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Location Europe (European Union) Netherlands (ICT-Milieu) Netherlands (NVMP)
Program type Extended Producer Responsibility Extended Producer Responsibility Advanced Recovery Fee
The Waste Electric and Electronic Equipment
Legislation Disposal of White and Brown Goods Decree Disposal of White and Brown Goods Decree
(WEEE) Directive
Status/ Effective
Passed, 12/18/02 Enacted, 1/1/99 Enacted, 1/1/99
date
Ministry for Housing, Regional Development and the
Environment; Netherlands Association for Disposal
Administrative ICT-Milieu - industry organization established by
European Union of "Metalectro" Products (NVMP) - executive
entity(ies) electronics manufacturers and importers
organization formed by electronics manufacturers &
importers
IT & telecommunication equipments and all
Computers, notebooks, modems, disk drives,
equipments (under Annex IA) that transfer, measure, Television, DVDs, and other brown goods. Also
Covered Products printers, scanners, copiers, fax machines, and
or are dependent on current/electromagnetic fields, white goods
other grey goods
using voltage rating < 1000V AC and 1500V DC
Directive requires EU members to keep a register of Dutch manufacturers & importers form ICT-Milieu Dutch manufacturers & importers appoint the NVMP
producers, quantities & categories of WEEE to implement collection program. Based on to implement program for collection and disposal.
What does
marketed and collected. Member states must market shares & brands, ICT send invoices to The program uses "disposal levy", charged to
program do?
minimize WEE in municipal waste and establish each manufacturers for costs of collection and consumers at point of purchase, to pay for the
monitoring, compliance & inspection systems. processing. disposal structure.
Finance collection from collection facilities and the
Submit notification of program intent &
treatment, recovery & environmentally sound
description to the Minister. Register in national Submit notification of program intent and description
disposal for own product. Develop reuse & treatment
Manufacturer database and report types & number of products to the Minister. Make bi-monthly reports on the
procedures for all new products within one year of
Responsibility sold. Pay for collection and processing based on numbers of covered products sold and the
introduction. Plan to prevent cost of orphan waste
brands collected (before 2003) and market transaction of disposal levy for products
from falling on society before putting new product on
shares sales data (beginning 2003)
market
Fees charged Possible ARF (not visible). No fees charged to Fees equivalent to $7.50 USD per television. Others
costs or fee households at municipalities, no fees for one-to-one, Possible ARF (not visible). devices may be free or at fixed cost. No fees if it's
levels? old-for-new take back at retailers/distributors one-to-one, old-for-new take back at retailers
Consumers pay visible ARF, in the form of "disposal
Who pays fee? Consumers may have to pay invisible ARF Consumers may have to pay invisible ARF
levy"
Invisible ARF may be passed through retailers to Retailers (compensated w/ 10% of fees) collect and
Who collect fees? Unspecified, determined by member states
manufacturers deposit into ARF fund
Fees paid & what Fees, if applied, may pay for transport and Fees pay for collection, transport, processing, and
Unspecified, determined by member states
fees covered? processing promotions
Collection done by retailers, distribution centers & Collection done by 600 retailers, 50 distribution
Collection Member states plan own collection systems. some regional municipal centers, then handed centers, & regional municipal centers, then given to
infrastructure? Collection may be done by municipalities or retailers over to ICT to be stored at regional storage NVMP-transport services to send to regional storage
stations (ROS) stations (ROS) and recyclers
Seal or labeling WEEE produced after 8/13/05 must be labeled with
None None
required? standard mark (crossed-out wheelie bin)
Target recovery rate must be at least 80% by
Rates, dates, average weight per appliance; recycling & reuse of Recycle 69% of televisions, 73% of large white
Processing statistics must be reported to the
accountability component, material, and substance must be at goods, 75% cooling/freezing units, and 53% of other
Ministry of Environment
mechanisms least 77% by average weight per appliance by appliances by the year 2000
12/31/06.
Exporters provide proof of compliance with EU Export in compliance with OECD guidelines and Export in compliance with OECD guidelines and EU
Export?
Council Regulations EU regulations regulations
Exceed 2000 targeted recycling rates w/ 78% for
By June 2003, Austria, Belgium, Netherlands, Recovery of 5.9 million lbs in 1999, increase (by
Reportable televisions, 74% large white goods, 86%
Norway, Sweden, and Switzerland have established 150%) to 14.7 in 2000, 18.7 in 2001, 22 in 2002,
results? cooling/freezing units, 64% others. Collected a total
recycling programs based on WEEE Directive and expecting 26 million lbs in 2003
of 125 million lbs at 7.9 lbs/person.
Location Japan (SHAR Law) Japan (Recycling Promotion Law) United States (Mail-back Program)
Program type End-of-life Fee Hybrid (End-of-life and EPR) End-of-life Fee
Revised Law for Promotion and Effective Utilization
Legislation Specified Home Appliance Recycling Law No legislation
of Resources
Status/ Effective Revised to include PCs in businesses and
Enacted, 6/1/98. Fully enforced, 4/1/01 Program introduced in 4/01
date households, 10/1/03
Various Ministers, depending on the types of
Administrative Ministry of Health and Welfare, Minister of Type I products; the Japanese Electronics and Information
Hewlett-Packard
entity(ies) products Technology Association (JEITA) - industrial trade
association representing major manufacturers
Computers, monitors, printers, scanners, fax
Televisions (CRTs only). Also refrigerators, Computers (may include small peripherals), copy
Covered Products machines, desktop servers, and other computer
washing machines, and air conditioners machines
peripherals
Manufacturers are required to establish their own
Law requires manufacturers to take back & recycle
collection and recycling systems for computers. HP establish its own take-back program for
appliances. Manufacturer may charge fees to pay
What does Systems are financed by end-of-life fees (for consumers and businesses. End-users can select
for transport and recycling; retailers &
program do? computers sold before 10/1/03) and fees and pay for recycling service via automated order
municipalities are responsible for collecting
incorporated into price tags (computers sold after or custom quote (over 10 items) online.
appliances and fees from consumers.
10/1/03).
Design products for more recyclable materials and
ease of disassembly & recycling. Take back Design products for more recyclable materials and
Provide recycling services to consumers and
Manufacturer appliances that were manufactured or imported. ease of disassembly & recycling. Take back
businesses. Implement own DfE guidelines &
Responsibility Provide recycling in compliance with govt' electronics and provide recycling in compliance with
Environmental, Health, and Safety policy
standards. Set & publish recycling fee for each govt' standards
appliance
Fees charged Fees equivalent to $25-35 USD per television, Fees equivalent to $27-37 USD per PC purchased
Fees levels depend on types and conditions.
costs or fee depending on the manufacturer. Other appliances before 10/1/03. Fees incorporated into price tags of
Automated order service ranges $13-34 per item
levels? range from $20 to $55. PCs after 10/1/03
End-users pays end-of-life fees for PCs purchased
Who pays fee? End-users pay end-of-life fees before 10/1/03. Consumers pay ARF fees Consumer pay end-of-life fee online, by credit card
incorporated into price tags after 10/1/03
Japan Post & municipalities (product sold before
Retailers/municipalities collect fees to pay for
Who collect fees? 10/1/03). Invisible ARF pass through retailers to Manufacturer (Hewlett-Packard)
collection and remit the rest to manufacturers
manufacturers after 10/1/03
Fees paid & what Fees pay for costs of collection, transport, and
Fees pay for collection and recycling Fees pay for transport and processing
fees covered? recycling
Consumers deliver to retailers and municipalities, Manufacturer (HP) arranges and schedules pick-
Consumers may arrange for home pick-ups or drop
Collection who collect and transfer appliances to ups by UPS for example, or by other means based
off at Japan Post. There are 20,000 post offices that
infrastructure? manufacturers for recycling at 4 established on custom quotes. End-users are responsible for
collect PCs and send them to recycling facilities
facilities packaging for shipment.
Seal or labeling Computers sold after 10/1/03 must bear PC
None None
required? Recycling Marks
Rates, dates, Recycling rate for television must be at least 55% Products will be 99.9% free of hazardous
accountability by weight. Recycling rate for all appliances must be None stated substances under EU RoHS (Restriction of
mechanisms 50-60% by weight Hazardous Substance) by July 2006
Export? Export in compliance with OECD guidelines Export in compliance with OECD guidelines No export of waste, due to HP policies
Recycling rate of 87% in 2003 for data-collection and
Reportable Exceed target recycling rate for television by 75%
telecommunication equipments. Collected 9,280 Results not released
results? in 2002
tons of computers, PCs, and printers
Location United States (Trade-in Program) United States (Shared Responsibility) United States
Program type End-of-life Fee, Rebate Manufacturer Subsidized End-of-life Fee Retailer-Producer Responsibility
Legislation No legislation No legislation No legislation
Status/ Effective
Program launched in 2003 Program launched in 8/02 Active 7/18/04 to 9/6/04
date
NxtCycle, subsidized by participating manufacturers
Administrative Market Velocity Inc. (MVI) - trade-in & recycling
JVC, Panasonic, Sharp, Sony Electronics, Lexmark Office Depot Inc.; Hewlett-Packard
entity(ies) company sponsored by Gateway
(printers)
Desktops, notebooks, keyboards, mice, printers,
Monitors, desktops, notebooks, printers, and Monitors, televisions, printers, and other many other scanners, fax machines, copiers, flat panel
Covered Products
servers types of electronics displays, monitors, TVs (27" or smaller), TV/VCR
combos & cell phones
Manufacturer (Gateway) hires a third party (MVI) to Recycler (NxtCycle) establishes Shared Retailer (Office Depot) organize a two-month
provide trade-in & recycling service. Consumers Responsibility Program where end-users pay fees for collection event for free electronics drop-offs at
What does
can pay for recycling electronics online; to receive a electronics drop-offs & receive credits for turning in store locations. Electronics are collected &
program do?
rebate, they must purchase Gateway product and brands of participating manufacturers. NxtCycle bills transported via Office Depot's reverse logistic
mail in proof of purchase to MVI within 30 days. each manufacturer their share of the credits. infrastructure and sent to HP facilities for recycling.
May choose to sponsor a third-party to handle trade-
Subsidize the processing costs of own branded
in and recycling (manufacturer is not involved in Responsible for transport from distribution
Manufacturer products collected and recycled (by NxtCycle) by
transaction nor responsible for any disputes, facilities to recycling facilities and
Responsibility paying bills at the rates of $4.50 per TV/monitor,
claims, demands, and/or damages resulted from processing/recycling electronics
$0.05 per lb for printers
trade-in services)
Fees charged Fees depend on the type and condition of
Fees levels determined by collection sites'
costs or fee electronics; packaging costs are $50 for printers No fees (limit to one unit per day per person)
organizers/sponsors
levels? and $35 for others.
Consumers pay end-of-life fees online, by credit
End-users pay end-of-life fees & receive credits for
Who pays fee? card, and receive rebate when purchase new Dell No one
dropping-off participating brands
products
Organizers/sponsors of collection sites
Who collect fees? Trade-in/recycling company (MVI) No one
(municipalities, WM facilities, etc.)
Fees paid & what
Fees pay for packaging, recycling, and remarketing Fees pay for cost of collection and transportation No fees
fees covered?
End-users drop-off electronics at various designated End-users drop-off electronics at over 800 retail
Trade-in company sends boxes & shipping labels
Collection collection sites (retailers, municipalities, WM locations (Office Depot). Electronics transported to
so end-users can package & ship off electronics via
infrastructure? facilities, permanent drop-offs, etc.) for transport to distribution facilities and then to manufacturer
FedEx, UPS, or other transport-logistics services
NxtCycle (HP) for recycling
Seal or labeling Electronics subsidized by manufacturers must be
None None
required? labeled with brand names
Rates, dates,
accountability None stated None stated None stated
mechanisms
No export of waste, in compliance with EPA
Export? No overseas export, due to cost effective measures No export of waste, as specified by HP policies
guidelines
Collected 76,731 CPUs, 113,375 monitors, 51,665
Reportable In 2002, collected 38,500 CRTs (devices) from 16
Results not released printers & scanners, and 24,789 TVs. Total
results? special events and 19 permanent drop-off sites
amount of electronics collected is 5,275 tons.
Location California Maine King County, Washington
Extended Producer Responsibility (Cost-
Program type Advanced Recovery Fee End-of-life Fee
Internalization)
Legislation SB 20, Electronic Waste Recycling Act LD 1892 No legislation
Status/ Effective
Enacted, 1/1/05 Enacted, 4/22/04 Program launched in 2003
date
Take-It-Back Network (TIBN) - establish by King
The California Integrated Waste Management
County Solid Waste Division (SWD) in
Administrative Board (CIWMB); the Department of Toxic
Maine Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) coordination with Seattle Public Utilities &
entity(ies) Substance Control (DTSC); Board of Equalization
Snohomish County Solid Waste Division. The
(BOE)
TIBN has a total of 20 members in King County.
Computers (CPUs), CRTs & CRT devices, and flat
CRTs, LCDs, plasma displays, laptops, computer
panel displays/video display devices with screen CPUs, monitors, televisions, printers, scanners,
Covered Products monitors, and televisions (devices with video
greater than 4" diagonally and one or more circuit fax machines, peripherals, and others
display screens 4" diagonally or larger)
boards
Take-It-Back Network encourages private sector
Statewide program using advanced recovery fees State require manufacturers to plan for collection and
involvement by offering technical assistance to
collected from consumers to pay for collection and recycling/reuse of household electronics received from
What does members. In exchange, TIBN members
recycling of electronics. Fees are deposited into consolidation facilities. Consolidation facilities collect
program do? (electronics resellers, recyclers, repair shops,
Electronic Waste Recovery and Recycling & transport electronics from municipalities for storage,
retail/thrift stores, non-profits) provide collection
Account to be dispensed by the CIWMB. then invoice manufacturers for costs incurred.
sites and recycling services.
Develop & submit plans for recycling/reuse that meet
Demonstrate annual increase in amount of
DEP Environmentally Sound Management Guidelines;
recyclable materials and decrease in amount of
cooperate w/ consolidation facilities to implement
Manufacturer toxic substances in electronic devices. Make
program by 2006 (may be financed by ARF, no end-of- None
Responsibility annual reports to CIWMB on types and amount of
life fees). Reimburse consolidation facilities for costs
electronics sold. Inform retailers and BOE if
of handling, transport, recycling within 90 days;
device is covered electronics.
responsible for pro rata share of orphan waste
Fees charged Fees are $6 for device w/ screen size less than
Possible ARF (may be invisible), as determined by
costs or fee 15", $8 for sizes equal to or between 15" and 35", Fees determined by TIBN members
manufacturers
levels? $10 for sizes greater than 35"
Who pays fee? Consumers pay visible ARF Consumers may have to pay ARF End-users pay end-of-life fees
Retailers, may retain 3% of fees to pay for
Who collect fees? May be determined by manufacturers TIBN members
administrative costs
Fees pay for collection ($0.20/lb, adjustable),
Fees paid & what recycling ($0.28/lb, adjustable), manufacturers' Fees, if applied, pay for collection, transport, and
Fees pay for collection, transport, and recycling
fees covered? take-back, administration, public education recycling
campaign (1% of fees)
Municipalities run their own collection systems & send
End-users either drop off equipment at the
Collection Collectors/recyclers must be authorized and electronics to consolidation facilities. Consolidation
collection sites or use pick up services offer by
infrastructure? approved by the DTSC and CIWMB, respectively facilities collect, count brands, provide storage, then
some sites
transport to recyclers
Manufacturers label electronics w/ information on
Seal or labeling
where and how to return, recycle, and dispose Electronics must be labeled with manufacturer's brand None
required?
electronics
By 2006, consolidation facilities identify manufacturers
Beginning 2005, prohibit sales of electronics of & account for number of computers & TVs collected;
Rates, dates, manufacturers who do not comply with the sales of electronics by manufacturers failed to meet
accountability Electronic Waste Recycling Act. Prohibit sales of DEP Guidelines are prohibited. DEP will make None stated
mechanisms electronics banned by the European Union by Jan biannual report on recycling rates, compliance,
1, 2007. enforcement, & recommended changes from 2008-
2014.
Export in compliance w/ OECD guidelines, even if
Export in compliance w/ federal and international laws.
destination is non-OECD country. Exporters must Members agree to export only to members of the
Exporters must maintain records of destination,
Export? notify DTSC of destination, contents/volume, European Union or OECD. No export to
contents & volumes shipped, intended use, etc. for
intended use, etc. & demonstrate compliance w/ developing nations.
minimum of 3 years
law
By Jan 2005, there are 20 authorized recyclers,
Reportable In 2003/2004 collected 8200 TVs, 67,000
100 authorized collectors, and 2,000 retailers Pending
results? monitors, 59,400 computers and 2100 peripherals.
registered to collect ARF
Location Clark County, Washington (CREAM) Douglas-Chelan County, Washington Franklin County, Washington
Program type Subsidy End-of-life Fee Subsidized End-of-life Fee
Legislation No legislation No legislation No legislation
Status/ Effective
Program launched in 2003 Event held on 6/24/03 Event held on 10/23/04
date
CREAM (Computer Reuse/Recycling and
Marketing) Team - partnership of Dept. of Public
Administrative
Works, Vancouver SW Services, Clark College, Douglas and Chelan Counties Franklin County, Basin Disposal
entity(ies)
Clark County Sheriff's Office, Work Center,
Salvation Army, & Columbia Resource Company
Computers & peripherals, monitors, printers, fax Computers, keyboards, monitors, printers,
CPU's, monitors, printers, scanners, and television.
Covered Products machines, television, VCRs, camcorders, radios, scanners, fax machines, televisions, VCRs audio
Also include keyboards, mice, and speakers.
etc. equiptments, microwave ovens, and miscellaneous.
In 2003, Clark County CREAM Program uses
Douglas & Chelan Counties hold one-day collection Franklin County partnered with Basin Disposal to
CPG grant to fund 15 one-day events, a four-days-
event for small businesses to drop off electronics at hold one day collection event for residents and
What does a-week drop-off at the Work Center, and a
the Eastmont School District Maintenace Shop. small businesses. Event is funded by end-of-life
program do? monthly collection event east county. The
Prior to the event, the counties send out as surveys fees with donated labor and set-up costs from the
program plan to refurbish, reuse, or recycle the
so businesses can pre-register. county and Basin Disposal.
electronics collected.
Manufacturer
None None None
Responsibility
$10 per CPU, $12 per monitor, $5 per $10 per computer, $12 per monitor < 17", $20 per
Fees charged
scanner/printer; $15 for television less than 15", monitor > 17", $15-$45 per television; for other
costs or fee No fees (for Clark County residents only)
$17 for 20"-24", $20 for 26"-36" w/ an additional $1 electronics, $10 for the first 15 lbs and $0.30 for
levels?
for each inch greater than 36" each additional lb
Who pays fee? No fees End-users pay end-of-life fees End-users pay end-of-life fees
Who collect fees? No one The counties (Douglas and Chelan) The county (Franklin County)
Fees paid & what
No fees Fees pay for transport and processing Fees pay for transport and processing
fees covered?
End-users deliver electronics to collection site;
Collection End-users deliver electronics to colllection site to
collectors transported to reburbishers, dismantler, End-users drop-off electronics at site
infrastructure? be transported to dismantler
or charities
Seal or labeling
None None None
required?
Rates, dates,
End-users (small businesses) must complete pre-
accountability None None stated
registration form in order to participate in the event.
mechanisms
Export? No export of waste overseas No export of waste overseas
Collected 30,575 lbs of CPUs, 37,345 lbs of Collected 50 computers, 106 monitors, and 19
Reportable Collected 157 CPUs, 267 monitors, 9 scanners,
monitors, 23,450 lbs of televsion and a total televisions; total weight of all electronics collected is
results? and 2 televisions
104,810 lbs of electronics in 2003. 7,540 lbs
Location Snohomish County, Washington Kirkland, Washington Tukwila, Washington
Program type End-of-life Fee Municipal Curbside Collection Fee Retailer Subsidized End-of-life Fee
Legislation No legislation No legislation No legislation
Status/ Effective
Program launched in 2003 Program launched in 12/03 Event held on weekend, 10/12/01 to 10/13/01
date
Administrative
Snohomish County City of Kirkland; Kirkland Waste Management Best Buy
entity(ies)
Computers, monitors, laptops, televisions, TV-
Computers, televisions (21" screen or less),
VCR combos, computer peripherals, Computers, monitors, printers, fax machines, TV's,
Covered Products VCRs, computer/audio equipments, and cell
computer/TV related products, audio/video VCRs, stereos, camcorders, and cell phones
phones
equipments
City incorporated electronics pick-up into its
Snohomish County has three transfer stations
curbside garbage collection under the contract Retailer (Best Buy) organize and finance collection
What does accepting a maximum of 3 units per day for each
with Waste Management-Sno King. Residents event. End-users pay fees to drop-off electronics
program do? type of electronics. Residents may drop-off
are encouraged to recycle by lower fee rates for at the store parking lot.
electronics by paying end-of-life fees.
less garbage.
Manufacturer
None None None
Responsibility
Fees charged $14 for monitor, $10 for CPU/laptops, $20 for Fee is $5 per vehicle with additional $10 per
Fees incorporated into cost of regular garbage
costs or fee television, $27 for TV-VCR combo, $3 for large monitor, $15 per 27" screen or less and $30 for
pick-up service
levels? peripherals, $10 for TV-relateds greater than 27" screen TV
Who pays fee? End-users pay end-of-life fees End-users (households) End-users pay end-of-life fees
Who collect fees? County-operated transfer stations The city, which contracts collector/hauler Best Buy
Fees paid & what
Fees pay for processing and recycling Fees pay for transport and recycling Fees defray cost of transport and recycling
fees covered?
End-users leave electronics on curbside at the End-users drop-off electronics at retail store
Collection End-users drop off electronics at transfer
time of regular garbage collection; electronics parking lot. Electronics removed directly from
infrastructure? stations to be transported to dismantler
are picked up by haulers vehicles by staffs and transported to recycler
Seal or labeling
None None None
required?
Rates, dates,
accountability None stated None stated None stated
mechanisms
No overseas export, due to cost effective
Export? No export of waste overseas No export of waste overseas
measures
Collected 73,371 lbs of monitors, 53,532 lbs of Collected 6,526 lbs of CPUs, 6,523 lbs of
Reportable Collected a total of 61,485 lbs in 10 months,
computers & peripherals, and 346,450 lbs of monitors, and 9,098 lbs of TVs. Total amount of
results? from Dec 2003 to Sept 2004.
televisions in 2003 all electronics collected is 29,137 lbs.
