The Skeletal system How many bones in the human body? 206 Skeletal system performs 5 specific fx.s 1) provides support for the muscles, fat, and soft tissue. 2) Protects internal organs 3) Provides leverage for lifting and movement through attachment of muscles. 4) Produce blood cells 5) Stores majority of body’s calcium supply Bones classified into 5 groups 1) Long bones a. Length is greater than width i. Femur ii. Humerus iii. Tibia iv. Radius 2) Short bones a. Blocky bones, closely joined i. Carpals ii. Tarsals 3) Flat bones a. 2 relatively parallel plates of compact bones that are separated by layer of spongy bone i. scapula ii. skull
4) Irregular bone a. Complex shape and structure i. Facial bones ii. Vertebrae 5) Sesamoid bone a. Found with various tendon i. Patella ii. Hyoid LONG BONES- 4 BASIC PARTS 1) Diaphysis a. Long shaft 2) Epiphysis a. Ends b. Epiphyseal line i. Growth plate 3) Medullary cavity a. Inside diaphysis b. Yellow bone marrow 4) Endosteum a. Lining of medullary cavity 2 SECTIONS OF SKELETAL SYSTEM 1) axial – main trunk of the body a. skull b. spinal column c. ribs d. sternum 2) appendicular a. extremities b. shoulder girdle c. pelvic girdle
INJURIES TO THE SKELETAL SYSTEM 1) Fractures a. A crack or break in the bone What is the difference btn. Fx. and break? NOTHING b. can be partial or complete 2) signs and symptoms of a fx. a. pain @ site of injury b. deformity c. edema d. ecchymosis e. crepitation f. numbness or tingling g. pale or cold skin (decreased circulation) 3) Be sure to immobilize bone a. Don’t want to make injury worse TYPES OF FRACTURES 1) Compound fx. a. Open fx. b. Protrudes through skin 2) Avulsion a. Common when athlete sprains a joint b. Ligament or tendon pulls bone away 3) Stress a. Repeated stress on bone b. Bone becomes worn down, weak i. Lower leg in runners c. may not show up on x-rays d. bone scan may be needed
4) Greenstick a. Incomplete break b. Partially bent c. Occurs in children and adolescents WHY? i. Softer bone 5) longitudinal a. bone splits or cracks lengthwise b. caused by hard landings c. similar to stress but worse 6) Oblique a. Diagonal break b. End of bone is fixed c. Other end receives blow 7) Spiral a. An S-shaped break b. Common in bballers c. Foot is planted firmly- upper body twists 8) Transverse a. Straight across bone b. Direct blow from side 9) Comminuted a. 3 or more fragments b. crushing mechanism
IMMEDIATE TREATMENT Compound fx. 1) need to control bleeding Any fracture 1) put athlete in most comfortable position 2) splint athlete
What is a splint? A rigid device that holds body parts together and limits motion Types of splints
-SAM splint -cardboard splint -air splint -vacuum splint When splinting be sure to continuously check pulse to ensure proper circulation.