Grant Proposal Writing Workshops in East Lansing Mi

							   Plagiarism
     Gail M. Dummer &
Mary Martha (Marty) Douglas
 Department of Kinesiology


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Outline
                          What is plagiarism?
                          How is plagiarism detected?
                          How is plagiarism prevented?
                          What are the consequences?
                           (aka – why should you care?)
                          Resources



Clipart: http://www.fotosearch.com/ART269/com022/         2
What is Plagiarism?
Plagiarism
             “It's like lip-synching to someone
               else's voice and accepting the
            applause and rewards for yourself”




  http://owl.english.purdue.edu/workshops/hypertext/ResearchW/plag.html   3
THE CHRONICLE OF
HIGHER EDUCATION (3/10/06)
Ohio U. Investigates Plagiarism Charges

Former graduate student says he found blatant copying in
dozens of theses

By THOMAS BARTLETT

Ohio University is investigating 44 possible cases of
plagiarism by current and former engineering graduate
students, all of which were discovered by a former
graduate student who believes that professors there have
fostered a culture of cheating.
                                                           4
What is Plagiarism?
Plagiarism in Research
              Allegations of Scientific Misconduct,
              Received at MSU, 2002/03 – 2006/07
                      5%                    Falsification
              10%
                                27%
                                            Fabrication

                                            Plagiarism

                                            Serious
           38%                              Deviation
                                  20%       Retaliation




        Data from MSU Intellectual Integrity Officer, 10/8/07   5
What is Plagiarism?
Definition
                      “Plagiarism is the appropriation
                      of another person's ideas,
                      processes, results, or words
                      without giving appropriate
                      credit”




Definition: Office of Research Integrity,
http://ori.dhhs.gov/policies/fed_research_misconduct.shtml
Clip art: http://www.fotosearch.com/clip-art/stealing.html
                                                             6
What is Plagiarism?
Examples
   Ideas … using ideas learned from confidential
    reviews of journal articles or grant proposals
   Processes … using research methods described by
    another investigator without permission or credit
   Results … data, figures, tables that represent
    research results
   Words … copying more than 4-6 words from
    another source, rearranging phrases, or
    paraphrasing extensively
   Credit … no citation or inadequate citation

                                                    7
What is Plagiarism?
What is Acceptable vs. Plagiarism?
   Form groups of 4-6 people
   Each group will discuss one case (see handout)
       Consider a realistic situation from your discipline where
        this problem might occur
       Create a scenario involving questionable behavior by a
        grad/post grad student with respect to plagiarism
       Fabricate the details of the scenario
   Ask other workshop participants if the content is:
       OK to use without giving credit (not plagiarism)
       Not OK to use (plagiarism)
       Questionable to use (may be plagiarism)
                                                                    8
What is Plagiarism?
Case #1: Presentation
   You are a member of the audience. The
    speaker shares several ideas which could
    make an impact in your next research
    project.
       1a – professional conference/convention
       1b – departmental seminar
       1c – course lecture




                                                  9
What is Plagiarism?
Case #2: Publication
   You are reading a journal article, chapter,
    or book. The author presents several ideas
    which could make an impact in your next
    research project.
       2a – idea
       2b – words
       2c – process/methods
       2d – results/tables/figures



                                              10
What is Plagiarism?
Case #3: Reviewing
   You are a reviewer. The author shares
    several ideas or processes which could
    make an impact in your next research
    project.
       3a – grant proposal submitted to funding
        agency
       3b – article submitted to journal
       3c – paper written by your student
       3d – paper in course written by fellow student


                                                         11
What is Plagiarism?
Case #4: Internet
   You are doing research using the internet.
    The web page or web site includes several
    ideas which could make an impact in your
    next research project.
       4a – no author or obvious source
       4b – illustrations/images




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What is Plagiarism?
Case #5: Second Language




   You are writing a paper in English, and your
    native language is Martian. When conducting the
    review of literature, you are tempted to use the
    author’s exact words because you don’t know
    how to express the ideas in your own words.

Clipart: http://www.fotosearch.com/ARP116/Alient_C/
                                                      13
What is Plagiarism?
Case #6: Self-Plagiarism
   You are writing a paper for
    publication that is based
    upon your own previous
    research. You want to
    include some of the ideas,
    processes, results, or
    words from your earlier
    publications or proposals.


http://www.resourcefulclassroom.com/html/downloadprint.tpl?art=copy_dudecl.jpg
                                                                                 14
What is Plagiarism?
Summary
                      Sharing to
                  advance knowledge




      Respect for                 Expertise/
      intellectual                knowledge
        property                    in field


                                               15
How is Plagiarism Detected?
                         Readers and reviewers
                         Check references
                         Google 4-6 words
                          (Harris, 2004)
                         Plagiarism detection software
                          (e.g., plagiarismchecker.com,
                          plagiarismdetect.com)




 Harris, R. (2004). Anti-Plagiarism Strategies for Research Papers,
 retrieved on 8/20/08 from http://www.virtualsalt.com/antiplag.htm
                                                                      16
How is Plagiarism Prevented?
 Expertise to determine common
  knowledge versus “new” ideas
 Do the “right thing”
       Follow conscience
       Give credit/use citations
       Talk to mentor



                                                        What would Dean
                                                        Klomparens do?
Clip art: http://www.fotosearch.com/clip-art/angel_6.html
                                                                          17
What are the Consequences?
  scholarly reputation
  self-concept
  grades
 Dissertation not accepted
 Expulsion from university/no degree
 Expulsion from professional organizations
 Loss of job (GA/faculty)
 Etc.

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MSU Resources
   Publications & web sites
       Plagiarism. Research Integrity Newsletter,
        MSU Grad School, Volume 9 (2), 2006.
            http://grad.msu.edu/researchintegrity/docs/ri05.pdf
   Offices
       Graduate School
            http://grad.msu.edu
       University Intellectual Integrity Officer
            http://www.uiio.msu.edu/
       Ombudsman
            https://www.msu.edu/unit/ombud/
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Sampling of Web Sites
   Avoiding plagiarism, self-plagiarism, and other questionable
    writing practices: A guide to ethical writing (Miquel Roig at St.
    Johns University
       http://facpub.stjohns.edu/~roigm/plagiarism/Index.html
   Plagiarism and how to avoid it
       http://ec.hku.hk/plagiarism/
   Avoiding plagiarism (OWL at Purdue)
       http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/589/01/
   Plagiarism.org
       http://www.plagiarism.org
   How to recognize plagiarism (School of Education at Indiana
    University)
       http://www.indiana.edu/~istd/examples.html
   Defining and avoiding plagiarism (Council of Writing Program
    Administrators)
       http://www.wpacouncil.org/node/9                         20
Permission
   Permission is granted by the authors to use this
    presentation in part or whole, giving appropriate
    citation to the authors.
   Dummer, G. M., & Douglas, M. M. (September,
    2008). Plagiarism. Paper presented at
    Responsible Conduct of Research Workshop,
    Michigan State University Graduate School, East
    Lansing, MI.


Credit
s Unless otherwise specified, clip art is from

    http://office.microsoft.com/en-us/clipart           21