THE GREAT LAKES BINATIONAL TOXICS STRATEGY Stakeholders Forum

THE GREAT LAKES BINATIONAL TOXICS STRATEGY Great Lakes Binational Toxics Strategy Stakeholder Forum GLBTS Path Forward December 12, 2007 Union League Club Chicago, Illinois 1 THE GREAT LAKES BINATIONAL TOXICS STRATEGY PCBs Work Group Co-Chairs: Tony Martig, US EPA Ken De, Environment Canada December 12, 2007, Chicago 2 THE GREAT LAKES BINATIONAL TOXICS STRATEGY PCB Challenge Goals Canada United States 90% reduction of high90% national reduction level PCBs (>10,000 of high-level PCBs ppm) by 2000 (>500 ppm) by 2006 Accelerate destruction of Ensure proper stored high-level PCB management and wastes disposal of PCBs removed from use 3 THE GREAT LAKES BINATIONAL TOXICS STRATEGY Progress Toward the Challenge Goals: Canada In Ontario, as of January 2007, 90.2% of high-level (more than 10,000 ppm) PCBs in storage have been destroyed since 1993 (about 2,307 tonnes remaining) For PCBs in service, target still remains to be met. About 70% of high-level PCBs in service destroyed (about 2771 tonnes remain in use/service) For PCBs in service, it is likely that the 90% reduction target can be met by 2014 (with the assistance of new PCB regulations) 4 THE GREAT LAKES BINATIONAL TOXICS STRATEGY Progress Toward the Challenge Goals: Canada (continued) Less than 400 PCB sites are remaining (including federal and non-federal), down from about 1,575 in 1993 An additional 198 sites are PCB free (both in storage and in service) Two additional organizations – City of Toronto, Real Estate Div., and Dofasco, an integrated steel company in Hamilton, received PCB recognition plaques in the fall meeting at Windsor for achieving the GLBTS goal voluntarily 5 THE GREAT LAKES BINATIONAL TOXICS STRATEGY Progress Toward the Challenge Goals: Canada (continued) Trends in High-Level PCBs in Storage in Ontario in Gross Tonnes Trends in High-Level PCBs In-Storage, Ontario Gross Weight in Tonnes 30000 25000 20000 15000 10000 5000 0 Jan. 93 Apr. 00 Apr. 01 Apr. 02 Apr. 03 Apr. 04 Dec. 04 Dec. 05 Sept. 06 Jan,07 25000 7500 6000 4147 3854 3040 2777 2962 2355 2307 PCB Volume 6 THE GREAT LAKES BINATIONAL TOXICS STRATEGY Trends in Number of PCB Storage Sites in Ontario Trends in No. of PCB Storage Sites, Ontario 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 No. of Storage Sites 1575 1200 902 965 540 450 434 479 420 388 Jan. 93 Apr. 00 Apr. 01 Apr. 02 Apr. 03 Apr. 04 Dec. 04 Dec. 05 Sept. 06 Jan,07 No. of Storage Sites 7 THE GREAT LAKES BINATIONAL TOXICS STRATEGY High-Level PCBs In Service in Ontario In Net Wt Tonnes High-Level PCBs (Askarel) in Service in Ontario, Net Wt. 9000 8000 7000 Net Wt. Askarel (tonnes) 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 2000 2001 2003 2004 2006 8 THE GREAT LAKES BINATIONAL TOXICS STRATEGY Progress Toward the Challenge Goals: U.S. According to the PCB Transformer Registration Database, updated in August 2006, only about 14,700 PCB transformers were registered with U.S. EPA According to annual disposal data, at the end of 2005, an estimated 73,000 PCB transformers and 1,294,000 large PCB capacitors remained in use in the U.S. Estimate obtained by subtracting the annual disposal data from the 1994 estimated baseline Lack sufficient data to determine with accuracy the number of PCB capacitors remaining in service 9 THE GREAT LAKES BINATIONAL TOXICS STRATEGY 2007 Activities: U.S. U.S. Stakeholder PCB Phase-out Efforts Continued and Initiated Most USWAG companies have procedures in place to ensure >50 ppm PCB equipment identified during repair/servicing is disposed and/or retrofilled USWAG member companies in the GL basin also have dedicated efforts to identify/remove PCB-containing equipment from service Mining Outreach Program – US EPA, Region 8 PCB software/spreadsheet tool to determine and compare the costs of phasing out PCB transformers against the costs of continued use developed; currently being evaluated by US EPA Study of PCB emissions from in-service PCB transformers completed – more information may be needed 10 THE GREAT LAKES BINATIONAL TOXICS STRATEGY Summary of Challenge Goal Status: Canada Canada met the challenge goal for high-level PCBs in storage Canada working to meet its challenge goal for inservice PCBs 11 THE GREAT LAKES BINATIONAL TOXICS STRATEGY Path Forward Continue with Tier-I Activities Continue to seek PCB reduction commitments through PCB reduction commitment letters and other PCB phase-out efforts In view of new PCB regulations, “Recognition & Award” program will discontinue Continue to gather and update PCB equipment inventories in the U.S. and Canada Continue outreach/compliance promotion efforts (for new PCB Regulations targeted to be in Canada Gazette II in 2008) PCB Management Assessment recommendations implementation 12 THE GREAT LAKES BINATIONAL TOXICS STRATEGY Dioxins and Furans Work Group Co-Chairs: Anita Wong, Environment Canada Erin Newman, US EPA December 12, 2007, Chicago 14 THE GREAT LAKES BINATIONAL TOXICS STRATEGY Dioxin/Furan Challenges and Progress Canadian Challenge Goal 90% reduction* by 2000 *All media within Great Lakes Basin, base year 1988 U.S. Challenge Goal 75% reduction* by 2006 *Aggregate of air releases nationwide and water releases within the Great Lakes Basin, base year 1987 Progress: 89% reduction in total releases within GL Basin based on 2005 data Progress: Goal has been met 2000 emissions ~1,422 grams 89% reduction from 1987 baseline based on 2000 data 15 M ed ic al 100 150 Dioxin Release (g I-TEQ df/y) 50 0 THE GREAT LAKES BINATIONAL TOXICS STRATEGY Top Ontario 1988/2005 Dioxin/Furan Release Sources 16 W Pu H az as lp ar te & do In Pa ci p us W Ho W Ir n er er M o od use ast on at io un P ho e & n ic re ld Inc St N ipa se W in ee on l S rv a e l -F o ati ste rati er lid o n B on ro W -u ur Fe us S a st se nin de m e I of g ra e lt n c PC Se l W er in P w a g Pr as s+A era ti e im t Po Sl ary e In lum on w udg M cin inu er e G e La ta l era m ti en n s er d (M on R On a Ap in es - tio i id roa n plic n g) en d (f a tia d oss tion l W ies il oo el v fue d e l) C em Co hic en m le s t P bus ro tio du n ct io n 2005 1988 THE GREAT LAKES BINATIONAL TOXICS STRATEGY Ontario 2006 Dioxin/Furan Release Sources 2006 D/F Major Sectors in Ontario Other 21% Backyard Burning of Waste 27% Power Generation 4% On-road diesel vehicles 7% Sewage Sludge Land Application 9% Iron & Steel 8% Non-Ferrous Smelters 14% Federal Waste Incineration 10% 17 M un ic ip al g TEQ WHO /yr DF 98 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 500 0 THE GREAT LAKES BINATIONAL TOXICS STRATEGY Top U.S. Inventoried Dioxin Emissions for 1987, 1995, & 2000 (in grams of TEQDF-WHO98) 3,500 8,905 [ 1987 18 So lid M ed Wa st i e Se cal W Co co nd ast mb us e ar I B tio ac y C nci n ne ky op B le ra pe ac a rd tio M r he B un n ur Sm d ic Pu nin elt ip in lp al Ce g g W me an of as W nt d te Pa as w Kil pe te ns at er (H r M Tr ill C ea aza s oa rd m lF en ou i t S s) D ie red lu se U dg til l( e ity O n In an Bo du ile d O S R stri ff rs es a l int R id e oa en Wo rin d) od g tia l W C Pla om n Vi ny oo b ts lC d C ust hl om io or bu n id e st Pr io n od uc tio n 2000 1995 THE GREAT LAKES BINATIONAL TOXICS STRATEGY 2000 Top U.S. Dioxin/Furan Releases Municipal Wastewater Sludge 6% Coal Fired Utility Boilers 5% Industrial Wood Combustion 3% Diesel (On and Off Road) 7% Medical Waste Incineration 27% Municipal Solid Waste Combustion 6% Other 9% Backyard Burning of Waste 35% Residential Wood Combustion 1% Cement Kilns (Hazardous) 1% 19 THE GREAT LAKES BINATIONAL TOXICS STRATEGY Prioritizing Sources Criteria for Inventoried Sources of Interest: Reliable emission estimates Likely to be significant in the Basin Releases account for more than 2% of the total dioxin inventory U.S. – Use 2000 inventory Canada – Use 2005 inventory Will consider non-inventoried sources of interest 20 THE GREAT LAKES BINATIONAL TOXICS STRATEGY Dioxin/Furan Workgroup Decision Tree for Prioritizing Sources Is there a reliable emission estimate for this source category? NO YES Is this is a significant source category to the Basin? NO YES Identify other existing initiatives that may affect a voluntary reduction project. Identify potential voluntary reduction projects. Based on existing information, is it likely this source category is significant to the Basin? Conduct emission estimate work, revise the inventory. YES NO Are there regulations or programs (existing or planned) for this category? YES Are there opportunities for further reductions/eliminations ? NO NO Evaluate the effects of potential or existing initiatives on voluntary reduction projects. YES Rank voluntary reduction projects by reduction potential, difficulty, and importance to others. UNDETERMINED YES Will anyone determine the emission estimate for this category? NO Low Priority Low Priority Medium Priority High Priority 21 THE GREAT LAKES BINATIONAL TOXICS STRATEGY Burn Barrel Subgroup Ongoing Federal, State/Provincial and Tribal/First Nations activities in both countries Learn Not to Burn 22 THE GREAT LAKES BINATIONAL TOXICS STRATEGY 23 THE GREAT LAKES BINATIONAL TOXICS STRATEGY Agriculture Sector Due to close proximity to food sources, workgroup is examining agricultural burning activities more closely Agriculture issues related to dioxins/furans and other air toxics: Burning garbage, plastics Animal carcass crematories Outdoor boilers Energy facilities to heat greenhouses Feed and feed trough material Workgroup discussing formation of subgroup Develop scope / Terms of Reference List of potential members and lead 24 THE GREAT LAKES BINATIONAL TOXICS STRATEGY Options for Dioxin Workgroup Reviewing 4 options: Maintain active status Maintain active status but reduced effort Inactive status but maintain subgroups Combine with another workgroup Structural issues need to be reviewed E.g., subgroups 25 THE GREAT LAKES BINATIONAL TOXICS STRATEGY Mercury Work Group Co-Chairs: Alexis Cain, US EPA Robert Krauel, Environment Canada December 12, 2007, Chicago 27 THE GREAT LAKES BINATIONAL TOXICS STRATEGY Canada’s Mercury Reduction Challenge and Progress Challenge: “Achieve by 2000, a 90% reduction in the release of mercury, or where warranted the use of mercury, in the Great Lakes Basin” Baseline: 1988 Progress: Reduction >90% (as of 2006) 28 THE GREAT LAKES BINATIONAL TOXICS STRATEGY Ontario Mercury Releases 16000 Mercury releases (kg) 12000 Fuel combustion Industrial 8000 Municipal Paint and fungicides Challenge goal 4000 0 1988 2000 2006 29 Goal THE GREAT LAKES BINATIONAL TOXICS STRATEGY U.S. Mercury Reduction Challenge and Progress Challenge: “Achieve by 2006 a 50% reduction in use and air emissions of mercury nationwide” Baselines: Emissions: 1990 Use: 1995 Progress (best guess): Emissions: > 50% reduction (as of 2002) Use: > 50% reduction 30 THE GREAT LAKES BINATIONAL TOXICS STRATEGY U.S. Mercury Emissions: 2006 Challenge, 1990 Baseline 300 Challenge 250 200 tons 150 100 50 0 1990 2002 2006 Challenge 31 Other Gold Mining Chlor-alkali Industrial Boilers Municipal Incin. Medical Incin. Utility Boilers THE GREAT LAKES BINATIONAL TOXICS STRATEGY U.S. Mercury Use 500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 1995 1997 2003 est 2006 Challenge Challenge Other Lighting Dental Measurement & Control Electrical Chlor-alkali tons Source: US Geological Survey, Minerals Yearbook, 1996, 1997. Chlorine Institute Annual Report to EPA, 2004; National Electrical Manufacturer’s Association, direct communication, 2004. 32 THE GREAT LAKES BINATIONAL TOXICS STRATEGY Accomplishments Draft Great Lakes Mercury in Products Phase-down Strategy under the Great Lakes Regional Collaboration—public comments received Environment Canada’s proposed Risk Management Strategy for Mercury-containing products 33 THE GREAT LAKES BINATIONAL TOXICS STRATEGY Accomplishments Chlorine Institute: 9th Annual Report (for 2006 Mercury Use)—greater than 90% reduction since 1990 National Vehicle Mercury Switch Recovery Program—now operating in all 50 states “Switch the Stat” program launched for collection of thermostats in Ontario Recycling Council of Ontario expands Fluorescent Lamp Stewardship Program 34 THE GREAT LAKES BINATIONAL TOXICS STRATEGY Next Steps Implementation of Phase-down Strategy and Risk Management Strategy for mercury containing products Development of a new Mercury Emissions Reduction Strategy under the Great Lakes Regional Collaboration Continue information sharing about cost-effective reduction opportunities Tracking of Environmental Progress 35 THE GREAT LAKES BINATIONAL TOXICS STRATEGY Benzo(a)Pyrene and Hexachlorobenzene Work Group Co-Chairs: Steve Rosenthal, US EPA Tom Tseng, Environment Canada December 12, 2007 37 THE GREAT LAKES BINATIONAL TOXICS STRATEGY B(a)P and HCB Challenge Goals Canada Seek a 90% reduction in releases By 2000 United States Seek reductions in releases that are within, or have the potential to enter, the Great Lakes Basin By 2006 38 THE GREAT LAKES BINATIONAL TOXICS STRATEGY Progress Toward the Challenge Goals Both Canada and the U.S. have achieved reductions The U.S. has met its commitment B(a)P emissions in Great Lakes states reduced by ~77% from 1996 to 2001 HCB emissions reduced from 1990 to 1999, and further by 2002 (28% reduction from 1999-2002) Canada continues to pursue its goal, but it is unlikely that 90% reduction goal will be met in the near future B(a)P releases reduced by ~52%, relative to 1988 HCB releases reduced by ~74%, relative to 1988 39 THE GREAT LAKES BINATIONAL TOXICS STRATEGY Recent B(a)P Activities: U.S. Residential Wood Combustion Artificial Wax Firelog Testing completed Wood Stove Change-out Program completed in Dayton, Ohio in August 2006 EPA has initiated its Outdoor Wood-fired Hydronic Heater Program Conducted 4 Tribal workshops in Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan with Canadian First Nations Burn-it-Smart trainers Scrap Tires GIS mapping and tire pile inventories prepared for GLs States Scrap Tire Cleanup Guidebook completed January 2006 and online training has been developed 40 THE GREAT LAKES BINATIONAL TOXICS STRATEGY Recent B(a)P Activities: U.S. (continued) Scrap Tires (continued) Best Practices training held in Philadelphia for Pennsylvania, Maryland, New Jersey, Delaware and in Alabama and South Dakota “Scrap Tire Markets in the United States” completed by RMA in November 2006 Coke Ovens Pushing, Quenching, and Combustion Stack MACT went into effect in April 2006 Residual risk requirements for doors, lids, offtakes and charging went into effect in July 2005 USEPA has been working with Environment Canada and Ontario MOE on an emission reduction and monitoring program at Algoma Steel in Ontario Midwest Clean Diesel Initiative 41 THE GREAT LAKES BINATIONAL TOXICS STRATEGY Recent HCB Activities: U.S. Burn Barrel reduction work ongoing through Burn Barrel Subgroup Ongoing effort to confirm lower levels of HCB in pesticide products Substantial emission reductions from several major chemical companies Phase one of HCB Inventory has been completed 42 THE GREAT LAKES BINATIONAL TOXICS STRATEGY Outlook: U.S. U.S. meeting its commitments for B(a)P and HCB Planned HCB Activities Special HCB Inventory Study partially funded Continue soliciting voluntary chemical company reductions 43 THE GREAT LAKES BINATIONAL TOXICS STRATEGY Outlook: U.S. (Continued) Planned B(a)P Activities A Wood Stove Change-out funded for Michigan Additional Tribal Burn-It-Smart Workshops will be put on Reduction activities planned for wood-fired boilers Scrap tire piles will continue to be inventoried Initiate emission reduction strategies from coal tar based parking lot sealcoats Additional coke oven emission reduction requirements will be implemented 44 THE GREAT LAKES BINATIONAL TOXICS STRATEGY Recent Activities: Canada B(a)P: Residential Wood Combustion Creosote-Treated Wood Source apportionment study HCB: HCB Modeling Project 45 THE GREAT LAKES BINATIONAL TOXICS STRATEGY Outlook: Canada HCB releases are very low (13.1 kg (~29 lbs)) Pesticides (#1 source): Promote further reductions Burn Barrels (#2 source): Update residential waste generation data Ferric/Ferrous Chloride (#3 source): Update information on sewage sludge Will not meet B(a)P goal Iron & Steel (#1 source): Number under review by NPRI Creosote Railway Ties (#2 source): Ontario Creosote Survey being conducted Wood Stoves (#3 source): Workshops with municipalities; EPAcertified stoves testing; update wood usage data 46 THE GREAT LAKES BINATIONAL TOXICS STRATEGY 47