Being diagnosed with cancer is one of the scariest things that can happen to a person. It’s easy to lose all hope and just give up then and there, but it is important to keep in mind that the number of cancer survivors has increased over the last few years, and with proper treatment, it is possible to be one of them. There are several types of cancer, and even in a smaller subset such as skin cancer there’s more than one type. Skin cancer can be either a carcinoma or a melanoma. As the name suggests, the melanoma is a form of skin cancer that begins in the melanocytes. It is more likely than the carcinomas to spread to other parts of the body, but fortunately is the rarest form of skin cancer. The most common forms of skin cancer are basal and squamous cell carcinomas. So what are basal and squamous cells and melanocytes? The epidermis (top layer of the skin) is made up of three types of cells: Squamous cells – These are thin, flat cells that make up the topmost layer. Basal cells – Found under the squamous cells, these are round. Melanocytes – These produce melanin, the pigment that colours skin. Factors that increase the risk of skin cancer include having fair skin, chronic inflammations or ulcers, scars or burns, having had radiation therapy and being exposed to a lot of either artificial (as in tanning booths) or natural UV rays. Keep in mind, that just because one of the risk factors applies to you, it doesn’t mean that you will definitely get skin cancer. Unfortunately, the reverse is also true and people who don’t show any of the risk factors may also get skin cancer. One of the best ways of preventing skin cancer is by minimizing damage to the skin through overexposure to sunlight, so wearing sunscreen is recommended. Also, the quicker a cancer is caught and treated, the higher the chances of success. Skin cancer looks different depending on which type it is, so if anything suspicious is spotted, it’s a good idea to see a physician and get a professional opinion. If diagnosed with skin cancer, there are several organisations out there that provide support and information. A good source of information is the National Cancer Institute, which has a comprehensive and clear website, and experts available to assist by telephone, email, post or chat.