Population
The 2000 Census gives us a picture of St. Louis County residents at the beginning of the twentyfirst century—racially more diverse, better educated, older, living in smaller households than in the past and continuing to increase in number at a very moderate rate of two percent per decade. Population by Decade – St. Louis County and City...................................................................... 1 Population Change .......................................................................................................................... 2 Population Change: Births, Deaths and Migration....................................................................... 3 Aging of the Population.................................................................................................................. 4 Median Age by Census Tract ......................................................................................................... 5 Changes in Household Size ............................................................................................................ 6 Changing Household Composition ..............................................................................................7 Families with Children: Spatial Distribution ..............................................................................8 Disability Status and Grandparents as Caregivers.......................................................................9 Racial and Ethnic Groups...........................................................................................................10 Racial Characteristics by Census Tract......................................................................................11 Educational Enrollment and Attainment....................................................................................12 Educational Attainment by Census Tract ..................................................................................13 Income and Poverty....................................................................................................................14 Median Household Income by Census Tract.............................................................................15 Place of Residence by Occupation.............................................................................................16 Registered Voters and Election Participation ............................................................................17 St Louis County in the State and the Region .............................................................................18
Internet resources on reverse.
Population
Internet Resources
Census data American Fact Finder Office of Social and Economic Data Analysis Health data – births, deaths www.census.gov http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/BasicFactsServlet http://www.oseda.missouri.edu/ http://www.dhss.state.mo.us/MICA/nojava.html
Population
Population by Decade – St. Louis County and City
County population reaches one million, city population trends downward As of the 2000 Census, St. Louis County’s population exceeded the one million mark with 1,016,315 persons. The County’s two percent growth in the 1990’s extended the pattern of modest population growth dating from the 1970’s. While St. Louis County has continued to grow slightly, the City of St. Louis has lost population in every decade since its peak in 1950. Combined, the City and County have lost population.
1,800,000 1,600,000 1,400,000 1,200,000 1,000,000 800,000 600,000 400,000 200,000 0 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
Population trends reflect two kinds of change: natural increase (births minus deaths) and net migration. While the County continues to have a substantial surplus of births over deaths, net migration is negative; that is, more people move out of the County than move in (see page 3 for more details). In the past three decades, the twelve-county St. Louis metropolitan region has continued to grow slowly with the population gradually shifting from the center to the outlying counties of the region.
Total
St. Louis City
St. Louis County
St. Louis City and County Population, 1900 - 2000
Population by Decade – St. Louis City and County
Year 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 St. Louis City 575,238 687,029 772,897 821,960 816,048 856,796 750,026 622,236 453,085 396,685 348,189 Change from Previous Decade 19% 12% 6% -1% 5% -12% -17% -27% -12% -12% St. Louis County 50,040 82,417 100,737 211,953 274,230 406,349 703,532 951,671 974,180 993,508 1,016,300 Change from Previous Decade 65% 22% 110% 29% 48% 73% 35% 2% 2% 2%
Source: U.S. Census, 1900 - 2000.
1
Population Change
Population change Over 10% loss 0% to 10% loss 0.1% to 5% gain 5.1% to 10% gain Over 10% gain
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RIVER
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M IS SI SS IP P I
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±
5 Miles
Population Change by Census Tract, 1990-2000
Population shifts to outer suburbs St. Louis County’s moderate overall population growth of two percent during the 1990’s was unevenly distributed throughout the County, with numerous census tracts showing more than 10 percent gains in population and many tracts showing losses. New housing construction continues to draw population to the farthest reaches of West, South and North County, while many Central County areas had population losses up to 10 percent. Population losses greater than 10 percent occurred in areas affected by the airport buyout, older areas adjacent to the City of St. Louis and the Meacham Park area of Kirkwood, where commercial development replaced homes and a project to
replace an older multi-family development caused a temporary drop in population. New multi-family developments including luxury condominiums and college dormitories have contributed to population growth in Clayton and Webster Groves, and infill subdivisions in South County have added population in the City of Green Park, and in the Mehlville area. Population gains in some census tracts in the Ferguson, Normandy, Bellefontaine Neighbors, and Spanish Lake areas that had previously been losing population are indicative of younger families with children replacing empty-nester households in these older established communities.
Sources: U.S. Census, 1990 and 2000, St. Louis County Department of Planning.
2
PP I
MANCHESTER RD.
WEBSTER GROVES KIRKWOOD ! !
RD RIVE
R PE ES ES
EC RAM ME
Population Change: Births, Deaths and Migration
Natural increase declining Population change has two components: natural increase and net migration. St. Louis County’s natural increase (the excess of births over deaths) was 44,296 in the 1990’s. While that number added 4.4 percent to St. Louis County’s population, it was less than half of the 95,681 natural increase of the 1950’s, the decade of the
20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 0 -5,000 -10,000 -15,000 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 Births
height of the baby boom. As the number of births gradually declines and the number of deaths increases with the aging of the population, the County’s natural population increase declines. St. Louis County’s annual natural increase fell to less than 3,000, or 0.3 percent in 2005, the most recent year for which data are available.
Deaths
Natural Increase
Annual Births, Deaths and Natural Increase - Five-Year Intervals, 1960 - 2005
Negative net migration While the County’s natural increase has been slowing, net migration has been negative for the past three decades. More people are moving out of St. Louis County than are moving in. Between 1990 and 2000, the net migration of –21,489 persons resulted in overall population growth of only 2.2 percent. Decade 1950-1959 1960-1969 1970-1979 1980-1989 1990-1999 Natural Increase 95,681 96,552 60,058 56,081 44,296
Potential net loss From 1970 to 2000 average annual net migration was a loss of over 3,000 persons. The natural increase of less than 3,000 persons in 2005 suggests a leveling off and possible decline in the County’s population since the 2000 Census.
Components of Population Change by Decade, St. Louis County, 1950-2000
Net Migration +205,502 +147,587 -37,515 -36,448 -21,489 Total Change 301,183 244,139 22,543 19,633 22,807
Sources: U.S. Bureau of the Census; Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services, Missouri Information for Community Assessment (MICA).
3
Aging of the Population
Baby-boomers moving up the age scale The aging of the “baby boom” generation is changing the age structure of St. Louis County. Those born during the baby boom of 1946 to 1964 created a bulge of persons in their thirties in the 1990 age pyramid. As of the 2000 Census, the largest age group was persons in their forties. As the largest age cohort moves into their fifties in the current decade and their sixties in the following decade, there will be a significant increase in the already rapidly expanding elderly population. Persons over 80, while still less than 4 percent of the total, increased by 28 percent from the 1990 Census to the 2000 Census. The second and third
1990
80+ 70 to 79 60 to 69 50 to 59 40 to 49 30 to 39 20 to 29 10 to 19 0 to 9 -100,000 -50,000 0 50,000 100,000 80+ 70 to 79 60 to 69 50 to 59 40 to 49 30 to 39 20 to 29 10 to 19 0 to 9
greatest increases were baby boom cohorts: persons in their fifties and those in their forties. Not far behind was the 70 to 79 age group with an 18 percent increase. Persons in their sixties, born in the depression era, decreased 13 percent. In 2000, the 20 to 29 age group was the smallest cohort under age 60. The small size of the “twenty-something” cohort reduces the entry-level workforce and promises to slow the rate of new household formation. The magnitude of the decrease in this age group is considerable. There were 146,300 County residents in their twenties in 1990 and only 119,591 in 2000, a decrease of 18.3 percent. The 30 to 39 age group also decreased.
2000
-100,000
-50,000 Males
0
50,000 Females
100,000
Males
Females
St. Louis County Population by Age Group, 1990 and 2000
Population by Age Group, 1990 and 2000
Age Group 80+ 70 to 79 60 to 69 50 to 59 40 to 49 30 to 39 20 to 29 10 to 19 0 to 9 Total 1990 30,341 57,095 89,622 96,580 134,831 168,719 146,300 130,116 139,925 993,529 % of Population 3% 6% 9% 10% 14% 17% 15% 13% 14% 2000 38,857 67,233 77,931 119,921 162,818 147,682 119,591 145,991 136,291 1,016,315 % of Population 4% 7% 8% 12% 16% 15% 12% 14% 13% % Change, 1990 - 2000 +28% +18% -13% +24% +21% -12% -18% +12% -3% +2%
Sources: U.S. Census, 1990 and 2000.
4
Median Age by Census Tract
Median Age by Census Tract
PELI CAN ISLA ND
M ISSO URI
20.2 - 31.0 31.1 - 35.9 36.0 - 39.6 39.7 - 43.8 43.9 - 51.9
CORA ISLAND
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I-5 5
MERAMEC
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±
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Median Age by Census Tract, 2000
Wide variations within the County The County’s median age rose by 2.7 years between 1990 and 2000—to 37.4 from 34.7 years. Data from the 2005 American Community Survey showed a further increase of 2.2 years to 39.6 years. The 2000 Census provides the most recent subcounty data showing age variations from one part of the County to another. Data showed wide variations in median age with the highest median ages concentrated in central-west and near southwest areas of the County - in the central corridor from Ladue to Chesterfield and in near southwest County in the Crestwood and Sunset Hills areas.
Higher median ages are common in established neighborhoods, especially where larger singlefamily homes predominate. Newer housing tends to attract younger families with children, while more established neighborhoods have more “empty-nester” households whose children are grown. Some established areas also have nursing homes and retirement/assisted-living facilities that contribute significantly to raising the median age. In North County areas south of Interstate 270 and east of Lindbergh Blvd., median ages below the countywide median predominate even as the housing stock ages, suggesting an influx of young families to older neighborhoods in that part of the County.
Sources: U.S. Bureau of the Census: Census 2000 and American Community Survey, 2005.
M IS
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RIVER
SI
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RIVER
City of St. Louis
N
R PE S DE
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5
Changes in Household Size
Declining household size A decline in average household size and a proliferation of single-person households are evident in the 2000 Census data for St. Louis County. A third of all households in St. Louis County are two-person households, and nearly as many, more than a quarter of them, are singleperson households. Less than one fourth of all St. Louis County households had more than three persons in 2000. Single-person households grew at the fastest rate,
6 or more 5 1 person
more than tripling in the past thirty years. Higher divorce rates and the increases in the older age groups both contributed to this trend. The County’s average household size at the 2000 Census was 2.47 persons per household, down from 2.57 persons in 1990 and 2.78 persons in 1980. St. Louis County’s average household size is just slightly below Missouri’s average household size of 2.48 persons. The figure for the United States is 2.59 persons per household. Household formation in St. Louis County continues at a rate that far exceeds the rate of population growth. Between 1990 and 2000 the number of new households (24,202) exceeded the increase in number of persons (22,807). The 6.4 percent increase in the number of households is the result of new household formation (with associated decreasing household size) as well as modest population growth. By far the biggest household size change in the decade was the 21 percent increase in single-person households. Two-person households increased by 6 percent, and households of 3, 4, 5 and 6 or more persons decreased in number. The 2005 American Community Survey shows a continuing decline in household size to an average of 2.44 persons per household for St. Louis County, down from 2.47 in 2000.
4 persons
3 persons 2 persons
Households by Number of Persons, 2000
Household Size Distribution – 1990 and 2000
Household Size (Persons) 1 2 3 4 5 6 or more Total Number of Households, 1990 93,532 125,650 66,554 58,093 24,640 11,641 380,110 Percent of Households, 1990 25% 33% 18% 17% 8% 5% Number of Households, 2000 113,172 133,590 65,870 56,305 24,220 11,155 404,312 Percent of Households, 2000 28% 33% 16% 14% 6% 3% Percent Change, 19902000 +21% +6% -1% -3% -2% -4% +6%
Sources: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Population, 1990 and 2000, and 2005 American Community Survey.
6
Changing Household Composition
Married-couple households in the minority Married couples now head less than half of households in St. Louis County, according to the latest Census report. Only 49 percent of households are headed by married couples, and the majority of married couples do not have children under 18 living in the household. Single-parent families with children under 18 and non-family households are increasing. The fastest growing household type in the 1990’s was “other family households,” those headed by unmarried householders living with relatives including children age 18 and above. Meanwhile, the number of non-family households increased markedly, with single-person households contributing the largest number. In the 2005 American Community Survey, singleperson households were the most numerous household type in St. Louis County, representing 29 percent of all households. Fewer in number but growing even faster are other non-family households - those with two or more unrelated persons. The growth of this household type in part reflects the growth of domestic partners. Families with children headed by single persons increasingly The share of families with children under 18 that are headed by married couples continues to decline, according to the 2005 American Community Survey. In St. Louis County 67 percent of households with children are headed by married couples, down from 72 percent in 2000. One quarter are headed by single women. The remaining households with children are headed by single men or other relatives, including grandparents. Only about one in five households is a marriedcouple with children at home. Such traditional families are outnumbered by married couples without children at home. In addition to persons living in family and nonfamily households, the 2000 Census counted 19,286 St. Louis Countians living in group quarters, which include college dormitories, nursing homes, correctional institutions and rooming houses. This group was not counted in the 2005 American Community Survey.
Household Composition
Household and Family Type Married with related children at home Married without related children at home Single persons with children at home Other families Total family households Single-person households Other non-family households Total non-family households Total households Households in 2000 91,733 114,507 36,136 28,434 270,810 113,172 20,330 133,502 404,312 % change 1990-2000 -10% -3% +23% +32% 0% +21% +26% +22% +6% % of households - 2000 23% 28% 9% 7% 67% 28% 5% 33% % of households - 2005 21% 28% 10% 7% 66% 29% 5% 34%
Sources: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Population, 1990 and 2000, and 2005 American Community Survey.
7
Families with Children: Spatial Distribution
Married-couple families with found in outer-ring suburbs
% Married-Couple Families with Children 7% - 10% 11% - 19% 20% - 29% 30% - 39% 40% - 54%
PA
PELIC AN ISL AND
children
couple families with children. These older areas tend to have more households whose children have grown, the so-called “empty-nesters,” as well as single-person households and one-parent households. Single-parent families in inner ring While single-parent households with children comprise 9 percent of all households countywide, the concentration by census tract ranges from 1 percent in a Sunset Hills tract to 32 percent in a North County tract. Single-parent households are geographically concentrated in the northern half of the County, particularly in older communities east of Lindbergh Boulevard. In several tracts in that area single-parent families with children comprise at least 20 percent of all households. Above-average percentages are also found in the Lemay area and in single tracts in Maplewood, Kirkwood and the unincorporated area west of Fenton.
% Single-Parent Families with Children 0% to 5% 6% to 9% 10% to 14% 15% to 21% 22% to 32%
CORA ISLAND
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!
RIVER
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MEC MERA
M IS SIS
±
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Married-Couple Families with Children as a Percent of All Households
SIP
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!
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RIVER
Married-couple and single-parent households with children are unevenly distributed across St. Louis County. Areas of newer housing development have the highest concentrations of “traditional” married-couple families with children. Census tracts in West County areas in Wildwood, Eureka and unincorporated areas in the southwestern portion of the County have the highest percentages of married-couple families with children under age 18. The Oakville area in South County and areas north of Florissant also show high percentages of this family type, which represented 23 percent of all households countywide in the 2000 Census. Four Central County census tracts in Brentwood, Ladue, Glendale and Webster Groves have aboveaverage percentages of such families, but most “inner-ring” areas east of Lindbergh Boulevard have below-average concentrations of married
RIV ER
H
I-70
H WY 36 7
MISS OU RI
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RIVER
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LINDBERGH BLVD.
KSO
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PP I
MANCHESTER R D.
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R PE ES ES
SI IS
ARSENAL ISLAND
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!
FENTON
RIVER
I-25
MERAMEC
5
I-5 5
R RIVE
MEC MERA
IS
SIS
±
0 2 4 Miles
Single-Parent Families with Children as a Percent of All Households
Sources: U.S. Census, 2000 and St. Louis County Department of Planning.
8
M
SIP
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RIVE
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SI
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RIVER
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City of St. Louis
MER AM EC
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PELIC AN ISL
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CORA ISLAND
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MOSENTHEIN ISLAND
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City of St. Louis
RIVE RD
MER EC AM
R RIVE
Disability Status & Grandparents as Caregivers
Six in ten working-age persons with disabilities employed St. Louis County has lower percentages of persons with disabilities than the bi-state St. Louis MSA or the State of Missouri, particularly in the older age groups. St. Louis County also has a higher employment percentage for persons with disabilities than the region or the state. The 2000 Census was the first census to include a question about disability status. Data are presented by age groups beginning with age 5. The 21 through 64 age group represents the working age population. For this age group, the percentage of persons employed is given for those with and without a disability. The inverse of these percentages does not equate to an unemployment rate, however, because persons in this tabulation were not categorized as to whether or not they are in the labor force. With or without a disability, persons who are neither working nor actively looking for work are not considered to be in the labor force and are not counted in the unemployment rate.
Disability Status of Non-Institutionalized Civilian Population
Population group Ages 5 to 20 With a disability Ages 21 to 64 With a disability Percent employed No disability Percent employed Age 65 plus With a disability Total age 5 plus With a disability St. Louis County 228,331 18,010 7.9% 575,821 79,125 13.7% 61.3% 496,696 86.3% 81.1% 135,766 49,248 36.3% 939,918 146,383 15.6% St. Louis, MO-IL MSA 609,959 49,984 8.2% 1,466,515 244,094 16.6% 57.4% 1,222,421 83.4% 80.0% 317,291 128,223 40.4% 2,393,765 422,301 17.6% Missouri 1,288,509 103,038 3,120,642 567,320 55.3% 2,553,322 80.0% 711,417 303,279 5,120,568 973,637 8.0% 18.2% 81.8% 42.6% 19.0%
Source: Census 2000, Summary File 3.
New data on grandparents as caregivers The 2000 Census was the first to ask whether grandparents were living in the same household with children under age 18 and whether or not those grandparents were “currently responsible for most of the basic needs” of those grandchildren. In St. Louis County 42.9 percent of persons living
in the same household with grandchildren were responsible for their care. For the bi-state metropolitan area the proportion was four percentage points higher, and percentage for the State of Missouri was higher still, approaching half of all grandparents living with grandchildren.
Grandparents as Caregivers
Population group Grandparents living in household with one or more grandchildren under 18 Grandparent responsible for grandchildren St. Louis County 16,393 7,030 42.9% St. Louis, MO-IL MSA 46,506 21,229 45.6% Missouri 90,200 43,907 48.7%
Source: Census 2000, Summary File 3.
9
Racial and Ethnic Groups
Increasing diversity Whites and African-Americans (blacks) have been the predominant racial groups in the St. Louis metropolitan area and in St. Louis County throughout the area’s history. The 2000 Census was the first Census in which the total of other racial groups registered more than 2 percent in St. Louis County. It was also the first Census in which respondents could select more than one racial group. Only 1.3 percent of the population selected more than one race.
Population by Race, 1940 - 2000
Year 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000* White Population 261,840 95.5% 389,336 95.8% 683,652 97.2% 902,002 94.8% 852,104 87.5% 836,232 84.1% 780,830 76.8% Black Population 12,309 4.5% 16,819 4.1% 19,007 2.7% 45,495 4.8% 109,684 11.3% 139,318 14.0% 193,306 19.0% Other Races 81 0.0% 194 0.1% 873 0.1% 4,174 0.4% 12,108 1.2% 17,979 1.8% 42,179 4.2% Total 274,230 406,349 703,532 951,671 973,596 993,529 1,016,315
*White and black population figures for 2000 represent only those who indicated a single race.
Asians a small but growing group Asians are the largest racial group in St. Louis County other than whites and African-Americans. In the 2000 Census those who selected Asian as their single race numbered 22,606, and those who indicated Asian alone or in combination with one or more other races numbered 26,261. Those who selected Asian alone in the 2000 Census represented a 61 percent increase over Asians
counted in the 1990 Census. Based on those who selected a single race, the subgroups of Asians in order by size were Chinese, Asian Indian, Korean, Filipino, Vietnamese, and Japanese. In the 2005 American Community Survey the Asian population of St. Louis County had increased to 3.0 percent from 2.2 percent five years earlier.
Breakdown of “Other Races” in St. Louis County, 2000
Race Asian - Asian Indian - Chinese - Filipino - Japanese - Korean - Vietnamese Number 22,606 6,197 6,875 2,276 1,137 2,348 1,557 Percent 2.2% 0.6% 0.7% 0.2% 0.1% 0.2% 0.2% Race - Other Asian American Indian and Alaska Native Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander Some other race Two or more races Number 2,216 1,717 251 4,775 12,830 Percent 0.2% 0.2% 0.5% 1.3%
Hispanics also increasing rapidly The Hispanic or Latino category in the Census is an ethnic category that includes persons of any race. In St. Louis County 14,577 persons or 1.4 percent of the population were identified as Hispanic. While still a relatively small group,
Hispanics increased by 49 percent since the 1990 Census. Slightly more than half (7,309) of St. Louis County Hispanics are Mexicans. Much smaller groups were identified as Puerto Ricans (1,300) and Cubans (606), and over a third were classified as “other Hispanic or Latino.”
Sources: U.S. Census Bureau: 1990 and 2000 Census and 2005 American Community Survey.
10
Racial Characteristics by Census Tract
PELIC AN IS LAND
MISSO U RI
I-70
HWY 367
I-170
Percent Black 0% - 10% 11% - 25% 26% - 50% 51% - 75% Over 75%
E AV GE PA
CORA ISLAND
RIV
ER
Y BR
AN
AN IS L
D
Y HW
67
! BLACK JACK
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!
M
IS
PI S IP SIS
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ISLAND
MOSENTHEIN ISLAND
JOHN SON
RIVER
LA L IS EL ND
ISLAN
BONH OMM E IS LAND
PAGE AV
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! UNIVERSITY CITY
D
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RD
CREVE COEUR !
MIS SO UR I
W HO
.
N
TOWN & COUNTRY !
LINDBERGH BLVD.
CL AR
CLAYTON St. Louis ! RICHMOND HEIGHTS ! ! ROCK HILL
SI PP I
City of
MANCHESTER RD.
KIRKWOOD !
EC RAM ME
I-44
M
ER S EP ES
IS
S SI
ARSENAL ISLAND
MER AMEC
IV R
ER
RIVER
I-25
MERAMEC
5
I-5 5
ER RIV
MEC ME RA
M IS
±
0 1.25 2.5 5 Miles
Percent Black by Census Tract, 2000
Near North County home to AfricanAmericans Countywide data from the 2000 Census show increasing racial diversity in St. Louis County, but geographic concentrations within the County are also evident. Overall, the white population declined by over 55,000, while the AfricanAmerican population increased by nearly 54,000 in the 1990s. The African-American population is most concentrated in near North County and in the Black Jack and Spanish Lake areas. Central County communities including Richmond Heights, Rock Hill and Kirkwood have census tracts of greater than 20 percent African-American population.
Source: U.S. Census, 2000.
The Asian population shows some degree of concentration with census tracts having 5 to 10 percent Asians in West County areas of Maryland Heights, Creve Coeur and Town and Country and in parts of University City, Clayton and Richmond Heights. Note: Racial data from the 2000 Census are not directly comparable to data from previous Censuses, because in 2000 persons were able to select more than one race on the Census questionnaire. Numbers quoted in the paragraph above are based on respondents who selected only one race. In St. Louis County 12,830 persons or 1.3 percent of the population selected more than one race.
SI SS IP
PI
RIVER
RIVER
KS O
RIVE RD
ER RIV
11
Educational Enrollment and Attainment
Rising and shifting enrollment patterns Enrollment in elementary and high schools increased nearly 12 percent between 1990 and 2000, while preschool and college enrollment declined. These changes show an overall increase in school enrollment by St. Louis Countians and also reflect the changes in the age structure. The nineties saw a decline in young children and in persons in their twenties, while the 10 to 19 age group grew by 12 percent.
Population Three Years and Older Enrolled in School
Level Nursery school, preschool Elementary and high school College or graduate school Total persons enrolled 1990 Persons Enrolled 24,040 160,383 75,086 259,509 2000 Persons Enrolled 23,858 178,980 64,556 267,394 % Change -0.8% +11.6% -14.0% +3%
Sources: U. S. Bureau of the Census, 1990 Census and 2000 Census
Education levels exceed State and Nation Educational levels of St. Louis County residents continue to rise and to outstrip state and national levels, especially in the percentage of college graduates. Two thirds of St. Louis County residents age 25 or older have some college education. The percentage with a Bachelor’s degree or higher rose to 38 percent in 2005 from 29 percent in 1990. The percent of County residents with graduate or professional degrees jumped from 10 percent to 15 percent between 1990 and 2005. A scant 2 percent of adults had less than a ninth grade education in 2005, down from 7 percent in 1990. Ninety-one percent of adults in St. Louis County in 2005 had at least a high school diploma, compared with 82 percent in 1990.
Less than High School High School Graduate Some College College or Graduate Degree 0% 10% 20% 30% 40%
St. Louis County
Missouri
U.S.
Percent of Residents by Educational Attainment, 2005
Educational Attainment of Persons 25 Years and Over
Maximum Level of Education College High School Grade School Graduate/Professional Degree Bachelor’s Degree Some College/Assoc. Degree Diploma or Equivalency 9th to 12th Grade, No Diploma Less than 9th Grade 1990 Percent 10% 19% 26% 26% 11% 7% 2000 Percent 13% 22% 29% 24% 8% 4% 2005 Percent 15% 23% 29% 24% 7% 2%
Sources: U. S. Bureau of the Census, 1990 Census, 2000 Census and 2005 American Community Survey.
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Educational Attainment by Census Tract
Adults with College Degree or Higher 4% to 19% 20% to 29% 30% to 44%
MISS OUR I
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PELIC AN IS LAND
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45% to 59% 60% to 80%
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LINDBERGH BLVD
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Adults with College Degree by Census Tract, 2000
Highest education in central corridor Countywide 35.4 percent of adults have college degrees, that is, bachelor’s degrees or higher. Census tracts in which at least three of five adults have college degrees are concentrated in the central corridor of the County from the St. Louis City limits to far western St. Louis County. Census tracts in which at least 45 percent of adults have college degrees lie predominantly between
Page Boulevard on the north and Interstate 44 on the south. Census tracts in which the percentage of adults with college degrees is below 20 percent are concentrated in the near north, northeast and near southeast portions of the County.
Note: Adults with college degrees are defined as persons aged 25 or older whose maximum educational achievement was a bachelor’s degree or higher.
Source: U. S. Census, 2000, Summary File 3.
M
RIVER
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City of St. Louis
MIS SO
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Income and Poverty
Countywide income measures high
Household Income, St. Louis County
1999 Household Income Households Percent <$10,000 23,049 5.7 $10,000 - $14,999 18,211 4.5 $15,000 - $24,999 43,402 10.7 $25,000 - $34,999 49,378 12.2 $35,000 - $49,999 65,737 16.2 $50,000 - $74,999 85,179 21.1 $75,000 - $99,999 48,720 12.0 $100,000 - $149,999 42,141 10.4 $150,000 - $199,999 13,096 3.2 $200,000 or more 15,694 3.9 Source: U. S. Census, 2000, Summary File 3. St. Louis County’s median household income as reported in the 2000 Census (1999 income) was $50,532, well above the national median of $41,994 and the state median of $37,934. The County’s median family income was $61,680. Because this measure excludes individuals living alone or with unrelated individuals, it tends to be higher than the median household income, which is based on the sum of the incomes of all household members. Another commonly used income measure is per capita income, which for St. Louis County was $27,595. Wide variations in income levels within the County are reflected in median income data for census tracts and municipalities. For St. Louis County census tracts median household incomes range from $21,230 to $153,366, and for St. Louis County’s 91 municipalities they range from $10,156 in Kinloch to $200,001 in Huntleigh.
Very low incomes for a fifth of County households, rising poverty rates Although St. Louis County’s household and per capita incomes are high, many County households have low incomes. Federal programs define “very low income” households as those with incomes below 50 percent of the areawide median. For the St. Louis MSA, the very low income threshold for the Census year was $22,219. Thus, the 84,662 St. Louis County households with incomes below $25,000 a year fall within or close to the very low income category. They constitute 21 percent of St. Louis County households. While the national and MSA poverty percentages declined in the 1990’s, St. Louis County’s poverty percentage increased. The number of persons in poverty rose from 54,603 (5.6 percent) in 1990 to 68,552 (6.9 percent) in 2000, an increase of 25.5 percent. The County’s poverty rate is higher for children: 9.3 percent for children under age 18 related to the head of household. The federal government’s definition of poverty is based on pre-tax income and varies by family size, age of householder, and number of children. A family of four with two children under age 18 was “poor” if its income was less than $16,895 per year in 1999. For a non-elderly single individual, the poverty threshold was $8,667. Consistent with federal welfare reform programs instituted during the 1990’s, the number of households receiving public assistance decreased from 13,586 (3.6 percent) in 1990 to 8,798 (2.2 percent) in 2000.
Comparative Income Measures
1999 Income Median Household Income Median Family Income Per Capita Income Persons in Poverty Percentage of Persons in Poverty* St. Louis County $50,532 $61,680 $27,595 68,552 6.9% Missouri $37,934 $46,044 $19,936 637,891 11.7% St. Louis Region (MSA) $44,437 $54,113 $22,698 253,785 9.9%
*Percentage of persons for whom poverty status is determined by the Census Bureau. Source: U. S. Census, 2000, Summary File 3. Source: U. S. Census, 2000, Summary File 3.
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Median Household Income by Census Tract
Median Household Income Under $35,000 $35,000 - $49,999
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$50,000 - $69,999 $70,000 - $89,999 $90,000 - $153,366
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Median Household Income by Census Tract, 1999
Higher incomes in central and outer suburbs Median household incomes of $90,000 and above are found in census tracts in St. Louis County’s central corridor, including areas of Ladue, Frontenac, Town & Country, Creve Coeur, Des Peres, Chesterfield and Wildwood. Tracts with median household incomes above $70,000 are found in far North County and far South County as well as in Central and West County. (The countywide median income for 1999 was
$50,532.) The census tracts with the lowest median incomes, those below $35,000, are concentrated in near North County, in the Lemay area of South County and in Maplewood census tracts close to the City of St. Louis. The distribution of census tracts with higher median incomes is similar to the distribution of tracts in which higher percentages of adults have college degrees. (See page 13.) Likewise, the higher income census tracts correlate with tracts with higher housing values. (See page 38.)
Source: U. S. Bureau of the Census, 2000 Census, Summary File 3.
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City of St. Louis
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15
Occupation by Place of Residence
Managers and professionals live in central corridor Managerial and professional workers predominate in Mid-County and West County. In North and South County most census tracts have average or less than average percentages of workers in managerial, professional and related occupations, with near North County having the smallest proportion in this category. Management, professional and related occupations include educational workers, social service occupations, health care technicians and computer occupations as well as business, financial, legal, medical, engineering and architectural professionals. As a group, they tend to receive higher salaries than other occupations, and they tend to live in areas of high housing values. The pattern of residence for managerial and professional workers is similar to that of adults with college degrees and roughly opposite that of blue-collar workers. (See the map at right).
% Management/Professional 15% - 22% 23% - 32%
ER
ND
PELIC AN ISL AND
% Blue Collar 0% - 7% 8% - 12%
CORA ISLAND
PELIC AN ISL AND
RIV
HWY 367
13% - 20%
MISS OURI
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21% - 25% 26% - 37%
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ARSENAL ISLAND
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Proportion of Blue Collar Workers
Blue-collar workers in North and South County
CORA ISLAND
HWY 367
33% - 43%
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WY
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ER RIV
44% - 56% 57% - 74%
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SI PP
M ANCHESTER RD
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City of St. Louis
Blue-collar occupations include occupations grouped by the Census Bureau under the headings of Precision Production, Skilled Crafts and Repairs, Operators, Fabricators and Laborers, Farming, Fishing and Forestry. Blue-collar workers reside in high concentrations in North County and in parts of South County. These concentrations are in areas with good access to major manufacturing employment locations such as Boeing and the now closed Ford Motor Company plant in North County and the Chrysler plants in Southwest County (Fenton). Workers in blue-collar occupations comprise 16.5 percent of workers residing in St. Louis County as compared to 24.7 percent nationwide. Areas with a high proportion of blue-collar workers tend to be areas of lower median income, because bluecollar occupations are typically paid less than managerial and professional workers.
MIS
SO UR
I
MISS
I-5 5
Proportion of Managerial and Professional Workers
Source: U.S. Census, 2000.
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M IS SIS SIP
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M ANCHESTER RD
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LINDBERGH BLVD.
RIVER
City of St. Louis
MIS
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Registered Voters and Election Participation
Increased registration and participation The 38 percent increase in registered voters between the 1972 presidential election and the 2004 presidential election far exceeded the County’s population growth, which was just 6.8 percent between the 1970 and 2000 censuses. The increase in registered voters is partly a result of the aging of St. Louis County’s population. The voting age population (age 18 and over) grew 25 percent between 1970 and 2000. Local contests and issues also affect registration and turnout. Voter participation has been consistently higher in presidential election years than in the off-year congressional elections. In presidential election years, the highest level of participation in the last three decades was 86 percent in both 1976 and 1992. Voter participation dropped in the 1996 presidential election but increased in 2000 and 2004. For non-presidential elections, the high point of the last thirty-five years was the 1994 election with 67 percent of registered voters casting ballots in the general election, as compared to 64 percent in both 2002 and 2006. Registered Voters 406,475 617,230 564,286 644,126 Registered Voters as Percent of Voting Age Population 71.8% 87.4% 75.3% 84.7%
Registered Voters as a Percent of Voting Age Population – St. Louis County
Year 1970* 1970* 1980 1990 2000 Election (Age 21+) (Age 18+) Presidential Presidential Voting Age Population 565,944 607,944 706,196 749,134 760,324 Percent of Population that is of Voting Age 59.5% 63.9% 72.5% 75.4% 74.8%
*Until the passage of the twenty-sixth amendment to the Constitution in 1971, the voting age was 21. The population age 18+ is given for comparison with later years.
Percent of Registered Voters Casting Ballots in the General Election
Year 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 Election Presidential Presidential Presidential Presidential Presidential Presidential Presidential Presidential Presidential Year End Registered Voters 503,520 466,316 522,771 561,901 617,230 608,075 598,031 522,689 598,365 564,286 631,428 589,527 629,388 603,022 644,126 628,195 692,613 660,731* Total Votes Cast in General Election 424,948 283,389 452,626 180,940 496,094 328,402 480,828 342,289 488,890 326,010 542,389 392,815 471,029 344,969 497,577 393,352 551,112 419,097 Percent Voted 84% 60% 86% 32% 80% 54% 80% 65% 82% 58% 86% 67% 75% 57% 77% 64% 80% 64%
*Registered as of November election. Sources: U.S. Census, 1970, 1980, 1990, 2000, and St. Louis County Board of Election Commissioners.
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St. Louis County in the State and the Region
Largest County in Missouri St. Louis County is the largest County in the State of Missouri and the largest of the sixteen Missouri and Illinois counties that comprise the St. Louis Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA). St. Louis County has nearly a fifth of the population of the State of Missouri and more than a third of the population of the sixteen-county bi-state region, which was expanded from twelve counties in 2003.
St. Louis County 17% Remainder of Missouri 64% St. Louis City 6% Other Metro West 13%
Missouri’s six “outer ring” counties – St. Charles, Jefferson, Franklin, Lincoln, Warren and Washington – contain more than a quarter of the region’s population. The eight Illinois counties in the St. Louis MSA, which contain the cities of Belleville, East St. Louis, Granite City, Alton, Collinsville, O’Fallon, Edwardsville and numerous smaller ones, have another quarter of the metropolitan region’s population.
Metro East 25%
St. Louis County 36%
Other Metro West 27%
St. Louis City 13%
St. Louis MO-IL MSA Population, 2005
State of Missouri Population, 2005
Missouri’s Largest Counties - 2005 Estimates
County St. Louis County Jackson (Kansas City) St. Louis City* St. Charles Greene (Springfield) Jefferson Clay (Kansas City area) Boone (Columbia) Jasper (Joplin) State of Missouri Population % of State 1,004,666 17.3% 662,959 11.4% 344,362 5.9% 329,940 5.7% 250,784 4.3% 213,669 3.7% 202,078 3.5% 143,326 2.5% 110,624 1.9% 5,800,310
St. Louis MSA Counties – 2005 Estimates
County St. Louis County, MO St. Louis City, MO* St. Charles, MO Madison, IL St. Clair, IL Jefferson, MO Franklin, MO Macoupin, IL Lincoln, MO Clinton, IL Monroe, IL Warren, MO Washington, MO Jersey, IL Bond, IL Calhoun, IL St. Louis, MO-IL MSA Population % of MSA 1,004,666 36.2% 344,362 12.4% 329,940 11.9% 264,309 9.5% 260,067 9.4% 213,669 7.7% 99,090 3.6% 49,111 1.8% 47,727 1.7% 36,095 1.3% 31,040 1.1% 28,764 1.0% 24,032 0.9% 22,456 0.8% 18,027 0.6% 5,163 0.2% 2,778,518
*Independent city with county functions.
Dominant in the Metropolitan Region St. Louis County now comprises 36 percent of the two-state, sixteen-county St. Louis metropolitan area as defined by the Census Bureau. Both the City of St. Louis and the City of St. Charles are defined as central cities of the region.
*Independent city with county functions.
Source: Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program, Estimates for July 1, 2005.
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