Assessing the Health Impacts of Integrated AQ GHG Transportation Measures in Hyderabad and Manila

Assessing the Health Impacts of Integrated AQ/GHG Transportation Measures in Hyderabad and Manila Kevin Rosseel, U.S. EPA December 2003 Assessing the Health Impacts of Integrated AQ/GHG Transportation Measures in Hyderabad and Manila Kevin Rosseel U.S. Environmental Protection Agency IES Integrated Environmental Strategies Program Integrated Environmental Strategies (IES) Program • Started in 1998, based on analysis of U.S. Clean Air Act and 1997 Lancet journal article. • Partners local teams in developing countries with technical experts and tools from U.S. EPA, other IES countries, and elsewhere. • IES has become one of the world’s leading cobenefits analysis programs. IES Integrated Environmental Strategies Program 2 What are integrated measures? • Low-sulfur coal • Smokestack controls • Catalytic converters • Inspection and maintenance • Diesel particle traps • Evaporative controls Joint • Clean fuels/renewables • Energy efficiency programs • Carbon and energy taxes • Public transport and land use • Retirement of older vehicles • Efficiency standards for new vehicles/appliances • Carbon sequestration • Forest management • Control of other GHGs (CH4, N2O, CFCs, SF6) • Geoengineering Global Urban Jason West et al (2002) Joint 3 IES Integrated Environmental Strategies Program IES goals • Identify cost-effective strategies that improve local air quality while meeting public health, economic development and GHG mitigation objectives. • Provide stakeholders with quantitative estimates of local and global co-benefits of policies and technologies. • Engage stakeholders to lay groundwork for implementation of cost-effective air quality management strategies. • Build analytical, institutional, and human capacity for multidisciplinary analysis of health, environmental, and GHG mitigation impacts of alternative strategies. • Transfer tools and methodologies for co-benefits analysis. IES Integrated Environmental Strategies Program 4 Partners • Countries with IES programs: – Asia: China, India, South Korea, Philippines – Latin America: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico • Collaborators – – – – US Agency for International Development (U.S. AID) Host-country local and national governments Research institutions and civil society U.S. National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) IES Integrated Environmental Strategies Program 5 IES approach Integrated Integrated measures measures • >> • Prepare baseline emissions inventory to better understand sources of AQ and GHG emissions. Develop alternative, integrated scenarios based on local objectives. Estimate concentrations of air pollution and exposure through modeling. Estimate air pollution public-health benefits. Compare costs and benefits of alternative mitigation options and business-as-usual scenarios. Present results and seek feedback from policymakers/ stakeholders. Integrate results and approach into planning processes. Implement measures to capture benefits. 6 • Co-benefits Co-benefits analysis analysis >> • • • Implementation Implementation >> • • IES Integrated Environmental Strategies Program Key questions for policymakers • What are the health impacts of changes in policies that impact air quality? What is the economic value of these health impacts? • What are the GHG emissions reductions associated with these measures? • How can an integrated approach benefit decision-making on how to spend limited funds? • How can co-benefits be quantified to be meaningful? • How can integrated analysis tools and approaches benefit existing decision-making processes? IES Integrated Environmental Strategies Program 7 Unique features of IES-India • Includes indoor air quality in addition to ambient AQ for emissions, measures, and health impacts • Incorporates strong outreach/education component with target audiences of general public, private sector, and policymakers in Hyderabad to build support for implementation of promising measures. • Includes a detailed transportation demandforecasting effort and stated-preference survey carried out by IES partners. IES Integrated Environmental Strategies Program 8 IES-India focus • What is different about the transportation focus of IES-India? – In the past, the question was: What is the potential of different transportation technologies or programs (such as catalytic converters or cleaner fuels) to reduce air pollution and GHGs? – This time, the question is: What is the potential for better transportation planning to reduce air pollution and GHGs while meeting mobility needs? IES Integrated Environmental Strategies Program 9 India: Transportation scenarios • Quantify bus patronage under different scenarios – Charge different fares, remove per passenger tax on buses, shift cost burden of concession fares to state and/or increase state subsidy, change traffic management patterns to favor buses • Evaluate traffic flow schemes – Analyze impact of practices such as segregation of vehicles, signal synchronization, parking management, bus stop management, remove bottlenecks • Evaluate effects of O&M training IES Integrated Environmental Strategies Program 10 IES-India preliminary results • Developing exclusive busways in Hyderabad, depending on the corridor, would yield great benefits: – Reduce PM10 emissions by 30 to 35% in 2011 in Hyderabad, and by 40 to 55% in 2021. – Reduce CO2 emissions by about 10% in 2011, and by 20 to 27% in 2021. • These estimates assume no change in technology; technological change would results in even more significant results. IES Integrated Environmental Strategies Program 11 Unique features of IES-Philippines • Close link to policy process to support implementation of near-term, viable options • Focus on transportation in Manila, given magnitude of current and future growth of mobile emissions • Engagement of key government agencies, e.g., Department of Energy, Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Department of Public Health, and Department of Transportation IES Integrated Environmental Strategies Program 12 Philippines: Transportation scenarios • Increased use of alternative fuels – CNG, CME (a coconut-derived biodiesel), LPG • Vehicle standards: enhanced emissions testing and tighter controls on imports of second-hand engines • Expanded metrorail service, alternatives to jeepneys and tricycles • Changes in land use -- pedestrian zones, bike lanes IES Integrated Environmental Strategies Program 13 Other IES results • Finished initial assessments in Argentina, China, Chile, South Korea, Mexico, and Brazil; potential GHG reductions are significant, as are AQ and health benefits • Project results and the IES approach are being included in some AQ management plans • IES approach adopted for Beijing Olympic planning • Shanghai results influenced 10th five-year plan IES Integrated Environmental Strategies Program 14 IES wrap-up • IES website to be launched January 2004 - features information on methodology, country reports, other publications • IES Handbook – Guidance document for policymakers, technicians – Proposed release date: January 2004 • Regional Latin American workshop, Spring 2004 • For more information: Kevin Rosseel, U.S. EPA, rosseel.kevin@epa.gov or +1 202 343-9731 • Salamat! IES Integrated Environmental Strategies Program 15