Chromosomes A lot of information in a very small package! Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes  PROKARYOTES – have very scattered DNA in their cells.  EUKARYOTES – keep their DNA in the nucleus – and will produce chromosomes. DNA Size  Human DNA: –around one meter long in a cell that can only be seen under a microscope!!! Chromosomes  Tightly wound segments of DNA.  DNA is wound like thread on a spool around proteins called histones.  Chromatin is the name given for the wound up DNA. Human Karyotype: 46 Chromosomes