 51.4 40 50 60 70 80 90 Length (cm) Length (cm) Figure 53. Unweighted length-frequency data and mean lengths of sablefish by depth stratum and by sex (M = male, F = female, and T = males, females, and unsexed in aggregate) for the INPFC Columbia area from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. 116 Male (solid) and female (dashed) Stratum 1 (55–182 m) 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Mean M = 53.2 F = 58.6 25 20 15 10 5 0 Male, female, and unsexed in aggregate Stratum 1 (55–182 m) Mean T = 55.6 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Stratum 2 (183–549 m) 25 20 15 10 Mean M = 57.3 F = 60.7 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 0 10 Stratum 2 (183–549 m) Mean T = 58.8 Length frequency 5 0 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Stratum 3 (550–1,280 m) 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Mean M =59.4 F = 63.9 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 10 Stratum 3 (550–1,280 m) Mean T = 60.4 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 All strata 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Mean M =56.9 F = 60.4 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 10 20 30 All strata Mean T = 58.2 40 50 60 70 80 90 Length (cm) Length (cm) Figure 54. Unweighted length-frequency data and mean lengths of sablefish by depth stratum and by sex (M = male, F = female, and T = males, females, and unsexed in aggregate) for the INPFC U.S.Vancouver area from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. 117 Male, female, and unsexed in aggregate Stratum 1 (55–182 m) 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Mean T = 30.4 Stratum 2 (183–549 m) 500 400 300 200 100 Mean T = 22.8 Length frequency 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Stratum 3 (550–1,280 m) 500 400 300 200 100 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Mean T = 38.8 All strata 500 400 300 200 100 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Mean T = 26.8 Length (cm) Figure 55. Unweighted length-frequency data and mean lengths of shortspine thornyhead by depth stratum for all INPFC areas sampled during the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey (T = males, females, and unsexed). 118 Male, female, and unsexed in aggregate Stratum 1 (55–182 m) 100 75 50 25 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Stratum 2 (183–549 m) 100 75 50 Mean T = 24.8 Length frequency 25 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Stratum 3 (550–1,280 m) 100 75 50 25 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Mean T = 39.2 All strata 100 75 50 25 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Mean T = 32.8 Length (cm) Figure 56. Unweighted length-frequency data and mean lengths of shortspine thornyhead by depth stratum for the INPFC Conception area from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey (T = males, females, and unsexed). 119 Male, female, and unsexed in aggregate Stratum 1 (55–182 m) 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Stratum 2 (183–549 m) 25 20 15 10 Mean T = 27.3 Length frequency 5 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Stratum 3 (550–1,280 m) 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Mean T = 44.0 All strata 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Mean T = 35.7 Length (cm) Figure 57. Unweighted length-frequency data and mean lengths of shortspine thornyhead by depth stratum for the INPFC Monterey area from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey (T = males, females, and unsexed). 120 Male, female, and unsexed in aggregate Stratum 1 (55–182 m) 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Mean T = 24.7 Stratum 2 (183–549 m) 50 40 30 20 Mean T = 21.2 Length frequency 10 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Stratum 3 (550–1,280 m) 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Mean T = 38.2 All strata 75 50 Mean T = 27.3 25 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Length (cm) Figure 58. Unweighted length-frequency data and mean lengths of shortspine thornyhead by depth stratum for the INPFC Eureka area from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey (T = males, females, and unsexed). 121 Male, female, and unsexed in aggregate Stratum 1 (55–182 m) 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Mean T = 32.9 Stratum 2 (183–549 m) 300 200 100 Mean T = 22.0 Length frequency 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Stratum 3 (550–1,280 m) 300 200 100 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Mean T = 36.9 All strata 300 200 Mean T = 23.1 100 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Length (cm) Figure 59. Unweighted length-frequency data and mean lengths of shortspine thornyhead by depth stratum for the INPFC Columbia area from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey (T = males, females, and unsexed). 122 Male, female, and unsexed in aggregate Stratum 1 (55–182 m) 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Mean T = 29.4 Stratum 2 (183–549 m) 50 40 30 20 10 Mean T = 26.4 Length frequency 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Stratum 3 (550–1,280 m) 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Mean T = 31.7 All strata 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Mean T = 27.7 Length (cm) Figure 60. Unweighted length-frequency data and mean lengths of shortspine thornyhead by depth stratum for the INPFC U.S.-Vancouver area from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey (T = males, females, and unsexed). 123 Male (solid) and female (dashed) Conception 20 15 10 5 0 0 20 40 60 80 10 8 6 4 2 0 0 Male (solid) and female (dashed) Monterey Mean M = 25.5 F = 28.2 Mean M = 26.5 F = 29.6 20 40 60 80 Length frequency Eureka 20 15 10 5 0 0 20 40 60 80 Mean M = 25.1 F = 25.3 40 30 20 10 0 0 Columbia Mean M = 22.8 F = 25.7 20 40 60 80 U.S. - Vancouver 10 8 6 4 2 0 0 20 40 60 80 Mean M = 29.6 F = 27.7 100 75 50 25 0 0 All INPFC areas Mean M = 24.2 F = 26.8 20 40 60 80 Length (cm) Length (cm) Figure 61. Unweighted length-frequency data and mean lengths of sexed shortspine thornyhead (M = male, F = female) from stratum 2 (183–549 m) by INPFC area during the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. 124 Male (solid) and female (dashed) All strata (55–1,280 m) 75 50 25 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Spiny dogfish spiny dogfish Mean M = 58.9 F = 53.9 150 100 50 0 0 10 Arrowtooth flounder arrowtooth flounder Mean M = 34.8 F = 43.7 1000 800 600 400 200 0 Pacific sanddab Pacific sanddab Mean M = 19.4 F = 22.1 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 0 10 20 30 40 50 Length frequency 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 California skate California skate Mean M = 44.8 F = 46.4 50 40 30 20 10 0 curlfin sole Curlfin sole Mean M = 20.0 F = 23.9 300 petrale sole Petrale sole 200 100 Mean M = 30.7 F = 36.1 125 0 0 10 20 30 40 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 25 50 75 100 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 20 Longnose skate longnose skate Mean M = 57.4 F = 59.1 800 600 400 200 0 Englishsole English sole Mean M = 24.1 F = 30.1 800 600 400 200 0 Rex sole rex sole Mean M =26.7 F = 28.1 40 60 80 100 120 140 0 10 20 30 40 50 0 10 20 30 40 50 Length (cm) Figure 62. Unweighted length-frequency data and mean lengths of spiny dogfish, arrowtouth flounder, Pacific sanddab, California skate, curlfin sole, petrale sole, longnose skate, English sole, and rex sole by sex (M = males, F = females) for all depths (55–1,280 m) and all INPFC areas sampled from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. Male (solid), female (dashed), and unsexed (bold) All strata (55–1,280 m) 200 150 100 50 0 0 10 20 30 Pacific grenadier Pacific grenadier Mean M = 14.7 F = 11.6 U = 4.2 100 75 50 25 0 0 10 Aurora rockfish aurora rockfish Mean M = 26.5 F = 27.1 300 240 180 120 60 0 Chilipepper rockfish chilipepper Mean M = 27.1 F = 31.2 U = 11.3 20 30 40 50 60 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Length frequency 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 20 lingcod Lingcod Mean M = 48.9 F = 51.5 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 20 bocaccio Bocaccio Mean M = 40.3 F = 44.3 100 75 50 25 0 darkblotched rockfish Darkblotched rockfish Mean M = 26.7 F = 26.5 126 40 60 80 100 40 60 80 0 10 20 30 40 50 200 150 100 50 0 0 Pacific hake Pacific hake Mean M = 33.5 F = 37.2 U = 11.0 25 20 15 10 5 0 10 Canary rockfish canary rockfish Mean M = 37.7 F = 40.6 25 20 15 10 5 0 10 greenspotted rockfish Greenspotted rockfish Mean M = 28.0 F = 26.4 20 40 60 80 100 20 30 40 50 60 70 20 30 40 50 Length (cm) Figure 63. Unweighted length-frequency data and mean lengths of Pacific grenadier, aurora rockfish, chilipepper rockfish, lingcod, bocaccio, darkblotched rockfish, Pacific hake, canary rockfish, and greenspotted rockfish by sex (M = males, F = females, U = unsexed) for all depths (55–1,280 m) and all INPFC areas sampled from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. Male (solid), female (dashed), and unsexed (bold) All strata (55–1,280 m) 200 150 100 50 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 greenstriped rockfish Greenstriped rockfish Mean M = 24.2 F = 26.2 100 75 50 25 0 0 rosethorn rockfish Rosethornrockfish Mean M = 23.5 F = 23.3 300 240 180 120 60 0 Splitnose rockfish splitnose rockfish Mean M = 19.2 F = 19.9 U = 10.0 10 20 30 40 50 0 10 20 30 40 Length frequency 200 150 100 50 0 0 halfbanded rockfish Halfbandedrockfish Mean M = 11.2 F = 13.7 U = 10.6 100 75 50 25 0 sharpchin rockfish Sharpchin rockfish Mean M = 22.8 F = 26.7 300 240 180 120 60 0 stripetail rockfish Stripetailrockfish Mean M = 14.2 F = 18.4 U = 11.0 127 5 10 15 20 25 0 10 20 30 40 50 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 50 40 30 20 10 0 10 Pacific ocean perch Pacific ocean perch Mean M = 34.2 F = 34.2 300 240 180 120 60 0 shortbelly rockfish Shortbelly rockfish Mean M = 16.5 F = 17.2 U = 12.2 75 50 25 0 yellowtail rockfish Yellowtail rockfish Mean M = 39.9 F = 41.4 20 30 40 50 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 10 20 30 40 50 60 Length (cm) Figure 64. Unweighted length-frequency data and mean lengths of greenstriped rockfish, rosethorn rockfish, splitnose rockfish, halfbanded rockfish, sharpchin rockfish, stripetail rockfish, Pacific ocean perch, shortbelly rockfish, and yellowtail rockfish by sex (M = males, F = females, U = unsexed) for all depths (55–1,280 m) and all INPFC areas sampled from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. Weight-length Relationships Individual measurements of weight (g) and length (cm) were collected for 49 groundfish species during the 2004 West Coast trawl survey. These data were fit to the following weightlength relationship using a nonlinear least squares fit, W=a×Lb (4) where W is fish weight in grams, L in fish length in centimeters, and a and b are constants. As previously noted, fork length (or total length) was measured for most species; however, anal length was recorded for Pacific grenadier. Results of these analyses, including number sampled and the coefficient of determination (r2) are reported in Table 29. Length-age Relations Otoliths, dorsal fin rays, or dorsal spines were collected from specimens of 53 groundfish species (Table 2) to determine ages. To date, ages have been determined for age structures collected from Dover sole, petrale sole, lingcod, sablefish, Pacific ocean perch, darkblotched rockfish, yellowtail rockfish, and canary rockfish. For this report, each species is treated as a single homogeneous stock and all age data collected during the 2004 survey are used to estimate the species length-age relationship. Growth was described by the von Bertalanffy growth model (von Bertalanffy 1938), Lt = L∞ (1 – e – k ( t – t0 ) ) (5) where Lt is fork length (cm) at age t in years, L∞ is theoretical maximum fork length (cm), k is growth rate (per year), and t0 is the theoretical age (years) when the fish was length zero. Growth equation constants for the von Bertalanffy growth model were calculated from length-atage data for each species by using the least squares, nonlinear regression (SAS Institute Inc. 1999). The von Bertalanffy growth model parameters were estimated for males and females separately to account for possible sex-specific growth rates and for both sexes combined (Table 30). Growth curves were compared by using the extra sum of square principle (Draper and Smith 1981). Growth between the sexes was significantly different (P<0.05), with females growing slower but reaching a larger maximum size than males (Figure 65). Age composition of management species are reported in greater geographic detail in stock assessment documents published by the Pacific Fishery Management Council. 128 Table 29. The weight-length relationships from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey using a nonlinear least squares fit for Equation 4. Species Spiny dogfish Pacific sanddab Arrowtooth flounder Petrale sole English sole Dover sole Starry flounder Sablefish Pacific grenadier Lingcod Chinook salmon Aurora rockfish Bank rockfish Blackgill rockfish Bocaccio Brown rockfish Calico rockfish Canary rockfish Chilipepper rockfish Copper rockfish Cowcod Darkblotched rockfish Flag rockfish Greenblotched rockfish Greenspotted rockfish Greenstriped rockfish Halfbanded rockfish Honeycomb rockfish Longspine thornyhead Pacific ocean perch Pygmy rockfish Redbanded rockfish Redstripe rockfish Rosethorn rockfish Rougheye rockfish Sharpchin rockfish Shortbelly rockfish Shortraker rockfish Shortspine thornyhead Silvergray rockfish Splitnose rockfish Squarespot rockfish Starry rockfish Stripetail rockfish Swordspine rockfish Vermilion rockfish Widow rockfish Yelloweye rockfish Yellowtail rockfish Number sampled 490 1,514 567 1,828 940 2,370 49 2,083 382 860 24 375 77 186 226 43 84 291 856 76 71 569 33 59 290 486 449 16 793 163 46 129 167 316 63 172 478 8 1,675 19 417 26 3 497 74 19 63 18 172 Weight-length coefficients a b 0.002869 3.0773 0.005336 3.1859 0.002440 3.3632 0.001866 3.5026 0.007278 3.0598 0.002397 3.3935 0.005390 3.2406 0.003016 3.3023 0.247072 2.6943 0.001920 3.3911 0.003118 3.3641 0.008487 3.1913 0.006761 3.2225 0.009322 3.1360 0.005958 3.1744 0.004243 3.3732 0.007570 3.2030 0.008965 3.1677 0.006086 3.2320 0.006190 3.2847 0.006677 3.2639 0.012250 3.1099 0.005680 3.3168 0.005665 3.3042 0.005149 3.3381 0.006336 3.2149 0.026115 2.7227 0.005202 3.3331 0.019046 2.8422 0.017119 2.9412 0.162557 2.1334 0.004649 3.3768 0.016584 2.9364 0.008728 3.1419 0.004522 3.3137 0.016740 2.9364 0.004577 3.2716 0.006157 3.2252 0.005347 3.2284 0.020869 2.8899 0.019477 2.9318 0.004855 3.3666 0.004763 3.3357 0.023853 2.8192 0.009795 3.0796 0.007243 3.2334 0.004009 3.3749 0.003873 3.4155 0.009790 3.1646 r2 0.99 0.91 0.98 0.97 0.95 0.97 0.99 0.99 0.96 0.99 0.94 0.98 0.97 0.99 0.99 0.96 0.89 0.99 0.99 0.98 0.99 0.98 0.98 0.99 0.98 0.97 0.78 0.97 0.94 0.98 0.81 0.99 0.96 0.92 0.99 0.94 0.92 0.99 0.99 0.96 0.96 0.97 0.99 0.94 0.79 0.98 0.99 0.99 0.99 129 Table 30. Fitted parameters for the von Bertalanffy growth curve model for selected fish species sampled during the 2004 West Coast Groundfish trawl survey relating length (fork length, cm) to age (years) for males, females, and both sexes combined. Coefficients were determined using a nonlinear least squares fit for Equation 5, with Lt as fork length (cm) at age t in years, L∞ as theoretical maximum length (cm), k as growth rate (per year), and t0 the theoretical age (years) when the fish was length zero. Species Dover sole Female Male Combined Petrale sole Female Male Combined Lingcod Female Male Combined Sablefish Female Male Combined Canary rockfish Female Male Combined Darkblotched rockfish Female Male Combined Pacific ocean perch Female Male Combined Yellowtail rockfish Female Male Combined Number sampled 475 524 999 279 256 535 496 384 880 291 353 644 140 171 311 264 323 587 100 103 203 107 95 202 L∞ 47.077 40.681 46.200 62.589 44.104 65.107 96.864 83.139 92.062 62.557 56.566 58.595 56.073 52.200 53.350 41.442 38.091 39.017 40.521 37.617 39.573 52.187 46.044 49.133 Coefficients k 0.131 0.156 0.099 0.126 0.234 0.106 0.190 0.217 0.195 0.338 0.317 0.408 0.175 0.197 0.194 0.228 0.253 0.250 0.254 0.260 0.169 0.171 0.229 0.192 t0 –2.34 –2.34 –4.91 –1.16 –0.53 –1.62 –0.95 –1.08 –1.03 –2.38 –2.97 –1.81 0.064 0.089 0.144 –0.73 –0.77 –0.72 –0.59 –2.92 –3.86 –0.16 0.09 –0.09 130 Male (+) and female (o) Dover sole 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Male (+) and female (o) Canary rockfish 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Petrale sole 80 60 40 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 5 10 15 20 0 Darkblotched rockfish Fork Length (cm) 20 0 20 40 60 80 Lingcod 100 80 60 40 20 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 Pacific ocean perch 20 40 60 Sablefish 80 60 40 20 0 20 40 60 60 40 20 0 0 Yellowtail rockfish 10 20 30 Age (yr) Age (yr) Figure 65. Von Bertalanffy growth models for male and female Dover sole, canary rockfish, petrale sole, darkblotched rockfish, lingcod, Pacific ocean perch, sablefish, and yellowtail rockfish from the 2004 West Coast groundfish trawl survey. 131 Analysis Approach and Data Requests Population parameters in this document were estimated using statistical procedures similar to those used by Lauth (1999) for surveys conducted on the RV Miller Freeman. This approach does not consider possible differences between vessels, treating each tow as both independent and random. A statistical analysis that explicitly considers vessel effects, the probability distribution of catch per tow, and alternative stratifications is under development (Helser et al. 2004). The results from this analysis will lead to a better understanding of the survey data and may require updating the results and analysis presented in this document at a later date. This document only includes information for key species. 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U.S. Dept. Commer., NOAA Tech. Memo. NMFSNWFSC-75. Keller, A. A., V. H. Simon, B. H. Horness, J. R. Wallace, V. J. Tuttle, E. L. Fruh, K. L. Bosley, D. J. Kamikawa, and J.C. Buchanan. 2007. The 2003 U.S. West Coast bottom trawl survey of groundfish resources off Washington, Oregon, and California: Estimates of distribution, abundance, and length composition. U.S. Dept. Commer., NOAA Tech. Memo. NMFSNWFSC-86. Lauth, R. R. 1999. The 1997 Pacific West Coast upper continental slope trawl survey of groundfish resources off Washington, Oregon and California: Estimates of distribution, abundance, and composition. U.S. Dept. Commer., NOAA Tech. Memo. NMFS-AFSC-98. Lauth, R. R. 2001. The 2000 Pacific West Coast upper continental slope trawl survey of groundfish resources off Washington, Oregon and California: Estimates of distribution, abundance, and composition. U.S. Dept. Commer., NOAA Tech. Memo. NMFS-AFSC-120. 133 Methot, R. D., J. R. Wallace, and C. W. West. 2000. 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