IES Philippines Scoping Meeting Summary

IES Philippines Scoping Meeting Summary Manila Observatory March 2004 Summary of Discussions Integrated Environmental Strategies (IES) - Philippines Scoping Meeting 13-14 February 2003 Isla Ballroom 1 & 3, Lower Lobby, Tower Wing EDSA Shangri-La Manila Ortigas Center, Mandaluyong City, MM Meeting Objectives • • • • • • • • Develop specific objectives for IES-Philippines based on the IES program’s approach Identify alternative scenarios that IES-Philippines co-benefits analysis will focus on Reach agreement on geographic scope, timeframe, and time steps for IES analysis Discuss technical issues (including data sets, models, and methodologies) for each aspect of IES analysis, including development of emissions inventory, transportation alternative scenario development, air quality modeling, GHG estimates, public health effects analysis, and economic valuation Develop the basis for a workplan with project timeline and deliverables Identify opportunities for collaboration with related efforts Discuss strategies for using IES analysis in the policymaking process and for implementing IES recommendations Develop mechanism for keeping key stakeholders engaged SESSION I: REGISTRATION AND WELCOME Fr. Daniel J. McNamara, SJ, PhD, of the Manila Observatory stressed the importance of multistakeholdership in programs such as the IES. Believing in the strength of concerted action, he called on everyone to give his share in the project’s implementation. In a nutshell, he shared that: • • MO was approached to lead IES-Philippines before Christmas Elements in MO’s vision-mission would be tapped in IES implementation: Development of a scientific culture • Areas of research on disasters: Typhoons, flooding and, now, air quality (AQ) In particular, the IES Philippines will focus on developing strategies to move forward in terms of AQ • Brief Remarks: Mission Director Michael J. Yates, of the US Agency for International Development (USAID) cited this as an opportunity to work with professional staff. He said IES is an important initiative to develop costeffective strategies to reduce emissions and improve AQ. Minutes of the Integrated Environmental Strategies (IES) - Philippines Scoping Meeting 13-14 February 2003 Isla Ballroom 1 & 3, Lower Lobby, Tower Wing EDSA Shangri-La Manila, Ortigas Center, Mandaluyong City, MM ______________________________________________________________________________ He looked back to the 1990s when USAID embarked on the Environmental and Natural Resources Accounting Program (ENRAP). He stressed that economically valuable environmental assets should be given equal importance and that there should be skills transfer. He is pleased that the Philippines demonstrated early leadership in the region. In a nutshell, he described IES as: • • • • • In-country capacity building Project where partners include US – EPA and NREL Benefiting much from close collaboration with GOs, NGOs and international organizations Requiring combined efforts Harmonizing economic and environmental concerns, particularly with respect to the performance of the transport sector Undersecretary Arturo T. Valdez, of the Department of Transportation and Communication, (DOTC), stressed that there is a need to put our acts together and harmonize our strategies. He looks forward to achieving the goals of the Clean Air Act through the IES and efforts of partners and stakeholders. He shared that the mandatory testing has been problematic but that DOTC continue to go all over the country to promote the Clean Air Act. He cited the WB study that said about 1.5 M US$ is spent per year due to unclean air. He ended his remarks by stressing that the DOTC, DTI, LGUs, and DENR are very concerned and doing their best but that the bigger challenge is to “put our acts together.” Keynote Speech Secretary Elisea G. Gozun, Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR), said that IES is subsumed in the Philippines’ Agenda 21, which encompasses: (1) sound enviro-economy; (2) human development; and (3) harmonization of technologies and policy. She said that the collaborative effort [in IES] is timely. Citing the importance of focusing on air pollution sources -• 50% comes from the energy and transport sectors • 33% from agriculture • 10% from industries • 7% from solid waste she underscored the strategic areas of concern such as on (1) policy; (2) information and education; and (3) technologies and capacity building. She also cited the Metro Manila Air Quality Improvement Sector Program (MMAQISP), which involves all sources and stakeholders, policy, health, traffic, motor vehicles monitoring, and land use. She ended her speech by stressing that “integration needs to be a reality through the contribution of all” and that “beyond the issue of air, we need to work in policy, program and project levels.” SESSION II: INTRODUCTION TO IES AND REVIEW OF MEETING AGENDA Chair: Ms. Rosario Calderon, USAID Manila. Ms Calderon gave a brief summary of USAID thrust and programs in the Philippines. Taking off from USAID’s mission, “Revitalizing the economy and transforming governance to accelerate sustainable growth,” she enumerated the two groups of objectives, which are to: • Improve environmental governance • Forestry • Coastal • Solid waste management • Improve the performance of the energy sector towards better air quality • Reduce electricity rates • Expand use of renewables and clean fuels • Reduce vehicle emissions 2 Minutes of the Integrated Environmental Strategies (IES) - Philippines Scoping Meeting 13-14 February 2003 Isla Ballroom 1 & 3, Lower Lobby, Tower Wing EDSA Shangri-La Manila, Ortigas Center, Mandaluyong City, MM ______________________________________________________________________________ According to Ms. Calderon, the reduction of vehicle emissions can be addressed by: • Having solid support from DOE and DOTC in implementation • Fully implementing the Clean Air Act • Conducting environmental education campaigns; and • Capacity building of partners She also stressed the importance of partnerships among government agencies, private sector, NGOs and academe, partners like NREL and US – EPA, and other donors such as the ADB and WB. Undersecretary Cyril C. del Callar, of the Department of Energy (DOE) shared a brief remark that underscored current challenges such as the reduction transportation emissions, use of alternative fuels in less than 10 years, at least for Metro-Manila (MM); and in the long-term, requiring all vehicles to use only alternative fuels. He ended by asking for the help of all concerned. Fr. Daniel J. McNamara, SJ, PhD, MO Discussion of Meeting Objectives and Review of Agenda Fr. McNamara then gave an overview on what the IES Scoping Meeting is all about. He started off by stressing that the IES will focus on and integrate a strategy for the transport sector in MM. The project will look at the issues; and generate inputs from all stakeholders to come up with strategies. As such, there is a need to get more people (experts) involved and more people to work together. In a nutshell, he said that: • In terms of fuel, a particular policy could be suggested • In terms of health, there is a need for numbers or to quantify [impacts] • In terms of transport, questions such as “how many vehicles are involved?” could be answered • In terms of AQ, we need modeling; and that data should be put together Posing all these issues and concerns, he challenged the group as what can be done until December where the IES Philippines officially ends. He asked questions such as: • • • • Within what framework will we work? How do we come up with policies? What is most co-beneficial? How do we quantify benefits in economic terms? Mr. Kong Chiu, US - EPA Introduction to the Integrated Environmental Strategies (IES) Program Mr. Chui began by saying that IES is a program that will have important impact on AQ in MM, and ultimately the Philippines. Further, he shared that IES is a program, which will quantify the health benefits and economic impacts of AQ and that that there are already other countries, which are progressing at the same rate as the Philippines, who have been developing and implementing IES strategies to improve their AQ and to protect public health. In fact, the Philippines is the 8th country introduced to the IES program. He then stressed that this is not an EPA program but a Philippine program so that the crucial factor for its success is the involvement of different agencies. The IES experts are going to write policy but that the goal of the IES is implementation and not simply a writing of a report. Mr. Chiu enumerated the IES objectives which could be summarized as: the identification of strategies and building of institutions with analytical capacity to influence policy makers. 3 Minutes of the Integrated Environmental Strategies (IES) - Philippines Scoping Meeting 13-14 February 2003 Isla Ballroom 1 & 3, Lower Lobby, Tower Wing EDSA Shangri-La Manila, Ortigas Center, Mandaluyong City, MM ______________________________________________________________________________ In IES, measures are being identified; tools are being put together; and public health benefits are being quantified. IES is also about striking a balance between economics, short term air quality needs and long term goals. He cited efforts in other countries: • China - has rigid central planning (this is how they work) • Beijing - moving towards implementation; aiming to better AQ by 2008 Olympics • Argentina - looking at other policy procedures • Other countries have collaboration with NGOs and policymakers; tap country researchers; have a public press conference He ended his presentation by looking at the things that this meeting should accomplish such as determining scope of work, getting feedback from the participants; determining what should be the outcome of IES in the Philippines; drafting workplan; and scheduling a list of deliverables. Mr. Collin Green, NREL Mr. Green said the workshop can provide the best input for analysis and some of the methodologies that can be used are: • Co-control analysis (what are the technologies, policies, data for AQ); and • Co-control benefits (what are benefits for GHG mitigation) He then summarized the possible steps in the 12-month project: • Consultation with policymakers and stakeholders regarding existing scenarios and alternative scenarios • Analysis of measures in terms of energy and AQ (AQ models and PM Analysis) • Analysis of health effects: Compare value of health impacts Initial cost of the program vs. reduction of GHG emissions • Valuation Studies (mortality, morbidity) • Policy Analysis (make a cost benefit analysis, rank alternative scenarios and make recommendations) • Implementation of Recommendations Differs from country to country This should be implemented nationally (share and link results from transport to AQ and energy) Integration is very difficult, very challenging Mr. Green also suggested that in integrating measures, the following should be remembered: • Measures should address different pollutants (not only a particular pollutant) • Global and local pollutants are concerned but the policy measure should be an overlap of both local and global; the integrated measures to be presented should be from experiences of different countries, addressing local as well as global level Mr. Luis T. Cifuentes, MD, IES - Chile IES - Chile’s Experience in Moving from Analysis to Implementation Mr. Cifuentes gave an overview of the program in Chile. The first things they have done is to look into existing scenarios and agreed that: • GHG emission has long-term effects • There is a short-term and medium-term benefits from air pollution abatement • GHG reduction will in turn cause air pollution reduction 4 Minutes of the Integrated Environmental Strategies (IES) - Philippines Scoping Meeting 13-14 February 2003 Isla Ballroom 1 & 3, Lower Lobby, Tower Wing EDSA Shangri-La Manila, Ortigas Center, Mandaluyong City, MM ______________________________________________________________________________ There is a 30% less emission for climate policy scenario as compared to business as usual Implementation of some kind of policies will make benefits; what you get from benefits can compensate for the cost to implement Now, he said that there is already an integrated analysis of air pollution and energy saving mitigation measures in Santiago; and that there is a perfect balance between carbon reduction and PM 2.5 precursor advection. It took Chile over one year to integrate CO2 emissions into evaluation of Santiago but that it has been worth it. He said that the key is to identify the most important issues, coordinate with authorities and share results with stakeholders. SESSION III: ALTERNATIVE SCENARIOS FOR IES - PHILIPPINES ANALYSIS Chair: Mr. Collin Green, National Renewable Energy Laboratories (NREL) Ms. Jocelyn F. Manalaysay, Partnership for Clean Air (PCA) Highlights of the Clean Air Act Ms. Manalaysay started by saying that the Clean Air Act (RA 8749) guarantees our right to breath clean air. Its principles are based on: • Government’s responsibility to protect and advance a balanced and healthful ecology • Thinking globally, acting locally • Pollution prevention – “Polluters must pay” • Pollution prevention is for the good and concern of all The Clean Air Act addresses stationary and mobile sources and imposes fines and penalties for violators. It enumerates institutions that are responsible for air pollution controls and activities. Ms. Manalaysay ended her presentation by citing the current challenges: • Very little awareness, knowledge and understanding • Is the public willing to pay the price of cleaner air? • 750 P M PhP allocated has not been appropriated for technical assistance and loans • Institutional capacity and equipments are needed to implement [emissions] testing, enforcement [of regulations] and [AQ] monitoring • Smoke belching ban is not [extensively] imposed; of 17 LGUs, only 2 LGUs enforce no smokebelching Asst. Sec. Francisco Benito, DOE Overview of the Energy Sector in the Philippines with Focus on Fuels Asst. Secretary Benito said that 54.5% of fuels are imported and out of this, 9.2% come from coal and 45.3% from oil. The remaining 45.5% are sourced from hydro power, geothermal, biomass and natural gas. Imported fuels are mostly imported from the Middle Eastern countries such as Iran, Quatar, Saudi Arabia, Yemen and the United Arab Emirates. We also import from China, Malaysia, Singapore and Australia. We also have natural gas of 3MW from Isabela. The energy crisis in the 90s forced the DOE to diversify and use power generation mix. To date, we have been gaining milestones in alternative fuel generation -• The Malampaya [project] won an award in South Africa for sustainable development • We are second largest producer of geothermal energy next to the US • If we invest in natural gas, we can reduce CO contents by 90%, particulate matter (PM) by 10% and oxides by 90% • Petron Auto LPG station (Valle Verde) will be replicated after 10 years; buses will be on natural gas (200 on LPG; 500 CME) • • 5 Minutes of the Integrated Environmental Strategies (IES) - Philippines Scoping Meeting 13-14 February 2003 Isla Ballroom 1 & 3, Lower Lobby, Tower Wing EDSA Shangri-La Manila, Ortigas Center, Mandaluyong City, MM • • • • ______________________________________________________________________________ In 2012, we can already be using electric vehicles Ilocos wind power started construction this year After 10 years, all PUV will be powered by natural gas We hold the No.1 position in geothermal energy and wind power in the ASEAN Broad View of Key Issues in Transportation in Metro-Manila Mr. Hussein S. Lidasan, PhD University of the Philippines-National (UP-NCTS) In a nutshell, Dr. Lidasan cited the steady increase in urban population and that it would automatically worsen the problem on traffic congestion. He said the problem of traffic congestion is a manifestation of interrelated problems. He then presented current statistics such as the number of registered vehicles in MM, car ownership structure and forecast, vehicles per kilometer in ASEAN, person trips, traffic volume on major corridors, and average travel time and occupancy of public transport. Dr. Lidasan said the social impacts of traffic congestion in MM can be determined through calculation of congestion cost. He then supported the idea of coming up with mitigating measures aimed at alleviating impacts of traffic congestion and other transport problems. These measures can be focused on: • Public transportation systems • Public transport integration • Other mitigating measures Travel demand measures Land use control Discouragement of private car ownership or usage Arnel Manresa for Assistant Secretary Roberto T. Lastimoso, DOTC – LTO Mr. Manresa said that 70% of air pollution in the Philippines is attributable to mobile sources, particularly motor vehicles. The Land Transportation Office (LTO) is mainly responsible for vehicle registration and enforcement of land transportation rules and regulations. LTO, therefore, plays an important role in the implementation of the Clean Air Act. In line with the implementation of the CAA, the following is now mandated: • Non-registration of new motor vehicles unless there is a valid Certificate of Conformity (COC) issued by the EMB-DENR • Non-registration of rebuilt or second-hand vehicles imported into the country or pre-registered vehicles retrofitted with second-hand engines without valid Certificate of Compliance to Emission Standard (CCES) issued by the DOTC • Non-renewal of registration of in-use motor vehicles without valid Certificate of Compliance issued by the Private Emission Testing Centers (PETC) for private vehicles or by DOTC/ LTO for PUVs • Deployment of opacity meters and gas analyzers in LTO District Offices • Authorization of PETCs • Motor Vehicle Inspection System or MVIS Expansion Project: Deployment of a systematic and comprehensive vehicle testing system nationwide • Anti-Smoke Belching Project: Roadside inspection of motor vehicles • Bantay Usok/ Text Usok Campaign Summarizing various issues and concerns, he cited the following as needing immediate intervention: • Huge volume of motor vehicles in MM from within and neighboring regions 6 Minutes of the Integrated Environmental Strategies (IES) - Philippines Scoping Meeting 13-14 February 2003 Isla Ballroom 1 & 3, Lower Lobby, Tower Wing EDSA Shangri-La Manila, Ortigas Center, Mandaluyong City, MM ______________________________________________________________________________ • • • • • • • Majority of engines used by PUVs except taxis use second-hand or rebuilt engines, which are not efficient 1.7 M motorcycles use two-stroke engines which produce high levels of hydrocarbons Most vehicle owners, such as of PUVs, may not be financially capable to fix engine Government should develop and promote alternative fuels Need more smoke testing equipment to enhance roadside inspection nationwide 2003 budget does not include appropriation of equipment Mass transit/ railway must be promoted Mr. Albert Suansing, Confederation of Land Transportation Organizations of the Philippines (COLTOP) Mr. Suansing cited statistics on public vehicles in MM. According to him, there are now 8,000 buses, 10,000 jeepneys, 15,000 trucks, 26,000 taxis, 10,000 Asian Utility Vehicles (AUVs/ FXs) and 100,000 tricycles plying the roads of Metro Manila. PUVs serve about 30% of total population of MM. In addressing transport problems, there is a need to review existing practices such as the color-coding scheme (i.e., where are your figures re: color-coding?) and apprehension of smoke belchers. Likewise, there is a need to look into the costs -- spending 8M PhP investment in CNG cannot be practical when the fare is only P4.00. Mr. Homer Maranan, Chamber of Automotive Manufacturers of the Philippines (CAMPI) Mr. Maranan gave an overview on the industry saying that the Philippines has the smallest market for automotives in Asia. Even then, not all vehicles are registered and that some vehicles cannot comply with standards. He said there is a need to address specific issues such as on: • Motor vehicle in-use standards • Private emissions testing centers (PETCs) - why marginalize dealers?; it has no legal basis; they have capability and expertise • Used motor vehicle importation He lamented that automotive industry dealers receive the least priority in authorization when dealers have substantial investment in technologies and have long experience. He then enumerated specific laws and regulations that should already be very useful: • EO 156: New Motor Vehicle Development Program • RA 8749: Clean Air Act • RA 8506: Bans on Right-Hand Drive Vehicles • Guideline of the Inter-Agency Committee on Used Trucks and Engines and Regulations • Opinion 101, series of 1999, Department of Justice • Opinion 161, series of 1999, Office of the Government Corporate Counsel Finally, he appealed that the government should strictly implement all laws and regulations pertaining to vehicle importation. Mr. Reynaldo Marquez, Philippine Institute of Petroleum Inc. Mr. Marquez explained that the Philippine Institute of Petroleum is an umbrella organization of oil companies in the Philippine Downstream Oil Sector; it is an active participant in implementation of laws and policies, including the Clean Air Act (RA 8749) and other environmental regulations. He then enumerated the following milestones: • Removal of lead from gasoline (June 1997) 7 Minutes of the Integrated Environmental Strategies (IES) - Philippines Scoping Meeting 13-14 February 2003 Isla Ballroom 1 & 3, Lower Lobby, Tower Wing EDSA Shangri-La Manila, Ortigas Center, Mandaluyong City, MM ______________________________________________________________________________ • • • Reduction of sulfur in diesel fuel from 0.4% to 0.2% (January 2001) Reduction of aromatics in gasoline from 45% to 35% and benzene from 4% to 2% (January 2003) Reduction of sulfur in diesel fuel to 0.5% (January 2004) He said that the Institute is currently working on: (1) bio-diesel; (2) auto LPG, which is very successful compared to natural gas; (3) compressed natural gas (CNG) for transport; (4) tricycles with two-stroke engines, an essential mode of transport. He concluded by citing the MMAQISP and posing the following questions: • Have improvements been achieved? • How do we know that we have improved? What are the measures of the improvements? We should have baselines. • What else needs to be done? • Can we pull our resources together? Summary of Alternative Scenarios Identified to Date for IES Analysis Based on Transport Scenarios Presented by Panelists Mr. Collin Green, NREL Mr. Green summarized all the issues and concerns pointed out by the panelists: • Modeling change has implications on technology and policy options • Clean technology introduction • Dirty technology removal • Clean activity use (Planning land use by segregation and classification) • Dirty activity disuse Issues in transportation activities • Private transportation • Public transportation; PUVs: Linking land use and transportation • Local and regional commercial freight • Maintenance, inspection and regulation of vehicles • Improvement of fuels and fuel distribution • Transportation management and fleet management • Land use and transportation planning and management Alternative transport measures • Alternative and cleaner fuels: i.e., compressed natural gas or CNG, biofuels, etc. • Vehicle standards, maintenance and testing • Expand public transportation by dedicated yet integrated bus lines • Reducing the number of jeepneys and tricycles • Land use change • Car zones • Pedi-cab and bicycle lanes Others: • Rehabilitate existing road lines in MM • Measurement of travel demand, volume reduction and increase in speeds • Economic instruments like decongestion and decentralization • Link land use and transportation development • • • 8 Minutes of the Integrated Environmental Strategies (IES) - Philippines Scoping Meeting 13-14 February 2003 Isla Ballroom 1 & 3, Lower Lobby, Tower Wing EDSA Shangri-La Manila, Ortigas Center, Mandaluyong City, MM ______________________________________________________________________________ Open Forum The following questions/issues were raised in the open forum: 1. With all discussions, traffic is a cause of vehicle emissions. Why not look at the lack of discipline that causes traffic? We are looking at infrastructure and all [other] things. Internal discipline is forgotten. Congestion is the effect of lack of education. 2. Where is the AQM plan? 90% of suggestions are already in a government document. We are good at issuing legislation but is it realizable? MVIS: 300 PhP, is this realistic; In the US, 10-12 US$ to test? We may need to reduce testing fees; if so, PETC will not be able to make money. 3. [As response to the earlier question] 300 PhP inspection fee was taken from a financial analysis of a consultant. We are trying to correct this. PETC has no control over MVIS. Standard CO (2.5-3.5%) will be maintained until you scrap [or retire] vehicles. 4. [Follow-up response] There is a need to bring together stakeholders rather than relying on a consultant’s suggestion. We Need to work and bring together the right range of analysis, an objective of IES; AQM plan is our goal. Need to avoid pitfalls. But need to develop a feedback process and not just stop with a plan. Need to help MO integrate in some way. The implementation of analysis is of great value. MO will help carry out these activities. 5. How about the problems of false registration and how to apprehend or enforcement? 6. What about vehicle registration: it may be impossible for first vehicles to comply with standards next year. 7. Regarding: Non-compliance, the Certificate of Compliance must be issued from the country of origin. 2% in the industry hasn’t complied in the aromatics and benzene requirements. Shell complied…50 taxis [powered] by Shellane in Cebu… 8. Accreditation of the use of anti-pollution devices was not mentioned by any panelist. DENR is responsible for this as a mitigating measure to improve AQ. SESSION IV: AQ/GHG ANALYSIS IN IES - PHILIPPINES Chair: Mr. Kong Chiu, United States Environmental Protection Agency (US - EPA) [Key Issues in] AQ/GHG Analysis in Other IES Countries, Mr. Collin Green, NREL Normally, pollutants for emissions inventory are focused on PM 10 Pollutants for AQM analysis (PM 10 is the primary health concern; few countries have attempted analysis of PM 2.5) and TSP, PM 2.5, SO2, Nox, CO. GHG analysis is focused on CO2 (fuel combustion). Other pollutants being studied are N2O and CH4. Other countries have applied a range of AQ model – in Chile, they used Eulerian box model and source apportionment approach; in Argentina, Airware/ ISC – Gaussian plume model; in Brazil and Mexico, CIT photochemical airshed model – 3D Eulerian; and in Shanghai Beijing, Korea and India, ISC and RAINS/ ATMOS (lagrangian model). 9 Minutes of the Integrated Environmental Strategies (IES) - Philippines Scoping Meeting 13-14 February 2003 Isla Ballroom 1 & 3, Lower Lobby, Tower Wing EDSA Shangri-La Manila, Ortigas Center, Mandaluyong City, MM ______________________________________________________________________________ Mr. Khervin U. Cheng Chua, MO Overview of Work on Air Quality Monitoring and Emissions Inventories In the Philippines, there are already existing programs such as those with the Asian Regional Research Programme on Environmental Technology (ARRPET; 2000-2003); Particulate Matter Monitoring in MM (March – September 2002); and Public Health Monitoring Component (MMAQISDP; September 2002May 2003). Sampling sites are in Manila Observatory (MO); National Printing Office (NPO); Philippine General Hospital (PGH); Good Shepherd Retreat House, Antipolo; Chason Southville, Pasig; Barangay Mapulang Lupa, Valenzuela; and BF Almanza, Las Piñas Trending follow: • Geometric weekday means for PM 2.5 and 10 samples (55 each) collected over 6 months • Geometric monthly means for PM 2.5 and 10 samples (55 each) collected over 6 months • Rise in concentrations during wet season (June – July) • PM 10 and 2.5 correlation between 45 paired samples collected over 6 months • Frequency: Distribution of PM 2.5 values for MO (samples = 28), NPO (72), PGH (70), GS (53) and Pasig (24) • Elemental composition: • Typical PM 2.5 sample composition for MO collected during the dry season over two years • Lots of sulfur and potassium with the rest as trace • Elemental correlations: Good correlations between Zn/ Mn and Ni/ V hint towards possible source relationships • Positive matrix factorization; 3 major sources are evident contributors to PM 2.5 pollution in MO: • Soil profile • Mobile source • Coal burning • No results yet from chemical mass balance analysis • Potential source contribution function: Relating wind direction values with PM 2.5 levels gives a hint to where potential pollution sources are found • Emissions inventory • Local emission factors according to emissions (PM, SO2, CO, HC, Pb, CO2) by vehicle/ fuel type and average annual kilometers run per vehicle type Highest contributors to the different types of pollutants by vehicle – fuel type Mr. Emmanuel Anglo,PhD, MO Overview of Air Quality Modeling for Metro-Manila – models used, data available, etc., Dr. Anglo explained the framework – i.e., dispersion modeling converts emissions to air pollution concentrations; superimposes onto a population map for [indication of] public exposure; builds scenario to test AQ measures that improve AQ. Modeling scheme for AQ use emissions, topography, meteorology, dispersion model, and air pollution concentration map. Modeling scheme for health and economic costs use air pollution concentration map, population distribution map, and economic models (such as on cost of medical care and exposure models, i.e., morbidity and mortality). Currently, Dr. Anglo explained that there are already known modeling studies but that primary pollutants only are given focus such as TSP and SO2; there has been no study yet on secondary pollutants such as O3, sulfates, and __. 10 Minutes of the Integrated Environmental Strategies (IES) - Philippines Scoping Meeting 13-14 February 2003 Isla Ballroom 1 & 3, Lower Lobby, Tower Wing EDSA Shangri-La Manila, Ortigas Center, Mandaluyong City, MM ______________________________________________________________________________ Some data requirements include emissions inventory, traffic counts, HH emissions, dumpsite emissions and meteorology. The key challenges are on completing the emissions inventory, gathering traffic data, selecting the model and testing model sensitivity. Open Forum The following questions/issues were raised in the open forum: 1. Where is EMB [involved]? How is expanded monitoring to be integrated into MO? 2. There is a need to build analytical capacity in independent groups, e.g. the DENR. Technical capacity [may be developed] in the academe. 3. DENR has monitoring vans, e.g. in MO to be operational by June, others by the year-end, [which could be fed into the] models. 4. There is limited time. We need to put components into a complex system, which results in modular framework. Can substitute advanced/ alternative modules [be used] as new data and components [become] available? [This leads to] a flexible system to incorporate different modules. 5. Cagayan de Oro has 8 months of data. We need to use data from Cebu and not just MM. 6. Can AQM compute GHGs? Pushing for GHG reduction and maintenance and calibration [of motor vehicles]. How much GHG reduction [is required]? 7. [Local] emission factors are important. 8. We can measure CO2. There is satellite monitoring. There is no law about CO2. Vehicle testing can be used to measure but this is not being done and is not required. Data is in potential…(?) 9. We have AQM since late 1996. Do we have database of pollutant source apportionment? 10. We are lacking in social, behavioral, attitudinal studies for changes [towards] prioritization of AQ. What are people’s attitudes towards clean air? This is important for politicians and for education. We need to educate polluters [on the] causes of pollution. 11. These are interesting/ good/ important issues to keep in mind. 12. There is a need to investigate burning of bunker fuel substitute. They are burning used oil in cement plants, for [manufacturing of] plastics and metals. There are 680 pollution sources [requiring] stack information. 13. What about the wet season factor? They could cause heavier traffic? 14. Need information from DENR on [use of] bunker fuels and emission inventories. 15. DOE is involved in a project on bunker fuel substitutes. 11 Minutes of the Integrated Environmental Strategies (IES) - Philippines Scoping Meeting 13-14 February 2003 Isla Ballroom 1 & 3, Lower Lobby, Tower Wing EDSA Shangri-La Manila, Ortigas Center, Mandaluyong City, MM ______________________________________________________________________________ SESSION V: HEALTH EFFECTS ANALYSIS IN IES-PHILIPPINES Chair: Mr. Ronald D. Subida, MD, MP, UP College of Public Health Chile, Dr. Luis T. Cifuentes, IES - Chile Health Impacts Analysis with an application to Santiago Dr. Cifuentes said that there are methods to quantify benefits of pollution abatement: direct and indirect. The direct use hedonic -- property values and contingent valuation while the indirect use damage function approach. In the selection of pollutants, the first decision is to determine criteria pollutants and air toxics. The next step is to determine which measures of PM, considering particles and gases, have most yet independent effects. In Europe, SO2 is more associated with mortality. The next phase is to selection endpoints: health effects associated with air pollution. The following factors can serve as guide: • Relevance for the exposed population • Availability of studies, preferably local • Existence of local evidence and data The criteria for considering studies can be: • Solid scientific basis • Local studies preferred • Quantifiable results with info on error • Measures of fine particles • Consideration of endpoints which can be valued • Epidemiological studies The computation of daily effects can then follow: all time series studies compute changes for daily effects. The base rate of effects can be: • Mortality rates from NCSO? • Hospital admission from the health ministry? • Lost work days from the labor ministry, HMOs? • Other studies? Finally, valuation of effects can be done. The values can be derived from: • Medical treatment cost, cost of illness or COI • Lost productivity • Disutility: Contingent valuation and difficult to determine or apply • Local studies • Values transferred from other countries • Income elasticity: Less sensitive to income differences • In Santiago, values are from the EPA • Purchase power parity (PPP) There are issues in computing the excess health effects, such as – • Modification of effects by environmental, socio-economic and demographic conditions Socioeconomic studies: Effects of air pollution would be larger in wealthier areas Educational levels influence relative risk • Problematic extrapolation of unit risks and base rates of the effects Use of short-term mortality studies is problematic Unit risk decreases with PM10 increase; overstate benefits if you get the average Unit risk increases with temperature increase 12 Minutes of the Integrated Environmental Strategies (IES) - Philippines Scoping Meeting 13-14 February 2003 Isla Ballroom 1 & 3, Lower Lobby, Tower Wing EDSA Shangri-La Manila, Ortigas Center, Mandaluyong City, MM ______________________________________________________________________________ Unit risk increases with population density Extrapolation of base rates in Santiago and Buenos Aires is more than in the US • Thresholds require daily effects for O3 and PM Dr. Cifuentes concluded the session by saying that health impact analysis is in a maturing stage with many applications all over the world; but that precautions need to be taken to perform it correctly. Mr. Ronald D. Subida, MD, MP, UP College of Public Health Public Health Assessment and Economic Valuation of Health Impacts: Air Pollution in Metropolitan Manila, Philippines, Dr. Subida said that there are already local health studies on air pollution such as on daily personal exposure of selected populations to specific pollutants (MM, 1990); prevalence of chronic respiratory symptoms among selected populations in MM(1990); prevalence of chronic respiratory illnesses among selected populations in MM (1990); mean 24-hour exposure levels of study populations to different air pollutants; distribution of children according to respiratory symptoms (MM, 1993); distribution of pulmonary function tests of schoolchildren in Baybay, Leyte, according to ‘normal’ clinical standards, 1993; and baseline health profile of communities located along major thoroughfares in the MM airshed. Likewise, there has been a study on the impact of PM10 pollution on health in 1992. The Valuation of health impact can benefit much from the URBAIR Report (MM, 1992) and the the Philippine Environment Monitor, 2000. Current efforts are also being done through the Public Health Monitoring of the MM Air Quality Improvement Sector Development Program. This covers: • Health risk assessment • Panel study using prospectively collected data • Policy options/ actions • Health risk perception survey Open Forum The following questions/issues were raised in the open forum: 1. It doesn’t matter what economic area you are in; [we experience] the same effect and cost. 2. Temperature [rise] and global warming are pollution issues. 3. Yes, there are other studies, especially in cold countries, [where] temperature and mortality studies are associated and done. 4. 1997 [levels of] lead from gasoline is not much different. There are differences in statistics for Pb content in blood. 5. Lead in the atmosphere [stays] a couple of months [while] lead in the body [stays] a long time. [There are] different sources. 6. Thailand phased out lead before the Philippines. Lead is still considerable [here]. Paint might be a source. Removed Pb from paint in the US. SESSION VI: IES-PHILIPPINES KEY PROJECT ISSUES Chair: Fr. Daniel J. McNamara, SJ, PhD, MO Ms. Mary Anne M. Velas, IES – Philippines Project Coordinator, MO 13 Minutes of the Integrated Environmental Strategies (IES) - Philippines Scoping Meeting 13-14 February 2003 Isla Ballroom 1 & 3, Lower Lobby, Tower Wing EDSA Shangri-La Manila, Ortigas Center, Mandaluyong City, MM ______________________________________________________________________________ Recap of Day 1 and Mechanics of Breakout Groups As a slightly different and simpler way of doing a recap, Ms. Velas gave an overview on the IES as a response by first tackling the current situation where there are unwise consumption, modernization, urban migration and population growth. All these eventually lead to congestion: more and more people are fighting over less and less space. Congestion in effect leads to higher health risks, higher cost of living, lesser resources, dirtier physical environment and culture of helplessness and lawlessness. IES as a response then integrates analysis in areas such as health impacts, fuel/energy use, transport, air quality and economics (taking off from logical measures & scenarios) and developing policy frameworks/ initiatives which can only be implemented meaningfully if there is effective governance—both in government and civil society. Effective governance then leads to better health, improved economy, cleaner environment and finally, sustainable development. The use of IES is encouraged because: 1. Everything in this world is interconnected – problems (and solutions) come from interconnected sources; 2. IES encourages sharing of resources (i.e., health impact data benefits much from AG modeling); 3. IES is long-term (from strategizing to policymaking to implementation) 4. IES is holistic, multi-disciplinary (more scientific because there is adequate check and balance; therefore more credible) The challenge can be confronted in two areas: (1) in communicating to policymakers; and (2) in educating the public. Both these segments are crucial as targets. In the end, we need policies to shape our development plans and activities; and success lies in building the capacity of the people and creating a culture of: • • • • Involvement, participation Discipline Respect – not just to law but also to rights of others Nationhood Hopefully, through these two-pronged approaches, we develop and encourage good citizenship and effective governance, both of which are the needed foundation for sustainable development. Ms. Velas then gave the mechanics for the workshop but advised the groups to follow their own systems of eliciting the kind of responses that they need. Results of breakout groups in plenary with open forum: Health Effects Analysis and Economic Analysis Chairs: Dr. Luis T.Cifuentes,IES -Chile and Dr. Ronald D. Subida, UP-CPH (What are the health endpoints of concern for air quality analysis? What analytical approaches will be used in estimating health impacts? How will economic valuation be done? Who will gather data from where and how will data gaps be addressed?) Presentor: Desiree Narvaez, MD, DOH In this group, they used the following questions as guide to discussion: 14 Minutes of the Integrated Environmental Strategies (IES) - Philippines Scoping Meeting 13-14 February 2003 Isla Ballroom 1 & 3, Lower Lobby, Tower Wing EDSA Shangri-La Manila, Ortigas Center, Mandaluyong City, MM ______________________________________________________________________________ I. II. III. IV. V. What are the health endpoints? What are the key air pollutants? What are the analytic methodologies? Data gaps, data needs Data and methods for health and economic valuation Problems/Issues Total Non-accidental Respiratory Cardiovascular Upper respiratory Lower respiratory Skin diseases IQ Loss Occupational diseases Hospital admission Sources of Data City data, NSO National Epi Center (DOH) ------Health offices, health dept “ ------PhilHealth, HMOs, Medicare (gov’t corp. that covers 70% of hospitals) Compulsory for hospitals to submit this admissions Food and Nutrition Research Institute (FNRI) ------------Bureau of labor conditions Personnel Management Association of the Phil (PMAP) Dept. of Labor, HMOs Dept. of Education OSHC, DOLE (2 ofcs), PMA GSIS, ECC, SSS PhilHealth, HMOs Sales/ industry I. Health endpoints MORTALITY MORBIDITY OTHER HEALTH ENDPOINTS Cost of medical treatment Unknown health effects Malnutrition QUALITY OF LIFE ISSUES Fertility/Childbirth problems Restricted activity*1 days Children/elderly more adversely affected Cost of living Lost investment Tourism Work days lost ECONOMICS1 Work productivity School absenteeism/drop-out Work absenteeism Work drop-out Repairs to buildings Hospital admissions Cost of medical treatment Preventive costs 15 Minutes of the Integrated Environmental Strategies (IES) - Philippines Scoping Meeting 13-14 February 2003 Isla Ballroom 1 & 3, Lower Lobby, Tower Wing EDSA Shangri-La Manila, Ortigas Center, Mandaluyong City, MM ______________________________________________________________________________ 1 restricted activity-e.g. getting sick, can’t exercise etc. II. Key pollutants PM10, PM2.5, Lead (Pb), Hydrocarbons (HC), Carbon monoxide (CO) III. Data needs • Issues Baseline data for morbidity/mortality Define time frame Very limited exposed response action • Sources of data Health offices Get from specific transport workers (e.g. jeepney drivers) From different transport sources HMOs IV. Data gaps and data needs • Data are difficult to get/ acquire V. Data and methods for health and economic valuation • Direct/Indirect costs • Value of Life • Willingness to pay for clean air • Ability to pay (source: NEDA) • How do you find data? Look at specific sectors Classes A and B are willing to pay Willingness and ability to pay will be difficult to classes C,D and E of the country which comprises of 70-80% of the total population • • Tools for Analysis: Dr. Cifuentes offered tools used in Chile Concerns: Is it user-friendly? Too complicated to handle/ too technical Too expensive Other economic costs of air pollution Opportunity cost due to lost of investments (more investors choose to leave Metro Manila due to air pollution There are tourism effects Preventive actions: ionizers in AC cars Work efficiency Other matters: People coping up in meeting basic needs… this is a problem!! Opportunity cost? Jeepney drivers could ask government to subsidize machine conversions Convince government to do something IES tool to pressure government Value of life in the Philippines is PhP 30,000 only!! • • 16 Minutes of the Integrated Environmental Strategies (IES) - Philippines Scoping Meeting 13-14 February 2003 Isla Ballroom 1 & 3, Lower Lobby, Tower Wing EDSA Shangri-La Manila, Ortigas Center, Mandaluyong City, MM ______________________________________________________________________________ Open Forum The following questions/issues were raised in the open forum: 1. What is that 13,000 PhP cost? 2. This value is the] accidental death indemnity 3. 30,000 PhP is based on the Civil Code. It considers how much income loss, compensatory damage. 4. Don’t use figure; it should be income loss. 5. This is just anecdotal evidence of how life is valued. 6. What are the tools for analyses? Iterations? There seemed to be lots of endpoints. We need to develop framework or modeling tools for policymakers. [There are] new questions, measures, better concentration response functions… 7. Wish list has limitations. Some data [are] difficult to measure. Maybe we don’t don’t have to touch on modeling. We need more on scenarios and health impacts. 8. [Moved] to measure loss based on life expectancy; premature death [has] actuarial cost. 9. Savings arise from lowered deaths. 10. Model is [needed] as part of IES for health impacts. 11. Is there [any] move by the Government to develop databases (e.g. Births, deaths…) to physically count or report [cases]? 12. DOH with NSO [does] regular national demographic surveys (every 5 years). There is a need to improve regular reporting. 13. There is a country program on the informal sector and one of the areas being prioritized is on data and statistics. Ambient Air Quality Modeling Chair: Dr. Emmanuel Anglo, MO (Emission inventories. Ambient monitoring. Which air quality model or models should be used? Does the selected model need to be modified for use in IES -Philippines analysis? Who will gather data from where and how will data gaps be addressed?) 17 Minutes of the Integrated Environmental Strategies (IES) - Philippines Scoping Meeting 13-14 February 2003 Isla Ballroom 1 & 3, Lower Lobby, Tower Wing EDSA Shangri-La Manila, Ortigas Center, Mandaluyong City, MM ______________________________________________________________________________ Presentor: Dr. Emmanuel Anglo, MO PROBLEMS/ ISSUES/ GAPS/ EXISTING SCENARIOS Which Pollutants do we need data on? (This is the first question given by Dr. Anglo to the group; instead of using the index cards the group had a sort of open forum, initiated by and facilitated by Dr. Anglo; he gave them major issues; discussion followed the train of questioning that Dr. Anglo presented; the group members likewise posed questions; issues they had in mind) EXISTING MEASURES EMB monitors TSP S02 and PM10 RECOMMENDATIONS Expect PM2.5, PM10 and criteria pollutant (other gas data available from the EMB van will be collected as well); [expect] data from the EMB vans that are to be refurbished by June 2003 (in MO at least) Get PM2.5 and PM10 data of MO; and also OPSIS data of criteria pollutants Get PM2.5, elemental and carbon data on particulates from PNRI (they have data in MO since 1997 and have a LA Mesa Dam site; a UST site and a Poveda site; among others)-they also do source apportionment studies Consider the pollutant data that other groups (such as those concerned with health) need (example ozone might not be needed by the health group since it doesn’t have any significant health effect (Collin Green, NREL) Let’s use EFs and try to move away from IPCC Efs; try to adjust the EFs to local conditions In fact India and other countries do this (Collin Green, NREL) If DENR has the capability to monitor the entire airshed, then lets cover that; since we will be aiming to create policies at a national level, looking at other cities beyond MM will not be a Do we need to get data of GHGs? (Question asked by Roger) -And besides CO2 is a complete combustion product; some of our engines are complete combustion engines What is the geographic scope of the project? (2nd question by Dr. Anglo) There are emission factors (Efs) that are used to compute concentrations of GHGs DENR has a definition of airshed extending 100 km North of (Clark) and 100 km South of (Batangas) Metro Manila 18 Minutes of the Integrated Environmental Strategies (IES) - Philippines Scoping Meeting 13-14 February 2003 Isla Ballroom 1 & 3, Lower Lobby, Tower Wing EDSA Shangri-La Manila, Ortigas Center, Mandaluyong City, MM ______________________________________________________________________________ problem Larger issues such as smog will be covered under criteria pollutants We can get secondary road data from Self Monitoring Reports (SMR) Bus data from DPWH Unregistered bus data from MMDA Tricycle data from associations (TODAS) LTFRB for all franchised jeeps We can look at fuel use to account for the amount cars using gas within a time frame Consult PPI; DTI; PNOC: DOE We will try to use both the ADB and the US - EPA EFs If we know the speeds, NCTS (Karl Vergel) knows the EF used in Tokyo and we can interpolate an EF for us Thus, there is a need to further understand the strategies involved in order to decide on the EF to use; and though accuracy of the ADB method to get EF can be tested by redoing the entire ADB project; we are constrained by time; 1-year project only Aside from the PAGASA data we can look at modeled Met data which the Japanese run (RAMSA) Though this looks at data until 15km Based on the policy we will be coming up with, which is most likely a national one, we can just use the model which looks at a nationwide scope (BO); at least entire MM [is the] scope, though this model does not get into How do we complete the mobile emissions inventory needed for modeling? (3rd question by Dr. Anglo) TEC has data on the major roads only; we need data on secondary roads (which are plied by jeepneys and trikes) What about stationary emissions inventory? Which EFs do we use? ADB has an emission factors (EFs) which according to experts is too high for the country US - EPA has Mobile 6 which is an underestimation of the situation on the other hand Where will we get Met data? PAG-ASA has the barest minimum for modeling Which model type do we use? Gaussian is currently being used Other options such as the BO type (general view) 19 Minutes of the Integrated Environmental Strategies (IES) - Philippines Scoping Meeting 13-14 February 2003 Isla Ballroom 1 & 3, Lower Lobby, Tower Wing EDSA Shangri-La Manila, Ortigas Center, Mandaluyong City, MM ______________________________________________________________________________ the details; it determines output based on sectors, pretty much the reverse of the PNRI practice of source apportionment; besides we can take a look at secondary pollutants using this model We will continue to use the existing Gaussian model Will have to rely on other sources mentioned earlier Will have to be finally adjusted to meet data needs of the other groups involved with the project Consider other factors that affect data We might not get NEW EMB VAN data to meet the December [deadline] Other sectors of the project concerned such as health Open Forum The following questions/issues were raised in the open forum: 1. There are a number of projects that the ADB and other countries have [which are] similar. The Japanese are actually looking at GHG in transport and there will be a meeting on March 28-29, 2003. There is a pilot project in Bangkok, Thailand, a 2M US$ project to characterize GHGs and their impacts. We may need to explore the Clean Development Mechanism or the CDM. There is an EMB project, also the Clean Air Initiatives in Asian Cities in the ADB. We need to realize that EFs of ADB may not be realistic. We need to identify the problem consistently. [The] CEFTA project started in Asia (studying emission factors for transport using new technology), we may need close integration with such efforts; groups involved include Terry in Delhi and the WB in Bangkok; we could pilot in Manila. [In] April or May (?) there will be a study on the Impact of Reducing levels of Sulfur and GHG on PM; Manila is one study site. There is a JICA study for the MMDA on transportation and tricycles; there is a comprehensive database on tricycles, their points of connection; PCA also has a study. 2. Regarding the airshed, there is US military data, especially [from] Clark when the military was there. Regarding inventories and oil, consider substantive smuggled oil; consider the oil that is used as a substitute for bunker fuel 3. On Efs, there are mobile sources [for which] there are methodologies of estimation (US – EPA, EU) There are methodologies available for modeling (Mobile 6; US-based); it is a job to modify. There is a drive-cycle/ testing cycle used by US – AEP, USAID, US - EPA (mostly Jim Wence of University of California). There is a public domain model; simple adaptation [involved]; we can share information. But most importantly, you must come up with fast framework for policymakers who need information as soon as possible. Using the Box and the Gaussian models is a great idea; they are straightforward and not as complex; though it takes time (days) to run it. In Shanghai they use ISC3 model as an exercise; there is the input-output receptor operators and the AQ transfer matrix; relatively fast framework; [considers changes in emissions and [their] concentrations, a linear source and concentration matrix. This became a simple S-R output and it became easier to arrive at concentrations with GIS systems (both emission and concentration). 20 Minutes of the Integrated Environmental Strategies (IES) - Philippines Scoping Meeting 13-14 February 2003 Isla Ballroom 1 & 3, Lower Lobby, Tower Wing EDSA Shangri-La Manila, Ortigas Center, Mandaluyong City, MM ______________________________________________________________________________ 4. ISC3 has 680 sources of traffic data. With our limited data and scope (MM only), it will take only a couple of or 2 hours to run the model Used a GRIDS model for his study abroad (ITC Netherlands). Studied trends in SO2 emissions. Calculated GHG emissions. Scenarios and Measures Chair: Mr. Kong Chiu, US - EPA (What energy scenarios and air quality/GHG mitigation measures are good candidates for IES analysis? Who will gather data from where and how will data gaps be addressed?) Presentor: Liza Andres, DOE Advisor Issue Sectors Measures Status Recommendation Transport as the major source Stationary sources such as garbage and incinerators as another possible source Anti-pollution devices Think beyond vehicles Not just about controlling emissions Non-motorized vehicles PUVs on alternative fuels Improve driver behavior/education Incentives for alternative fuel investors Review existing network Consider MM Air Quality Management plans as scenario Divide scenarios to high/ medium/ low or another example is pop/ GDP/ etc… Use current projections of vehicle traffic and stock energy mix for baseline case New policies may not be needed and maybe what is needed is just to make 100% implementation ->as baseline scenarios 2025 Use milestones in 5-term increments Clean Air Act (CAA) does prevention rather than control MMAQD study existing policies Scenarios, Combination of Measures MMDA plans and current policies Current projections of vehicle traffic and stock energy mix Time Frame Open Forum The following questions/issues were raised in the open forum: 1. Which is worse - between buses and horse-drawn carriages? Horses emit (methane). AQ action plan lacks clarity though comprehensive in the CAA and is under CAA-NAQAP, which will be formatted and revised at 6 months intervals as the Clean Air Act is being [implemented]. Hence the action plan of the group might be too ambitious and of a wide scope, thus we should be more realistic. The National Air Quality Action Plan is part of loan agreements between the ADB and the Philippine Government; still have money unpaid; ADB would be happy to see action. It will be good for the IES team to meet with the ADB under the Clean Air Initiative; Groups [who] meet in ADB are multistakeholders, [so accordingly have 21 Minutes of the Integrated Environmental Strategies (IES) - Philippines Scoping Meeting 13-14 February 2003 Isla Ballroom 1 & 3, Lower Lobby, Tower Wing EDSA Shangri-La Manila, Ortigas Center, Mandaluyong City, MM ______________________________________________________________________________ integrated] strategies for MM, of which the IES may be part; we can can combine the Clean Air Initiative and IES, [so] resources need to be pooled. The loan of the department of finance is US$ 200 M from Japan and some amount from the US. Therefore there is a need to discuss the IES with the ADB, in order to form a multi-group for the IES re: the Clean Air Management and other funds issues 2. Add the condition of roads in the measures. Include DPWH [as it] has role. Include the traffic management schemes as a measure 3. There are so many number of scenarios. Do we have the capacity to actualize or implement these? 4. We must be mindful of risks, constraints and uncertainties in trend analysis; also on qualitative interpretation of quantities. 5. Good to compare different measures for policymakers: How GHGs are reduced, benefits of decreasing PM2.5, social and economic benefits? Is there any discussion on conducting analysis to isolate impacts? [What are] effects and costs of measures? There is a need to] work with each other; find ways to collaborate to maximize limited resources and expand. Next year the meeting/ workshop should be full of policymakers and stakeholders of the Clean Air Initiative to get the message out. Data and analysis are important 6. Methodologies] will be discussed in the future. We need to focus on more doable measures. Analysis is constrained by lack of data. Extensive cost-benefit analysis required. Availability of resources and collaboration are important. Next steps Plenary and Open Forum: Moving from Analysis to Implementation Chair: Mr. Collin Green, NREL (How can IES contribute to existing planning and policymaking processes? What other efforts should IES collaborate with? Which additional groups that are not yet engaged should be engaged? How can IES keep stakeholders updated on the project’s progress?) The following issues/questions were raised: 1. Transport workers have to be involved along with business groups. We should link with the actual practitioners of technology like those in Cebu and Cagayan de Oro. There can be bi-monthly steering committee meetings for progress reporting. In medium to long-term planning, we need to consult players: Developers, MMDA and mayors should be engaged halfway through the project and not just when the project is ending 2. We need to set targets – such as volume of air pollutants/ vehicle emissions? We need to educate drivers, so they own the problem. We need to have central monitoring system for pollutants. Jeepney drivers association may be involved. Joe Con has started with Barangay Forbes, a project with diesel jeeps that have reduced emissions. 3. Please clarify the scope of IES: national, metro planning, local levels? 22 Minutes of the Integrated Environmental Strategies (IES) - Philippines Scoping Meeting 13-14 February 2003 Isla Ballroom 1 & 3, Lower Lobby, Tower Wing EDSA Shangri-La Manila, Ortigas Center, Mandaluyong City, MM ______________________________________________________________________________ 4. The Original idea is to tackle MM but hope to leave tools [that are] adequate to apply to other situations, e.g. the case of Beijing and Shanghai in China and Santiago for Chile. MO and other organizations should be involved. Improve different components. It’s up to in-country agencies 5. Integration of strategies is needed. Collaboration with others. There are a number of substantial efforts already in place. Partnership for Clean Air has 100++ barangays [plus] focused groups. Communication gap exists. SwissContact is already doing work. We need to bring efforts together for better implementation. Sustainable efforts require reliable data and measures. 6. Need transport contacts and links with others. Try contacting the PCA. Contact the WB. GTZ has a sustainable transport pilot project within the PCA. There is a a danger of slowing down by working with too many groups. Planning in MM not always scientific. 7. Organizational structure needs some amount of independence. In selling ideas, it may be best to go through channels, e.g. the Philippine Council for Sustainable Development (PCSD), the joint oversight committee for the CAA, or the WB (environmental monitoring to cost of air pollution). Let us stop producing separate strategies. There is the Better AQ Strategy 2003 meeting/conference in Korea; IES – Philippines will definitely be invited to attend; this could be a target for the project 8. There are benefits and potential pitfalls. Collaboration is needed] within projects through the Clean Air Initiative and IES and [beyond] MM. Share experiences with other countries to help the case of MM. 9. Involve NEDA and the EMB-DENR, they are important players. SESSION VII: SYNTHESIS Mr. Kong Chiu, US – EPA As synthesis of the issues raised, Mr. Chiu listed the following points: • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • [Need to] involve transport groups; get transport studies [Need] bi-monthly meetings [with stakeholders] Planning and development groups [must be] involved [Need to set] targets Monitoring system [important] [Define the] scope of IES Involve NEDA, EMB Integration and collaboration [necessary] [Learn from] IES lessons Measurements [required] for focus GTZ tie-up [must be explored] ADB contacts [are strongly recommended] [Sound] scientific foundation or framework [important] [There must be] independence of organizational structure [Importance of the] Oversight Committee for the Clean Air Act WB involvement [should be explored] Stop redundant or separate strategies Better AQ 2003 Conference, Seoul, Korea [to look forward to] Rest of Asia to collaborate with Other sectors [should be] invited 23 Minutes of the Integrated Environmental Strategies (IES) - Philippines Scoping Meeting 13-14 February 2003 Isla Ballroom 1 & 3, Lower Lobby, Tower Wing EDSA Shangri-La Manila, Ortigas Center, Mandaluyong City, MM ______________________________________________________________________________ Fr. Daniel J. McNamara, SJ, PhD, MO Summary of Key Points Raised at Scoping Meeting, Brief Discussion of Next Steps (development of work plan, schedule, and future communication with stakeholders) and Closing Remarks, Fr. McNamara stressed that the IES method is scientific and logical; and has been tested in mainland China; and can be a linking of the entire global efforts. Likewise, it is not just national [in scope] with a particular sector; but involves tools for other things and cities. [There is the] mainland Asia connection – perhaps an “IES Asia” is in the offing. We share the same air during our monsoons! Integration means looking at the whole globe, one environment; it is a scientific look at the entire picture to come up with a policy that benefits the most number of people. Cagayan is willing to cooperate (DOAS?) . The challenge is for us to decide the best policy for the benefit of all. Let us look at economic consequences. We must discuss and if needed, change parameters Policies must be for the greater good. Ms. Mary Anne M. Velas IES – Philippines Project Coordinator, MO Ms. Velas expressed gratitude to meeting organizers, sponsors, resources persons and participants and announced that the directory of participants are available at the Secretariat. Fr. Daniel J. McNamara, SJ, PhD, and Atty. Cecile Dalupan, USAID Manila Fr. McNamara and Atty. Dalupan handed out the Certificates of Attendance to the participants. 24