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U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation FHW/06-NAT 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation U.S. Department of the Interior Dirk Kempthorne, Secretary U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service H. Dale Hall, Director U.S. Department of Commerce Carlos M. Gutierrez, Secretary Economics and Statistics Administration Cynthia A. Glassman, Under Secretary for Economic Affairs U.S. CENSUS BUREAU Charles Louis Kincannon, Director Economics and Statistics Administration Cynthia A. Glassman, Under Secretary for Economic Affairs U.S. Department of the Interior Dirk Kempthorne, Secretary U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service H. Dale Hall, Director U.S. CENSUS BUREAU Charles Louis Kincannon, Director Wildlife and Sport Fish Restoration Rowan Gould, Assistant Director The U.S. Department of the Interior protects and manages the Nation’s natural resources and cultural heritage; provides scientiﬁc and other information about those resources; and honors its trust responsibilities or special commitments to American Indians, Alaska Natives, and afﬁliated Island Communities. The mission of the Department’s U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service is working with others to conserve, protect, and enhance ﬁsh, wildlife, and their habitats for the continuing beneﬁt of the American people. The Service is responsible for national programs of vital importance to our natural resources, including administration of the Wildlife and Sport Fish Restoration Programs. These two programs provide ﬁnancial assistance to the States for projects to enhance and protect ﬁsh and wildlife resources and to assure their availability to the public for recreational purposes. Multistate grants from these programs fund the National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation. Suggested Citation U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, and U.S. Department of Commerce, U.S. Census Bureau. 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation. Contents List of Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Survey Background and Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv vi vii Highlights Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fishing Highlights. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunting Highlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wildlife-Watching Highlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 4 8 22 36 Tables Guide to Statistical Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fishing and Hunting Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wildlife-Watching Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . State Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 57 87 96 Appendixes A. Deﬁnitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B. 2005 Participation of 6-to-15-Year-Olds and Historical Participation of Sportspersons: Data From Screening Interviews . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C. Signiﬁcant Methodological Changes From Previous Surveys and Regional Trends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D. Sample Design and Statistical Accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 122 136 148 U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation iii List of Tables Fishing and Hunting: 2006 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. Anglers and Hunters 16 Years Old and Older, Days of Participation, and Trips by Type of Fishing and Hunting. . . Anglers, Trips, and Days of Fishing by Type of Fishing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Freshwater Anglers and Days of Fishing by Type of Fish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Great Lakes Anglers and Days of Fishing by Type of Fish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Saltwater Anglers and Days of Fishing by Type of Fish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunters, Trips, and Days of Hunting by Type of Hunting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunters and Days of Hunting by Type of Game . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Selected Characteristics of Anglers and Hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Selected Characteristics of Anglers by Type of Fishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Selected Characteristics of Hunters by Type of Hunting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Summary of Expenditures for Fishing and Hunting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Expenditures for Fishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trip and Equipment Expenditures for Freshwater Fishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trip and Equipment Expenditures for Freshwater Fishing, Except Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trip and Equipment Expenditures for Great Lakes Fishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trip and Equipment Expenditures for Saltwater Fishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Expenditures for Hunting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trip and Equipment Expenditures for Big Game Hunting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trip and Equipment Expenditures for Small Game Hunting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trip and Equipment Expenditures for Migratory Bird Hunting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trip and Equipment Expenditures for Hunting Other Animals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Special Equipment Expenditures for Fishing and Hunting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Anglers and Hunters Who Purchased Licenses or Were Exempt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Selected Characteristics of Anglers and Hunters Who Purchased Licenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Freshwater Anglers and Days of Fishing by Type of Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Great Lakes Anglers and Days of Fishing by Great Lake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunters and Days of Hunting on Public and Private Land by Type of Hunting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunters and Days of Hunting on Public Land by Selected Characteristic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunters and Days of Hunting on Private Land by Selected Characteristic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Anglers Fishing From Boats and Days of Participation by Type of Fishing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Anglers Fishing From Motorboats and Non-Motorboats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Boats and Boat Launches Used by Anglers and Completion of Boating Safety Courses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Anglers Fishing Most Often From Boats Alone or With Others . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Information Used by Anglers Fishing From Boats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation in Ice Fishing and Fly-Fishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation in Catch-and-Release Fishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunters Using Bows and Arrows, Muzzleloaders, or Other Firearms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Land Owned or Leased for the Primary Purpose of Fishing or Hunting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 61 63 65 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 78 79 80 80 80 81 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 85 86 86 iv 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Wildlife-Watching Activities: 2006 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. Wildlife-Watching Participants by Type of Activity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participants, Area Visited, Trips, and Days of Participation in Wildlife Watching Away From Home . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation in Wildlife-Watching Activities Around the Home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Away-From-Home Wildlife Watchers by Wildlife Observed, Photographed, or Fed and Place . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wild Bird Observers and Days of Observation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Expenditures for Wildlife Watching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Selected Characteristics of Participants in Wildlife-Watching Activities Away From Home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Selected Characteristics of Participants in Wildlife-Watching Activities Around the Home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Land Owned or Leased for the Primary Purpose of Wildlife Watching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation of Wildlife-Watching Participants in Fishing and Hunting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation of Sportspersons in Wildlife-Watching Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 87 88 89 89 90 91 93 95 95 95 State Wildlife-Related Recreation: 2006 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. Participation in Wildlife-Associated Recreation by State Residents Inside and Outside Their Resident State . . . . . Participation in Wildlife-Associated Recreation in Each State by Both Residents and Nonresidents of the State. . . Expenditures for Wildlife-Related Recreation by State Where Spending Took Place . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Expenditures for Wildlife-Related Recreation in the United States by State Residents Both Inside and Outside Their Resident State. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Anglers and Hunters by Sportsperson’s State of Residence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Anglers and Hunters by State Where Fishing or Hunting Took Place . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunters by Type of Hunting and State Where Hunting Took Place . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Days of Hunting by State Where Hunting Took Place and Hunter’s State of Residence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Days of Hunting by Type of Hunting and State Where Hunting Took Place . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Expenditures for Hunting by State Where Spending Took Place . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Freshwater (Except Great Lakes) Anglers and Days of Fishing by State Where Fishing Took Place . . . . . . . . . . . . Great Lakes Anglers and Days of Great Lakes Fishing by State Where Fishing Took Place . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Saltwater Anglers and Days of Saltwater Fishing by State Where Fishing Took Place . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Days of Fishing by State Where Fishing Took Place and Angler’s State of Residence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Expenditures for Fishing by State Where Spending Took Place . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation in Wildlife-Watching Activities by State Residents Both Inside and Outside Their Resident State . . . Participation in Wildlife-Watching Activities by State Where Activity Took Place . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation in Away-From-Home Wildlife Watching by State Where Activity Took Place . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Days of Wildlife Watching Away From Home by State Where Activity Took Place and Participant’s State of Residence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Expenditures for Wildlife-Watching Activities by State Where Spending Took Place . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 97 98 100 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation v Foreword I ﬁnd duck hunting with friends in a bottomland hardwood swamp or ﬁshing with my kids on an Oregon river bolsters my spirit and reminds me why I care about conservation and our wildlife heritage. But wildlife-associated and vital recreation—activities such as hunting, ﬁshing, and birding—also provide signiﬁcant ﬁnancial support for wildlife conservation in our Nation’s economy. According to information from the newest National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation, 87.5 million Americans spent more than $122 billion in 2006 on wildlife-related recreation. And this spending supports hundreds of thousands of jobs in industries and businesses. The Survey is conducted every ﬁve years at the request of State ﬁsh and wildlife agencies to measure the importance of wildlife-based recreation to the American people. The 2006 Survey represents the 11th in a series that began in 1955. Developed in collaboration with the States, the Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies, and national conservation organizations, the Survey has become one of the most important sources of information on ﬁsh and wildlife-related recreation in the United States. In the 75-year history of the Sport Fish and Wildlife Restoration Programs, excise taxes on ﬁrearms, ammunition, archery, and angling equipment have generated a cumulative total of more than $10 billion for wildlife conservation efforts by State and Territorial wildlife agencies for ﬁsh and wildlife management. My thanks go to the men and women who took time to participate in the survey, as well as to the State ﬁsh and wildlife agencies for their ﬁnancial support through the Multistate State Conservation Grant Programs. Without that support, the 2006 Survey would never have been possible. I am comforted to know that my children and all Americans will have the opportunity to appreciate our Nation’s rich wildlife tradition. Along with a record number of Americans, we continue to enjoy wildlife. We are laying the foundation for conservation’s future. H. Dale Hall Director, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service vi 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Survey Background and Method The National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation (Survey) has been conducted since 1955 and is one of the oldest and most comprehensive continuing recreation surveys. The Survey collects information on the number of anglers, hunters, and wildlife watchers; how often they participate; and how much they spend on their activities in the United States. Preparations for the 2006 Survey began in 2004 when the Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies (AFWA) recommended that the Fish and Wildlife Service conduct the eleventh Survey of wildlife-related recreation. Funding came from the Multistate Conservation Grant Programs, authorized by Sport Fish and Wildlife Restoration Acts, as amended. We consulted with State and Federal agencies and nongovernmental organizations such as the Wildlife Management Institute and American Sportﬁshing Association to determine survey content. Other sportspersons’ organizations and conservation groups, industry representatives, and researchers also provided valuable advice. Four regional technical committees were set up under the auspices of the AFWA to ensure that State ﬁsh and wildlife agencies had an opportunity to participate in all phases of survey planning and design. The committees were made up of agency representatives. Data collection for the Survey was carried out by the U.S. Census Bureau in two phases. The ﬁrst phase was the screen which began in April 2006. During this phase the Census Bureau interviewed a sample of 85,000 households nationwide to determine who in the household had ﬁshed, hunted, or wildlife watched in 2005, and who had engaged or planned to engage in those activities in 2006. In most cases, one adult household member provided information for all members. The screen primarily covered 2005 activities while the next, more in-depth phase covered 2006 activities. For more information on 2005 data, refer to Appendix B. The second phase of data collection consisted of three detailed interview waves. The ﬁrst began in April 2006 concurrent with the screen, the second in September 2006, and the last in January 2007. Interviews were conducted with samples of likely anglers, hunters, and wildlife watchers who were identiﬁed in the initial screening phase. Interviews were conducted primarily by phone, with in-person interviews for respondents who could not be reached by phone. Respondents in the second survey phase were limited to those who were at least 16 years old. Each respondent provided information pertaining only to his or her activities and expenditures. Sample sizes were designed to provide statistically reliable results at the state level. Altogether, interviews were completed with 21,938 anglers and hunters and 11,279 wildlife watchers. More detailed information on sampling procedures and response rates is found in Appendix D. Comparability With Previous Surveys The 2006 survey questions and methodology were similar to those used in the 2001, 1996, and 1991 Surveys. Therefore, the estimates are comparable. The methodology of these Surveys did differ importantly from the 1985 and 1980 Surveys, so these estimates are not directly comparable to those of earlier surveys. Changes in methodology included reducing the recall period over which respondents had to report their activities and expenditures. Previous Surveys used a 12-month recall period, which resulted in greater reporting bias. Research found that the amount of activity and expenditures reported in 12-month recall surveys was overestimated in comparison with that reported using shorter recall periods. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation vii Highlights Introduction The National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation reports results from interviews with U.S. residents about their ﬁshing, hunting, and wildlife watching. This report focuses on 2006 participation and expenditures of persons 16 years of age and older. However, in addition to 2006 estimates, we also provide trend information in the Highlights section and Appendix C of the report. The 2006 numbers reported can be compared with those in the 1991, 1996, and 2001 Survey reports because they used similar methodologies. However, 2006 estimates should not be directly compared with results from Surveys conducted earlier than 1991 because of changes in methodology to improve accuracy. The report also provides information on participation in wildlife recreation in 2005, particularly of persons 6 to 15 years of age. The 2005 information is provided in Appendix B. Information about the Survey’s scope and coverage is in Appendix D. The remainder of this section deﬁnes important terms used in the Survey. whether they were licensed. The ﬁshing and hunting sections report information for three groups: (1) sportspersons, (2) anglers, and (3) hunters. those who use special methods such as ﬁshing with spears. Three types of ﬁshing are reported: (1) freshwater, excluding the Great Lakes, (2) Great Lakes, and (3) saltwater. Since many anglers participated in more than one type of ﬁshing, the total number of anglers is less than the sum of the three types of ﬁshing. Sportspersons Sportspersons are those who ﬁshed or hunted. Individuals who ﬁshed or hunted commercially in 2006 are reported as sportspersons only if they also ﬁshed or hunted for recreation. The sportspersons group is composed of three subgroups as shown in the diagram below: (1) those that ﬁshed and hunted, (2) those that only ﬁshed, and (3) those that only hunted. The total number of sportspersons is equal to the sum of people who only ﬁshed, only hunted, and both hunted and ﬁshed. It is not the sum of all anglers and all hunters because those people who both ﬁshed and hunted are included in both the angler and hunter population and would be incorrectly counted twice. Hunters Hunters are sportspersons who only hunted plus those who hunted and ﬁshed. Hunters include not only licensed hunters using riﬂes and shotguns but also those who had no license and those who hunted with a bow and arrow, primitive ﬁrearm, or pistol or handgun. Four types of hunting are reported: (1) big game, (2) small game, (3) migratory bird, and (4) other animals. Since many hunters participated in more than one type of hunting, the sum of hunters for big game, small game, migratory bird, and other animals exceeds the total number of hunters. Sportspersons Anglers Hunters Wildlife Watchers Since 1980, the National Survey has included information on wildlifewatching activities in addition to ﬁshing and hunting. The 1991, 1996, 2001, and 2006 Surveys, unlike the 1980 and 1985 Surveys, collected data only for activities where the primary purpose was wildlife watching. The 1980 and 1985 Surveys included estimates of unplanned wildlife watching around the home and while on trips taken for another purpose. The 2006 Survey uses a strict deﬁnition of wildlife watching. Participants must either take a “special interest” in wildlife around their homes or take a trip for the “primary purpose” of Wildlife-Associated Recreation Wildlife-associated recreation is ﬁshing, hunting, and wildlife-watching activities. These categories are not mutually exclusive because many individuals participated in more than one activity. Wildlife-associated recreation is reported in two major categories: (1) ﬁshing and hunting and (2) wildlife watching, which includes observing, photographing, and feeding ﬁsh or wildlife. Fished only Fished and hunted Hunted only Anglers Anglers are sportspersons who only ﬁshed plus those who ﬁshed and hunted. Anglers include not only licensed hook and line anglers, but also those who have no license and Fishing and Hunting This Survey reports information about residents of the United States who ﬁshed or hunted in 2006, regardless of 2 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service wildlife watching. Secondary wildlife watching, such as incidentally observing wildlife while pleasure driving, is not included. Two types of wildlife watching are reported: (1) away-from-home (formerly nonresidential) activities and (2) around-the-home (formerly residential) activities. Because some people participated in more than one type of wildlife watching, the sum of participants in each type will be greater than the total number of wildlife watchers. The two types of wildlife-watching activity are explained next. Away-From-Home Wildlife Watching This group includes persons who took trips or outings of at least 1 mile from home for the primary purpose of observing, feeding, or photographing ﬁsh and wildlife. Trips to ﬁsh, hunt, or scout and trips to zoos, circuses, aquariums, and museums are not considered wildlife-watching activities. Around-The-Home Wildlife Watching This group includes those who participated within 1 mile of home and involves one or more of the following: (1) closely observing or trying to identify birds or other wildlife; (2) photographing wildlife; (3) feeding birds or other wildlife; (4) maintaining natural areas of at least 1/4 acre where beneﬁt to wildlife is the primary concern; (5) maintaining plantings (shrubs, agricultural crops, etc.) where beneﬁt to wildlife is the primary concern; or (6) visiting public parks within 1 mile of home for the primary purpose of observing, feeding, or photographing wildlife. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation 3 Summary The 2006 Survey found that 87.5 million U.S. residents 16 years old and older participated in wildlife-related recreation. During that year, 30.0 million people ﬁshed, 12.5 million hunted, and 71.1 million participated in at least one type of wildlife-watching activity such as observing, feeding, or photographing ﬁsh and other wildlife in the United States. The focus of the National Survey is to estimate participation and expenditures of persons 16 years old and older in a single year. These estimates are based on data collected in the detailed phase of the 2006 Survey. They are comparable to estimates from the 1991, 1996, and 2001 Surveys but not with earlier ones because of changes in methodology. A complete explanation of the change is provided in Appendix C. While the focus of the Survey is to estimate wildlife-related recreationists 16 years old and older and their associated expenditures in a single year, information collected in the survey screen can be used to estimate the number of anglers and hunters who were active over a ﬁve-year window of time. Because many do not participate every year, the following estimates may be more representative of the number of individuals considered to be anglers and hunters in the United States: 44.4 million individuals ﬁshed and 18.6 million hunted in the United States over the ﬁve-year period from 2002 to 2006. The survey screen also provides some information about 6-to-15-year-olds’ participation. Assuming their proportion of participation was the same in 2006 as in 2005, the following estimates were calculated: of the 6-to15-year-olds in the United States, 1.6 million hunted, 8.3 million ﬁshed, and 12 million wildlife watched in 2006. More information about this age group is provided in Appendix B. For the rest of this report, all information pertains to participants 16 years old and older. There was a considerable overlap in activities among anglers, hunters, and wildlife watchers. In 2006, 68 percent of all hunters also ﬁshed and 29 percent of all anglers also hunted. In addition, 52 percent of anglers and 57 percent of hunters wildlife watched, while 25 percent of all wildlife watchers reported hunting and/or ﬁshing during the year. Wildlife recreationists’ avidity also is reﬂected in the $122.3 billion they spent in 2006 on their activities, which equated to 1 percent of the Gross Domestic Product. Of the total amount spent, $37.4 billion was trip-related, $64.1 billion was spent on equipment, and $20.7 billion was spent on other items such as licenses and land leasing and ownership. Sportspersons spent a total of $76.7 billion in 2006—$42.0 billion on ﬁshing, $22.9 billion on hunting, and $11.7 billion on items used for both hunting and ﬁshing. Wildlife watchers spent $45.7 billion on their activities around the home and on trips away from home. Fishing and Hunting In 2006, 33.9 million U.S. residents 16 years old and older went ﬁshing and/or Total Wildlife-Related Recreation Participants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sportspersons Total participants* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unspeciﬁed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wildlife Watchers Total participants** . . . . . . . . . . . . . Around the home . . . . . . . . . . . . . Away from home . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.1 million 67.8 million 23.0 million $45.7 billion 33.9 million 30.0 million 12.5 million 737 million 517 million 220 million $76.7 billion 42.0 billion 22.9 billion 11.7 billion 87.5 million $122.3 billion * 8.5 million both ﬁshed and hunted. ** 19.7 million both wildlife watched around the home and away from home. 4 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Expenditures for Wildlife-Related Recreation (Total expenditures: $122.3 billion) Fishing 34% $42.0 billion Unspecified 10% $11.7 billion Hunting 19% $22.9 billion Equipment 52% $64.1 billion Other 17% $20.7 billion Trip-related 31% $37.4 billion Wildlife watching 37% $45.7 billion Expenditures by Sportspersons (Total expenditures: $76.7 billion) Other 15% $11.1 billion Trip-related 32% $24.6 billion Expenditures by Wildlife-Watching Participants (Total expenditures: $45.7 billion) Other 21% $9.6 billion Equipment 53% $41.0 billion Equipment 51% $23.2 billion Trip-related 28% $12.9 billion hunting. This includes 30.0 million who ﬁshed and 12.5 million who hunted— 8.5 million both ﬁshed and hunted. In 2006, expenditures by sportspersons totaled $76.7 billion. Trip-related expenditures, including food, lodging, and transportation, were $24.6 billion—32 percent of all ﬁshing and hunting expenditures. Total equipment expenditures amounted to $41.0 billion, 53 percent of the total. Other expenditures—magazines, membership dues, contributions, land leasing and ownership, and licenses, stamps, tags, and permits—accounted for $11.1 billion, or 15 percent of all sportspersons’ expenditures. mile of home to participate in wildlifewatching activities. In 2006, wildlife watchers spent $45.7 billion. Trip-related expenses, including food, lodging, and transportation, totaled $12.9 billion, 28 percent of all expenditures. A total of $23.2 billion was spent on equipment, 51 percent of all wildlife-watching expenses. The remaining $9.6 billion, 21 percent of the total, was spent on magazines, membership dues, and contributions made to conservation or wildlife-related organizations, plantings, and land leasing and ownership for the purpose of wildlife watching. 2006. Their expenditures decreased from $79.7 billion (in 2006 dollars) in 2001 to $76.7 billion in 2006. In 2006, 30.0 million U.S. residents 16 years of age and older ﬁshed compared to 34.1 million who ﬁshed in 2001, a drop of 12 percent. The 4 percent drop in the number of hunters, 13.0 million in 2001 to 12.5 million in 2006, is not statistically signiﬁcant. Although ﬁshing participation declined from 2001 to 2006, overall expenditures for ﬁshing held steady. No expenditure category had a statistically signiﬁcant change. Hunting participation and overall hunting expenditures stayed about the same from 2001 to 2006. No expenditure category had a statistically signiﬁcant change. 2001 and 2006 Comparison Wildlife-Watching Recreation Observing, feeding, or photographing wildlife was enjoyed by 71.1 million people 16 years old and older in 2006. Among this group, 23.0 million people took trips away from home for the primary purpose of enjoying wildlife, while 67.8 million stayed within a Six percent more people 16 years of age and older participated in wildliferelated recreation in 2006 than in 2001. Although 5.2 million more people participated, there were declines in some activities. The number of sportspersons fell from 37.8 million in 2001 to 33.9 million in U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation 5 The increase in wildlife-related recreation participation from 2001 to 2006 was due to wildlife watching (observing, feeding, and photographing wildlife). During this period, the number of people wildlife watching increased by 8 percent. Although their overall expenditures showed little change, they did spend 38 percent more on trips and 18 percent more on bird food and wildlife-watching equipment (such as binoculars, cameras, bird feeders). Total expenditures over the ﬁve-year period showed little change because wildlife watchers spent 14 percent less on equipment in 2006 than in 2001. 2001–2006 Wildlife-Associated Recreation Comparison of Participants (Numbers in thousands) 2001 Number Percent Total wildlife-related recreationists . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82,302 100 Total sportspersons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total wildlife-watching participants . . . . . . . . . . . . Around the home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Away from home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37,805 34,071 13,034 66,105 62,928 21,823 46 41 16 80 76 27 2006 Number Percent 87,465 100 33,916 29,952 12,510 71,132 67,756 22,977 39 34 14 81 77 26 2001–2006 Wildlife-Associated Recreation Comparison of Expenditures (Numbers in billions of 2006 dollars) 2001 Number Percent Total wildlife-related recreation expenditures . . . . 123.4 100 Total ﬁshing and hunting expenditures . . . . . . . . . . Angling expenditures, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trip-related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Equipment, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fishing equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Auxiliary equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Special equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunting expenditures, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trip-related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Equipment, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunting equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Auxiliary equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Special equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wildlife-watching expenditures, total . . . . . . . . . . Trip-related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Equipment, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wildlife-watching equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Auxiliary equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Special equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79.7 40.6 16.7 19.3 5.3 0.8 13.2 4.6 23.5 6.0 11.8 5.2 1.4 5.2 5.7 43.7 9.3 26.8 8.4 0.8 17.6 7.7 100 100 41 48 13 2 33 11 100 26 50 22 6 22 24 100 21 61 19 2 40 17 2006 Number Percent 122.3 100 76.7 42.0 17.9 18.8 5.3 0.8 12.6 5.4 22.9 6.7 10.7 5.4 1.3 4.0 5.5 45.7 12.9 23.2 9.9 1.0 12.3 9.6 100 100 43 45 13 2 30 13 100 29 47 24 6 17 24 100 28 51 22 2 27 21 6 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Fishing Fishing Highlights In 2006, 30.0 million U.S. residents 16 years old and older enjoyed a variety of ﬁshing opportunities throughout the United States. Anglers ﬁshed 517 million days and took 403 million ﬁshing trips. They had $42.0 billion in ﬁshing-related expenses during the year. Freshwater anglers numbered 25.4 million. They ﬁshed 433 million days and took 337 million trips to freshwater in 2006. Freshwater anglers spent $26.3 billion on freshwater ﬁshing trips and equipment. Saltwater ﬁshing attracted 7.7 million anglers who enjoyed 67 million trips on 86 million days. They spent $8.9 billion on their saltwater trips and equipment. Fishing Anglers Freshwater Saltwater 517 million Total Fishing Anglers . . . . . . . . Freshwater . . . . Saltwater . . . . . 30.0 million 25.4 million 7.7 million 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Million 403 million Days . . . . . . . . . . 516.8 million Freshwater . . . . 433.3 million Saltwater . . . . . 85.7 million Trips . . . . . . . . . . 403.5 million Freshwater . . . . 336.5 million Saltwater . . . . . 67.0 million 433 337 Expenditures . . . $42.0 billion Freshwater . . . . 26.3 billion Saltwater . . . . . 8.9 billion Nonspeciﬁc . . . 6.8 billion 86 Total Freshwater Saltwater Anglers Days 67 Trips Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. Source: Tables 1, 12, 13, and 16. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. 8 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Fishing Expenditures Anglers spent $42.0 billion in 2006 including $17.9 billion on travel-related items—43 percent of all ﬁshing expenditures. Food and lodging accounted for $6.3 billion, 35 percent of all triprelated costs. Spending on transportation totaled $5.0 billion, 28 percent of trip-related expenditures. Other trip expenditures, such as land use fees, guide fees, equipment rental, boating expenses, and bait, cost anglers $6.6 billion—37 percent of all trip expenses. Fishing equipment expenditures totaled $18.8 billion in 2006, 45 percent of all ﬁshing expenditures. Anglers spent $5.3 billion on ﬁshing equipment, such as rods, reels, tackle boxes, depth ﬁnders, and artiﬁcial lures and ﬂies. This amounted to 28 percent of all equipment expenditures. Auxiliary equipment expenditures, which includes camping equipment, binoculars, and special ﬁshing clothing, totaled $779 million—4 percent of equipment costs. Expenditures for special equipment, such as boats, vans, and cabins, were $12.6 billion—67 percent of all equipment expenditures. Anglers also spent a considerable amount on other ﬁshing-related items, such as land leasing and ownership, membership dues, contributions, licenses, stamps, and permits. Land leasing and ownership spending totaled $4.6 billion, which is 11 percent of all expenditures. Expenditures on magazines, books, membership dues, contributions, licenses, stamps, tags, and permits were $776 million. Total Fishing Expenditures Total ﬁshing expenditures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total trip-related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food and lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other trip costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total equipment expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fishing equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Auxiliary equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Special equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total other ﬁshing expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Magazines, books . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Membership dues and contributions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Land leasing and ownership . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Licenses, stamps, tags, and permits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Source: Table 12. $42.0 billion $17.9 billion 6.3 billion 5.0 billion 6.6 billion $18.8 billion 5.3 billion 0.8 billion 12.6 billion $5.4 billion 0.1 billion 0.2 billion 4.6 billion 0.5 billion Fishing Expenditures by Type of Fishing (Total expenditures: $42.0 billion) Nonspecific 16% $6.8 billion Freshwater 63% $26.3 billion Saltwater 21% $8.9 billion Percent of Total Fishing Expenditures (Total expenditures: $42.0 billion) Other 13% Equipment 45% Trip-related 43% U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation 9 Freshwater Fishing Highlights Freshwater Fishing Anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Freshwater except Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Freshwater except Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Freshwater except Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trip and equipment expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Freshwater except Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.4 million 25.0 million 1.4 million 433.3 million 419.9 million 18.0 million 336.5 million 323.3 million 13.3 million $26.3 billion 24.6 billion 1.5 billion Freshwater ﬁshing was the most popular type of ﬁshing. In 2006, 25.4 million anglers went freshwater ﬁshing for 433 million days and 337 million trips. Their expenditures for trips and equipment totaled $26.3 billion for the year. Freshwater ﬁshing can be separated into Great Lakes and freshwater other than the Great Lakes. There were 25.0 million anglers who ﬁshed for 420 million days on 323 million trips to freshwater other than the Great Lakes. Trip and equipment expenditures for non-Great Lakes freshwater ﬁshing totaled $24.6 billion for an average of $982 per angler. Total trip expenditures were $11.5 billion. Food and lodging composed $4.2 billion or 37 percent of total trip expenditures. Transportation costs were $3.7 billion or 32 percent. Other trip expenses, which include guide fees, equipment rental, and bait, were $3.6 billion or 31 percent. Anglers spent $13.1 billion on equipment for non-Great Lakes freshwater ﬁshing. Expenditures for ﬁshing equipment, such as rods and reels, tackle boxes, depth ﬁnders, and artiﬁcial lures and ﬂies, totaled $3.4 billion. Expenditures for auxiliary equipment such as binoculars and camping equipment were $601 million. Expenditures for Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple response and nonresponse. Source: Tables 1, 13, 14, and 15. Freshwater Fishing Trip and Equipment Expenditures (Total expenditures: $26.3 billion) Great Lakes 6% $1.5 billion Freshwater except Great Lakes 94% $24.6 billion Freshwater Fishing 30 Million Great Lakes 13.4 million Days (Total: 433.3 million) Both 4.6 million 25 20 Freshwater except Great Lakes 415.3 million 15 10 Trips (Total: 336.5 million) Great Lakes 13.3 million Total Freshwater except Great Lakes Great Lakes Freshwater except Great Lakes 323.3 million 5 0 Freshwater anglers Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. 10 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service special equipment such as boats, vans, and cabins accounted for $9.1 billion. There were 1.4 million people who ﬁshed 18 million days on 13 million trips to the Great Lakes in 2006. Their Great Lakes-related expenditures totaled $1.5 billion. Trip-related expenses totaled $1.1 billion. Of these expenditures, $375 million was spent on food and lodging, 35 percent of trip costs; $238 million went for transportation, 22 percent of trip costs; and $453 million, or 43 percent, was spent on other items such as guide fees, equipment rental and bait. Equipment expenditures totaled $442 million. Of this $442 million, $165 million was for ﬁshing equipment (rods, reels, etc.), $18 million was for auxiliary equipment (camping equipment, binoculars, etc.), and $258 million was for special equipment (boats, vans, etc.). lodging was $1.7 billion or 32 percent of trip expenditures. Transportation spending totaled $1.1 billion, 20 percent of trip expenditures. Other trip expenditures, such as equipment rental, bait, and guide fees, were $2.5 billion (48 percent). Anglers spent a total of $3.6 billion on equipment for saltwater ﬁshing. Of the $3.6 billion, $1.3 billion was for ﬁshing equipment (rods, reels, etc.), $108 million was for auxiliary equipment (camping equipment, binoculars, etc.), and $2.2 billion was for special equipment (boats, vans, etc.). Saltwater Fishing Highlights In 2006, 7.7 million anglers enjoyed saltwater ﬁshing on 67 million trips totaling 86 million days. Overall, they spent $8.9 billion during the year on trips and equipment for saltwater ﬁshing. Trip-related expenditures accounted for $5.3 billion or 60 percent of the total. Spending for food and Saltwater Fishing Anglers . . . . . . . . 7.7 million Days . . . . . . . . . . 85.7 million Trips . . . . . . . . . . 67.0 million Trip and equipment expenditures . . . $8.9 billion Source: Tables 1 and 16. Comparative Trip and Equipment Expenditures Total expenses Trip-related Equipment $24.6 billion 71% 60% 47% $8.9 billion 29% 40% 53% $1.5 billion Great Lakes Saltwater Freshwater except Great Lakes Great Lakes Saltwater Freshwater except Great Lakes U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation 11 Comparative Fishing by Type of Fishing All fishing Freshwater except Great Lakes Great Lakes Saltwater Comparative Fishing Highlights In 2006, anglers spent an average of 17 days ﬁshing and took an average of 13 ﬁshing trips. Similarly, in freshwater excluding the Great Lakes, anglers ﬁshed an average of 17 days and took 13 trips. For Great Lakes ﬁshing, participants averaged 13 days of ﬁshing on an average of 9 trips. Saltwater anglers ﬁshed fewer days, averaging 11 days of ﬁshing on 9 saltwater trips. Overall, anglers spent an average of $1,407 on ﬁshing-related expenses in 2006. They averaged $597 per angler on their trips, or about $35 per day. For freshwater ﬁshing excluding the Great Lakes, participants averaged $460 in trip-related expenses in 2006, equaling $27 per day. For ﬁshing in the Great Lakes, participants averaged $751 in trip-related expenses, equaling $59 per day. Anglers in saltwater averaged trip expenditures of $686 per participant, which amounts to approximately $62 per day. 17 17 Days per angler 13 11 13 Trips per angler 9 9 13 $597 Trip expenditures per angler $460 $751 $686 $35 Trip expenditures per day $27 $59 $62 Fishing for Selected Fish The most popular ﬁsh species among the 25.0 million anglers who ﬁshed freshwater other than the Great Lakes was black bass. Ten million spent 161 million days ﬁshing for black bass. Following black bass in popularity were several species with a similar number of anglers and days of ﬁshing. Panﬁsh were pursued by 7.5 million anglers on 102 million days. Catﬁsh and bullheads drew 7.0 million anglers on 98 million days. About 6.8 million anglers ﬁshed for trout on 76 million days. Crappie ﬁshing attracted 6.2 million anglers on 91 million days. Three species were very close in popularity among Great Lakes anglers. Walleye and sauger attracted nearly 500 thousand anglers, as did perch. Anglers ﬁshed for walleye and sauger for 4.9 million days and for perch, 5.5 million days. Salmon followed closely with 418 thousand anglers ﬁshing for 5.7 million days. Lake trout, black bass and steelhead were also popular Great Lakes species, as they were pursued by 328 thousand, 298 thousand, and 201 thousand anglers, respectively. Among the 7.7 million saltwater anglers, 2.1 million ﬁshed for ﬂatﬁsh, which includes ﬂounder and halibut, on 21 million days. Redﬁsh (red drum) followed in popularity with 1.8 million Selected Fish by Type of Fishing (In millions) Type of ﬁshing Freshwater except Great Lakes, total . . . . . . . . . . . . Black bass. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Panﬁsh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Catﬁsh/bullhead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Crappie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . White bass, striped bass, and striped bass hybrids . . Great Lakes, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Walleye, sauger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Perch. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Salmon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lake trout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Black bass. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Steelhead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Saltwater, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Flatﬁsh (ﬂounder, halibut) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Redﬁsh (red drum) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sea trout (weak ﬁsh). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Striped bass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Blueﬁsh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Salmon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Source: Tables 3, 4, and 5. Anglers 25.0 10.0 7.5 7.0 6.8 6.2 4.8 1.4 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 7.7 2.1 1.8 1.5 1.4 1.0 0.6 Days 419.9 161.0 101.6 98.2 75.5 90.7 65.2 18.0 4.9 5.5 5.7 4.4 2.9 1.9 85.7 20.5 20.2 18.2 15.4 9.9 3.4 12 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service anglers ﬁshing for 20 million days. Also popular were sea trout and striped bass with 1.5 and 1.4 million anglers who ﬁshed for 18.2 and 15.4 million days, respectively. Other prominent saltwater species were blueﬁsh with 1.0 million anglers and salmon with nearly 600 thousand anglers. Of the 25.0 million non-Great Lakes freshwater anglers, 93 percent, 23.3 million, ﬁshed within their resident state. About 4.6 million, 18 percent, of these freshwater anglers ﬁshed out of state. Eighty-three percent, 1.2 million, of all Great Lakes anglers enjoyed ﬁshing within their home state in 2006. Twenty-two percent, 306 thousand, of all Great Lakes anglers ﬁshed out of state. Of the three different types of ﬁshing, saltwater ﬁshing had both the highest percentage of anglers ﬁshing outside their resident state, 28 percent, and the lowest percentage ﬁshing within their resident state, 79 percent. Nonresident saltwater anglers numbered 2.2 million and resident anglers 6.1 million. Participation by Geographic Region In 2006, 229 million people 16 years old and older lived in the United States and 1 of every 8 of these U.S. residents went ﬁshing. While the national participation rate was 13 percent, the regional rates ranged from 8 percent in the Middle Atlantic and Paciﬁc to 21 percent in the West North Central. The West North Central, East North Central, East South Central, West South Central, and South Atlantic all reported participation rates above the national rate. The Mountain region tied the national rate at 13 percent, and New England was below the national rate at 11 percent. Fishing Participation (National participation rate: 13%) AK WA Mountain 13% MT West North Central 21% ND MN East North Central 15% WI MI New England 11% NH VT ME Pacific 8% OR ID WY SD MA NY RI PA OH WV KY VA NC SC CT NJ DE MD DC Fishing in State of Residence and in Other States A large majority of the 30.0 million anglers who ﬁshed in 2006 did so within their home state. Approximately 27.6 million participants, 92 percent of all anglers, ﬁshed in their resident state. Nearly 6.5 million, 22 percent, ﬁshed out of state. Percentages do not add to 100 because those anglers who ﬁshed both in state and out of state were included in both categories. IA NV CA UT CO KS MO NE IL IN Middle Atlantic 8% AZ TN NM OK AR MS TX LA FL AL GA South Atlantic 14% HI West South Central 16% East South Central 18% Fishing in State of Residence and in Other States (In millions) Out of In state state Total anglers . . . . . 27.6 Freshwater except Great Lakes . . . 23.3 Great Lakes . . . . 1.2 Saltwater . . . . . . . 6.1 Source: Table 2. Percent of All Fishing—in State of Residence and in Other States (Total: 30.0 million participants) In state of residence and other states 14% In other states only 8% 6.5 4.6 0.3 2.2 In state of residence only 78% U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation 13 Types of Freshwater Fished, Excluding Great Lakes (In millions) Anglers Total freshwater excluding Great Lakes Lakes and reservoirs Rivers and streams 11.3 21.1 25.0 Types of Freshwater Fished, Excluding Great Lakes Excluding the Great Lakes, 84 percent or 21.1 million of all freshwater anglers ﬁshed in reservoirs, lakes, and ponds. Forty-ﬁve percent or 11.3 million ﬁshed in rivers and streams. They spent 304 million days ﬁshing in lakes, reservoirs, and ponds and 136 million days ﬁshing in rivers and streams. Great Lakes Anglers Great Lakes ﬁshing includes not only the Great Lakes, but also their tributaries—bodies of water that connect the Great Lakes—and the St. Lawrence River south of the bridge at Cornwall. The most popular of the Lakes among anglers was Lake Erie, attracting 37 percent of all the Great Lakes anglers. They averaged 9 days of ﬁshing in Lake Erie during 2006. Lake Michigan ranked second in popularity, hosting 33 percent of Great Lakes anglers who ﬁshed there for an average of 12 days. Lake Ontario attracted 15 percent of the anglers, 218 thousand, who averaged 6 ﬁshing days. The tributaries to the Lakes drew 9 percent of Great Lakes anglers who averaged 9 days per angler. Lake Huron drew 7 percent, 93 thousand anglers, who averaged 9 days of ﬁshing. Days Total freshwater excluding Great Lakes Lakes and reservoirs Rivers and streams 136.0 304.5 419.9 Great Lakes Fishing Anglers (thousands) Total, all Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,420 Lake Erie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 526 Lake Michigan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 474 Lake Ontario . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218 Tributaries to the Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 Lake Huron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *93 Lake Superior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *89 St. Lawrence River . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... Lake St. Clair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. ... Sample size too small to report data reliably. Source: Table 26. Percentage of all Great Lakes anglers 100 37 33 15 9 7 6 ... ... 14 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Sex and Age of Anglers Although more men than women ﬁshed in 2006, a substantial number of women ﬁshed as well. Twenty percent of all males 16 years and older went ﬁshing, while 6 percent of females ﬁshed. Of the 30.0 million anglers who ﬁshed in the United States, 75 percent, 22.3 million, were male and 25 percent, 7.6 million, were female. Of the age categories, 7.5 million anglers, 25 percent of all anglers, were 35 to 44 years old. Their participation rate was also the highest at 17 percent. They were followed by 6.6 million anglers 45 to 54 years old who composed 22 percent of all anglers and had a participation rate of 15 percent. Next came the 25-to-34-year-old age group with 4.9 million participants who accounted for 16 percent of all anglers and had a participation rate of 13 percent. The 4.6 million 55-to-64year-olds who ﬁshed accounted for 15 percent of all anglers and had a participation rate of 14 percent. Anglers 65 years old and older numbered 2.8 million, 10 percent of total anglers, and had a 7 percent participation rate. The 2.4 million anglers 18 to 24 years old made up 8 percent of the angler population, and they had a participation rate of 10 percent. The 16- and 17-yearolds added 1.1 million individuals to the angler population. They made up 4 percent of the total angler population and had a 13 percent participation rate. Percent of Males and Females Who Fished in the United States Males Females 6% 20% Percent of Anglers by Sex Females 25% Males 75% Percent of Anglers by Age 16 and 17 4% 18 to 24 8% 25 to 34 16% 65 and older 10% 55 to 64 15% 45 to 54 22% 35 to 44 25% Percent of U.S. Population Who Fished by Age Anglers by Sex and Age Total, both sexes . . 30.0 million Male . . . . . . . . . . 22.3 million Female . . . . . . . . 7.6 million Total, all ages . . . . . 30.0 million 16 and 17 . . . . . . 1.1 million 18 to 24. . . . . . . . 2.4 million 25 to 34. . . . . . . . 4.9 million 35 to 44. . . . . . . . 7.5 million 45 to 54. . . . . . . . 6.6 million 55 to 64. . . . . . . . 4.6 million 65 and older . . . . 2.8 million Source: Table 9. 16 and 17 18 to 24 25 to 34 35 to 44 45 to 54 55 to 64 65 and older 7% 15% 14% 10% 13% 17% 13% U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation 15 Percent of Anglers by Residence Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Anglers While residents of metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs)1 had lower participation rates in ﬁshing than non-MSA residents, they still accounted for the majority of anglers. Eleven percent of all MSA residents ﬁshed in 2006, but they composed 73 percent of all anglers. By comparison, non-MSA residents composed 27 percent of all anglers, but their participation rate was more than twice as high at 21 percent. Larger MSAs had lower participation rates in ﬁshing than smaller MSAs but composed more of the angler population. Large MSAs with populations of 1,000,000 or more had the lowest participation rate at 10 percent, but they made up 39 percent of all anglers. Medium MSAs with a population of 250,000 to 999,999 had a 13 percent participation rate and represented 20 percent of all anglers. Those MSAs with populations under 250,000 had a participation rate of 18 percent and composed 14 percent of all anglers. Large MSA 39% Outside MSA 27% Small MSA 14% Medium MSA 20% Percent of U.S. Population Who Fished by Residence (Total U.S. population that fished: 13%) Large MSA (1,000,000 or more) Medium MSA (250,000 to 999,999) Small MSA (249,999 or less) Outside MSA 10% 13% 18% 21% Household Income of Anglers Percent of U.S. Population Who Fished by Household Income Less than $10,000 $10,000 to $19,999 $20,000 to $24,999 $25,000 to $29,999 $30,000 to $34,999 $35,000 to $39,999 $40,000 to $49,999 $50,000 to $74,999 $75,000 to $99,999 $100,000 or more 7% 9% 13% 13% 14% 15% 16% 18% 19% 18% The participation rate in ﬁshing tended to increase as household income increased. The participation rate is the percent of each income group that ﬁshed. The rate for those who reported incomes of $75,000 to $99,999 was the highest at 19 percent. Those with incomes of $50,000 to $74,999 and $100,000 or more had a slightly lower rate at 18 percent. The participation rate declined as income decreased. Those with incomes $40,000 to $49,999 participated at a 16 percent rate, and it declined steadily to 15 percent among those with incomes $35,000 to $39,999, 14 percent among those with incomes $30,000 to $34,999, and 13 percent among those with incomes $20,000 to $29,999. Those with incomes under $20,000 had the lowest participation rates at under 10 percent. The majority of anglers had household incomes of $50,000 or more. Among anglers who reported income, 59 percent were from households with incomes of $50,000 or more and 41 percent were from households with incomes of less than $50,000. 1 See Appendix A for deﬁnition of metropolitan statistical area. 16 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Education, Race, and Ethnicity People of all educational backgrounds had similar participation rates. Those with 11 years of education or less and those with 5 years of college or more had participation rates of 12 percent. Those with 12 years of education and those with 4 years of college had participation rates of 13 percent. Those with 1 to 3 years of college had the highest participation rate at 14 percent. While the highest participation rate is among those with 1 to 3 years of college, those with 12 years of education make up the largest share of anglers. Thirty-four percent or 10.3 million anglers have 12 years of education. Fishing was most popular among Whites and those identiﬁed as other races. Whites participated at a 15 percent rate. Other races, which include Native Americans, Paciﬁc Islanders, and those of mixed race, participated at a 16 percent rate. Blacks and Asians participated at comparatively lower rates at 6 percent and 3 percent, respectively. Of all anglers, 92 percent were White, 5 percent were Black, 1 percent was Asian, and 2 percent were other races. Hispanics, who represent a growing percentage of the U.S. population, ﬁshed at a much lower rate than nonHispanics. Five percent of Hispanics ﬁshed in 2006 compared to 14 percent of non-Hispanics. The 1.6 million Hispanics who ﬁshed in 2006 made up 5 percent of all anglers. Percent of Anglers by Education 11 years or less 13% 5 years or more of college 10% 4 years of college 17% 12 years 34% 1 to 3 years of college 25% Percent of U.S. Population Who Fished by Education 11 years or less 12 years 1 to 3 years of college 4 years of college 5 years or more of college 12% 13% 14% 13% 12% Percent of Anglers by Race Other 2% Asian 1% Black 5% White 92% Anglers by Education, Race, and Ethnicity (In millions) Total anglers . . . . . . . . . . . 30.0 Education 11 years or less . . . . . . . . 12 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 to 3 years . . . . . . . . . . . 4 years of college . . . . . . 5 years or more of college 4.0 10.3 7.6 5.1 2.9 Percent of U.S. Population Who Fished by Race White Black Asian Other 3% 16% 6% 15% Race White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.5 Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5 Asian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3 Other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.6 Ethnicity Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6 Non-Hispanic . . . . . . . . . 28.4 Percent of U.S. Population Who Fished by Ethnicity Non-Hispanic 14% 5% Source: Table 9. Hispanic U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation 17 1996–2006 Comparison of Fishing Activity In 2006, participation for all types of ﬁshing was down signiﬁcantly from both 1996 and 2001. The majority of the downturn occurred over the ﬁve-year period from 2001 to 2006. As a result, the percent changes from 1996 to 2006 and 2001 to 2006 are similar. The total number of anglers fell 15 percent from 1996 to 2006 and 12 percent from 2001 to 2006. Over the ten years from 1996 to 2006 and the ﬁve years between 2001 and 2006, ﬁshing in the Great Lakes experienced the greatest downturn at 30 percent and 23 percent, respectively. Fishing in freshwater other than the Great Lakes fared the best with a decline of only 13 percent between 1996 and 2006 and a decline of only 10 percent between 2001 to 2006. The decline in saltwater ﬁshing was between these two with an 18 percent decline from 1996 to 2006 and a 15 percent decline from 2001 to 2006. The trend in ﬁshing days was similar to that of total participants. For all types of ﬁshing, there was a decline of 7 percent in the number of ﬁshing days from 2001 to 2006. As with anglers, the decline in days from 2001 to 2006 was sharpest for Great Lakes ﬁshing at 22 percent, which was followed by saltwater ﬁshing at 6 percent. The decline among freshwater other than Great Lakes ﬁshing was the least at 5 percent. Overall, the decline in days from 2001 to 2006 was not as large as the decline in the number of anglers. This indicates that the average number of days ﬁshing by anglers increased over the period. The trend in ﬁshing expenditures is different from that of total participants. Fishing-related expenditures declined signiﬁcantly from 1996 to 2006 but remained roughly the same from 2001 to 2006. Total ﬁshing expenditures fell 13 percent from 1996 to 2006 and increased 4 percent from 2001 to 2006, but this is not a statistically signiﬁcant change. None of the changes from 2001 to 2006 were signiﬁcant. Number of Anglers (Millions) Days of Fishing (Millions) Fishing Expenditures (Billions of 2006 dollars) $48.6 35.2 34.1 30.0 625.9 557.4 516.8 $40.6 $42.0 1996 2001 2006 1996 2001 2006 1996 2001 2006 18 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 1996–2006 Fishing Participants, Days, and Expenditures (U.S. population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) 1996 Number Percent 35,246 100 29,734 87 28,921 85 2,039 7 9,438 25 625,893 515,115 485,474 20,095 103,034 $48,565,444 19,763,326 24,636,355 6,821,115 1,332,134 16,483,106 4,165,763 100 82 78 3 16 100 41 51 14 3 34 9 2006 Percent 100 85 84 5 26 100 84 81 3 17 100 43 45 13 2 30 13 1996–2006 percent change –15 –14 –13 –30 –18 –17 –16 –13 –10* –17 –13 –10* –24 –22 –42 –23* 29* Anglers, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . All freshwater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Freshwater, except Great Lakes . . Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Saltwater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Days, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . All freshwater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Freshwater, except Great Lakes . . Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Saltwater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fishing, total (2006 dollars) . . . . . . . . . Trip-related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fishing equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . Auxiliary equipment . . . . . . . . . . . Special equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Number 29,952 25,431 25,035 1,420 7,717 516,781 433,337 419,942 18,016 85,663 $42,011,124 17,878,560 18,757,370 5,332,401 778,740 12,646,229 5,375,195 * Not different from zero at the 5 percent level of signiﬁcance. 2001–2006 Fishing Participants, Days, and Expenditures (U.S. population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) 2001 Number Percent 34,071 100 28,439 83 27,913 82 1,847 5 9,051 27 557,394 466,984 443,247 23,138 90,838 $40,560,198 16,682,925 19,309,578 5,256,228 820,770 13,232,580 4,567,694 100 84 80 4 16 100 41 48 13 2 33 11 2006 Number Percent 29,952 100 25,431 85 25,035 84 1,420 5 7,717 26 516,781 433,337 419,942 18,016 85,663 $42,011,124 17,878,560 18,757,370 5,332,401 778,740 12,646,229 5,375,195 100 84 81 3 17 100 43 45 13 2 30 13 2001–2006 percent change –12 –11 –10 –23 –15 –7 –7 –5* –22* –6* 4* 7* –3* 1* –5* –4* 18* Anglers, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . All freshwater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Freshwater, except Great Lakes . . Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Saltwater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Days, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . All freshwater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Freshwater, except Great Lakes . . Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Saltwater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fishing, total (2006 dollars) . . . . . . . . . Trip-related. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fishing equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . Auxiliary equipment . . . . . . . . . . . Special equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * Not different from zero at the 5 percent level of signiﬁcance. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation 19 Hunting Hunting Highlights In 2006, 12.5 million people 16 years old and older enjoyed hunting a variety of animals within the United States. They hunted 220 million days and took 185 million trips. Hunting expenditures totaled $22.9 billion. Big game hunting was the most popular type of hunting. An estimated 10.7 million hunters pursued big game, such as deer and elk, on 164 million days. Big game related-expenditures on trips and equipment totaled $11.8 billion. There were 4.8 million hunters of small game including squirrels and rabbits. They hunted small game on 52 million days and spent $2.4 billion on small game hunting trips and equipment. Migratory bird hunters numbered 2.3 million. They spent 20.0 million days hunting birds such as waterfowl and dove. Migratory bird-related trip and equipment expenditures totaled $1.3 billion. About 1.1 million hunters sought other animals, such as raccoons and groundhogs, on 15 million days, and their expenditures on trips and equipment were $208 million. Hunting Million 220 million Big game Small game Migratory bird Other animals Total Hunting Hunters. . . . . . . . . . 12.5 million Big game . . . . . . 10.7 million Small game . . . . . 4.8 million Migratory bird . . 2.3 million Other animal . . . . 1.1 million Days . . . . . . . . . . . . 220 million Big game . . . . . . 164 million Small game . . . . . 52 million Migratory bird . . 20 million Other animal . . . . 15 million Trips . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 million Big game . . . . . . 115 million Small game . . . . . 41 million Migratory bird . . 16 million Other animal . . . . 13 million Expenditures . . . . . $22.9 billion Big game . . . . . . 11.8 billion Small game . . . . . 2.4 billion Migratory bird . . 1.3 billion Other animal . . . . 0.2 billion Nonspeciﬁc. . . . . 7.1 billion Source: Tables 1 and 17–21. 14 12 10 185 million 8 6 115 4 2 0 Total hunting Big game Small Migratory Other game bird animals 164 52 20 15 41 16 13 Hunters Days Trips Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. 22 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Hunting Expenditures Of the $22.9 billion spent by hunters in 2006, 29 percent, $6.7 billion, was spent on trip-related expenses. Food and lodging totaled $2.8 billion, 42 percent of all trip-related expenses. Transportation spending was $2.7 billion, 40 percent of trip expenditures. Other trip expenses, such as guide fees, land use fees, and equipment rental, were $1.2 billion or 18 percent of all trip-related expenses. Total equipment expenditures for hunting were $10.7 billion in 2006, 47 percent of all hunting expenses. Hunting equipment, such as guns and riﬂes, telescopic sights, and ammunition, composed $5.4 billion or 50 percent of all equipment costs. Expenditures for auxiliary equipment, including camping equipment, binoculars, and special hunting clothing, accounted for $1.3 billion or 12 percent of all equipment expenses. Special equipment, such as campers or all-terrain vehicles, amounted to $4.0 billion or 38 percent of all equipment expenditures. Land leasing and ownership for hunting was a large expenditure category. Hunters spent $4.4 billion on land leasing and ownership, which was 19 percent of all hunting-related expenditures. Expenditures for magazines, books, membership dues, contributions, licenses, stamps, tags, and permits totaled $1.1 billion or 5 percent. Total Hunting Expenditures Total hunting expenditures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total trip-related expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food and lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other trip costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total equipment expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunting equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Auxiliary equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Special equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total other hunting expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Magazines, books . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Membership dues and contributions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Land leasing and ownership . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Licenses, stamps, tags, and permits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Source: Table 17. $22.9 billion $6.7 billion 2.8 billion 2.7 billion 1.2 billion $10.7 billion 5.4 billion 1.3 billion 4.0 billion $5.5 billion 0.1 billion 0.3 billion 4.4 billion 0.7 billion Hunting Expenditures by Type of Hunting (Total expenditures: $22.9 billion) Other animals $0.2 billion 1% Migratory bird $1.3 billion 6% Nonspecific $7.1 billion 31% Small game $2.4 billion 10% Big game $11.8 billion 51% Percent of Total Hunting Expenditures (Total expenditures: $22.9 billion) Other 24% Equipment 47% Trip-related 29% U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation 23 Big Game Hunting In 2006, a majority of hunters, 10.7 million, devoted 164 million days to hunting big game including deer, elk, bear, and wild turkey. They took 115 million trips and spent an average of 15 days hunting big game. Trip and equipment expenditures for big game hunting totaled $11.8 billion. Trip-related expenses were $4.6 billion. Of that amount, food and lodging accounted for $2.0 billion or 42 percent of all trip-related costs. Transportation costs reached $1.8 billion, 39 percent of trip costs. Other trip-related expenses amounted to $868 million or 19 percent of trip costs. Sixty percent of big game-related expenditures was on equipment, which totaled $7.1 billion. Hunting equipment, which includes ﬁrearms, ammunition, bows, and arrows, accounted for $3.0 billion or 42 percent of all equipment. Purchases of auxiliary equipment, such as tents and binoculars, totaled $1.1 billion (15 percent). Special equipment, such as campers and all-terrain vehicles, accounted for $3.0 billion (43 percent). totaled $1.2 billion. Spending on food and lodging was $510 million or 43 percent of all trip expenditures. Transportation costs totaled $535 million or 45 percent of small game trip expenses. Other trip-related expenditures were $151 million or 13 percent of all trip costs. Equipment expenditures for small game hunting were $1.2 billion. Of that amount, hunting equipment accounted for $776 million (66 percent), auxiliary equipment accounted for $62 million (5 percent), and special equipment accounted for $331 million (28 percent). Small Game Hunting Small game, such as rabbits, squirrels, pheasants, quail, and grouse, was also popular with 4.8 million hunters who pursued small game on a total of 52 million days. They took 41 million trips and averaged 11 days in the ﬁeld hunting small game. These hunters spent $2.4 billion on trips and equipment for small game hunting. Trip-related expenditures Big Game Hunters . . . . . . . . . 10.7 million Days . . . . . . . . . . . 164 million Trips . . . . . . . . . . . 115 million Trip and equipment expenditures . . . . $11.8 billion Source: Tables 1 and 18. Big Game Hunting Trip and Equipment Expenditures (Total expenditures: $11.8 billion) Equipment Trip-related $4.6 billion $7.1 billion Small Game Hunting Trip and Equipment Expenditures Small Game Hunters . . . . . . . . . Days . . . . . . . . . . . Trips . . . . . . . . . . . Trip and equipment expenditures . . . . Source: Tables 1 and 19 (Total expenditures: $2.4 billion) 4.8 million 52 million 41 million $2.4 billion Equipment Trip-related $1.2 billion $1.2 billion 24 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Migratory Bird Hunting In 2006, 2.3 million migratory bird hunters devoted 20 million days on 16 million trips for hunting birds, such as doves, ducks, and geese. Hunters averaged 9 days pursuing migratory birds for the year. Migratory bird-related spending for trips and equipment was $1.3 billion in 2006. Of this amount, $691 million was spent on hunting trips. An estimated $261 million or 38 percent of all trip expenditures were on food and lodging, and $266 million (38 percent) were on transportation. Other trip expenses were $165 million (24 percent) of the total trip-related expenditures for migratory bird hunters. Equipment purchases for migratory bird hunting totaled $658 million in 2006. Of this amount, $416 million, or 63 percent, was spent on hunting equipment (ﬁrearms, ammunition, etc.). Spending on auxiliary equipment was $68 million (10 percent) and $174 million (26 percent) was spent on special equipment. Equipment expenditures for hunting other animals totaled $65 million. For the pursuit of other animals, hunters spent $51 million on hunting equipment (ﬁrearms, ammunition, etc.) and $15 million on auxiliary equipment. Hunting Other Animals Over 1.1 million hunters reported spending 15 million days on 13 million trips pursuing other animals, such as groundhogs, raccoons, foxes, and coyotes. They averaged 13 days of hunting. These hunters spent $208 million in 2006 on trips and equipment for the pursuit of other animals. Trip-related costs totaled $143 million. Of that, food and lodging was $52 million or 36 percent of all trip costs; transportation was $84 million, 59 percent of trip expenses; and other trip expenses were $7 million, 5 percent of all trip costs. Comparative Hunting Highlights In 2006, big game hunters pursued big game an average of 15 days and 11 trips. Small game hunters pursued small game an average of 11 days and 9 trips. Migratory bird hunters hunted migratory birds an average of 9 days and 7 trips. Individuals hunting other animals did so an average of 13 days and 11 trips. Average spending on trips and equipment was about twice as high for big game hunting than for other types of hunting. For hunting big game, participants spent an average of $1,100 for the year. By comparison, spending Migratory Bird Hunters . . . . . . . . Days . . . . . . . . . . Trips . . . . . . . . . . Trip and equipment expenditures . . Source: Tables 1 and 20. Migratory Bird Hunting Trip and Equipment Expenditures 2.3 million 20 million 16 million $1.3 billion Trip-related $0.7 billion (Total expenditures: $1.3 billion) Equipment $0.7 billion Trip and Equipment Expenditures for Hunting Other Animals Other Animals Hunters . . . . . . . . 1.1 million Days . . . . . . . . . . 15 million Trips . . . . . . . . . . 13 million Trip and equipment expenditures . . $208 million Source: Tables 1 and 21. Equipment Trip-related (Total expenditures: $208 million) $65 million $143 million U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation 25 Comparative Hunting by Type of Hunting Total Big game Small game Migratory birds Other animals 18 15 Days per hunter 9 13 15 11 Trips per hunter 7 11 9 11 on small game hunting by participants averaged $493, spending on migratory bird hunting by participants averaged $588, and spending on other animal hunting averaged $184. During 2006, trip expenditures for all hunting averaged $534 per hunter, a daily average of $30. In pursuit of big game, hunters averaged trip expenditures of $435, which was $28 per day. Hunters spent an average of $249 while seeking small game ($23 per day) and spent an average of $301 ($35 per day) while pursuing migratory birds. Hunters averaged $126 ($9 per day) while pursuing other animals. Hunting for Selected Game $534 Trip expenditures per hunter $126 $30 Trip expenditures per day $28 $23 $35 $9 $435 $249 $301 Among big game species, deer was the most popular animal pursued, attracting 10.1 million hunters on 132 million days. Wild turkey attracted 2.6 million hunters on 26 million days, while elk drew 799 thousand on 7 million days, and bear 399 thousand on 3 million days. In addition, 578 thousand hunters spent 6 million days hunting other big game animals. Among small game species, rabbit was the most popular quarry with nearly 2 million small game hunters pursuing rabbits on 21 million days. Squirrels were hunted by 1.8 million participants on 19 million days, and pheasants attracted 1.6 million hunters on 12 million days. Quail was ﬂushed by 1.0 million hunters on 8 million days, while grouse and prairie chicken were pursued by 800 thousand hunters on 7 million days. In addition, 325 thousand hunters spent 4 million days hunting other small game animals. Among those hunting migratory birds, 1.1 million pursued duck on 12 million days. There were 1.2 million hunters who pursued dove on 6 million days. On 6 million days, 700 thousand hunters hunted geese in 2006. Other migratory bird species attracted 150 thousand people who hunted on 1 million days. Hunting for Selected Game (In millions) Type of hunting Big game, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Deer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wild turkey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Elk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Small game, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rabbit and hare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Squirrel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pheasant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Grouse/prairie chicken . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Quail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Migratory birds, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Doves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ducks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Geese . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Source: Table 7. Hunters 10.7 10.1 2.6 0.8 0.4 4.8 1.9 1.8 1.6 0.8 1.0 2.3 1.2 1.1 0.7 Days 164 132 26 7 3 52 21 19 12 7 8 20 6 12 6 26 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Participation by Geographic Regions Regionally, participation rates in hunting ranged from 2 percent in the Paciﬁc Region to 12 percent in the West North Central Region. The East North Central, East South Central, West South Central, and Mountain Regions also had participation rates above the national average of 5 percent. The participation rates in the South Atlantic and New England Regions were below the national average at 4 percent and 3 percent, respectively. The rate in the Middle Atlantic was equal to the average at 5 percent. Hunting in State of Residence and in Other States A large majority of participants, 96 percent or 12.0 million, hunted within their resident state. Only 1.8 million, 15 percent, hunted in another state. Percentages do not add to 100 because those who hunted both in state and out of state were included in both categories. The overall resident/nonresident division is relatively constant across all types of hunting. About 10.3 million big game hunters, 96 percent of all big game hunters, hunted within their state of residence, while 12 percent, 1.3 million people, traveled to another state to hunt big game. About 4.5 million small game hunters, 93 percent of all small game hunters, pursued game in their resident state. About 625 thousand, 13 percent, ventured across state lines to hunt small game. Ninety-ﬁve percent of all migratory bird hunters, 2.2 million participants, hunted within their resident state. Thirteen percent or 291 thousand hunted out of state. Among sportspersons who hunted other animals, 96 percent, 1.1 million, hunted in-state and 10 percent, 112 thousand participants, hunted out of state. Hunting in State of Residence and in Other States (In millions) In state All hunters . . . . . . Big game . . . . . . Small game . . . . Migratory bird . . Other animal . . . Source: Table 6. Hunting Participation (National participation rate: 5%) AK Out of state 1.8 1.3 0.6 0.3 0.1 WA 12.0 10.3 4.5 2.2 1.1 Mountain 6% MT West North Central 12% ND MN East North Central 7% WI MI New England 3% NH VT ME Pacific 2% OR ID WY SD MA NY RI PA OH WV KY VA NC SC CT NJ DE MD DC IA NV CA UT CO KS MO NE IL IN Middle Atlantic 5% AZ TN NM OK AR MS TX LA FL AL GA South Atlantic 4% HI West South Central 7% East South Central 8% U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation 27 Hunting on Public and Private Lands In 2006, 12.5 million hunters 16 years old and older hunted on public land, private land, or both. Of this number, 4.9 million or 39 percent hunted on publicly owned lands compared to 10.2 million or 82 percent who hunted on privately owned land. Some hunters hunted exclusively on public land and others hunted exclusively on private land—1.9 million, 15 percent of all hunters, used public lands only, and 7.2 million hunted only on private land, 58 percent of all hunters. Slightly over 3 million hunters, 24 percent, hunted on both public and private lands. During 2006, 4.9 million hunters used public lands on 54 million days, which represents 25 percent of all hunting days. Thirty-ﬁve percent of big game hunters pursued big game on public land for 37 million days. Thirty-ﬁve percent of all small game hunters, 1.7 million, pursued small game on public land for 13 million days. Nearly 800 thousand migratory bird hunters, 35 percent, hunted migratory birds on public lands for 6 million days. Twenty-eight percent, 311 thousand, of other animal hunters pursued their game on public land for 3 million days. The percent of hunters on private land differs little among different types of hunting. Eighty percent of big game hunters hunted on private land, which compares to 79 percent seeking small game, 76 percent seeking migratory birds, and 82 percent seeking other animals. Of all days hunting, 75 percent or 164 million were on private land. The percent of hunting days on private land varied more among types of hunting than the percent of hunters. Seventythree percent of big game and small game hunting days, 68 percent of migratory bird days, and 81 percent of other animal days were on private land. Total hunting days pursuing these species on private land were as follows: big game, 120 million; small game, 38 million; migratory birds, 13 million; and other animals, 12 million. Percent of All Hunting—in State of Residence and in Other States (Total: 12.5 million participants) In state of residence and other states 10% In other states only 4% In state of residence only 85% People Hunting on Public and Private Lands Undetermined 0.4 million Public and private 3.0 million Private only 7.2 million Public only 1.9 million 28 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Sex and Age of Hunters Of the U.S. population 16 years old and older, 10 percent of males and 1 percent of females enjoyed hunting in 2006. Of the 12.5 million participants who hunted, 91 percent (11.4 million) were male and 9 percent (1.2 million) were female. The participation rate in hunting tended to increase with age until individuals reached 35 to 44 years of age, and thereafter it declined. During 2006, 6 percent or 501 thousand 16- and 17year-olds hunted. The participation rate climbed from 4 percent of individuals 18 to 24 years old to 7 percent of those 35 to 44. After age 44 the rate declined to 6 percent of those 45 to 64 and 3 percent of those 65 and over. The majority of hunters were 35 to 44 years old. An estimated 3.1 million hunters, which was 25 percent of all hunters, were 35 to 44 years old. Individuals aged 45 to 54 were close in total number of hunters at 2.9 million. Percent of Males and Females Who Hunted in the United States Males Females 1% 10% Percent of Hunters by Sex Females 9% Males 91% Percent of Hunters by Age 16 and 17 4% 18 to 24 8% 25 to 34 16% 45 to 54 23% 35 to 44 25% 65 and older 9% 55 to 64 15% Hunters by Sex and Age Total, both sexes . . 12.5 million Male . . . . . . . . . . 11.4 million Female . . . . . . . . 1.2 million Total, all ages . . . . . 12.5 million 16 and 17 . . . . . . 0.5 million 18 to 24. . . . . . . . 1.0 million 25 to 34. . . . . . . . 2.1 million 35 to 44. . . . . . . . 3.1 million 45 to 54. . . . . . . . 2.9 million 55 to 64. . . . . . . . 1.9 million 65 and older . . . . 1.2 million 16 and 17 Source: Table 10. 18 to 24 25 to 34 35 to 44 45 to 54 55 to 64 65 and older Percent of U.S. Population Who Hunted by Age 6% 4% 5% 7% 6% 6% 3% U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation 29 Percent of Hunters by Residence Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Hunters As was the case for ﬁshing, participation rates for hunting were the lowest among residents of the largest metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs)1 and were the highest among non-MSA residents. Residents of MSAs with a population of 1 million or more hunted at a 3 percent rate, which compares to 12 percent of those who resided outside MSAs. Furthermore, the smaller the MSA the higher was the participation rate. The rate among residents of MSAs of 249,999 or less was 9 percent and among residents of MSAs with 250,000 to 999,999 inhabitants, the rate was 5 percent. Despite the lower participation rates among MSA residents, they still made up the majority of hunters. Sixty-two percent of hunters were MSA residents, 28 percent were from the largest MSAs, and 34 percent were from smaller to mid-sized MSAs. 9% 12% Large MSA 28% Outside MSA 38% Medium MSA 17% Small MSA 17% Percent of U.S. Population Who Hunted by Residence (Total U.S. population that hunted: 5%) Large MSA (1,000,000 or more) Medium MSA (250,000 to 999,999) Small MSA (249,999 or less) Outside MSA 3% 5% Household Income of Hunters The participation rate in hunting tended to increase as household income increased. Participation rates for those who reported incomes of $50,000 to $99,000 were the highest at 8 percent. Those with incomes of $40,000 to $49,999 and $100,000 or more had a slightly lower rate at 7 percent. Those with incomes of $35,000 to $39,999 also had a participation rate of 7 percent, and it declined to 5 percent among those with incomes $25,000 to $29,999, 4 percent among those with incomes $10,000 to $24,999, and 2 percent among those with incomes of under $10,000. The majority of hunters had household incomes of $50,000 or more. Among hunters who reported income, 59 percent had household incomes of $50,000 or more and 41 percent had household incomes of less than $50,000. Fishing had the exact same percentages of participants with over and under $50,000 in household income. Percent of U.S. Population Who Hunted by Household Income Less than $10,000 $10,000 to $19,999 $20,000 to $24,999 $25,000 to $29,999 $30,000 to $34,999 $35,000 to $39,999 $40,000 to $49,999 $50,000 to $74,999 $75,000 to $99,999 $100,000 or more 7% 6% 7% 8% 8% 2% 4% 4% 5% 7% 1 See Appendix A for deﬁnition of MSA. 30 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Education and Race of Hunters Participation rates were highest among those with 12 years of education and those with 1 to 3 years of college. Those with 11 years of education or less had a slightly lower participation rate at 5 percent, and those with 4 years of college or more participated at a 4 percent rate. The largest category of education was 12 years, which accounted for 39 percent of the hunting population. This was followed by those with 1 to 3 years of college at 26 percent. Those with 11 years or less of education and those with 4 years of college each composed 14 percent of hunters. Individuals with 5 years or more of college made up 7 percent of all hunters. While people of all races participate in hunting, the majority are White. Six percent of the nation’s White population, 1 percent of the Black population, 6 percent of those identiﬁed as other races, and less than 0.5 percent of the Asian population went hunting in 2006. Percent of Hunters by Education 11 years or less 14% 5 years or more of college 7% 4 years of college 14% 12 years 39% 1 to 3 years of college 26% Percent of U.S. Population Who Hunted by Education 11 years or less 12 years 1 to 3 years of college 4 years of college 5 years or more of college 4% 4% 5% 6% 6% Percent of Hunters by Race Other 2% Black 2% White 96% Hunters by Education, Race, and Ethnicity (In millions) Total hunters . . . . . . . . . . . 12.5 Education 11 years or less . . . . . . . . 12 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 to 3 years of college . . 4 years of college . . . . . . 5 years or more of college 1.7 4.9 3.2 1.8 0.9 Percent of U.S. Population Who Hunted by Race White Black Other 6% 1% 6% Race White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.0 Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.2 Other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.2 Asian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 Ethnicity Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.4 Non-Hispanic . . . . . . . . . 12.1 Source: Table 10. Percent of U.S. Population Who Hunted by Ethnicity Non-Hispanic Hispanic 1% 6% U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation 31 1996–2006 Comparison of Hunting Activity The overall number of hunters in the United States declined from 1996 to 2006, but the latest results for 2006 indicate that the sharp downturn experienced in the 1990s may be abating. The downturn from 1996 to 2001 was 7 percent, a statistically signiﬁcant change. The downturn from 2001 to 2006 was 4 percent and is not signiﬁcant. All types of hunting had signiﬁcant declines in participation from 1996 to 2006; however, only some types had signiﬁcant declines from 2001 to 2006. Big game hunting has remained relatively stable over time. The decline of 2 percent from 2001 to 2006, is not signiﬁcant. However, some types of hunting have not remained stable. From 2001 to 2006, the decline of 12 percent for small game hunting and 22 percent for migratory bird hunting are both signiﬁcant. Among the different types of hunting, the trend in hunting days was similar to that of total participants. There was a 14 percent decline in the number of hunting days for all types of hunting from 1996 to 2006 and a decline of 4 percent from 2001 to 2006. The decline from 2001 to 2006 is not signiﬁcant. Big game hunting days actually went up 7 percent from 2001 to 2006. Over the same period, small game hunting days declined 13 percent and migratory bird hunting declined 33 percent. The trend in hunting expenditures is similar to that of total participants. While the number of hunters declined 10 percent from 1996 to 2006, huntingrelated expenditures declined 14 percent. Additionally, from 2001 to 2006 the number of hunters declined 4 percent (not signiﬁcant), and huntingrelated expenditures declined 2 percent (not signiﬁcant). No expenditure categories experienced notable changes from 2001 to 2006. The stability of hunting expenditures across the board from 2001 to 2006 is noteworthy. Number of Hunters (Millions) Days of Hunting (Millions) Hunting Expenditures (Billions of 2006 dollars) 26.5 14.0 13.0 12.5 256.7 228.4 219.9 23.5 22.9 1996 2001 2006 1996 2001 2006 1996 2001 2006 32 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 1996–2006 Hunting Participants, Days, and Expenditures (U.S. population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) 1996 Number Percent 13,975 100 11,288 81 6,945 50 3,073 22 1,521 11 256,676 153,784 75,117 26,501 24,522 100 60 29 10 10 100 25 55 27 6 22 20 2006 Number Percent 12,510 100 10,682 85 4,797 38 2,293 18 1,128 9 219,925 164,061 52,395 19,770 15,205 $22,893,156 6,678,614 10,731,501 5,366,357 1,330,216 4,034,928 5,483,041 100 75 24 9 7 100 29 47 23 6 18 24 1996–2006 percent change –10 –5* –31 –25 –26 –14 7* –30 –25 –38 –14* 1* –26 –24 –16* –31* 2* Hunters, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Big game . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Small game. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Migratory bird . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other animal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Days, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Big game . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Small game. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Migratory bird . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other animal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunting, total (2006 dollars) . . . . . . . $26,486,173 Trip-related. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,624,069 Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,484,381 Hunting equipment . . . . . . . . . . . 7,091,539 Auxiliary equipment . . . . . . . . . . 1,584,433 Special equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,808,408 Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,377,723 * Not different from zero at the 5 percent level of signiﬁcance. 2001–2006 Hunting Participants, Days, and Expenditures (U.S. population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) 2001 Number Percent 13,034 100 10,911 84 5,434 42 2,956 23 1,047 8 228,368 153,191 60,142 29,310 19,207 100 67 26 13 8 100 25 50 22 6 22 24 2006 Number Percent 12,510 100 10,682 85 4,797 38 2,293 18 1,128 9 219,925 164,061 52,395 19,770 15,205 $22,893,156 6,678,614 10,731,501 5,366,357 1,330,216 4,034,928 5,483,041 100 75 24 9 7 100 29 47 23 6 18 24 2001–2006 percent change –4* –2* –12 –22 8* –4* 7* –13* –33 –21* –2* 12* –9* 3* –3* –23* –4* Hunters, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Big game . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Small game. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Migratory bird . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other animal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Days, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Big game . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Small game. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Migratory bird . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other animal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunting, total (2006 dollars) . . . . . . . $23,461,530 Trip-related. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,978,797 Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,794,490 Hunting equipment . . . . . . . . . . . 5,192,593 Auxiliary equipment . . . . . . . . . . 1,369,198 Special equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,232,699 Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,688,242 * Not different from zero at the 5 percent level of signiﬁcance. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation 33 Wildlife Watching Wildlife-Watching Highlights Nearly a third of the U.S. population enjoyed wildlife watching in 2006. Wildlife watching is deﬁned here as closely observing, feeding, and photographing wildlife, visiting public parks around the home because of wildlife, and maintaining plantings and natural areas around the home for the beneﬁt of wildlife. These activities are categorized as around the home (within a mile of home) or away from home (at least one mile from home). The 2006 Survey counts as wildlifewatching, recreational activities in which the primary objective was to watch wildlife, as deﬁned above. Secondary or incidental participation, such as observing wildlife while doing something else, was not included in the Survey. During 2006, 71 million U.S. residents, 31 percent of the U.S. population 16 years old and older, participated in wildlife-watching activities. People who took an interest in wildlife around their homes numbered 68 million, while those who took trips away from their homes to wildlife watch numbered 23 million people. Wildlife-Watching Participants by Activity (In millions) Total wildlife-watching participants . . . . . . . . . . Away from home . . . . . . . Observers . . . . . . . . . . . Photographers . . . . . . . . Feeders . . . . . . . . . . . . . Around the home. . . . . . . Feeders . . . . . . . . . . . . . Observers . . . . . . . . . . . Photographers . . . . . . . . Maintainers of plantings or natural areas . . . . . . Visitors of public parks or areas . . . . . . . . . . . . Source: Table 39. 71.1 23.0 21.5 11.7 7.1 67.8 55.5 44.5 18.8 14.5 13.3 Wild Bird Observers Of all the wildlife in the United States, birds attracted the biggest following. Approximately 47.7 million people observed birds around the home and on trips in 2006. A large majority, 88 percent (41.8 million), observed wild birds around the home, while 42 percent, 19.9 million, took trips away from home to observe wild birds. Participants averaged a startling 115 days of birding in 2006, due to the 124 days of around-the-home birders. Away-from-home birders averaged 14 days. Wildlife-Watching Participants (In millions) Total Around the home Away from home 23.0 71.1 67.8 36 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Wildlife-Watching Expenditures Thirty-seven percent of all the dollars spent in 2006 for all wildlife-related recreation was due to wildlife watching. Wildlife-watching participants 16 years old and older spent $45.7 billion, an average of $816 per spender. Seventynine percent of all wildlife watchers spent money on their avocation. Wildlife watchers spent $12.9 billion on trips pursuing their activities. Food and lodging accounted for $7.5 billion (58 percent of all trip-related expenditures), transportation expenses totaled $4.5 billion (35 percent), and other trip costs, such as land use fees and equipment rental, amounted to $903 million (7 percent) for the year. These recreationists purchased $23.2 billion worth of equipment for wildlife watching. They spent $9.9 billion (43 percent of all equipment expenditures) on wildlife-watching equipment including binoculars, cameras, bird food, and special clothing. Expenditures for auxiliary equipment, such as tents and backpacking equipment, totaled $1.0 billion (4 percent) for the year. Participants spent $12.3 billion (53 percent) on special equipment, including off-road vehicles, campers, and boats. Also for the year, wildlife watchers spent $6.6 billion on land leasing and owning; $1.6 billion on plantings for the beneﬁt of wildlife; $1.1 billion on membership dues and contributions; and $360 million on magazines and books. Total Wildlife-Watching Expenditures Total wildlife-watching expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $45.7 billion Total trip-related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $12.9 billion Food and lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.5 billion Transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 billion Other trip costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.9 billion Total equipment expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $23.2 billion Wildlife-watching equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.9 billion Auxiliary equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0 billion Special equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.3 billion Total other expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Land leasing and owning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Plantings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Membership dues and contributions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Magazines, books . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Source: Table 44. $9.6 billion 6.6 billion 1.6 billion 1.1 billion 0.4 billion Wildlife-Watching Expenditures (Total expenditures: $45.7 billion) Other $9.6 billion 21% Equipment $23.2 billion 51% Trip-related $12.9 billion 28% Trip-Related Expenditures (Total expenditures: $12.9 billion) Other trip-related costs $0.9 billion 7% Lodging $3.2 billion 25% Transportation $4.5 billion 35% Food $4.3 billion 33% U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation 37 Around-The-Home WildlifeWatching Highlights In 2006 around-the-home participants 16 years old and older numbered 67.8 million—95 percent of all wildlifewatching recreationists. The most popular activity, feeding birds and other wildlife, accounted for 55.5 million wildlife watchers, 82 percent of all around-the-home participants. About 44.5 million people observed wildlife, representing 66 percent of all aroundthe-home participants. Approximately 18.8 million recreationists (28 percent of all around-the-home wildlife watchers) photographed wildlife. About 14.5 million maintained plantings or natural areas for the beneﬁt of wildlife. They made up 21 percent of all around-the-home participants. Finally, 13.3 million people visited public areas within a mile of their homes for wildlife watching. They comprised 20 percent of all around-thehome participants. Percent of Total Around-The-Home Participants by Activity (Total: 67.8 million participants) 79% 66% 28% 28% 20% 15% 14% Feed wild birds Observe Feed other wildlife Photograph Visit public areas Maintain natural areas Maintain plantings Around-The-Home Participants (In millions) Total participants . . . . . . . Feed wild birds . . . . . . . . Observe wildlife . . . . . . . Feed other wildlife . . . . . Photograph wildlife . . . . Visit public areas . . . . . . Maintain natural areas . . Maintain plantings . . . . . Source: Table 41. 67.8 53.4 44.5 19.2 18.8 13.3 10.2 9.6 38 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Wildlife Fed, Observed, or Photographed by Around-The-Home Participants Of the 55.5 million people feeding wildlife around their homes in 2006, 96 percent (53.4 million) fed wild birds while 35 percent (19.2 million) fed other wildlife. Approximately 44.5 million participants closely observed wildlife around their homes, of which 41.8 million observed birds. Observing mammals was undertaken by 36.6 million participants. Insects and spiders attracted the attention of 16.0 million people; 12.8 million observed amphibians or reptiles; and 9.1 million people observed ﬁsh or other wildlife. The median days of around-the-home observation for all animals was a little over 80 days in 2006. About 18.8 million people photographed wildlife around their homes. The median number of days people took pictures of wildlife around their homes in 2006 was 5 days, although 2.9 million people (15 percent) photographed wildlife 21 days or more. Percent of Around-The-Home Observers by Type of Wildlife Observed (Total wildlife observers: 44.5 million) Birds Mammals Insects and spiders Reptiles and amphibians Fish and other wildlife 20% 29% 36% 82% 94% Percent of Around-The-Home Photographers by Days Spent Photographing Wildlife (Total wildlife photographers: 18.8 million) 1 day 14% 21 days or more 15% 11 to 20 days 11% 2 to 3 days 29% 6 to 10 days 15% Around-The-Home Wildlife Watchers by Geographic Region In 2006, 229 million people 16 years old and older lived in the United States. Of those, 30 percent wildlife watched around their homes. The participation rates of these around-the-home participants varied by region. The percentages of regional populations that wildlife watched around their homes ranged from 24 percent in the Paciﬁc Region to 42 percent in the West North Central Region. The New England, East North Central, West North Central, and East South Central Regions had participation rates above the national average of 30 percent. 4 to 5 days 13% Around-The-Home Wildlife-Watching Participation (National participation rate: 30%) AK WA Mountain 29% MT West North Central 42% ND MN East North Central 33% WI MI New England 38% NH VT ME Pacific 24% OR ID WY SD MA NY RI PA OH WV KY VA NC SC CT NJ DE MD DC IA NV CA UT CO KS MO NE IL IN Middle Atlantic 27% AZ TN NM OK AR MS TX LA FL AL GA South Atlantic 28% HI West South Central 25% East South Central 34% U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation 39 Percent of U.S. Males and Females Who Participated Males Females 29% 31% Sex and Age of Around-The-Home Wildlife Watchers Females and males had similar participation rates for around-the-home wildlife watching. In 2006, 31 percent of females and 29 percent of males enjoyed around-the-home activities. Of the 67.8 million around-the-home wildlife watchers, 54 percent (36.3 million) were females and 46 percent (31.5 million) were males. People in the 55-to-64-year-old age group were most likely to participate at 40 percent (13.0 million). People in the 18-to-24-year-old age group were least likely to participate, with 13 percent (3.0 million). The disparity in participation rates between people 16 to 34 years old (17 percent) and those 35 years old and older (35 percent) is striking. Percent of Around-The-Home Wildlife Watchers by Sex (Total participants: 67.8 million) Females 54% Males 46% Percent of Around-The-Home Wildlife Watchers by Age (Total participants: 67.8 million) 16 and 17 2% 18 to 24 4% 25 to 34 11% Around-The-Home Participants by Sex and Age Total, both sexes . . 67.8 million Male . . . . . . . . . . 31.5 million Female . . . . . . . . 36.3 million Total, all ages . . . . . 16 and 17 . . . . . . 18 to 24. . . . . . . . 25 to 34. . . . . . . . 35 to 44. . . . . . . . 45 to 54. . . . . . . . 55 to 64. . . . . . . . 65 and older . . . . Source: Table 46. 65 and older 20% 35 to 44 20% 55 to 64 19% 45 to 54 24% 67.8 million 1.3 million 3.0 million 7.1 million 13.8 million 16.1 million 13.0 million 13.5 million Percent of U.S. Population Who Participated by Age 16 and 17 18 to 24 25 to 34 35 to 44 45 to 54 55 to 64 65 and older 35% 13% 19% 31% 36% 40% 16% 40 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Around-The-Home Participants Approximately 78 percent of aroundthe-home wildlife watchers lived in metropolitan areas, as deﬁned by the U.S. Census Bureau. Metropolitan statistical areas, or MSAs (see Appendix A), with populations of 1 million or more had a participation rate of 25 percent, lower than any smaller MSA or non-MSA. Nonetheless, recreationists from the most populous MSAs comprised 44 percent of all around-the-home wildlife watchers. In MSAs of 250,000 to 999,999, the participation rate was 32 percent and they made up 22 percent of all aroundthe-home recreationists. About 12 percent of around-the-home wildlife watchers lived in MSAs with a population less than 250,000. The population of these areas had a participation rate of 34 percent. The participation rate for nonmetropolitan populations was 38 percent, higher than for any MSA. Seventeen percent of the total U.S. population lived outside MSAs in 2006 and represented 22 percent of all around-the-home wildlife watchers. Percent of U.S. Population Who Participated by Residence Large MSA (1,000,000 or more) Medium MSA (250,000 to 999,999) Small MSA (249,999 or less) Outside MSA 25% 32% 34% 38% Percent of Around-The-Home Wildlife Watchers by Residence (Total participants: 67.8 million) Large MSA 44% Outside MSA 22% Small MSA 12% Medium MSA 22% U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation 41 Household Income of Around-TheHome Participants Participation rates ranged from 21 percent among U.S. residents living in households earning less than $10,000 per year to 40 percent among participants living in households earning $100,000 or more annually. These groups represented 3 percent and 17 percent, respectively, of all around-thehome wildlife watchers. Participants in households earning $10,000 to $19,999 a year constituted 5 percent of all around-the-home recreationists. The recreationists with incomes of $20,000 to $24,999 made up 4 percent of all around-the-home participants. People with incomes of $25,000 to $29,999 accounted for 5 percent. Those people with incomes of $30,000 to $34,999 constituted 4 percent. Recreationists whose incomes totaled $35,000 to $39,999 represented 5 percent. People from households with annual incomes of $40,000 to $49,999 constituted 9 percent of all around-the-home participants. Approximately 19 percent of around-the-home participants had incomes of $50,000 to $74,999. Recreationists with incomes of $75,000 to $99,999 accounted for 12 percent. Percent of U.S. Population Who Participated by Household Income Less than $10,000 $10,000 to $19,999 $20,000 to $24,999 $25,000 to $29,999 $30,000 to $34,999 $35,000 to $39,999 $40,000 to $49,999 $50,000 to $74,999 $75,000 to $99,999 $100,000 or more 26% 31% 36% 38% 37% 40% 21% 24% 22% 30% 42 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Education, Race, and Ethnicity of Around-The-Home Participants Looking at the educational background of participants, the highest rate of participation was found among recreationists with 5 years or more of college, 42 percent. They made up 15 percent of all around-the-home wildlife watchers. The lowest participation rate, 19 percent, was among people with less than 12 years of education—10 percent of all around-the-home participants. Recreationists with 12 years of education, 31 percent of all around-the-home participants, had a participation rate of 27 percent. Participants with 1 to 3 years of college had a participation rate of 32 percent, while those with 4 years of college had a participation rate of 34 percent. Those groups represented 25 percent and 20 percent of all aroundthe-home wildlife watchers, respectively. A wide range of participation rates was found among the different races and ethnic groups. About 33 percent of the White population engaged in aroundthe-home wildlife watching, contrasted with 10 percent of the Black population, 12 percent of the Asian population, and 29 percent of individuals comprising the “other” race category. Of the total number of around-thehome participants, 93 percent were White, 4 percent were Black, 2 percent were Asian, and 2 percent were all other races. Approximately 12 percent of the U.S. Hispanic population engaged in wildlife watching around their homes in comparison with 32 percent of the nonHispanic population. The 64.2 million non-Hispanic participants comprised 95 percent of all around-the-home wildlife watchers and the 3.6 million Hispanic participants made up 5 percent. Percent of Around-The-Home Wildlife Watchers by Education (Total: 67.8 million participants) 11 years or less 10% 5 years or more of college 15% 12 years 31% 4 years of college 20% 1 to 3 years of college 25% Percent of U.S. Population Who Participated by Education 11 years or less 12 years 1 to 3 years of college 4 years of college 5 years or more of college 19% 27% 32% 34% 42% Percent of Around-The-Home Wildlife Watchers by Race Around-The-Home Participants by Education, Race, and Ethnicity (In millions) Total participants . . . . . . . 67.8 Education Level 11 years or less . . . . . . . . 12 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 to 3 years of college . . 4 years of college . . . . . . 5 years or more of college 6.6 20.9 17.0 13.2 10.0 (Total: 67.8 million participants) Other 2% Asian 2% Black 4% White 93% Race White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.9 Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5 Asian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3 Other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1 Ethnicity Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 Non-Hispanic . . . . . . . . . 64.2 Source: Table 46. Percent of U.S. Population Who Participated by Ethnicity Non-Hispanic Hispanic 12% 32% U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation 43 Away-From-Home WildlifeWatching Highlights In 2006, 23 million people 16 years old and older took trips away from home to feed, observe, or photograph wildlife. They comprised 32 percent of all wildlife watchers. Most popular with away-from-home participants was closely observing wildlife. About 21.5 million participants, 9 percent of the U.S population, observed wildlife an average of 14 days in 2006. Photographing wildlife was enjoyed by 11.7 million people, 5 percent of the U.S. population. They averaged 9 days per photographer. Approximately 7.1 million people fed wildlife an average of 11 days and comprised 3 percent of the U.S. population. About 83 percent of all away-fromhome participants took trips within their resident state to participate in wildlife watching. Approximately 67 percent took trips only in their resident state, 16 percent took trips both inside and outside their resident state, and 17 percent took trips only to other states. Altogether, 33 percent of all awayfrom-home participants took at least some of their trips to other states. Percent of U.S. Population Who Participated by Type of Activity (Total: 23 million participants) Total Observe Photograph Feed 3% 5% 9% 10% Away-From-Home Participants (In millions) Total participants . . . . . . Observers . . . . . . . . . . . Photographers. . . . . . . . Feeders . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total days . . . . . . . . . . . . . Observing . . . . . . . . . . . Photographing . . . . . . . Feeding . . . . . . . . . . . . . Source: Table 40. 23.0 21.5 11.7 7.1 352 291 104 77 Percent of Away-From-Home Wildlife Watchers— in State of Residence and in Other States (Total participants: 23 million) In state of residence and in other states 16% In state of residence only 67% In other states only 17% 44 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Away-From-Home Participants by Type of Wildlife Observed, Fed, or Photographed (In millions) Total participants . . . . . . . 23.0 Birds, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . Waterfowl . . . . . . . . . . . . Birds of prey . . . . . . . . . . Songbirds . . . . . . . . . . . . Water birds . . . . . . . . . . . Other birds . . . . . . . . . . . 20.0 15.4 14.0 13.7 11.5 8.8 Wildlife Observed, Fed, or Photographed by Away-From-Home Participants Wild birds attracted the most interest from wildlife watchers on their trips— 20.0 million people or 87 percent of all away-from-home participants. The most-watched birds, waterfowl (ducks and geese, primarily), were watched by 15.4 million people. Next on the list of most-watched were birds of prey which drew 14.0 million trip-takers, followed by songbirds with 13.7 million watchers. Herons, shore birds, and other water birds attracted 11.5 million recreationists. Lastly, other birds, such as road runners and turkeys, attracted 8.8 million wildlife watchers. Land mammals, such as deer, bears, and coyotes, were observed, fed, or photographed by 16.2 million people— 70 percent of all away-from-home participants. Fish attracted the attention of 6.8 million people or 29 percent of all away-from-home recreationists. About 3.4 million people or 15 percent of all away-from-home participants observed, fed, or photographed marine mammals, such as whales, seals, and dolphins. Other wildlife, such as butterﬂies, snakes, and turtles, appealed to 10.4 million people or 45 percent of all away-from-home wildlife watchers. Land mammals, total . . . . 16.2 Small land mammals . . . 13.4 Large land mammals . . . 12.8 Fish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Marine mammals . . . . . . . 6.8 3.4 Other (turtles, butterﬂies, etc.) . . . . . . . . 10.4 Source: Table 42. Percent of Away-From-Home Wildlife Watchers Who Observed, Fed, or Photographed Wildlife (Total: 23 million participants) Birds Land mammals Fish Marine mammals Other (turtles, butterflies, etc.) 15% 45% 29% 70% 87% U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation 45 Area Visited by Away-From-Home Participants In 2006, the most visited areas for Americans to observe, feed, or photograph wildlife were publicly owned. Approximately 80 percent of all trip-taking wildlife watchers used public areas while just 38 percent used private areas. About 27 percent of all away-from-home participants, 6.2 million, visited both public and private areas. Approximately 12.2 million, 53 percent, visited only public areas to engage in their activities while 2.5 million, 11 percent, visited only private areas. Percent of Away-From-Home Wildlife Watchers by Public and Private Land (Total participants: 23 million) Not reported 9% Public and private 27% Public only 53% Private only 11% Away-From-Home Participants by Public and Private Land (In millions) Total participants . . . . . . . 23.0 Public land only . . . . . . . 12.2 Private land only. . . . . . . 2.5 Public and private land . . 6.2 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . 2.1 Source: Table 40. 46 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Away-From-Home Wildlife Watchers by Geographic Region In 2006, 229 million people 16 years old and older lived in the United States—10 percent of whom took trips to wildlife watch. Away-from-home participation rates ranged from 7 percent in the South Atlantic Region to 14 percent in the West North Central Region. The regions that had participation rates higher than the national average were New England, East North Central, West North Central, East South Central, Mountain, and Paciﬁc. AK Away-From-Home Wildlife-Watching Participation (National participation rate: 10%) WA Mountain 13% MT West North Central 14% ND MN East North Central 11% WI MI New England 12% NH VT ME Pacific 11% OR ID WY SD MA NY RI PA OH WV KY VA NC SC CT NJ DE MD DC IA NV CA UT CO KS MO NE IL IN Middle Atlantic 9% AZ TN NM OK AR MS TX LA FL AL GA South Atlantic 7% HI West South Central 8% East South Central 13% U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation 47 Percent of U.S. Males and Females Who Participated Males Females 9% 11% Sex and Age of Away-From-Home Wildlife Watchers A similar number of males and females participated in away-from-home wildlife watching in 2006. 51 percent (11.8 million) of all participants were males and 49 percent (11.2 million) were females. 11 percent of males and 9 percent of females in the U.S. enjoyed observing, feeding, or photographing wildlife away from home. The 35-to-44-year-old age group had the most away-from-home recreationists, 6.0 million. This age group and 55-to-64-year-olds had the highest participation rate, 13 percent. Another age group that had a high participation rate was the 45-to-54-year-old age group, 12 percent. The 18-to-24-yearold age group had the lowest participation rate, at 5 percent. Percent of Away-From-Home Wildlife Watchers by Sex (Total participants: 23 million) Females 49% Males 51% Percent of Away-From-Home Wildlife Watchers by Age (Total participants: 23 million) 16 and 17 3% 18 to 24 5% 25 to 34 13% 65 and older 11% 55 to 64 19% Away-From-Home Participants by Sex and Age Total, both sexes . . 23.0 million Male . . . . . . . . . . 11.8 million Female . . . . . . . . 11.2 million Total, all ages . . . . . 23.0 million 16 and 17 . . . . . . 0.6 million 18 to 24. . . . . . . . 1.1 million 25 to 34. . . . . . . . 3.1 million 35 to 44. . . . . . . . 6.0 million 45 to 54. . . . . . . . 5.2 million 55 to 64. . . . . . . . 4.4 million 65 and older . . . . 2.6 million Source: Table 45. 35 to 44 26% 45 to 54 23% Percent of U.S. Population Who Participated by Age 16 and 17 18 to 24 25 to 34 35 to 44 45 to 54 55 to 64 65 and older 7% 12% 13% 5% 8% 13% 7% 48 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Away-From-Home Participants In 2006, 9 percent of all people living in MSAs (see Appendix A for deﬁnition) took trips primarily to enjoy wildlife. MSA residents comprised 78 percent of all away-from-home participants. In contrast, 13 percent of all people living outside an MSA watched wildlife away from home. As was the case with around-the-home wildlife watching, the biggest MSA had both the lowest participation rate and the highest number of participants. Residents of non-MSAs made up 22 percent of both away-from-home and around-the-home participants. Percent of Away-From-Home Wildlife Watchers by Residence (Total participants: 23 million) Large MSA 45% Outside MSA 22% Small MSA 12% Medium MSA 21% Percent of U.S. Population Who Participated by Residence Large MSA (1,000,000 or more) Medium MSA (250,000 to 999,999) Small MSA (249,999 or less) Outside MSA Household Income of Away-FromHome Participants Participation rates ranged from 6 percent for those in households earning less than $20,000 per year to 16 percent for those in households earning $75,000 or more. There was a strong correlation between income and the likelihood to wildlife watch away from home, with an increase in one matched by an increase in the other. The income group that had the most participants was $50,000 to $74,999, with 4.7 million recreationists. Median income was higher for awayfrom-home participants than for Americans as a whole, slightly over $60,000 for recreationists compared to about $50,000 for the U.S. population. 9% 10% 12% 13% Percent of U.S. Population Who Participated by Household Income Less than $10,000 $10,000 to $19,999 $20,000 to $24,999 $25,000 to $29,999 $30,000 to $34,999 $35,000 to $39,999 $40,000 to $49,999 $50,000 to $74,999 $75,000 to $99,999 $100,000 or more 6% 6% 7% 8% 10% 10% 12% 14% 16% 16% U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation 49 Education, Race, and Ethnicity of Away-From-Home Participants As in the case of household income, educational achievement and participation in away-from-home wildlife watching have a direct correlation. About 4 percent of the U.S. population with 11 years of education or less participated, compared to 18 percent of the population with 5 years or more of college. The educational cohort with the most participants was 1 to 3 years of college, with 6.2 million recreationists. The educational cohort with the fewest recreationists was 11 years or less, with 1.4 million. The participation rates by race varied greatly. Approximately 11 percent of Whites and 9 percent of other races except Blacks and Asians took trips to wildlife watch. In contrast, 3 percent of Blacks and 4 percent of Asians participated. Of the total 23 million awayfrom-home participants, 94 percent were White, 3 percent were Black, 2 percent were Asian, and 2 percent were other races. About 1.4 million recreationists were Hispanic, 6 percent of all participants. Approximately 5 percent of the U.S. Hispanic population took trips to engage in wildlife watching. Of the non-Hispanic population, 11 percent (21.6 million participants) took trips to wildlife watch. They comprised 94 percent of all away-from-home wildlife watchers. Percent of Away-From-Home Wildlife Watchers by Education (Total participants: 23 million) 11 years or less 6% 5 years or more of college 19% 12 years 27% 4 years of college 21% 1 to 3 years of college 27% Percent of U.S. Population Who Participated by Education 11 years or less 12 years 1 to 3 years of college 4% 8% 12% 12% 18% Away-From-Home Participants by Education, Race, and Ethnicity (In millions) Total participants . . . . . . . 23.0 Education Level 11 years or less . . . . . . . . 12 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 to 3 years of college . . 4 years of college . . . . . . 5 years or more of college 1.4 6.1 6.2 4.9 4.4 4 years of college 5 years or more of college Percent of Away-From-Home Wildlife Watchers by Race (Total participants: 23 million) Other 2% Asian 2% Black 3% Race White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.5 Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.7 Asian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.4 Other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.4 Ethnicity Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4 Non-Hispanic . . . . . . . . . 21.6 Source: Table 45. White 94% Percent of U.S. Population Who Participated by Ethnicity Non-Hispanic Hispanic 5% 11% 50 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 1996–2006 Comparison of WildlifeWatching Participation The number of all wildlife watchers increased 5 percent from 1996 to 2001 and 8 percent from 2001 to 2006, with 62.9 million participants in 1996, 66.1 million in 2001, and 71.1 million in 2006. Comparing the results from the last three Surveys ﬁnds differing trends for the two categories of wildlife watching: around the home and away from home. Around-the-home wildlife watching, the most popular type of wildlife watching, led the overall upward trend with a 12 percent increase from 1996 to 2006. The upward trend from 1996 to 2006 was seen in all ﬁve types of around-the-home wildlife watching: feeding, observing, photographing, maintaining plantings or natural areas, and visiting public areas. The number of around-the-home feeders increased 3 percent (not a statistically signiﬁcant change), from 54.1 million in 1996 to 55.5 million in 2006. The number of observers increased 1 percent (although this is not signiﬁcant at the 5 percent level) from 44.1 million in 1996 to 44.5 million in 2006. The number of photographers increased 17 percent, from 16.0 million in 1996 to 18.8 million in 2006. The number of people who maintained plantings or natural areas for the beneﬁt of wildlife increased 8 percent (not a statistically signiﬁcant difference) from 1996 to 2006, 13.4 million to 14.5 million. Finally, the number of visitors to public areas within a mile of home increased 21 percent, from 11.0 million to 13.3 million. Unlike around-the-home wildlife watching, away-from-home wildlife watching did not increase from 1996 to 2006. There was a 3 percent drop, which is not statistically signiﬁcant. From 1996 to 2001, participation decreased 8 percent, from 23.7 million to 21.8 million. From 2001 to 2006, the direction of the change in participation reversed, increasing 5 percent—from 21.8 million to 23.0 million—although not enough to match the level of participation in 1996. There are three categories of away-from-home wildlife watching: observing, photographing, and feeding. From 1996 to 2006, the number of observers decreased 6 percent (not a statistically signiﬁcant difference), from 22.9 million to 21.5 million. The number of photographers decreased 3 percent (not a statistically signiﬁcant change), from 12.0 million to 11.7 million. Lastly, the number of feeders decreased a whopping Days of Away-From-Home Wildlife Watching (In millions) 372 314 29 percent, from 10.0 million to 7.1 million. Days aﬁeld by away-from-home wildlife watchers increased 12 percent (not a statistically signiﬁcant change) from 1996 to 2006, largely due to the efforts of photographers. Days aﬁeld in 2001 were even higher than in 1996 or 2006, 372 million compared to 314 million or 352 million, respectively (although the differences are not statistically signiﬁcant). Expenditures for wildlife watching increased 21 percent from 1996 to 2006. Interestingly, the reason for the increase from 2001 to 2006 was the rise in trip-related expenditures (a 38 percent increase while equipment had a 14 percent decrease), whereas the reason for the increase from 1996 to 2001 was equipment expenditures (a 41 percent increase while trip-related expenditures underwent a 20 percent decrease). Number of Wildlife Watchers (In millions) Wildlife-Watching Expenditures (Billions of 2006 dollars) 43.8 352 37.7 45.7 71.1 62.9 66.1 1996 2001 2006 1996 2001 2006 1996 2001 2006 U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation 51 1996–2006 Wildlife-Watching Participants, Days, and Expenditures (U.S. population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) 1996 Number Percent Wildlife-watching participants, total 62,868 100 Around the home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60,751 97 Observers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44,063 70 Photographers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,021 25 Feeders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54,122 86 Visitors of public parks or areas . 11,011 18 Maintainers of plantings or natural areas 13,401 21 Away from home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Observers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Photographers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Feeders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Days, away from home. . . . . . . . . . . Observing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Photographing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Feeding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,652 22,878 12,038 9,976 313,790 278,683 79,342 89,606 38 36 19 16 100 89 25 29 100 32 57 28 3 26 11 2006 Number Percent 71,132 100 67,756 95 44,467 63 18,763 26 55,512 78 13,271 19 14,508 20 22,977 21,546 11,708 7,084 352,070 291,027 103,872 77,329 $45,654,960 $12,875,152 $23,174,053 $9,869,727 $1,033,060 $12,271,266 $9,605,755 32 30 16 10 100 83 30 22 100 28 51 22 2 27 21 1996–2006 percent change 13 12 1* 17 3* 21 8* –3* –6* –3* –29 12* 4* 31* –14* 21 6* 8* –7* –7* 26* 138 Wildlife-watching expenditures, total (2006 dollars) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $37,651,365 Trip-related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $12,165,513 Equipment, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $21,451,842 Wildlife-watching equipment . . . $10,601,546 Auxiliary equipment . . . . . . . . . . $1,105,724 Special equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . $9,744,572 Other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $4,034,010 * Not different from zero at the 5 percent level of signiﬁcance. 52 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2001–2006 Wildlife-Watching Participants, Days, and Expenditures (U.S. population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) 2001 Number Percent 66,105 100 62,928 95 42,111 64 13,937 21 53,988 82 10,981 17 13,072 21,823 20,080 9,427 7,077 372,006 295,345 76,324 103,307 20 33 30 14 11 100 79 21 28 100 21 61 19 2 40 17 Number 71,132 67,756 44,467 18,763 55,512 13,271 14,508 22,977 21,546 11,708 7,084 352,070 291,027 103,872 77,329 $45,654,960 $12,875,152 $23,174,053 $9,869,727 $1,033,060 $12,271,266 $9,605,755 2006 Percent 100 95 63 26 78 19 20 32 30 16 10 100 83 30 22 100 28 51 22 2 27 21 2001–2006 percent change 8 8 6 35 3* 21 11 5* 7* 24 (Z)* –5* –1* 36* –25* 4* 38 –14 18 26* –30* 26* Wildlife-watching participants, total. . Around the home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Observers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Photographers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Feeders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Visitors of public parks or areas . . Maintainers of plantings or natural areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Away from home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Observers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Photographers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Feeders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Days, away from home. . . . . . . . . . . . Observing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Photographing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Feeding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wildlife-watching expenditures, total (2006 dollars) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $43,792,516 Trip-related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $9,305,180 Equipment, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $26,835,136 Wildlife-watching equipment . . . . $8,383,534 Auxiliary equipment . . . . . . . . . . . $817,266 Special equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . $17,634,336 Other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $7,652,201 * Not different from zero at the 5 percent level of signiﬁcance. (Z) Less than 0.5 percent. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation 53 Tables Guide to Statistical Tables Purpose and Coverage of Tables The statistical tables of this report were designed to meet a wide range of needs for those interested in wildlife-related recreation. Special terms used in these tables are deﬁned in Appendix A. The tables are based on responses to the 2006 Survey, which was designed to collect data about participation in wildlife-related recreation. To have taken part in the Survey, a respondent must have been a U.S. resident (a resident of one of the 50 states or the District of Columbia). No one residing outside the United States (including U.S. citizens) was eligible for interviewing. Therefore, reported state and national totals do not include participation by those who were not U.S. residents or who were U.S. citizens residing outside the United States. Percentages Reported in the Tables Percentages are reported in the tables for the convenience of the user. When exclusive groups are being reported, the base of a percentage is apparent from its context because the percents add to 100 percent (plus or minus a rounding error). For example, Table 1 reports the number of trips taken by big game hunters (62 percent), those taken by small game hunters (22 percent), those taken by migratory bird hunters (9 percent), and those taken by hunters pursuing other animals (7 percent). These comprise 100 percent because they are exclusive categories. Percents should not add to 100 when nonexclusive groups are being reported. Using Table 1 as an example again, note that adding the percentages associated with the total number of big game hunters (85 percent), total small game hunters (38 percent), total migratory bird hunters (18 percent), and total hunters of other animals (9 percent) will not yield total hunters (100 percent) because respondents could hunt for more than one type of game. When the base of the percentage is not apparent in context, it is identiﬁed in a footnote. For example, Table 6 reports three percentages with different bases: one for the number of hunters, one for the number of trips, and one for days of hunting. Footnotes are used to clarify the bases of the reported percentages. X Not applicable. NA Not available. Estimates based upon fewer than ten responses are regarded as being based on a sample size that is too small for reliable reporting. An estimate based upon at least 10 but fewer than 30 responses is treated as an estimate based on a small sample size. Other footnotes appear, as necessary, to qualify or clarify the estimates reported in the tables. In addition, these two important footnotes appear frequently: • Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. • Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. “Multiple responses” is a term used to reﬂect the fact that individuals or their characteristics fall into more than one category. Using Table 2 as an example, those who ﬁshed in saltwater and freshwater appear in both of these totals. Yet each angler is represented only once in the “Total, all ﬁshing” column. Similarly, in Table 6, those who hunt for big game and small game are counted only once as a hunter in the “Total, all hunting” column. Therefore, totals will be smaller than the sum of subcategories when multiple responses exist. “Nonresponse” exists because the Survey questions were answered voluntarily, and some respondents did not or could not answer all the questions. The effect of nonresponse is illustrated in Table 31, where the total for anglers who use boats is greater than the sum of anglers ﬁshing from a motorboat and anglers ﬁshing from a non-motor boat. This occurs because some respondents did not answer the motorboat/non-motorboat question. As a result, it is known how many anglers used a boat due to an earlier question but not known if it was a motorboat or non-motorboat. In this case, totals are greater than the sum of subcategories when nonresponses have occurred. Comparability With Previous Surveys The numbers reported can be compared with those in the 1991, 1996, and 2001 Survey Reports. The methodology used in 2006 was similar to that used in those Surveys. These results should not be directly compared to results from Surveys earlier than 1991 since there were major changes in methodology. These changes were made to improve accuracy in the information provided. Trends further back than 1991 are presented in Appendix C. These trends were developed using parts of the Surveys that were comparable. Footnotes to the Tables Footnotes are used to clarify the information or items that are being reported in a table. Symbols in the body of a table indicate important footnotes. The following symbols are used in the tables to refer to the same footnote each time they appear: * Estimate based on a sample size of 10-29. ... Sample size too small to report data reliably. W Less than .5 dollars. Z Less than .5 percent. Coverage of an Individual Table Since the Survey covers many activities in various places by participants of different ages, all table titles, headnotes, stubs, and footnotes are designed to identify and articulate each item being reported in the table. For example, the title of Table 1 shows that data about anglers and hunters, their days of participation, and their number of trips are reported by type of activity. By contrast, the title of Table 3 indicates that it contains data on freshwater anglers and the days they ﬁshed for different species. 56 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Table 1. Anglers and Hunters 16 Years Old and Older, Days of Participation, and Trips by Type of Fishing and Hunting: 2006 (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Participants Type of fishing and hunting Number Total sportspersons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FISHING Total, all fishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total, all freshwater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Freshwater, except Great Lakes. . . . . . . . . . . . Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Saltwater. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HUNTING Total, all hunting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Big game . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Small game. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Migratory bird . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other animals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,510 10,682 4,797 2,293 1,128 100 85 38 18 9 219,925 164,061 52,395 19,770 15,205 100 75 24 9 7 185,399 115,255 40,856 16,390 12,898 100 62 22 9 7 29,952 25,431 25,035 1,420 7,717 100 85 84 5 26 516,781 433,337 419,942 18,016 85,663 100 84 81 3 17 403,492 336,528 323,265 13,264 66,963 100 83 80 3 17 33,916 Percent 100 Number 736,707 Percent 100 Number 588,891 Percent 100 Days of participation Trips Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. Table 2. Anglers, Trips, and Days of Fishing by Type of Fishing: 2006 (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Freshwater Anglers, trips, and days of fishing Total, all fishing Total, all freshwater Number Percent Freshwater, except Great Lakes Number Percent Saltwater Great Lakes Number Percent Number Percent Number ANGLERS Total in U.S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . In state of residence . . . . . . . . In other states . . . . . . . . . . . . . TRIPS Total in U.S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . In state of residence . . . . . . . . In other states . . . . . . . . . . . . . DAYS OF FISHING Total in U.S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . In state of residence . . . . . . . . In other states . . . . . . . . . . . . . Average days per angler . . . . . . (X) Not applicable. Percent 29,952 27,641 6,494 100 92 22 25,431 23,639 4,749 100 93 19 25,035 23,266 4,604 100 93 18 1,420 1,182 306 100 83 22 7,717 6,089 2,185 100 79 28 403,492 376,511 26,980 100 93 7 336,528 316,575 19,953 100 94 6 323,265 304,611 18,653 100 94 6 13,264 11,964 1,300 100 90 10 66,963 59,937 7,027 100 90 10 516,781 470,594 52,380 17 100 91 10 (X) 433,337 400,883 40,697 17 100 93 9 (X) 419,942 382,512 37,869 17 100 91 9 (X) 18,016 15,545 2,366 13 100 86 13 (X) 85,663 73,365 12,451 11 100 86 15 (X) Note: Detail for participants does not add to total because of multiple responses. Percents shown are based on the respective ‘‘Total in U.S.’’ rows. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation 57 Table 3. Freshwater Anglers and Days of Fishing by Type of Fish: 2006 (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands. Excludes Great Lakes fishing) Anglers Type of fish Number Total, all types of fish. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Black bass (largemouth, smallmouth, etc.) . . . . . . . . . . White bass, striped bass and striped bass hybrids . . . . Panfish. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Crappie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Catfish and bullheads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Walleye . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sauger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Northern pike, pickerel, muskie, muskie hybrids . . . . . Trout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Salmon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Steelhead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Anything1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Another type of freshwater fish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Days of fishing Percent 100 40 19 30 25 28 11 1 7 27 4 2 16 7 Number 419,942 161,005 65,211 101,569 90,732 98,190 39,117 2,875 24,762 75,485 8,643 4,307 35,507 22,328 Percent 100 38 16 24 22 23 9 1 6 18 2 1 8 5 Average days per angler 17 16 14 13 15 14 15 12 14 11 9 10 9 14 25,035 10,013 4,751 7,534 6,210 6,954 2,672 244 1,788 6,750 937 434 4,000 1,640 Respondent fished for no specific species and identified ‘‘Anything’’ from a list of categories of fish. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. Table 4. Great Lakes Anglers and Days of Fishing by Type of Fish: 2006 (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Anglers Type of fish Number Total, all types of fish. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Black bass (largemouth, smallmouth, etc.) . . . . . . . . . . Walleye, sauger. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Northern pike, pickerel, muskie, muskie hybrids . . . . . Perch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Salmon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Steelhead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lake trout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other trout. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Anything1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Another type of Great Lakes fish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. 1 Days of fishing Percent 100 21 34 *8 32 29 14 23 12 15 *4 Number 18,016 2,919 4,890 *1,818 5,549 5,659 1,893 4,427 2,231 1,628 *560 Percent 100 16 27 *10 31 31 11 25 12 9 *3 Average days per angler 13 10 10 *16 12 14 9 13 13 8 *9 1,420 298 480 *111 461 418 201 328 170 214 *61 Respondent fished for no specific species and identified ‘‘Anything’’ from a list of categories of fish. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. 58 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Table 5. Saltwater Anglers and Days of Fishing by Type of Fish: 2006 (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Anglers Type of fish Number Total, all types of fish. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Salmon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Striped bass. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Flatfish (flounder, halibut) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bluefish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Red drum (redfish) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sea trout (weakfish) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mackerel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Shellfish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Anything1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Another type of saltwater fish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Days of fishing Percent 100 8 18 27 13 24 19 6 8 31 33 Number 85,663 3,379 15,411 20,478 9,880 20,247 18,184 5,326 3,701 20,774 28,591 Percent 100 4 18 24 12 24 21 6 4 24 33 Average days per angler 11 6 11 10 10 11 12 11 6 9 11 7,717 582 1,424 2,069 993 1,831 1,470 490 606 2,424 2,547 Respondent fished for no specific species and identified ‘‘Anything’’ from a list of categories of fish. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. Table 6. Hunters, Trips, and Days of Hunting by Type of Hunting: 2006 (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Hunters, trips, and days of hunting HUNTERS Total in U.S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . In state of residence . . . . . . . . In other states . . . . . . . . . . . . . TRIPS Total in U.S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . In state of residence . . . . . . . . In other states . . . . . . . . . . . . . DAYS OF HUNTING Total in U.S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . In state of residence . . . . . . . . In other states . . . . . . . . . . . . . Average days per hunter . . . . . . (X) Not applicable. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. Percents shown are based on the respective ‘‘Total in U.S.’’ rows. Total, all hunting Number Percent Big game Number Percent Small game Number Percent Migratory bird Number Percent Other animals Number Percent 12,510 11,971 1,826 100 96 15 10,682 10,258 1,279 100 96 12 4,797 4,473 625 100 93 13 2,293 2,179 291 100 95 13 1,128 1,078 112 100 96 10 185,399 175,360 10,039 100 95 5 115,255 109,172 6,083 100 95 5 40,856 38,520 2,336 100 94 6 16,390 15,348 1,042 100 94 6 12,898 12,319 579 100 96 4 219,925 203,319 18,023 18 100 92 8 (X) 164,061 151,978 12,661 15 100 93 8 (X) 52,395 48,650 4,001 11 100 93 8 (X) 19,770 17,561 2,309 9 100 89 12 (X) 15,205 14,386 867 13 100 95 6 (X) U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation 59 Table 7. Hunters and Days of Hunting by Type of Game: 2006 (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Hunters Type of game Number Total, all big game . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Deer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Elk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wild turkey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other big game . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total, all small game . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rabbit, hare. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Quail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Grouse/prairie chicken . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Squirrel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pheasant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other small game . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total, all migratory birds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Waterfowl (geese and/or ducks). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Geese. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ducks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Doves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other migratory bird. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total, all other animals (fox, raccoon, groundhog, etc.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. Days of hunting Percent 100 94 7 4 24 5 100 40 22 17 38 34 7 100 57 31 50 54 7 100 Number 164,061 132,194 6,675 3,471 25,828 6,324 52,395 20,513 7,688 6,960 18,534 11,940 4,499 19,770 13,071 6,008 12,173 5,893 1,052 15,205 Percent 100 81 4 2 16 4 100 39 15 13 35 23 9 100 66 30 62 30 5 100 Average days per hunter 15 13 8 9 10 11 11 11 7 9 10 7 14 9 10 9 11 5 7 13 10,682 10,062 799 399 2,569 578 4,797 1,923 1,046 800 1,845 1,632 325 2,293 1,306 700 1,147 1,238 150 1,128 60 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Table 8. Selected Characteristics of Anglers and Hunters: 2006 (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) U.S. population Characteristic Number Total persons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Population Density of Residence Urban . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rural . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Population Size of Residence Metropolitan statistical area (MSA) . . . 1,000,000 or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250,000 to 999,999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Less than . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Outside MSA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Census Geographic Division New England . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Middle Atlantic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . East North Central . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . West North Central. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South Atlantic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . East South Central . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . West South Central. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mountain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pacific . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Age 16 to 17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 to 24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 to 34 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 to 44 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 to 54 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 to 64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 years and older . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sex Male, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 to 17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 to 24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 to 34 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 to 44 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 to 54 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 to 64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 years and older . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Female, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 to 17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 to 24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 to 34 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 to 44 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 to 54 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 to 64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 years and older . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ethnicity Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Non-Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Race White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Asian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . All others . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Annual Household Income Less than $10,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $10,000 to $19,999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $20,000 to $24,999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $25,000 to $29,999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $30,000 to $34,999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $35,000 to $39,999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $40,000 to $49,999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $50,000 to $74,999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $75,000 to $99,999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $100,000 or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Education 11 years or less . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 to 3 years college . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 years college . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 years or more college . . . . . . . . . . . . See footnotes at end of table. Sportspersons (fished or hunted) Number 33,916 20,053 13,863 24,178 12,732 6,569 4,878 9,738 1,353 3,214 5,975 3,836 6,633 2,689 4,499 2,372 3,345 1,284 2,655 5,441 8,382 7,608 5,229 3,317 25,855 987 1,929 4,119 6,342 5,709 4,113 2,657 8,061 297 726 1,323 2,040 1,899 1,116 659 1,732 32,184 31,316 1,577 344 680 807 1,590 1,555 1,503 1,759 1,794 3,167 6,811 4,676 5,671 4,583 4,587 11,837 8,595 5,652 3,245 Percent who participated 15 11 26 13 11 14 21 25 12 10 17 25 15 20 18 15 9 16 11 15 19 17 16 9 23 23 17 23 29 27 25 16 7 7 6 7 9 8 7 3 6 16 17 6 3 17 8 10 14 14 16 17 18 20 22 19 8 13 15 16 14 14 Percent 100 59 41 71 38 19 14 29 4 9 18 11 20 8 13 7 10 4 8 16 25 22 15 10 76 3 6 12 19 17 12 8 24 1 2 4 6 6 3 2 5 95 92 5 1 2 2 5 5 4 5 5 9 20 14 17 14 14 35 25 17 10 Number 21,406 14,378 7,028 16,393 9,181 4,427 2,785 5,014 979 1,694 3,599 2,056 4,749 1,588 2,689 1,504 2,548 782 1,687 3,384 5,308 4,738 3,377 2,131 14,504 587 1,090 2,245 3,552 3,124 2,402 1,505 6,902 196 597 1,139 1,755 1,614 975 626 1,308 20,098 19,287 1,383 294 442 584 1,010 1,069 936 1,022 1,124 1,958 4,057 2,937 3,694 3,015 2,862 6,941 5,360 3,902 2,342 Fished only Percent who participated 9 8 13 9 8 10 12 13 9 5 10 13 11 12 11 10 7 9 7 9 12 11 10 6 13 14 9 12 16 15 15 9 6 5 5 6 8 7 6 3 4 10 10 5 3 11 5 7 9 9 9 11 11 12 14 13 5 8 9 10 10 10 Percent 100 67 33 77 43 21 13 23 5 8 17 10 22 7 13 7 12 4 8 16 25 22 16 10 68 3 5 10 17 15 11 7 32 1 3 5 8 8 5 3 6 94 90 6 1 2 3 5 5 4 5 5 9 19 14 17 14 13 32 25 18 11 Percent 100 77 23 83 53 20 10 17 5 14 16 7 19 6 11 7 16 4 10 16 20 19 14 17 48 2 5 8 10 9 7 7 52 2 5 8 10 10 7 9 13 87 83 11 4 2 5 7 5 5 5 5 8 15 9 13 25 15 34 23 17 10 229,245 176,740 52,504 190,425 120,356 46,506 23,562 38,820 11,233 31,518 35,609 15,458 43,965 13,722 25,407 15,651 36,681 8,272 23,292 37,468 45,112 44,209 32,867 38,024 110,273 4,307 11,638 18,278 21,946 21,352 16,157 16,594 118,972 3,965 11,655 19,189 23,166 22,857 16,710 21,430 29,218 200,027 189,255 25,925 10,104 3,960 10,673 15,373 11,374 10,524 11,161 10,349 17,699 33,434 21,519 29,159 57,981 34,621 78,073 53,019 39,506 24,025 U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation 61 Table 8. Selected Characteristics of Anglers and Hunters: 2006—Continued (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Hunted only Characteristic Number Total persons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Population Density of Residence Urban . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rural . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Population Size of Residence Metropolitan statistical area (MSA) . . . 1,000,000 or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250,000 to 999,999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Less than 249,999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Outside MSA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Census Geographic Division New England . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Middle Atlantic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . East North Central . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . West North Central. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South Atlantic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . East South Central . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . West South Central. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mountain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pacific . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Age 16 to 17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 to 24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 to 34 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 to 44 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 to 54 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 to 64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 years and older . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sex Male, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 to 17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 to 24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 to 34 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 to 44 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 to 54 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 to 64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 years and older . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Female, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 to 17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 to 24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 to 34 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 to 44 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 to 54 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 to 64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 years and older . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ethnicity Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Non-Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Race White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Asian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . All others . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Annual Household Income Less than $10,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $10,000 to $19,999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $20,000 to $24,999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $25,000 to $29,999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $30,000 to $34,999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $35,000 to $39,999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $40,000 to $49,999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $50,000 to $74,999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $75,000 to $99,999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $100,000 or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Education 11 years or less . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 to 3 years college . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 years college . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 years or more college . . . . . . . . . . . . * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. Fished and hunted Percent 100 44 56 60 25 17 17 40 3 17 20 14 13 6 14 7 6 5 6 15 23 24 15 12 89 3 6 13 21 21 14 11 11 *1 *1 *2 2 3 *2 ... 4 96 97 *2 *1 *1 *2 5 3 5 6 6 10 21 15 13 13 14 40 25 14 8 (Z) Less than 0.5 percent. Percent who participated 2 1 4 1 1 1 3 4 1 2 2 4 1 2 2 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 1 3 3 2 3 4 4 3 3 (Z) *1 *(Z) *(Z) (Z) (Z) *(Z) ... 1 2 2 *(Z) *(Z) *1 *1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 1 2 2 2 1 1 Number 8,546 3,925 4,621 5,422 2,554 1,462 1,405 3,124 267 856 1,591 1,228 1,368 848 1,263 580 546 321 719 1,474 2,168 1,910 1,239 716 7,833 266 621 1,362 1,976 1,735 1,174 699 713 *54 98 112 193 175 *65 *16 268 8,278 8,203 132 *30 181 150 371 359 382 487 418 808 1,924 1,137 1,473 1,036 1,178 3,325 2,231 1,213 599 Percent who participated 4 2 9 3 2 3 6 8 2 3 4 8 3 6 5 4 1 4 3 4 5 4 4 2 7 6 5 7 9 8 7 4 1 *1 1 1 1 1 *(Z) *(Z) 1 4 4 1 *(Z) 5 1 2 3 4 4 4 5 6 5 5 2 3 4 4 3 2 Percent 100 46 54 63 30 17 16 37 3 10 19 14 16 10 15 7 6 4 8 17 25 22 15 8 92 3 7 16 23 20 14 8 8 *1 1 1 2 2 *1 *(Z) 3 97 96 2 *(Z) 2 2 4 4 4 6 5 9 23 13 17 12 14 39 26 14 7 3,964 1,750 2,213 2,364 996 680 687 1,600 107 664 785 552 516 253 547 288 252 181 249 584 906 960 613 470 3,518 134 219 512 814 850 536 453 445 *47 *30 *72 92 110 *76 ... 157 3,807 3,825 *62 *20 *56 *73 209 127 184 249 252 401 830 602 504 532 547 1,571 1,004 538 304 ... Sample size too small to report data reliably. Note: Percent who participated shows the percent of each row’s population who participated in the activity named by the column. Percent columns show the percent of each column’s participants who are described by the row heading. 62 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Table 9. Selected Characteristics of Anglers by Type of Fishing: 2006 (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) U.S. population Characteristic Number Total persons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Population Density of Residence Urban . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rural . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Population Size of Residence Metropolitan statistical area (MSA) . . . 1,000,000 or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250,000 to 999,999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Less than 249,999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Outside MSA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Census Geographic Division New England . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Middle Atlantic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . East North Central . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . West North Central. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South Atlantic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . East South Central . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . West South Central. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mountain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pacific . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Age 16 18 25 35 45 55 65 to 17 to 24 to 34 to 44 to 54 to 64 years years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . and older . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229,245 176,740 52,504 190,425 120,356 46,506 23,562 38,820 11,233 31,518 35,609 15,458 43,965 13,722 25,407 15,651 36,681 8,272 23,292 37,468 45,112 44,209 32,867 38,024 110,273 118,972 29,218 200,027 189,255 25,925 10,104 3,960 10,673 15,373 11,374 10,524 11,161 10,349 17,699 33,434 21,519 29,159 57,981 34,621 78,073 53,019 39,506 24,025 Percent 100 77 23 83 53 20 10 17 5 14 16 7 19 6 11 7 16 4 10 16 20 19 14 17 48 52 13 87 83 11 4 2 5 7 5 5 5 5 8 15 9 13 25 15 34 23 17 10 Number 29,952 18,303 11,649 21,815 11,735 5,889 4,190 8,138 1,246 2,550 5,190 3,284 6,116 2,436 3,952 2,084 3,094 1,103 2,406 4,857 7,476 6,647 4,616 2,847 22,337 7,615 1,576 28,377 27,490 1,515 324 624 733 1,380 1,427 1,319 1,510 1,543 2,766 5,981 4,074 5,167 4,051 4,040 10,266 7,590 5,115 2,941 Total, all fishing Percent who participated 13 10 22 11 10 13 18 21 11 8 15 21 14 18 16 13 8 13 10 13 17 15 14 7 20 6 5 14 15 6 3 16 7 9 13 13 14 15 16 18 19 18 7 12 13 14 13 12 Percent 100 61 39 73 39 20 14 27 4 9 17 11 20 8 13 7 10 4 8 16 25 22 15 10 75 25 5 95 92 5 1 2 2 5 5 4 5 5 9 20 14 17 14 13 34 25 17 10 Number 25,431 14,814 10,617 17,936 9,250 4,925 3,761 7,496 937 1,848 4,818 3,248 4,661 2,315 3,251 2,028 2,326 992 2,158 4,190 6,266 5,612 3,818 2,395 19,053 6,378 1,158 24,274 23,416 1,265 241 510 642 1,260 1,203 1,192 1,385 1,375 2,339 5,222 3,344 4,063 3,406 3,588 8,833 6,439 4,146 2,425 Total freshwater Percent who participated 11 8 20 9 8 11 16 19 8 6 14 21 11 17 13 13 6 12 9 11 14 13 12 6 17 5 4 12 12 5 2 13 6 8 11 11 12 13 13 16 16 14 6 10 11 12 10 10 Percent 100 58 42 71 36 19 15 29 4 7 19 13 18 9 13 8 9 4 8 16 25 22 15 9 75 25 5 95 92 5 1 2 3 5 5 5 5 5 9 21 13 16 13 14 35 25 16 10 Sex Male. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ethnicity Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Non-Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Race White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Asian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . All others . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Annual Household Income Less than $10,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $10,000 to $19,999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $20,000 to $24,999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $25,000 to $29,999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $30,000 to $34,999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $35,000 to $39,999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $40,000 to $49,999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $50,000 to $74,999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $75,000 to $99,999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $100,000 or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Education 11 years or less . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 to 3 years college . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 years college . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 years or more college . . . . . . . . . . . . See footnotes at end of table. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation 63 Table 9. Selected Characteristics of Anglers by Type of Fishing: 2006—Continued (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Freshwater Saltwater Freshwater, except Great Lakes Characteristic Percent who participated 11 8 20 9 8 10 16 19 8 6 13 21 11 17 13 13 6 12 9 11 14 12 11 6 17 5 4 12 12 5 2 13 6 8 10 11 12 13 13 15 15 14 6 10 11 12 10 10 Great Lakes Percent who participated 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 *(Z) 1 3 *(Z) *(Z) ... ... ... ... ... *(Z) 1 1 1 1 *(Z) 1 (Z) ... 1 1 *(Z) ... ... ... ... ... *(Z) *(Z) *1 1 1 1 1 (Z) *1 1 1 1 1 Percent who participated 3 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 5 3 1 1 6 2 5 1 3 2 2 4 4 4 4 2 5 1 2 4 4 2 2 4 1 1 3 2 2 3 4 4 6 7 2 2 3 4 4 4 Number Total persons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Population Density of Residence Urban . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rural . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Population Size of Residence Metropolitan statistical area (MSA) . . . 1,000,000 or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250,000 to 999,999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Less than 249,999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Outside MSA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Census Geographic Division New England . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Middle Atlantic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . East North Central . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . West North Central. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South Atlantic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . East South Central . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . West South Central. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mountain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pacific . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Age 16 18 25 35 45 55 65 to 17 to 24 to 34 to 44 to 54 to 64 years years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . and older . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,035 14,545 10,490 17,606 9,037 4,840 3,729 7,429 935 1,770 4,515 3,244 4,660 2,313 3,251 2,028 2,318 981 2,133 4,119 6,184 5,515 3,730 2,373 18,723 6,312 1,140 23,895 23,054 1,230 241 510 621 1,242 1,192 1,169 1,373 1,350 2,313 5,136 3,287 4,005 3,349 3,503 8,723 6,340 4,065 2,403 Percent 100 58 42 70 36 19 15 30 4 7 18 13 19 9 13 8 9 4 9 16 25 22 15 9 75 25 5 95 92 5 1 2 2 5 5 5 5 5 9 21 13 16 13 14 35 25 16 10 Number 1,420 952 468 1,133 718 269 146 287 *11 297 981 *67 *20 ... ... ... ... ... *103 234 377 268 301 *94 1,198 222 ... 1,395 1,290 *69 ... ... ... ... ... *46 *43 *91 148 345 226 218 188 *174 432 367 287 160 Percent 100 67 33 80 51 19 10 20 *1 21 69 *5 *1 ... ... ... ... ... *7 16 27 19 21 *7 84 16 ... 98 91 *5 ... ... ... ... ... *3 *3 *6 10 24 16 15 13 *12 30 26 20 11 Number 7,717 5,739 1,979 6,664 4,063 1,734 866 1,053 588 901 212 80 2,784 315 1,391 167 1,280 185 542 1,352 2,010 1,751 1,214 664 5,992 1,726 699 7,018 6,897 478 171 171 102 195 295 246 212 346 676 1,397 1,311 1,904 1,034 757 2,409 2,071 1,574 906 Percent 100 74 26 86 53 22 11 14 8 12 3 1 36 4 18 2 17 2 7 18 26 23 16 9 78 22 9 91 89 6 2 2 1 3 4 3 3 4 9 18 17 25 13 10 31 27 20 12 Sex Male. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ethnicity Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Non-Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Race White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Asian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . All others . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Annual Household Income Less than $10,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $10,000 to $19,999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $20,000 to $24,999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $25,000 to $29,999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $30,000 to $34,999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $35,000 to $39,999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $40,000 to $49,999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $50,000 to $74,999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $75,000 to $99,999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $100,000 or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Education 11 years or less . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 to 3 years college . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 years college . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 years or more college . . . . . . . . . . . . * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. ... Sample size too small to report data reliably. (Z) Less than 0.5 percent. Note: Percent who participated shows the percent of each row’s population who participated in the activity named by the column (the percent of those living in urban areas who fished in the Great Lakes, etc.). Percent columns show the percent of each column’s participants who are described by the row heading (the percent of those Great Lakes anglers who lived in urban areas, etc.). 64 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Table 10. Selected Characteristics of Hunters by Type of Hunting: 2006 (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) U.S. population Characteristic Number Total persons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Population Density of Residence Urban . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rural . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Population Size of Residence Metropolitan statistical area (MSA) . . . 1,000,000 or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250,000 to 999,999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Less than 249,999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Outside MSA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Census Geographic Division New England . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Middle Atlantic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . East North Central . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . West North Central. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South Atlantic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . East South Central . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . West South Central. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mountain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pacific . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Age 16 18 25 35 45 55 65 to 17 to 24 to 34 to 44 to 54 to 64 years years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . and older . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229,245 176,740 52,504 190,425 120,356 46,506 23,562 38,820 11,233 31,518 35,609 15,458 43,965 13,722 25,407 15,651 36,681 8,272 23,292 37,468 45,112 44,209 32,867 38,024 110,273 118,972 29,218 200,027 189,255 25,925 10,104 3,960 10,673 15,373 11,374 10,524 11,161 10,349 17,699 33,434 21,519 29,159 57,981 34,621 78,073 53,019 39,506 24,025 Percent 100 77 23 83 53 20 10 17 5 14 16 7 19 6 11 7 16 4 10 16 20 19 14 17 48 52 13 87 83 11 4 2 5 7 5 5 5 5 8 15 9 13 25 15 34 23 17 10 Number 12,510 5,675 6,835 7,785 3,551 2,143 2,092 4,724 374 1,520 2,376 1,779 1,884 1,101 1,810 868 798 501 968 2,058 3,074 2,870 1,852 1,186 11,351 1,159 424 12,085 12,028 194 50 238 223 580 486 567 737 670 1,209 2,754 1,739 1,977 1,568 1,724 4,896 3,235 1,750 904 Total, all hunting Percent who participated 5 3 13 4 3 5 9 12 3 5 7 12 4 8 7 6 2 6 4 5 7 6 6 3 10 1 1 6 6 1 (Z) 6 2 4 4 5 7 6 7 8 8 7 3 5 6 6 4 4 Percent 100 45 55 62 28 17 17 38 3 12 19 14 15 9 14 7 6 4 8 16 25 23 15 9 91 9 3 97 96 2 (Z) 2 2 5 4 5 6 5 10 22 14 16 13 14 39 26 14 7 Number 10,682 4,598 6,085 6,478 2,936 1,774 1,768 4,205 340 1,447 2,134 1,359 1,620 986 1,511 669 616 438 815 1,864 2,660 2,404 1,527 973 9,670 1,013 337 10,345 10,281 158 *37 207 192 522 437 492 659 568 1,042 2,418 1,435 1,544 1,375 1,543 4,335 2,784 1,346 674 Big game Percent who participated 5 3 12 3 2 4 8 11 3 5 6 9 4 7 6 4 2 5 4 5 6 5 5 3 9 1 1 5 5 1 *(Z) 5 2 3 4 5 6 5 6 7 7 5 2 4 6 5 3 3 Percent 100 43 57 61 27 17 17 39 3 14 20 13 15 9 14 6 6 4 8 17 25 23 14 9 91 9 3 97 96 1 *(Z) 2 2 5 4 5 6 5 10 23 13 14 13 14 41 26 13 6 Sex Male. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ethnicity Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Non-Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Race White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Asian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . All others . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Annual Household Income Less than $10,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $10,000 to $19,999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $20,000 to $24,999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $25,000 to $29,999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $30,000 to $34,999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $35,000 to $39,999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $40,000 to $49,999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $50,000 to $74,999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $75,000 to $99,999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $100,000 or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Education 11 years or less . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 to 3 years college . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 years college . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 years or more college . . . . . . . . . . . . See footnotes at end of table. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation 65 Table 10. Selected Characteristics of Hunters by Type of Hunting: 2006—Continued (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Small game Characteristic Number Total persons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Population Density of Residence Urban . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rural . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Population Size of Residence Metropolitan statistical area (MSA) . . . 1,000,000 or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250,000 to 999,999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Less than 249,999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Outside MSA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Census Geographic Division New England . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Middle Atlantic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . East North Central . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . West North Central. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South Atlantic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . East South Central . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . West South Central. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mountain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pacific . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Age 16 18 25 35 45 55 65 to 17 to 24 to 34 to 44 to 54 to 64 years years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . and older . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,797 2,186 2,611 2,942 1,347 832 762 1,855 129 520 886 865 731 405 638 343 279 144 419 811 1,204 1,151 635 431 4,520 277 203 4,594 4,596 105 *26 *70 77 206 166 207 328 245 465 996 710 858 539 603 1,789 1,242 741 421 Percent who participated 2 1 5 2 1 2 3 5 1 2 2 6 2 3 3 2 1 2 2 2 3 3 2 1 4 (Z) 1 2 2 (Z) *(Z) *2 1 1 1 2 3 2 3 3 3 3 1 2 2 2 2 2 Migratory bird Percent who participated 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 (Z) *(Z) 1 2 1 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 (Z) 2 (Z) (Z) 1 1 ... ... *1 *(Z) *(Z) *1 *1 1 1 1 2 2 2 (Z) 1 1 1 1 1 Other animals Percent who participated (Z) (Z) 1 (Z) (Z) (Z) 1 1 (Z) 1 (Z) 1 (Z) 1 1 (Z) (Z) *(Z) 1 1 1 (Z) (Z) (Z) 1 (Z) *(Z) 1 1 ... ... *1 ... *(Z) *(Z) *1 *1 *1 1 1 1 1 (Z) (Z) 1 1 (Z) (Z) Percent 100 46 54 61 28 17 16 39 3 11 18 18 15 8 13 7 6 3 9 17 25 24 13 9 94 6 4 96 96 2 *1 *1 2 4 3 4 7 5 10 21 15 18 11 13 37 26 15 9 Number 2,293 1,268 1,025 1,570 767 423 380 723 52 *116 284 279 320 214 641 165 223 75 182 436 642 458 359 141 2,162 131 118 2,176 2,239 ... ... *37 *27 *57 *73 *53 134 103 204 503 419 514 207 200 733 644 455 261 Percent 100 55 45 68 33 18 17 32 2 *5 12 12 14 9 28 7 10 3 8 19 28 20 16 6 94 6 5 95 98 ... ... *2 *1 *2 *3 *2 6 4 9 22 18 22 9 9 32 28 20 11 Number 1,128 370 758 594 281 153 160 534 28 191 146 150 164 98 211 65 75 *38 150 252 249 190 147 103 1,059 69 *36 1,092 1,079 ... ... *24 ... *70 *26 *69 *65 *75 131 258 151 165 110 164 460 340 103 61 Percent 100 33 67 53 25 14 14 47 2 17 13 13 15 9 19 6 7 *3 13 22 22 17 13 9 94 6 *3 97 96 ... ... *2 ... *6 *2 *6 *6 *7 12 23 13 15 10 15 41 30 9 5 Sex Male. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ethnicity Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Non-Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Race White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Asian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . All others . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Annual Household Income Less than $10,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $10,000 to $19,999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $20,000 to $24,999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $25,000 to $29,999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $30,000 to $34,999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $35,000 to $39,999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $40,000 to $49,999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $50,000 to $74,999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $75,000 to $99,999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $100,000 or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Education 11 years or less . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 to 3 years college . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 years college . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 years or more college . . . . . . . . . . . . * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. ... Sample size too small to report data reliably. (Z) Less than 0.5 percent. Note: Percent who participated shows the percent of each row’s population who participated in the activity named by the column (the percent of those living in urban areas who hunted big game, etc.). Percent columns show the percent of each column’s participants who are described by the row heading (the percent of big game hunters who lived in urban areas, etc.). 66 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Table 11. Summary of Expenditures for Fishing and Hunting: 2006 (Population 16 years old and older) Expenditures Expenditure item Amount (thousands of dollars) 76,650,027 Average per sportsperson (dollars) 2,260 Number (thousands) 32,567 Spenders Percent of sportspersons 96 Average per spender (dollars) 2,354 Total, all items. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TRIP-RELATED EXPENDITURES Total trip-related. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food and lodging, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Public . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Private . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other trip costs1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EQUIPMENT EXPENDITURES Fishing equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunting equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Auxiliary equipment2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Special equipment3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OTHER EXPENDITURES Books, magazines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Membership dues and contributions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Land leasing and ownership. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Licenses, stamps, tags, and permits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 24,557,174 9,093,769 6,504,319 2,589,450 7,658,755 738,243 6,920,512 7,804,650 724 268 192 76 226 22 204 230 30,201 26,381 26,242 6,465 26,611 1,509 26,239 23,416 89 78 77 19 78 4 77 69 813 345 248 401 288 489 264 333 5,365,933 5,716,758 2,969,992 26,910,442 304,181 593,242 8,986,342 1,245,963 158 169 88 793 9 17 265 37 19,337 10,107 9,749 3,203 6,759 4,481 2,226 22,607 57 30 29 9 20 13 7 67 277 566 305 8,402 45 132 4,038 55 Other trip costs include guide fees, pack trip or package fees, public and private land use fees, equipment rental, boating costs (which include launching, mooring, storage, maintenance, insurance, pumpout fees, and fuel), bait, ice, and heating and cooking fuel. Auxiliary equipment includes camping equipment, binoculars, special fishing and hunting clothing, etc. 3 Special equipment includes boats, campers, cabins, trail bikes, etc. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. Detail in subsequent tables may not add to totals shown here because of nonresponse to individual questions. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation 67 Table 12. Expenditures for Fishing: 2006 (Population 16 years old and older) Expenditures Expenditure item Amount (thousands of dollars) 42,011,124 Average per angler (dollars) 1,403 Number (thousands) 28,307 Spenders Percent of anglers 95 Average per spender (dollars) 1,484 Total, all items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TRIP-RELATED EXPENDITURES Total trip-related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food and lodging, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Public . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other trip costs, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Guide fees, pack trip or package fees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Public land use fees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Private land use fees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Equipment rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Boating costs1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bait . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Heating and cooking fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EQUIPMENT EXPENDITURES Fishing equipment, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rods, reels, poles, and rodmaking components . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lines and leaders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Artificial lures, flies, baits, and dressing for flies or lines. . . . . Hooks, sinkers, swivels, and other items attached to a line, except lures and baits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tackle boxes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Creels, stringers, fish bags, landing nets, and gaff hooks . . . . . Minnow traps, seines, and bait containers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Depth finders, fish finders, and other electronic fishing devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ice fishing equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other fishing equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Auxiliary equipment, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Camping equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Binoculars, field glasses, telescopes, etc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Special fishing clothing, rubber boots, waders, and foul weather gear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Processing and taxidermy costs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Special equipment2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OTHER EXPENDITURES Magazines, books. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Membership dues and contributions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Land leasing and ownership . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Licenses, stamps, tags, and permits, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Licenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stamps, tags, and permits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 17,878,560 6,302,524 4,327,090 1,975,434 4,961,830 523,856 4,437,974 6,614,205 832,476 176,803 143,543 377,334 3,408,623 1,183,332 378,190 113,904 597 210 144 66 166 17 148 221 28 6 5 13 114 40 13 4 26,318 22,572 22,415 5,304 22,361 1,163 21,979 22,275 2,307 3,339 1,041 1,645 7,405 18,224 11,168 3,195 88 75 75 18 75 4 73 74 8 11 3 5 25 61 37 11 679 279 193 372 222 451 202 297 361 53 138 229 460 65 34 36 5,332,401 2,288,572 543,186 906,951 387,836 127,197 107,108 61,267 514,423 105,335 290,524 778,740 404,240 42,639 239,687 42,183 49,992 12,646,229 178 76 18 30 13 4 4 2 17 4 10 26 13 1 8 1 2 422 19,082 10,666 11,886 13,624 13,885 3,819 3,154 2,481 1,140 663 3,069 3,837 1,756 414 1,971 188 392 1,818 64 36 40 45 46 13 11 8 4 2 10 13 6 1 7 1 1 6 279 215 46 67 28 33 34 25 451 159 95 203 230 103 122 225 128 6,957 115,019 157,728 4,598,988 503,460 460,266 43,194 4 5 154 17 15 1 2,944 1,423 768 16,259 15,650 3,011 10 5 3 54 52 10 39 111 5,987 31 29 14 Boating costs include launching, mooring, storage, maintenance, insurance, pumpout fees, and fuel. Special equipment includes boats, campers, cabins, trail bikes, etc. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. Detail in tables 13 to 16 may not add to totals shown here because of multiple responses and nonresponse. 68 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Table 13. Trip and Equipment Expenditures for Freshwater Fishing: 2006 (Population 16 years old and older) Expenditures Expenditure item Amount (thousands of dollars) 26,348,217 Average per angler (dollars) 1,036 Number (thousands) 23,414 Spenders Percent of anglers 92 Average per spender (dollars) 1,125 Total, all items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TRIP-RELATED EXPENDITURES Total trip-related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food and lodging, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Public . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other trip costs, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Guide fees, pack trip or package fees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Public land use fees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Private land use fees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Equipment rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Boating costs1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bait . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Heating and cooking fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EQUIPMENT EXPENDITURES Fishing equipment, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rods, reels, poles, and rodmaking components . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lines and leaders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Artificial lures, flies, baits, and dressing for flies or lines. . . . . Hooks, sinkers, swivels, and other items attached to a line, except lures and baits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tackle boxes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Creels, stringers, fish bags, landing nets, and gaff hooks . . . . . Minnow traps, seines, and bait containers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Depth finders, fish finders, and other electronic fishing devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ice fishing equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other fishing equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Auxiliary equipment, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Camping equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Binoculars, field glasses, telescopes, etc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Special fishing clothing, rubber boots, waders, and foul weather gear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Processing and taxidermy costs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Special equipment2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 12,587,930 4,609,923 3,287,225 1,322,697 3,905,885 304,895 3,600,990 4,072,123 308,275 147,629 84,679 221,286 2,094,418 844,211 269,037 102,587 495 181 129 52 154 12 142 160 12 6 3 9 82 33 11 4 22,713 19,364 19,246 4,278 19,204 771 18,901 18,877 1,235 2,862 817 1,176 6,005 15,646 9,131 2,878 89 76 76 17 76 3 74 74 5 11 3 5 24 62 36 11 554 238 171 309 203 395 191 216 250 52 104 188 349 54 29 36 3,575,227 1,531,910 377,652 679,266 273,047 92,173 64,423 38,202 280,597 100,437 137,522 621,657 342,465 27,233 183,947 34,127 33,884 9,563,402 141 60 15 27 11 4 3 2 11 4 5 24 13 1 7 1 1 376 15,286 8,214 9,107 10,854 10,823 2,854 2,228 1,741 806 635 2,055 3,085 1,522 250 1,536 156 287 1,444 60 32 36 43 43 11 9 7 3 2 8 12 6 1 6 1 1 6 234 187 41 63 25 32 29 22 348 158 67 201 225 109 120 219 118 6,622 Boating costs include launching, mooring, storage, maintenance, insurance, pumpout fees, and fuel. Special equipment includes boats, campers, cabins, trail bikes, etc. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation 69 Table 14. Trip and Equipment Expenditures for Freshwater Fishing, Except Great Lakes: 2006 (Population 16 years old and over) Expenditures Expenditure item Amount (thousands of dollars) 24,581,671 Average per angler (dollars) 982 Number (thousands) 22,898 Spenders Percent of anglers 91 Average per spender (dollars) 1,074 Total, all items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TRIP-RELATED EXPENDITURES Total trip-related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food and lodging, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Public . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other trip costs, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Guide fees, pack trip or package fees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Public land use fees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Private land use fees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Equipment rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Boating costs1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bait . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Heating and cooking fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EQUIPMENT EXPENDITURES Fishing equipment, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rods, reels, poles, and rodmaking components . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lines and leaders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Artificial lures, flies, baits, and dressing for flies or lines. . . . . Hooks, sinkers, swivels, and other items attached to a line, except lures and baits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tackle boxes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Creels, stringers, fish bags, landing nets, and gaff hooks . . . . . Minnow traps, seines, and bait containers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Depth finders, fish finders, and other electronic fishing devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ice fishing equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other fishing equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Auxiliary equipment, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Camping equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Binoculars, field glasses, telescopes, etc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Special fishing clothing, rubber boots, waders, and foul weather gear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Processing and taxidermy costs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Special equipment2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 11,521,818 4,235,176 3,038,376 1,196,800 3,667,944 281,318 3,386,626 3,618,698 272,634 140,129 67,391 209,491 1,798,118 785,113 250,365 95,458 460 169 121 48 147 11 135 145 11 6 3 8 72 31 10 4 22,193 18,902 18,789 4,055 18,737 728 18,442 18,380 1,075 2,793 763 1,086 5,697 15,260 8,842 2,825 89 76 75 16 75 3 74 73 4 11 3 4 23 61 35 11 519 224 162 295 196 386 184 197 254 50 88 193 316 51 28 34 3,361,439 1,447,041 349,449 648,870 257,959 89,756 60,014 37,016 259,122 81,329 130,885 600,558 337,021 26,365 174,772 32,581 29,820 9,097,856 134 58 14 26 10 4 2 1 10 3 5 24 13 1 7 1 1 363 14,803 7,922 8,798 10,454 10,464 2,762 2,131 1,658 746 566 1,951 2,956 1,472 243 1,466 133 276 1,409 59 32 35 42 42 11 9 7 3 2 8 12 6 1 6 1 1 6 227 183 40 62 25 32 28 22 347 144 67 203 229 109 119 244 108 6,457 Boating costs include launching, mooring, storage, maintenance, insurance, pumpout fees, and fuel. Special equipment includes boats, campers, cabins, trail bikes, etc. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. 70 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Table 15. Trip and Equipment Expenditures for Great Lakes Fishing: 2006 (Population 16 years old and older) Expenditures Expenditure item Amount (thousands of dollars) 1,507,656 Average per angler (dollars) 1,062 Number (thousands) 1,346 Spenders Percent of anglers 95 Average per spender (dollars) 1,120 Total, all items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TRIP-RELATED EXPENDITURES Total trip-related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food and lodging, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Public . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other trip costs, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Guide fees, pack trip or package fees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Public land use fees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Private land use fees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Equipment rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Boating costs1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bait . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Heating and cooking fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EQUIPMENT EXPENDITURES Fishing equipment, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rods, reels, poles, and rodmaking components . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lines and leaders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Artificial lures, flies, baits, and dressing for flies or lines. . . . . Hooks, sinkers, swivels, and other items attached to a line, except lures and baits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tackle boxes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Creels, stringers, fish bags, landing nets, and gaff hooks . . . . . Minnow traps, seines, and bait containers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Depth finders, fish finders, and other electronic fishing devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ice fishing equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other fishing equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Auxiliary equipment, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Camping equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Binoculars, field glasses, telescopes, etc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Special fishing clothing, rubber boots, waders, and foul weather gear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Processing and taxidermy costs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Special equipment2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. 1 2 1,066,113 374,747 248,849 125,897 237,941 *23,577 214,365 453,424 35,641 7,501 *17,288 *11,795 296,300 59,098 18,671 7,129 751 264 175 89 168 *17 151 319 25 5 *12 *8 209 42 13 5 1,315 1,102 1,092 305 1,168 *85 1,116 1,131 172 91 *58 *93 476 856 544 89 93 78 77 21 82 *6 79 80 12 6 *4 *7 34 60 38 6 811 340 228 413 204 *277 192 401 207 82 *299 *127 622 69 34 80 165,403 54,602 23,081 23,673 13,639 *1,827 *4,110 *1,049 *20,140 ... *6,420 18,386 ... ... *8,427 ... ... *257,754 116 38 16 17 10 *1 *3 *1 *14 ... *5 13 ... ... *6 ... ... *182 521 259 246 358 316 *67 *84 *75 *51 ... *96 117 ... ... *63 ... ... *16 37 18 17 25 22 *5 *6 *5 *4 ... *7 8 ... ... *4 ... ... *1 317 210 94 66 43 *27 *49 *14 *392 ... *67 157 ... ... *134 ... ... *15,675 ... Sample size too small to report data reliably. Boating costs include launching, mooring, storage, maintenance, insurance, pumpout fees, and fuel. Special equipment includes boats, campers, cabins, trail bikes, etc. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation 71 Table 16. Trip and Equipment Expenditures for Saltwater Fishing: 2006 (Population 16 years old and older) Expenditures Expenditure item Amount (thousands of dollars 8,879,948 Average per angler (dollars) 1,151 Number (thousands) 6,836 Spenders Percent of anglers 89 Average per spender (dollars) 1,299 Total, all items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TRIP-RELATED EXPENDITURES Total trip-related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food and lodging, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Public . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other trip costs, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Guide fees, pack trip or package fees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Public land use fees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Private land use fees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Equipment rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Boating costs1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bait . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Heating and cooking fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EQUIPMENT EXPENDITURES Fishing equipment, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rods, reels, poles, and rodmaking components . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lines and leaders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Artificial lures, flies, baits, and dressing for flies or lines. . . . . Hooks, sinkers, swivels, and other items attached to a line, except lures and baits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tackle boxes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Creels, stringers, fish bags, landing nets, and gaff hooks . . . . . Minnow traps, seines, and bait containers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Depth finders, fish finders, and other electronic fishing devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other fishing equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Auxiliary equipment, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Camping equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Binoculars, field glasses, telescopes, etc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Special fishing clothing, rubber boots, waders, and foul weather gear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Processing and taxidermy costs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Special equipment2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. 1 2 5,290,630 1,692,602 1,039,865 652,737 1,055,945 218,961 836,984 2,542,083 524,202 29,173 58,864 156,048 1,314,205 339,122 109,153 11,317 686 219 135 85 137 28 108 329 68 4 8 20 170 44 14 1 6,730 5,895 5,803 1,372 5,551 446 5,304 5,821 1,236 635 251 559 1,845 4,228 3,200 436 87 76 75 18 72 6 69 75 16 8 3 7 24 55 41 6 786 287 179 476 190 491 158 437 424 46 235 279 712 80 34 26 1,266,978 530,540 121,970 156,892 84,690 20,389 33,666 16,382 178,220 124,229 108,267 37,924 13,918 35,647 *7,173 13,605 2,214,073 164 69 16 20 11 3 4 2 23 16 14 5 2 5 *1 2 287 3,163 1,644 2,045 1,886 2,230 541 640 467 218 703 551 148 134 308 *27 67 262 41 21 26 24 29 7 8 6 3 9 7 2 2 4 *(Z) 1 3 401 323 60 83 38 38 53 35 817 177 197 256 104 116 *264 202 8,454 (Z) Less than 0.5 percent. Boating costs include launching, mooring, storage, maintenance, insurance, pumpout fees, and fuel. Special equipment includes boats, campers, cabins, trail bikes, etc. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. 72 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Table 17. Expenditures for Hunting: 2006 (Population 16 years old and older) Expenditures Expenditure item Amount (thousands of dollars) 22,893,156 Average per hunter (dollars) 1,830 Number (thousands) 12,153 Spenders Percent of hunters 97 Average per spender (dollars) 1,884 Total, all items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TRIP-RELATED EXPENDITURES Total trip-related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food and lodging, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Public . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other trip costs, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Guide fees, pack trip or package fees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Public land use fees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Private land use fees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Equipment rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Boating costs1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Heating and cooking fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EQUIPMENT EXPENDITURES Hunting equipment, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Guns and rifles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rifles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Shotguns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Muzzleloaders, primitive firearms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pistols, handguns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bows, arrows, archery equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Telescopic sights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Decoys and game calls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ammunition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hand loading equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunting dogs and associated costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Auxiliary equipment, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Camping equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Binoculars, field glasses, telescopes, etc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Special hunting clothing, rubber boots, waders, and foul weather gear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Processing and taxidermy costs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Special equipment2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OTHER EXPENDITURES Magazines, books. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Membership dues and contributions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Land leasing and ownership . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Licenses, stamps, tags, and permits, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Licenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Federal duck stamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other stamps, tags, and permits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 6,678,614 2,791,245 2,177,229 614,016 2,696,924 214,387 2,482,537 1,190,445 416,529 47,268 396,810 80,729 102,255 146,853 534 223 174 49 216 17 198 95 33 4 32 6 8 12 10,828 9,567 9,533 1,599 10,064 401 9,982 3,416 557 564 711 313 459 2,132 87 76 76 13 80 3 80 27 4 5 6 2 4 17 617 292 228 384 268 535 249 348 748 84 558 258 223 69 5,366,357 2,452,285 1,119,900 765,423 184,157 382,805 674,117 404,866 187,141 696,451 140,072 493,659 317,765 1,330,216 141,920 203,606 459,823 485,153 39,714 4,034,928 429 196 90 61 15 31 54 32 15 56 11 39 25 106 11 16 37 39 3 323 9,287 2,992 1,625 1,320 531 636 1,940 1,471 2,074 7,995 929 780 2,312 4,196 538 968 2,743 1,496 290 505 74 24 13 11 4 5 16 12 17 64 7 6 18 34 4 8 22 12 2 4 578 820 689 580 347 602 348 275 90 87 151 633 137 317 264 210 168 324 137 7,993 83,524 269,660 4,387,354 742,503 619,511 22,934 100,058 7 22 351 59 50 2 8 1,767 1,707 1,606 9,862 9,506 1,529 2,689 14 14 13 79 76 12 21 47 158 2,732 75 65 15 37 Boating costs include launching, mooring, storage, maintenance, insurance, pumpout fees, and fuel. Special equipment includes boats, campers, cabins, trail bikes, etc. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. Detail in tables 18 to 21 may not add to totals shown here because of multiple responses and nonresponse. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation 73 Table 18. Trip and Equipment Expenditures for Big Game Hunting: 2006 (Population 16 years old and older) Expenditures Expenditure item Amount (thousands of dollars) 11,754,122 Average per hunter (dollars) 1,100 Number (thousands) 9,813 Spenders Percent of hunters 92 Average per spender (dollars) 1,198 Total, all items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TRIP-RELATED EXPENDITURES Total trip-related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food and lodging, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Public . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other trip costs, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Guide fees, pack trip or package fees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Public land use fees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Private land use fees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Equipment rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Boating costs1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Heating and cooking fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EQUIPMENT EXPENDITURES Hunting equipment, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Firearms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rifles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Shotguns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Muzzleloaders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pistols, handguns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bows, arrows, archery equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Telescopic sights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Decoys and game calls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ammunition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hand loading equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunting dogs and associated costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Auxiliary equipment, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Camping equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Binoculars, field glasses, telescopes, etc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Special hunting clothing, rubber boots, waders, and foul weather gear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Processing and taxidermy costs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Special equipment2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 4,648,341 1,967,680 1,555,229 412,451 1,812,575 119,956 1,692,619 868,086 333,018 28,061 291,460 47,420 47,671 120,456 435 184 146 39 170 11 158 81 31 3 27 4 4 11 9,192 8,066 8,039 1,205 8,481 263 8,410 2,689 356 387 514 198 197 1,886 86 76 75 11 79 2 79 25 3 4 5 2 2 18 506 244 193 342 214 457 201 323 936 73 567 239 242 64 2,986,381 1,308,890 809,254 192,840 179,833 126,964 628,426 307,014 72,923 311,362 78,053 77,271 202,442 1,073,737 119,309 166,775 337,850 422,181 27,621 3,045,663 280 123 76 18 17 12 59 29 7 29 7 7 19 101 11 16 32 40 3 285 6,583 1,802 1,117 406 516 166 1,795 1,102 1,239 4,757 677 109 1,526 3,443 445 808 2,035 1,353 175 390 62 17 10 4 5 2 17 10 12 45 6 1 14 32 4 8 19 13 2 4 454 726 724 475 348 767 350 279 59 65 115 709 133 312 268 207 166 312 158 7,809 Boating costs include launching, mooring, storage, maintenance, insurance, pumpout fees, and fuel. Special equipment includes boats, campers, cabins, trail bikes, etc. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. 74 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Table 19. Trip and Equipment Expenditures for Small Game Hunting: 2006 (Population 16 years old and older) Expenditures Expenditure item Amount (thousands of dollars) 2,365,778 Average per hunter (dollars) 493 Number (thousands) 4,027 Spenders Percent of hunters 84 Average per spender (dollars) 587 Total, all items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TRIP-RELATED EXPENDITURES Total trip-related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food and lodging, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Public . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other trip costs, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Guide fees, pack trip or package fees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Public land use fees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Private land use fees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Equipment rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Boating costs1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Heating and cooking fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EQUIPMENT EXPENDITURES Hunting equipment, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Firearms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rifles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Shotguns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Muzzleloaders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pistols, handguns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bows, arrows, archery equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Telescopic sights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Decoys and game calls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ammunition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hand loading equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunting dogs and associated costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Auxiliary equipment, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Camping equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Binoculars, field glasses, telescopes, etc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Special hunting clothing, rubber boots, waders, and foul weather gear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Processing and taxidermy costs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Special equipment2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. 1 2 1,196,318 510,922 371,352 139,569 534,603 75,173 459,430 150,793 56,869 7,362 38,405 *19,811 10,513 17,833 249 107 77 29 111 16 96 31 12 2 8 *4 2 4 3,783 3,211 3,193 427 3,364 128 3,290 850 171 174 148 *87 71 428 79 67 67 9 70 3 69 18 4 4 3 *2 1 9 316 159 116 327 159 588 140 177 333 42 260 *227 148 42 776,420 364,087 123,341 203,440 ... 36,270 *5,698 35,948 11,737 93,878 25,228 219,403 20,442 61,988 *9,229 *6,418 23,340 *17,161 *5,840 *331,052 162 76 26 42 ... 8 *1 7 2 20 5 46 4 13 *2 *1 5 *4 *1 *69 2,032 597 217 369 ... 72 *24 146 190 1,461 100 355 210 332 *30 *46 227 *24 *51 *30 42 12 5 8 ... 2 *1 3 4 30 2 7 4 7 *1 *1 5 *1 *1 *1 382 610 569 552 ... 503 *237 247 62 64 253 617 97 187 *308 *141 103 *703 *115 *11,193 ... Sample size too small to report data reliably. Boating costs include launching, mooring, storage, maintenance, insurance, pumpout fees, and fuel. Special equipment includes boats, campers, cabins, trail bikes, etc. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation 75 Table 20. Trip and Equipment Expenditures for Migratory Bird Hunting: 2006 (Population 16 years old and older) Expenditures Expenditure item Amount (thousands of dollars) 1,349,148 Average per hunter (dollars) 588 Number (thousands) 2,001 Spenders Percent of hunters 87 Average per spender (dollars) 674 Total, all items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TRIP-RELATED EXPENDITURES Total trip-related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food and lodging, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Public . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other trip costs, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Guide fees, pack trip or package fees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Public land use fees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Private land use fees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Equipment rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Boating costs1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Heating and cooking fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EQUIPMENT EXPENDITURES Hunting equipment, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Firearms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rifles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Shotguns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Muzzleloaders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pistols, handguns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bows, arrows, archery equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Telescopic sights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Decoys and game calls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ammunition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hand loading equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunting dogs and associated costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Auxiliary equipment, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Camping equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Binoculars, field glasses, telescopes, etc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Special hunting clothing, rubber boots, waders, and foul weather gear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Processing and taxidermy costs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Special equipment2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. 1 2 691,288 260,690 203,473 57,217 *265,875 *14,771 *251,104 164,723 25,267 11,452 65,155 *12,396 43,721 6,732 301 114 89 25 *116 *6 *110 72 11 5 28 *5 19 3 1,895 1,650 1,650 202 *1,716 *57 *1,699 577 89 120 92 *39 250 153 83 72 72 9 *75 *2 *74 25 4 5 4 *2 11 7 365 158 123 283 *155 *258 *148 285 284 96 707 *319 175 44 416,107 156,615 ... 143,235 ... ... ... ... 72,570 88,432 *1,640 79,707 17,072 67,708 ... *7,429 37,940 *19,274 ... *174,045 181 68 ... 62 ... ... ... ... 32 39 *1 35 7 30 ... *3 17 *8 ... *76 1,029 221 ... 216 ... ... ... ... 361 745 *24 153 127 247 ... *26 180 *59 ... *51 45 10 ... 9 ... ... ... ... 16 33 *1 7 6 11 ... *1 8 *3 ... *2 404 709 ... 662 ... ... ... ... 201 119 *69 521 135 274 ... *291 211 *326 ... *3,394 ... Sample size too small to report data reliably. Boating costs include launching, mooring, storage, maintenance, insurance, pumpout fees, and fuel. Special equipment includes boats, campers, cabins, trail bikes, etc. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. 76 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Table 21. Trip and Equipment Expenditures for Hunting Other Animals: 2006 (Population 16 years old and older) Expenditures Expenditure item Amount (thousands of dollars) 207,856 Average per hunter (dollars) 184 Number (thousands) 799 Spenders Percent of hunters 71 Average per spender (dollars) 260 Total, all items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TRIP-RELATED EXPENDITURES Total trip-related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food and lodging, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Public . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other trip costs, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Guide fees, pack trip or package fees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Public land use fees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Private land use fees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Equipment rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Boating costs1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Heating and cooking fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EQUIPMENT EXPENDITURES Hunting equipment, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Firearms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rifles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Shotguns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Muzzleloaders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pistols, handguns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bows, arrows, archery equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Telescopic sights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Decoys and game calls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ammunition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hand loading equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunting dogs and associated costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Auxiliary equipment, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Camping equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Binoculars, field glasses, telescopes, etc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Special hunting clothing, rubber boots, waders, and foul weather gear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Processing and taxidermy costs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Special equipment2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. 1 2 142,667 51,953 47,175 *4,778 *83,871 ... ... 6,842 ... ... ... ... ... *1,832 126 46 42 *4 *74 ... ... 6 ... ... ... ... ... *2 775 592 592 *34 *627 ... ... 127 ... ... ... ... ... *74 69 52 52 *3 *56 ... ... 11 ... ... ... ... ... *7 184 88 80 *139 *134 ... ... 54 ... ... ... ... ... *25 50,527 *27,563 *18,167 ... ... ... ... *2,067 *1,909 4,497 *1,295 ... *2,192 *14,662 ... ... ... ... ... ... 45 *24 *16 ... ... ... ... *2 *2 4 *1 ... *2 *13 ... ... ... ... ... ... 154 *36 *18 ... ... ... ... *12 *44 90 *10 ... *15 *41 ... ... ... ... ... ... 14 *3 *2 ... ... ... ... *1 *4 8 *1 ... *1 *4 ... ... ... ... ... ... 328 *762 *1,002 ... ... ... ... *166 *44 50 *128 ... *142 *355 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Sample size too small to report data reliably. Boating costs include launching, mooring, storage, maintenance, insurance, pumpout fees, and fuel. Special equipment includes boats, campers, cabins, trail bikes, etc. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation 77 Table 22. Special Equipment Expenditures for Fishing and Hunting: 2006 (Population 16 years old and older) Expenditures Special equipment item Amount (thousands of dollars) 26,910,442 4,555,033 1,748,529 174,122 1,004,204 13,838,464 *1,897,951 3,396,880 295,259 Average per sportsperson (dollars) 793 134 52 5 30 408 *56 100 9 Number (thousands) 3,203 505 222 365 996 952 *31 666 234 Spenders Percent of sportspersons 9 1 1 1 3 3 *(Z) 2 1 Average per spender (dollars) 8,402 9,013 7,885 477 1,009 14,537 *61,573 5,099 1,263 Total, all items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Motorboat (other than bass boat) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bass boat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Canoe, other non-motorboat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Boat motor, trailer or hitch, and other boat accessories. . . . . . . Travel or tent trailer, pickup, camper, van, motor home, recreational vehicle (RV), house trailer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cabin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trail bike, dune buggy, 4x4 vehicle, 4-wheeler, snowmobile . . Other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. (Z) Less than 0.5 percent. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. Table 23. Anglers and Hunters Who Purchased Licenses or Were Exempt: 2006 (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Anglers Sportspersons Number Total sportspersons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total license purchasers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sportspersons purchasing licenses: In state of residence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . In other states . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total exempt from purchasing licenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sportspersons exempt from license purchase: In state of residence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . In other states . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 Hunters Percent 100 65 60 11 16 15 2 25 2 Number 12,510 10,054 9,591 1,286 2,288 2,138 239 1,233 133 Percent 100 80 77 10 18 17 2 10 1 29,952 19,498 18,070 3,435 4,725 4,371 562 7,456 543 1 Includes persons who had licenses bought for them. Does not include persons who purchased licenses and did not fish or hunt in 2006. Includes persons engaged in activities requiring no licenses or exemptions and those who failed to buy a license for activities requiring a license. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. Respondents could have been licensed in one state and exempt in another. 78 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Table 24. Selected Characteristics of Anglers and Hunters Who Purchased Licenses: 2006 (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Anglers Characteristic Total Number Total persons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Population Density of Residence Urban . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rural . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Population Size of Residence Metropolitan statistical area (MSA) . . . 1,000,000 or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250,000 to 999,999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Less than 249,999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Outside MSA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Census Geographic Division New England . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Middle Atlantic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . East North Central . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . West North Central. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South Atlantic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . East South Central . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . West South Central. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mountain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pacific . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Age 16 18 25 35 45 55 65 to 17 to 24 to 34 to 44 to 54 to 64 years years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . and older . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,952 18,303 11,649 21,815 11,735 5,889 4,190 8,138 1,246 2,550 5,190 3,284 6,116 2,436 3,952 2,084 3,094 1,103 2,406 4,857 7,476 6,647 4,616 2,847 22,337 7,615 1,576 28,377 27,490 1,515 324 624 733 1,380 1,427 1,319 1,510 1,543 2,766 5,981 4,074 5,167 4,051 4,040 10,266 7,590 5,115 2,941 12,362 5,609 6,102 5,743 Purchased a license1 Did not purchase a license2 Total Hunters Purchased a license1 Did not purchase a license2 Percent 20 18 21 19 21 22 13 20 12 11 13 19 31 27 26 11 17 20 20 17 18 17 17 40 19 28 *29 19 19 *36 ... 29 28 29 27 21 17 22 20 18 17 17 20 23 20 19 18 19 25 18 17 15 Percent Number 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 19,498 11,695 7,803 14,050 7,264 3,830 2,957 5,447 722 1,456 3,702 2,489 3,290 1,453 2,376 1,635 2,375 565 1,499 3,407 4,844 4,635 3,295 1,253 15,170 4,328 889 18,608 18,144 823 194 337 395 849 804 831 1,006 1,068 1,903 4,020 2,782 3,328 2,511 2,307 6,938 5,074 3,293 1,887 6,688 3,816 4,431 4,479 Percent Number 65 64 67 64 62 65 71 67 58 57 71 76 54 60 60 78 77 51 62 70 65 70 71 44 68 57 56 66 66 54 60 54 54 62 56 63 67 69 69 67 68 64 62 57 68 67 64 64 54 68 73 78 10,455 6,608 3,846 7,764 4,472 2,059 1,234 2,690 524 1,094 1,488 795 2,827 983 1,576 449 719 538 907 1,450 2,632 2,013 1,322 1,594 7,167 3,287 686 9,769 9,346 692 130 287 338 531 623 488 503 475 863 1,961 1,293 1,839 1,540 1,733 3,329 2,516 1,822 1,054 5,674 1,793 1,671 1,264 Percent Number 35 36 33 36 38 35 29 33 42 43 29 24 46 40 40 22 23 49 38 30 35 30 29 56 32 43 44 34 34 46 40 46 46 38 44 37 33 31 31 33 32 36 38 43 32 33 36 36 46 32 27 22 12,510 5,675 6,835 7,785 3,551 2,143 2,092 4,724 374 1,520 2,376 1,779 1,884 1,101 1,810 868 798 501 968 2,058 3,074 2,870 1,852 1,186 11,351 1,159 424 12,085 12,028 194 50 238 223 580 486 567 737 670 1,209 2,754 1,739 1,977 1,568 1,724 4,896 3,235 1,750 904 4,198 2,589 3,052 2,638 Percent Number 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 10,054 4,628 5,426 6,298 2,798 1,673 1,827 3,756 329 1,351 2,057 1,435 1,300 807 1,348 769 658 400 777 1,717 2,526 2,384 1,540 710 9,223 832 299 9,755 9,716 124 *47 168 161 411 356 446 609 525 968 2,245 1,437 1,646 1,248 1,336 3,930 2,626 1,431 732 3,144 2,125 2,534 2,244 Percent Number 80 82 79 81 79 78 87 80 88 89 87 81 69 73 74 89 83 80 80 83 82 83 83 60 81 72 71 81 81 64 *95 71 72 71 73 79 83 78 80 82 83 83 80 77 80 81 82 81 75 82 83 85 2,455 1,047 1,409 1,487 752 470 265 968 45 168 318 344 584 294 462 99 139 101 191 341 548 485 312 476 2,128 327 *125 2,330 2,313 *70 ... 70 62 168 130 120 128 145 241 509 302 331 319 389 966 609 319 172 1,054 464 518 395 Sex Male. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ethnicity Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Non-Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Race White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Asian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . All others . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Annual Household Income Less than $10,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $10,000 to $19,999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $20,000 to $24,999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $25,000 to $29,999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $30,000 to $34,999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $35,999 to $39,999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $40,000 to $49,999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $50,000 to $74,999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $75,000 to $99,999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $100,000 or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Education 11 years or less . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 to 3 years college . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 years college . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 or more years college . . . . . . . . . . . . Days of Participation 1 to 5 days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 to 10 days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 to 25 days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 days or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. 1 2 ... Sample size too small to report data reliably. Includes persons who purchased a license in 2006 in any state. Respondents could have been licensed in one state and exempt in another. Includes those persons who did not purchase a license in any state in 2006 and those who did not specify a license purchase in 2006. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation 79 Table 25. Freshwater Anglers and Days of Fishing by Type of Water: 2006 (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands. Excludes Great Lakes fishing) Anglers Type of water Number Total, all types of water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lakes, reservoirs, and ponds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rivers and streams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. Days of fishing Percent 100 84 45 Number 419,942 304,452 135,950 Percent 100 72 32 25,035 21,129 11,253 Table 26. Great Lakes Anglers and Days of Fishing by Great Lake: 2006 (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Anglers Great Lake Number Total, all Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lake Ontario, including the Niagara River. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lake Erie, including the Detroit River . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lake Huron, including St. Mary’s River System . . . . . . . . . . . . Lake Michigan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lake Superior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lake St. Clair, including the St. Clair River . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . St. Lawrence River . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tributaries to the Great Lakes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. Days of fishing Percent 100 15 37 *7 33 *6 ... ... 9 Number 18,016 1,245 4,651 *811 5,647 *2,123 ... ... 1,204 Percent 100 7 26 *5 31 *12 ... ... 7 1,420 218 526 *93 474 *89 ... ... 134 ... Sample size too small to report data reliably. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. Table 27. Hunters and Days of Hunting on Public and Private Land by Type of Hunting: 2006 (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Total, all hunting Hunters and days of hunting Number HUNTERS Total, all land . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Public land, total . . . . . . . . . . . Public land only . . . . . . . . . . . Public and private land . . . . . Private land, total. . . . . . . . . . . Private land only . . . . . . . . . . Private and public land . . . . . DAYS OF HUNTING Total, all land . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Public land1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Private land2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 Big game Number Percent Small game Number Percent Migratory bird Number Percent Other animals Number Percent Percent 12,510 4,901 1,888 3,013 10,206 7,193 3,013 100 39 15 24 82 58 24 10,682 3,784 1,717 2,066 8,571 6,504 2,066 100 35 16 19 80 61 19 4,797 1,681 824 857 3,795 2,939 857 100 35 17 18 79 61 18 2,293 798 412 386 1,740 1,354 386 100 35 18 17 76 59 17 1,128 311 149 162 928 766 162 100 28 13 14 82 68 14 219,925 54,433 164,319 100 25 75 164,061 37,301 120,092 100 23 73 52,395 12,532 38,080 100 24 73 19,770 5,722 13,441 100 29 68 15,205 2,820 12,248 100 19 81 Days of hunting on public land includes both days spent solely on public land and those spent on public and private land. Days of hunting on private land includes both days spent solely on private land and those spent on private and public land. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. 80 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Table 28. Hunters and Days of Hunting on Public Land by Selected Characteristic: 2006 (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Hunters Hunters on public land Characteristic Total hunters, public and private land 12,510 5,675 6,835 7,785 3,551 2,143 2,092 4,724 374 1,520 2,376 1,779 1,884 1,101 1,810 868 798 501 968 2,058 3,074 2,870 1,852 1,186 11,351 1,159 424 12,085 12,028 194 50 238 223 580 486 567 737 670 1,209 2,754 1,739 1,977 1,568 1,724 4,896 3,235 1,750 904 1 Days of hunting Days on public land2 Total days, public and private land 219,925 80,603 139,323 128,551 58,281 36,109 34,162 91,374 6,653 28,755 41,709 27,062 35,332 25,685 34,237 9,869 10,625 6,277 18,312 36,459 54,330 51,817 31,946 20,784 208,244 11,681 4,432 215,494 211,524 3,281 608 4,513 3,766 9,134 9,397 9,214 14,270 12,997 22,075 48,999 29,112 33,008 27,953 31,126 93,320 56,700 26,887 11,893 Percent of days on public land 100 47 53 60 26 17 17 40 3 14 16 12 12 7 10 13 13 3 7 18 24 23 15 9 95 5 3 97 96 *(Z) *1 3 2 4 3 5 6 4 12 22 14 15 14 12 41 30 11 6 Number 4,901 2,572 2,328 3,120 1,391 911 818 1,780 159 699 869 623 571 350 398 681 551 188 382 959 1,294 1,035 685 357 4,568 333 138 4,763 4,710 *33 *32 125 75 204 136 211 279 239 504 1,129 714 784 626 616 1,846 1,341 697 400 Percent of total hunters 39 45 34 40 39 43 39 38 43 46 37 35 30 32 22 78 69 38 39 47 42 36 37 30 40 29 32 39 39 *17 *65 53 34 35 28 37 38 36 42 41 41 40 40 36 38 41 40 44 Percent of hunters using public land 100 52 48 64 28 19 17 36 3 14 18 13 12 7 8 14 11 4 8 20 26 21 14 7 93 7 3 97 96 *1 *1 3 2 4 3 4 6 5 10 23 15 16 13 13 38 27 14 8 Number 54,433 25,563 28,870 32,555 14,289 9,233 9,033 21,878 1,680 7,680 8,469 6,328 6,642 3,910 5,487 6,959 7,278 1,646 3,960 10,047 13,105 12,382 8,257 5,036 51,674 2,759 1,864 52,569 52,234 *211 *417 1,570 990 1,992 1,742 2,538 3,516 2,315 6,477 11,742 7,368 8,395 7,356 6,435 22,212 16,334 6,165 3,287 Percent of total days 25 32 21 25 25 26 26 24 25 27 20 23 19 15 16 71 69 26 22 28 24 24 26 24 25 24 42 24 25 *6 *69 35 26 22 19 28 25 18 29 24 25 25 26 21 24 29 23 28 Total persons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Population Density of Residence Urban . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rural . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Population Size of Residence Metropolitan statistical area (MSA) . . . 1,000,000 or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250,000 to 999,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . Less than 249,999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Outside MSA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Census Geographic Division New England . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Middle Atlantic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . East North Central . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . West North Central. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South Atlantic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . East South Central . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . West South Central. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mountain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pacific . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Age 16 18 25 35 45 55 65 to 17 to 24 to 34 to 44 to 54 to 64 years years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . and older . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sex Male. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ethnicity Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Non-Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Race White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Asian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . All others . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Annual Household Income Less than $10,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $10,000 to $19,999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $20,000 to $24,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $25,000 to $29,999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $30,000 to $34,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $35,000 to $39,999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $40,000 to $49,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $50,000 to $74,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $75,000 to $99,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $100,000 or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Education 11 years or less . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 to 3 years college . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 years college . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 or more years college . . . . . . . . . . . . * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. 1 2 (Z) Less than 0.5 percent. Hunters on public land include those who hunted on both public and private land. Days of hunting on public land includes both days spent solely on public land and those spent on public and private land. Note: Percent of total hunters and percent of total days are based on the total hunters and total days columns for each row. Percent of hunters using public land and percent of days on public land are based on the total number of hunters on public land and total number of days on public land, respectively. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation 81 Table 29. Hunters and Days of Hunting on Private Land by Selected Characteristic: 2006 (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Hunters Hunters on private land Characteristic Total hunters, public and private land 12,510 5,675 6,835 7,785 3,551 2,143 2,092 4,724 374 1,520 2,376 1,779 1,884 1,101 1,810 868 798 501 968 2,058 3,074 2,870 1,852 1,186 11,351 1,159 424 12,085 12,028 194 50 238 223 580 486 567 737 670 1,209 2,754 1,739 1,977 1,568 1,724 4,896 3,235 1,750 904 (Z) Less than 0.5 percent. 1 Days of hunting Days on private land2 Total days, public and private land 219,925 80,603 139,323 128,551 58,281 36,109 34,162 91,374 6,653 28,755 41,709 27,062 35,332 25,685 34,237 9,869 10,625 6,277 18,312 36,459 54,330 51,817 31,946 20,784 208,244 11,681 4,432 215,494 211,524 3,281 608 4,513 3,766 9,134 9,397 9,214 14,270 12,997 22,075 48,999 29,112 33,008 27,953 31,126 93,320 56,700 26,887 11,893 Percent of days on private land 100 33 67 57 27 14 15 43 3 12 20 13 17 13 17 2 3 3 9 16 24 24 14 9 95 5 2 98 96 2 *(Z) 2 2 4 5 4 6 6 10 22 13 15 12 15 41 26 13 6 Percent of Number total hunters 10,206 4,311 5,895 6,234 2,818 1,709 1,707 3,972 314 1,208 2,039 1,608 1,655 1,020 1,573 355 436 392 787 1,697 2,501 2,326 1,502 1,002 9,288 919 312 9,894 9,835 167 *22 182 185 438 421 430 611 528 964 2,281 1,377 1,675 1,297 1,413 3,928 2,621 1,503 741 82 76 86 80 79 80 82 84 84 79 86 90 88 93 87 41 55 78 81 82 81 81 81 84 82 79 74 82 82 86 *43 77 83 75 87 76 83 79 80 83 79 85 83 82 80 81 86 82 Percent of hunters using private land 100 42 58 61 28 17 17 39 3 12 20 16 16 10 15 3 4 4 8 17 25 23 15 10 91 9 3 97 96 2 *(Z) 2 2 4 4 4 6 5 9 22 13 16 13 14 38 26 15 7 Number 164,319 54,671 109,649 93,046 44,195 23,816 25,035 71,273 4,689 20,411 32,062 22,150 27,688 21,755 28,236 3,050 4,278 4,592 14,092 27,087 39,891 39,447 23,618 15,593 155,560 8,759 2,584 161,735 158,186 2,695 *265 3,173 2,581 6,470 7,787 6,967 10,451 9,891 15,836 36,530 22,090 25,437 20,280 24,345 68,000 41,903 20,780 9,291 Percent of total days 75 68 79 72 76 66 73 78 70 71 77 82 78 85 82 31 40 73 77 74 73 76 74 75 75 75 58 75 75 82 *44 70 69 71 83 76 73 76 72 75 76 77 73 78 73 74 77 78 Total persons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Population Density of Residence Urban . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rural . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Population Size of Residence Metropolitan statistical area (MSA) . . . . . . 1,000,000 or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250,000 to 999,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Less than 249,999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Outside MSA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Census Geographic Division New England . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Middle Atlantic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . East North Central . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . West North Central . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South Atlantic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . East South Central . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . West South Central . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mountain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pacific . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Age 16 18 25 35 45 55 65 to 17 to 24 to 34 to 44 to 54 to 64 years years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . and older . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sex Male. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ethnicity Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Non-Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Race White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Asian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . All others . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Annual Household Income Less than $10,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $10,000 to $19,999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $20,000 to $24,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $25,000 to $29,999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $30,000 to $34,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $35,000 to $39,999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $40,000 to $49,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $50,000 to $74,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $75,000 to $99,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $100,000 or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Education 11 years or less . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 to 3 years college . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 years college . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 or more years college . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. 1 2 Hunters on private land include those who hunted on both private and public land. Days of hunting on private land includes both days spent solely on private land and those spent on private and public land. Note: Percent of total hunters and percent of total days are based on the total hunters and total days columns for each row. Percent of hunters using private land and percent of days on private land are based on the total number of hunters on private land and total number of days on private land, respectively. 82 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Table 30. Anglers Fishing From Boats and Days of Participation by Type of Fishing: 2006 (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Total, all fishing Number Total anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Anglers fishing from boats. . . . . . . . . . Total days of fishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Days fishing from boats . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,952 17,035 516,781 246,038 Percent 100 57 100 48 Freshwater, excludes Great Lakes Number 25,035 13,073 419,942 185,074 Percent 100 52 100 44 Great Lakes Number 1,420 1,054 18,016 10,728 Percent 100 74 100 60 Saltwater Number 7,717 5,304 85,663 50,236 Percent 100 69 100 59 Participants and days of fishing Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponses. Table 31. Anglers Fishing From Motorboats and Non-Motorboats: 2006 (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Anglers Anglers who use boats, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Anglers fishing most often from a motorboat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Anglers fishing most often from a non-motorboat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Note: Detail does not add to total because of nonresponses. Number 17,035 12,475 3,743 Percent 100 73 22 U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation 83 Table 32. Boats and Boat Launches Used by Anglers and Completion of Boating Safety Courses: 2006 (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Boating facts LENGTH OF BOAT USED MOST OFTEN Total anglers using boats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Less than 13 feet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 to 16 feet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 to 19 feet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 to 25 feet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 to 30 feet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 to 40 feet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 feet or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DISTANCE TO BOAT LAUNCH USED MOST OFTEN Total anglers using boats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Less than 1 mile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 to 5 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 to 10 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 to 20 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 to 30 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 to 40 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 to 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 to 75 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 to 100 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Did not use a boat launch. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . COMPLETED A BOATING SAFETY COURSE Total anglers using boats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Completed course . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Did not complete or attempt course . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Note: Detail does not add to total because of nonresponses. Number Percent 17,035 2,342 4,697 3,435 3,163 719 454 493 100 14 28 20 19 4 3 3 17,035 343 1,366 1,068 1,413 911 609 619 665 514 1,415 7,882 100 2 8 6 8 5 4 4 4 3 8 46 17,035 3,489 13,040 100 20 77 Table 33. Anglers Fishing Most Often From Boats Alone or With Others: 2006 (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Anglers and their boating companions Total anglers using boats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fished most often alone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fished most often with friends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fished most often with spouse/partner. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fished most often with children . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fished most often with parents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fished most often with other family . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fished most often with other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Number 17,035 1,854 7,819 5,042 3,746 1,594 3,897 611 Percent 100 11 46 30 22 9 23 4 Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponses. Adds to more than the total because anglers fished with people in more than one category. 84 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Table 34. Information Used by Anglers Fishing From Boats: 2006 Information sources and types TYPES OF INFORMATION Total anglers using boats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Directions to boat launch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Directions to fishing sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Boating rules and regulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fishing rules and regulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Water attributes (e.g., depth). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fish species . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Weather conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SOURCES OF INFORMATION Total anglers using boats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Published boating guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TV or radio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Call-in service center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . State fish and game agency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Magazines and newspapers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Boating, fishing, outdoor shows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Friends, family, other anglers/boaters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bait and tackle shop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponses. Number Percent 17,035 1,228 1,980 1,595 2,686 1,960 4,697 4,029 522 838 100 7 12 9 16 12 28 24 3 5 17,035 1,086 2,795 1,922 211 1,416 1,471 365 4,620 1,867 1,119 6,619 100 6 16 11 1 8 9 2 27 11 7 39 Table 35. Participation in Ice Fishing and Fly-Fishing: 2006 (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Anglers and days Total anglers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ice anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fly-anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total days of fishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Days of ice fishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Days of fly-fishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. Number 29,952 1,723 3,012 516,781 14,036 30,259 Percent 100 6 10 100 3 6 Table 36. Participation in Catch-and-Release Fishing: 2006 Anglers Total anglers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Anglers who caught fish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Anglers who caught fish they legally could have kept . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Anglers who released some fish they legally could have kept . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Anglers who released all fish they legally could have kept . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Percent of fish caught that were released . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X) Not applicable. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. Number 29,952 26,265 24,133 20,190 6,114 50 Percent 100 88 81 67 20 (X) U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation 85 Table 37. Hunters Using Bows and Arrows, Muzzleloaders, or Other Firearms: 2006 Hunters Total hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunters using bow and arrow. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunters using muzzleloader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunters using other firearm (e.g., shotgun, rifle) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total days of hunting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . With bow and arrow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . With muzzleloader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . With other firearm (e.g., shotgun, rifle) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. Number 12,510 3,501 2,484 11,633 219,925 50,027 16,787 147,176 Percent 100 28 20 93 100 23 8 67 Table 38. Land Owned or Leased for the Primary Purpose of Fishing or Hunting: 2006 (Population 16 years of age or older. Numbers in thousands) Fishing and hunting LAND OWNERSHIP Sportspersons Owning Land Total sportspersons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Acres Owned Total acres owned . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Acres for fishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Acres for hunting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Expenditures for Land Owned Total expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . For fishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . For hunting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . LAND LEASING Sportspersons Leasing Land Total sportspersons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Acres Leased Total acres leased . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Acres for fishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Acres for hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Expenditures for Land Leased Total expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . For fishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . For hunting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. Number Percent 2,132 967 1,336 100 45 63 167,733 33,395 134,338 100 20 80 7,923,079 4,276,492 3,646,587 100 54 46 1,055 229 860 100 22 82 226,416 9,647 216,769 100 4 96 1,063,263 322,496 740,767 100 30 70 86 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Table 39. Wildlife-Watching Participants by Type of Activity: 2006 (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Activity Total participants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Away from home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Observe wildlife. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Photograph wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Feed wildlife. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Number 71,132 22,977 21,546 11,708 7,084 Percent 100 32 30 16 10 Activity Around the home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Observe wildlife. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Photograph wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Feed wildlife. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Visit public parks or areas1 . . . . . . . . . Maintain plantings or natural areas . . Number 67,756 44,467 18,763 55,512 13,271 14,508 Percent 95 63 26 78 19 20 Includes visits only to parks or publicly held areas within one mile of home. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. Table 40. Participants, Area Visited, Trips, and Days of Participation in Wildlife Watching Away From Home: 2006 (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Participants, area visited, trips, and days of participation PARTICIPANTS Total participants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Observe wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Photograph wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Feed wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AREA VISITED Total, all areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Public only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Private only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Public and private . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TRIPS Total trips. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Average days per trip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DAYS Total days. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Observing wildlife. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Photographing wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Feeding wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Average days per participant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Observing wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Photographing wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Feeding wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X) Not applicable. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. Number Percent 22,977 21,546 11,708 7,084 100 94 51 31 22,977 12,199 2,534 6,175 2,069 100 53 11 27 9 232,643 2 100 (X) 352,070 291,027 103,872 77,329 15 14 9 11 100 83 30 22 (X) (X) (X) (X) U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation 87 Table 41. Participation in Wildlife-Watching Activities Around the Home: 2006 (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Activity Total around the home . . . . . . . . . . Observe wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Photograph wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . Feed wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Visit public parks or other public areas1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maintain natural areas . . . . . . . . . Maintain plantings . . . . . . . . . . . . . OBSERVE WILDLIFE Participants observing: Total, all wildlife. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Birds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Land mammals, all . . . . . . . . . . Large mammals . . . . . . . . . . . Small mammals . . . . . . . . . . . Amphibians or reptiles . . . . . . Insects or spiders . . . . . . . . . . . . Fish or other wildlife . . . . . . . . Participants observing: Total, 1 day or more . . . . . . . . . . 1 to 10 days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 to 20 days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 to 50 days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 to 100 days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 to 200 days . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201 days or more. . . . . . . . . . . . VISIT PUBLIC PARKS OR AREAS1 Participants visiting: Total, 1 day or more . . . . . . . . . . 1 to 5 days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 to 10 days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 days or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X) Not applicable. 1 Number 67,756 44,467 18,763 55,512 13,271 10,248 9,587 Percent Activity Number Percent 100 PHOTOGRAPH WILDLIFE 66 Participants photographing: 28 Total, 1 day or more . . . . . . . . . . 82 1 day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 to 3 days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 4 to 5 days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 6 to 10 days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 11 to 20 days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 days or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . FEED WILDLIFE 100 Participants feeding: 94 Total, all wildlife. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 Wild birds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 Other wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 29 MAINTAIN NATURAL AREAS 36 20 Participants maintaining: Total, all acreages. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 acre or less . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 2 to 10 acres. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 11 to 50 acres. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 More than 50 acres . . . . . . . . . 12 15 MAINTAIN PLANTINGS 15 Participants maintaining 28 plantings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participants spending: Less than $25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $25 to $75 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . More than $75 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 48 16 Average expenditure per participant for plantings . . . . . . . . . 35 18,763 2,671 5,451 2,446 2,846 1,972 2,866 100 14 29 13 15 11 15 44,467 41,821 36,644 21,295 33,934 12,750 15,983 9,067 44,467 9,402 3,332 5,437 6,516 6,486 12,434 55,512 53,350 19,177 100 96 35 10,248 6,379 2,625 820 369 100 62 26 8 4 9,587 3,975 2,283 2,833 $171 100 41 24 30 (X) 13,271 6,406 2,073 4,595 Includes visits only to parks or publicly held areas within 1 mile of home. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. 88 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Table 42. Away-From-Home Wildlife Watchers by Wildlife Observed, Photographed, or Fed and Place: 2006 (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Participation by place Wildlife observed, photographed, or fed Total participants Total Number Total, all wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total birds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Songbirds (cardinals, robins, etc.) . . . Birds of prey (hawks, eagles, etc.) . . . Waterfowl (ducks, geese, etc.) . . . . . . . Other water birds (shorebirds, herons, cranes, etc.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other birds (pheasants, turkeys, road runners, etc.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total land mammals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Large land mammals (deer, bear, etc.) Small land mammals (squirrel, prairie dog, etc.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fish (salmon, shark, etc.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . Marine mammals (whales, dolphins, etc.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other wildlife (turtles, butterflies, etc.) . . 22,977 20,025 13,715 14,018 15,362 11,535 8,805 16,192 12,761 13,446 6,754 3,384 10,358 Percent 100 87 60 61 67 50 38 70 56 59 29 15 45 Number 22,977 20,025 13,715 14,018 15,362 11,535 8,805 16,192 12,761 13,446 6,754 3,384 10,358 Percent 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 In state of residence Number 19,095 17,071 11,874 11,544 13,098 9,073 7,326 13,630 10,478 11,274 5,276 2,126 8,697 Percent 83 85 87 82 85 79 83 84 82 84 78 63 84 In other states Number 7,530 6,938 4,500 5,129 5,129 4,277 2,657 5,611 4,340 4,693 2,412 1,471 3,430 Percent 33 35 33 37 33 37 30 35 34 35 36 43 33 Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. Column showing percent of total participants is based on the ‘‘Total, all wildlife’’ number. Participation by place percent columns are based on the total number of participants for each type of wildlife. Table 43. Wild Bird Observers and Days of Observation: 2006 (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Observers and days of observation OBSERVERS Total bird observers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Around-the-home observers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Away-from-home observers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DAYS Total days observing birds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Around the home. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Away from home. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. Number Percent 47,693 41,821 19,860 100 88 42 5,473,398 5,202,536 270,861 100 95 5 U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation 89 Table 44. Expenditures for Wildlife Watching: 2006 (Population 16 years old and older) Spenders Expenditure item Expenditures (thousands of dollars) 45,654,960 Number (thousands) 55,979 Percent of wildlife-watching participants1 79 Average per spender (dollars) 816 Total, all items2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TRIP-RELATED EXPENDITURES Total trip-related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food and lodging, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Public . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Private . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other trip costs, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Guide fees, pack trip or package fees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Public land use fees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Private land use fees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Equipment rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Boating costs3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Heating and cooking fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EQUIPMENT AND OTHER EXPENSES Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wildlife-watching equipment, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Binoculars, spotting scopes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cameras, video cameras, special lenses, and other photographic equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Film and developing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bird food, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commercially prepared and packaged wild bird food . . . . . . Other bulk foods used to feed wild birds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Feed for other wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nest boxes, bird houses, feeders, baths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Day packs, carrying cases, and special clothing . . . . . . . . . . . . Other wildlife-watching equipment (such as field guides and maps) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Auxiliary equipment, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tents, tarps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Frame packs and backpacking equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other camping equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other auxiliary equipment (such as blinds) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Special equipment, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Off-the-road vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Travel or tent trailer, pickup, camper, van, motor home, house trailer, recreational vehicle (RV) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Boats, boat accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cabins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Magazines, books . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Land leasing and ownership . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Membership dues and contributions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Plantings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. 1 2 3 12,875,152 7,516,281 4,298,403 3,217,878 4,456,013 1,566,963 2,889,050 902,858 250,047 140,508 66,145 148,706 224,981 72,470 19,443 16,415 16,261 6,624 18,329 2,902 17,447 7,681 1,570 4,331 1,173 1,274 1,474 1,885 85 71 71 29 80 13 76 33 7 19 5 6 6 8 662 458 264 486 243 540 166 118 159 32 56 117 153 38 32,779,808 9,869,727 656,462 3,078,089 767,465 3,350,132 2,707,601 642,531 664,554 789,918 451,524 111,582 1,033,060 243,670 140,371 368,281 280,739 12,271,266 3,819,030 5,329,261 1,824,071 ... *851,940 359,681 6,551,517 1,052,496 1,642,061 52,178 49,040 5,269 6,832 9,842 39,944 37,332 11,448 10,341 16,481 3,388 3,755 4,848 2,336 1,138 2,298 801 1,914 586 567 779 ... *205 9,490 871 7,932 6,543 (Z) Less than 0.5 percent. 73 69 7 10 14 56 52 16 15 23 5 5 7 3 2 3 1 3 1 1 1 ... *(Z) 13 1 11 9 628 201 125 451 78 84 73 56 64 48 133 30 213 104 123 160 350 6,411 6,520 9,402 2,341 ... *4,154 38 7,524 133 251 ... Sample size too small to report data reliably. Percent of wildlife-watching participants column is based on away-from-home participants for trip-related expenditures. For equipment and other expenditures the percent of wildlife-watching participants is based on total participants. Information on trip-related expenditures was collected for away-from-home participants only. Equipment and other expenditures are based on information collected from both away-from-home and around-the-home participants. Boating costs include launching, mooring, storage, maintenance, insurance, pumpout fees, and fuel. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. 90 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Table 45. Selected Characteristics of Participants in Wildlife-Watching Activities Away From Home: 2006 (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) U.S. population Characteristic Number Total persons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Population Density of Residence Urban . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rural. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Population Size of Residence Metropolitan statistical area (MSA) 1,000,000 or more . . . . . . . . . . 250,000 to 999,999 . . . . . . . . . Less than 249,999 . . . . . . . . . . . Outside MSA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Census Geographic Division New England . . . . . . . . . . Middle Atlantic . . . . . . . . . East North Central . . . . . . . West North Central . . . . . . . South Atlantic . . . . . . . . . . East South Central . . . . . . . West South Central . . . . . . Mountain . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pacific . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Age 16 18 25 35 45 55 65 to 17 to 24 to 34 to 44 to 54 to 64 years years . . . years . . . years . . . years . . . years . . . years . . . and older . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229,245 176,740 52,504 190,425 120,356 46,506 23,562 38,820 11,233 31,518 35,609 15,458 43,965 13,722 25,407 15,651 36,681 8,272 23,292 37,468 45,112 44,209 32,867 38,024 110,273 4,307 11,638 18,278 21,946 21,352 16,157 16,594 118,972 3,965 11,655 19,189 23,166 22,857 16,710 21,430 29,218 200,027 189,255 25,925 10,104 3,960 10,673 15,373 11,374 10,524 11,161 10,349 17,699 33,434 21,519 29,159 57,981 34,621 78,073 53,019 39,506 24,025 Percent 100 77 23 83 53 20 10 17 5 14 16 7 19 6 11 7 16 4 10 16 20 19 14 17 48 2 5 8 10 9 7 7 52 2 5 8 10 10 7 9 13 87 83 11 4 2 5 7 5 5 5 5 8 15 9 13 25 15 34 23 17 10 Number 71,132 46,641 24,491 55,477 31,523 15,483 8,471 15,655 4,489 8,723 12,215 6,741 12,862 4,931 6,764 4,968 9,439 1,441 3,279 7,813 14,881 16,542 13,544 13,633 33,397 756 1,517 3,561 7,291 8,242 6,203 5,827 37,735 684 1,762 4,252 7,590 8,300 7,341 7,806 4,055 67,077 65,961 2,630 1,276 1,264 2,284 3,820 2,616 3,233 3,115 3,430 6,623 13,345 8,623 12,433 11,609 6,920 21,818 18,022 13,781 10,591 Total wildlife-watching participants Percent who participated 31 26 47 29 26 33 36 40 40 28 34 44 29 36 27 32 26 17 14 21 33 37 41 36 30 18 13 19 33 39 38 35 32 17 15 22 33 36 44 36 14 34 35 10 13 32 21 25 23 31 28 33 37 40 40 43 20 20 28 34 35 44 Percent 100 66 34 78 44 22 12 22 6 12 17 9 18 7 10 7 13 2 5 11 21 23 19 19 47 1 2 5 10 12 9 8 53 1 2 6 11 12 10 11 6 94 93 4 2 2 3 5 4 5 4 5 9 19 12 17 16 10 31 25 19 15 Total away-from-home participants Number 22,977 15,483 7,494 17,892 10,294 4,870 2,729 5,085 1,340 2,729 3,792 2,163 3,208 1,758 2,127 2,004 3,856 583 1,083 3,053 6,045 5,225 4,437 2,551 11,819 231 470 1,469 3,350 2,716 2,320 1,262 11,159 352 613 1,584 2,695 2,509 2,117 1,289 1,422 21,556 21,525 686 414 353 623 919 776 881 1,115 1,030 2,145 4,716 3,449 4,620 2,704 1,406 6,102 6,155 4,905 4,409 Percent who participated 10 9 14 9 9 10 12 13 12 9 11 14 7 13 8 13 11 7 5 8 13 12 13 7 11 5 4 8 15 13 14 8 9 9 5 8 12 11 13 6 5 11 11 3 4 9 6 6 7 8 10 10 12 14 16 16 5 4 8 12 12 18 Percent 100 67 33 78 45 21 12 22 6 12 17 9 14 8 9 9 17 3 5 13 26 23 19 11 51 1 2 6 15 12 10 5 49 2 3 7 12 11 9 6 6 94 94 3 2 2 3 4 3 4 5 4 9 21 15 20 12 6 27 27 21 19 Sex Male, total 16 to 17 18 to 24 25 to 34 35 to 44 45 to 54 55 to 64 65 years ....... years. . . . years . . . years. . . . years. . . . years . . . years. . . . and older Female, total . . . . . . 16 to 17 years. . . . 18 to 24 years. . . . 25 to 34 years. . . . 35 to 44 years. . . . 45 to 54 years . . . 55 to 64 years. . . . 65 years and older. Ethnicity Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Non-Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Race White . . . Black . . . Asian . . . All others . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Annual Household Income Less than $10,000 . . . . . $10,000 to $19,999. . . . . $20,000 to $24,999 . . . . $25,000 to $29,999. . . . . $30,000 to $34,999 . . . . $35,000 to $39,999. . . . . $40,000 to $49,999 . . . . $50,000 to $74,999. . . . . $75,000 to $99,999 . . . . $100,000 or more . . . . . Not reported. . . . . . . . . . Education 11 years or less . . . . . . 12 years. . . . . . . . . . . . 1 to 3 years college . . . 4 years college . . . . . . . 5 or more years college. . . . . . See footnotes at end of table. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation 91 Table 45. Selected Characteristics of Participants in Wildlife-Watching Activities Away From Home: 2006—Continued (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Away-from-home participants Observe Characteristic Number Total persons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Population Density of Residence Urban . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rural. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Population Size of Residence Metropolitan statistical area (MSA) 1,000,000 or more . . . . . . . . . . 250,000 to 999,999 . . . . . . . . . Less than 249,999 . . . . . . . . . . Outside MSA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Census Geographic Division New England . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Middle Atlantic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . East North Central . . . . . . . . . . . . West North Central . . . . . . . . . . . . South Atlantic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . East South Central . . . . . . . . . . . . West South Central . . . . . . . . . . . . Mountain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pacific . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Age 16 to 17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 to 24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 to 34 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 to 44 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 to 54 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 to 64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 years and older . . . . . . . . . . . . Sex Male, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 to 24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 to 54 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 years and older . . . . . . . . . . Female, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 to 17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 to 24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 to 44 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 to 54 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 years and older. . . . . . . . . . . Ethnicity Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Non-Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Race White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Asian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . All others . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Annual Household Income Less than $10,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . $10,000 to $19,999. . . . . . . . . . . . $20,000 to $24,999 . . . . . . . . . . . $25,000 to $29,999. . . . . . . . . . . . $30,000 to $34,999 . . . . . . . . . . . $35,000 to $39,999. . . . . . . . . . . . $40,000 to $49,999 . . . . . . . . . . . $50,000 to $74,999 . . . . . . . . . . . $75,000 to $99,999 . . . . . . . . . . . $100,000 or more . . . . . . . . . . . . Not reported. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Education 11 years or less . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 to 3 years college . . . . . . . . . . . 4 years college . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 or more years college. . . . . . . . . ..... ..... ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,546 14,594 6,952 16,792 9,632 4,596 2,563 4,754 1,245 2,517 3,637 2,075 2,936 1,652 1,915 1,899 3,669 524 955 2,725 5,787 4,802 4,291 2,462 10,983 *217 420 1,300 3,172 2,449 2,212 1,214 10,562 *307 535 1,425 2,614 2,354 2,079 1,248 1,252 20,293 20,239 622 392 293 611 835 719 805 1,011 995 1,946 4,414 3,296 4,318 2,596 1,266 5,581 5,808 4,667 4,224 Percent who participated 9 8 13 9 8 10 11 12 11 8 10 13 7 12 8 12 10 6 4 7 13 11 13 6 10 *5 4 7 14 11 14 7 9 *8 5 7 11 10 12 6 4 10 11 2 4 7 6 5 6 8 9 10 11 13 15 15 4 4 7 11 12 18 Percent 100 68 32 78 45 21 12 22 6 12 17 10 14 8 9 9 17 2 4 13 27 22 20 11 51 *1 2 6 15 11 10 6 49 *1 2 7 12 11 10 6 6 94 94 3 2 1 3 4 3 4 5 5 9 20 15 20 12 6 26 27 22 20 Number 11,708 7,787 3,922 9,285 5,498 2,497 1,290 2,423 677 1,552 1,830 1,057 1,627 769 961 1,088 2,147 *289 554 1,512 3,043 2,793 2,361 1,156 5,795 *97 *169 760 1,582 1,367 1,183 637 5,914 *192 385 752 1,461 1,426 1,179 519 775 10,933 10,901 366 *213 228 *235 373 373 421 586 476 1,066 2,277 1,804 2,803 1,295 669 2,651 3,236 2,574 2,579 Percent who participated 5 4 7 5 5 5 5 6 6 5 5 7 4 6 4 7 6 *3 2 4 7 6 7 3 5 *2 *1 4 7 6 7 4 5 *5 3 4 6 6 7 2 3 5 6 1 *2 6 *2 2 3 4 5 5 6 7 8 10 2 2 3 6 7 11 Percent 100 67 33 79 47 21 11 21 6 13 16 9 14 7 8 9 18 *2 5 13 26 24 20 10 49 *1 *1 6 14 12 10 5 51 *2 3 6 12 12 10 4 7 93 93 3 *2 2 *2 3 3 4 5 4 9 19 15 24 11 6 23 28 22 22 Number 7,084 4,877 2,206 5,535 3,401 1,334 800 1,548 327 873 1,267 686 1,250 612 919 409 739 *125 346 871 2,092 1,479 1,321 848 3,348 ... *159 339 986 761 565 491 3,735 ... *187 533 1,106 719 756 358 503 6,581 6,496 *183 *232 *173 *214 303 357 265 525 359 669 1,288 1,176 1,064 863 499 2,057 2,084 1,297 1,147 Percent who participated 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 4 4 3 2 *2 1 2 5 3 4 2 3 ... *1 2 4 4 3 3 3 ... *2 3 5 3 5 2 2 3 3 *1 *2 *4 *2 2 3 3 5 3 4 4 5 4 1 1 3 4 3 5 Percent 100 69 31 78 48 19 11 22 5 12 18 10 18 9 13 6 10 *2 5 12 30 21 19 12 47 ... *2 5 14 11 8 7 53 ... *3 8 16 10 11 5 7 93 92 *3 *3 *2 *3 4 5 4 7 5 9 18 17 15 12 7 29 29 18 16 Photograph Feed ..... ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. ... Sample size too small to report data reliably. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. Percent who participated columns show the percent of each row’s population who participated in the activity named by the column. Percent columns show the percent of each column’s participants who are described by the row heading. 92 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Table 46. Selected Characteristics of Participants in Wildlife-Watching Activities Around the Home: 2006 (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) U.S. population Characteristic Number Total persons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Population Density of Residence Urban . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rural . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Population Size of Residence Metropolitan statistical area (MSA) 1,000,000 or more . . . . . . . . . . 250,000 to 999,999 . . . . . . . . . . Less than 249,999 . . . . . . . . . . Outside MSA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Census Geographic Division New England . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Middle Atlantic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . East North Central . . . . . . . . . . . . West North Central . . . . . . . . . . . . South Atlantic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . East South Central . . . . . . . . . . . . West South Central . . . . . . . . . . . . Mountain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pacific . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Age 16 to 17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 to 24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 to 34 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 to 44 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 to 54 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 to 64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 years and older . . . . . . . . . . . . Sex Male, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 to 34 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 to 54 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 years and older . . . . . . . . . . Female, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 to 17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 to 54 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 years and older. . . . . . . . . . . Ethnicity Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Non-Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Race White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Asian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . All others . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Annual Household Income Less than $10,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . $10,000 to $19,999. . . . . . . . . . . . $20,000 to $24,999 . . . . . . . . . . . $25,000 to $29,999. . . . . . . . . . . . $30,000 to $34,999 . . . . . . . . . . . $35,000 to $39,999. . . . . . . . . . . . $40,000 to $49,999 . . . . . . . . . . . $50,000 to $74,999. . . . . . . . . . . . $75,000 to $99,999 . . . . . . . . . . . $100,000 or more . . . . . . . . . . . . Not reported. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Education 11 years or less . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 to 3 years college . . . . . . . . . . . 4 years college . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 or more years college. . . . . . . . . See footnotes at end of table. Total wildlife-watching participants Number 71,132 46,641 24,491 55,477 31,523 15,483 8,471 15,655 4,489 8,723 12,215 6,741 12,862 4,931 6,764 4,968 9,439 1,441 3,279 7,813 14,881 16,542 13,544 13,633 33,397 756 1,517 3,561 7,291 8,242 6,203 5,827 37,735 684 1,762 4,252 7,590 8,300 7,341 7,806 4,055 67,077 65,961 2,630 1,276 1,264 2,284 3,820 2,616 3,233 3,115 3,430 6,623 13,345 8,623 12,433 11,609 6,920 21,818 18,022 13,781 10,591 Total around-the-home participants Number 67,756 44,064 23,692 52,820 30,000 14,763 8,057 14,936 4,310 8,451 11,845 6,447 12,432 4,683 6,319 4,605 8,664 1,285 2,969 7,149 13,800 16,051 13,042 13,460 31,456 692 1,369 3,258 6,632 7,947 5,816 5,742 36,300 593 1,600 3,891 7,169 8,104 7,226 7,718 3,604 64,152 62,872 2,482 1,259 1,144 2,218 3,724 2,538 3,107 2,893 3,189 6,415 12,599 7,996 11,757 11,322 6,621 20,876 17,018 13,246 9,995 Percent 100 77 23 83 53 20 10 17 5 14 16 7 19 6 11 7 16 4 10 16 20 19 14 17 48 2 5 8 10 9 7 7 52 2 5 8 10 10 7 9 13 87 83 11 4 2 5 7 5 5 5 5 8 15 9 13 25 15 34 23 17 10 Percent who participated 31 26 47 29 26 33 36 40 40 28 34 44 29 36 27 32 26 17 14 21 33 37 41 36 30 18 13 19 33 39 38 35 32 17 15 22 33 36 44 36 14 34 35 10 13 32 21 25 23 31 28 33 37 40 40 43 20 20 28 34 35 44 Percent 100 66 34 78 44 22 12 22 6 12 17 9 18 7 10 7 13 2 5 11 21 23 19 19 47 1 2 5 10 12 9 8 53 1 2 6 11 12 10 11 6 94 93 4 2 2 3 5 4 5 4 5 9 19 12 17 16 10 31 25 19 15 Percent who participated 30 25 45 28 25 32 34 38 38 27 33 42 28 34 25 29 24 16 13 19 31 36 40 35 29 16 12 18 30 37 36 35 31 15 14 20 31 35 43 36 12 32 33 10 12 29 21 24 22 30 26 31 36 38 37 40 20 19 27 32 34 42 Percent 100 65 35 78 44 22 12 22 6 12 17 10 18 7 9 7 13 2 4 11 20 24 19 20 46 1 2 5 10 12 9 8 54 1 2 6 11 12 11 11 5 95 93 4 2 2 3 5 4 5 4 5 9 19 12 17 17 10 31 25 20 15 229,245 176,740 52,504 190,425 120,356 46,506 23,562 38,820 11,233 31,518 35,609 15,458 43,965 13,722 25,407 15,651 36,681 8,272 23,292 37,468 45,112 44,209 32,867 38,024 110,273 4,307 11,638 18,278 21,946 21,352 16,157 16,594 118,972 3,965 11,655 19,189 23,166 22,857 16,710 21,430 29,218 200,027 189,255 25,925 10,104 3,960 10,673 15,373 11,374 10,524 11,161 10,349 17,699 33,434 21,519 29,159 57,981 34,621 78,073 53,019 39,506 24,025 ..... ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation 93 Table 46. Selected Characteristics of Participants in Wildlife-Watching Activities Around the Home: 2006—Continued (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Around-the-home participants Observe Characteristic Number Total persons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Population Density of Residence Urban . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rural. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Population Size of Residence Metropolitan statistical area (MSA) 1,000,000 or more . . . . . . . . . . 250,000 to 999,999 . . . . . . . . . Less than 249,999 . . . . . . . . . . Outside MSA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Census Geographic Division New England . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Middle Atlantic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . East North Central . . . . . . . . . . . . West North Central . . . . . . . . . . . . South Atlantic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . East South Central . . . . . . . . . . . . West South Central . . . . . . . . . . . . Mountain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pacific . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Age 16 to 17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 to 24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 to 34 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 to 44 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 to 54 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 to 64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 years and older . . . . . . . . . . . . Sex Male, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 to 34 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 to 54 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 to 64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 years and older . . . . . . . . . . Female, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 to 17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 to 34 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 to 44 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 to 54 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 to 64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 years and older. . . . . . . . . . . Ethnicity Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Non-Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Race White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Asian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . All others . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Annual Household Income Less than $10,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . $10,000 to $19,999. . . . . . . . . . . . $20,000 to $24,999. . . . . . . . . . . . $25,000 to $29,999. . . . . . . . . . . . $30,000 to $34,999 . . . . . . . . . . . $35,000 to $39,999. . . . . . . . . . . . $40,000 to $49,999 . . . . . . . . . . . $50,000 to $74,999 . . . . . . . . . . . $75,000 to $99,999 . . . . . . . . . . . $100,000 or more . . . . . . . . . . . . Not reported. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Education 11 years or less . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 to 3 years college . . . . . . . . . . . 4 years college . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 or more years college. . . . . . . . . ..... ..... ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44,467 28,296 16,171 34,307 18,989 9,743 5,575 10,159 3,080 5,375 7,459 4,472 7,854 3,225 3,995 3,093 5,915 682 1,655 4,300 9,019 10,600 9,230 8,982 20,272 291 758 2,022 4,333 5,093 4,027 3,747 24,195 390 897 2,278 4,686 5,506 5,202 5,235 2,042 42,425 41,544 1,511 662 749 1,397 2,192 1,644 1,832 2,058 2,106 4,023 8,349 5,192 8,133 7,540 4,015 12,827 11,316 9,046 7,262 Percent who participated 19 16 31 18 16 21 24 26 27 17 21 29 18 23 16 20 16 8 7 11 20 24 28 24 18 7 7 11 20 24 25 23 20 10 8 12 20 24 31 24 7 21 22 6 7 19 13 14 14 17 18 20 23 25 24 28 13 12 16 21 23 30 Percent 100 64 36 77 43 22 13 23 7 12 17 10 18 7 9 7 13 2 4 10 20 24 21 20 46 1 2 5 10 11 9 8 54 1 2 5 11 12 12 12 5 95 93 3 1 2 3 5 4 4 5 5 9 19 12 18 17 9 29 25 20 16 Number 18,763 11,622 7,141 14,639 8,688 3,909 2,041 4,125 1,275 2,127 3,380 1,597 3,402 1,074 2,041 1,312 2,554 443 739 2,236 4,512 4,905 3,548 2,381 9,033 *230 406 1,018 2,185 2,479 1,539 1,176 9,731 *212 333 1,219 2,327 2,425 2,009 1,206 708 18,055 17,560 546 402 255 391 705 437 778 659 714 1,643 3,961 2,606 4,078 2,793 1,057 4,986 5,092 4,250 3,378 Percent who participated 8 7 14 8 7 8 9 11 11 7 9 10 8 8 8 8 7 5 3 6 10 11 11 6 8 *5 3 6 10 12 10 7 8 *5 3 6 10 11 12 6 2 9 9 2 4 6 4 5 4 7 6 7 9 12 12 14 5 3 6 10 11 14 Percent 100 62 38 78 46 21 11 22 7 11 18 9 18 6 11 7 14 2 4 12 24 26 19 13 48 *1 2 5 12 13 8 6 52 *1 2 6 12 13 11 6 4 96 94 3 2 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 9 21 14 22 15 6 27 27 23 18 Number 53,350 33,540 19,810 40,866 22,590 11,606 6,670 12,484 3,337 6,668 9,631 5,190 10,100 3,956 5,387 3,096 5,986 844 2,104 4,938 10,337 12,771 10,769 11,587 24,001 456 1,009 2,087 4,892 5,998 4,686 4,873 29,350 388 1,095 2,851 5,445 6,773 6,083 6,714 2,459 50,891 49,559 1,931 953 907 1,791 3,135 2,168 2,368 2,235 2,475 5,062 10,264 6,327 8,758 8,767 5,246 17,099 13,556 9,915 7,534 Percent who participated 23 19 38 21 19 25 28 32 30 21 27 34 23 29 21 20 16 10 9 13 23 29 33 30 22 11 9 11 22 28 29 29 25 10 9 15 24 30 36 31 8 25 26 7 9 23 17 20 19 22 20 24 29 31 29 30 15 15 22 26 25 31 Percent 100 63 37 77 42 22 13 23 6 12 18 10 19 7 10 6 11 2 4 9 19 24 20 22 45 1 2 4 9 11 9 9 55 1 2 5 10 13 11 13 5 95 93 4 2 2 3 6 4 4 4 5 9 19 12 16 16 10 32 25 19 14 Photograph Feed wild birds ..... ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. Percent who participated columns show the percent of each row’s population who participated in the activity named by the column. Percent columns show the percent of each column’s participants who are described by the row heading. 94 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Table 47. Land Owned or Leased for the Primary Purpose of Wildlife Watching: 2006 (Population 16 years of age or older. Numbers in thousands) Wildlife watching Land Ownership for Wildlife Watching Participants owning land. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Acres owned . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Expenditures for owned land . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Land Leasing for Wildlife Watching Participants leasing land . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Acres leased. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Expenditures for leased land. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. (X) Not applicable. Number 1,121 38,276 6,235,351 *192 *11,878 *316,166 Average per person (X) 34 5,562 (X) *62 *1,646 Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. Table 48. Participation of Wildlife-Watching Participants in Fishing and Hunting: 2006 (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Total Type of fishing and hunting Number Total participants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nonsportspersons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sportspersons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,132 53,496 17,636 15,621 7,149 Percent 100 75 25 22 10 Number 22,977 14,386 8,591 7,596 3,705 Percent 100 63 37 33 16 Number 67,756 52,395 15,361 13,657 6,195 Percent 100 77 23 20 9 Away from home Around the home Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. Table 49. Participation of Sportspersons in Wildlife-Watching Activities: 2006 (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Sportspersons Wildlife-watching activity Number Total sportspersons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sportspersons who: Did not engage in wildlife-watching activities . . Engaged in wildlife-watching activities . . . . . . . Away from home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Around the home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,280 17,636 8,591 15,361 48 52 25 45 14,332 15,621 7,596 13,657 48 52 25 46 5,361 7,149 3,705 6,195 43 57 30 50 33,916 Percent 100 Number 29,952 Percent 100 Number 12,510 Percent 100 Anglers Hunters Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation 95 Table 50. Participation in Wildlife-Associated Recreation by State Residents Inside and Outside Their Resident State: 2006 (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Total participants Participant’s state of residence Population United States, total . . . . Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Massachusetts . . . . . . . . . . . Michigan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Hampshire . . . . . . . . . . New Jersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . North Carolina . . . . . . . . . . North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . . . South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229,245 3,550 499 4,585 2,156 27,299 3,605 2,735 669 14,233 6,910 1,014 1,102 9,767 4,799 2,339 2,110 3,260 3,433 1,074 4,333 5,032 7,804 4,021 2,214 4,521 753 1,359 1,895 1,044 6,734 1,500 14,990 6,719 507 8,889 2,743 2,889 9,793 842 3,315 601 4,699 17,076 1,808 506 5,893 4,980 1,458 4,350 405 Number 87,465 1,417 288 1,233 1,082 6,804 1,735 1,223 256 4,626 2,415 227 564 2,886 2,279 1,306 979 1,667 1,106 717 1,549 1,931 3,651 2,480 896 2,496 510 552 530 527 1,826 601 4,103 2,816 232 4,022 1,372 1,531 4,165 355 1,283 327 2,287 5,481 764 311 2,500 2,315 735 2,217 229 Percent of population 38 40 58 27 50 25 48 45 38 33 35 22 51 30 47 56 46 51 32 67 36 38 47 62 40 55 68 41 28 51 27 40 27 42 46 45 50 53 43 42 39 54 49 32 42 62 42 46 50 51 57 Sportspersons Number 33,916 707 149 418 551 1,783 593 297 85 2,004 1,161 100 259 1,109 822 518 425 670 678 266 521 472 1,371 1,280 537 1,096 232 234 182 141 562 224 1,236 1,038 145 1,488 602 550 1,415 86 595 136 775 2,668 351 91 857 764 364 1,185 113 Percent of population 15 20 30 9 26 7 16 11 13 14 17 10 24 11 17 22 20 21 20 25 12 9 18 32 24 24 31 17 10 14 8 15 8 15 29 17 22 19 14 10 18 23 16 16 19 18 15 15 25 27 28 Wildlife-watching participants Number 71,132 1,006 207 988 859 5,799 1,459 1,102 212 3,520 1,819 160 432 2,355 1,825 1,111 787 1,341 712 600 1,334 1,725 2,947 1,946 618 2,059 412 438 420 471 1,537 490 3,548 2,267 134 3,379 1,082 1,266 3,638 312 943 266 1,966 4,111 574 279 2,126 2,007 585 1,710 194 Percent of population 31 28 42 22 40 21 40 40 32 25 26 16 39 24 38 48 37 41 21 56 31 34 38 48 28 46 55 32 22 45 23 33 24 34 26 38 39 44 37 37 28 44 42 24 32 55 36 40 40 39 48 Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. U.S. totals include responses from participants residing in the District of Columbia, as described in Appendix D. 96 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Table 51. Participation in Wildlife-Associated Recreation in Each State by Both Residents and Nonresidents of the State: 2006 (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) State where activity took place United States, total . . . . Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Massachusetts . . . . . . . . . . . Michigan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Hampshire . . . . . . . . . . New Jersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . North Carolina . . . . . . . . . . North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . . . South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total participants Number 87,465 1,719 691 1,546 1,419 7,385 2,234 1,332 395 5,886 2,773 366 1,005 3,126 2,610 1,455 1,107 1,906 1,221 1,007 1,867 2,205 4,217 2,970 1,138 2,876 950 650 788 839 2,100 947 4,595 3,412 279 4,247 1,472 1,837 4,663 527 1,653 572 2,824 6,029 1,132 545 2,866 2,739 994 2,913 762 Percent 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Sportspersons Number 33,916 962 315 493 790 1,814 813 309 189 2,815 1,308 162 440 1,004 886 552 544 820 769 411 707 532 1,685 1,571 656 1,300 378 259 177 258 696 316 1,428 1,361 190 1,488 684 661 1,520 163 893 251 969 2,940 437 150 1,045 818 488 1,582 264 Percent 39 56 46 32 56 25 36 23 48 48 47 44 44 32 34 38 49 43 63 41 38 24 40 53 58 45 40 40 22 31 33 33 31 40 68 35 46 36 33 31 54 44 34 49 39 27 36 30 49 54 35 Wildlife-watching participants Number 71,132 1,161 496 1,277 1,011 6,270 1,819 1,170 285 4,240 1,987 262 754 2,566 2,042 1,205 816 1,475 738 801 1,491 1,919 3,227 2,093 731 2,248 755 490 686 710 1,713 787 3,852 2,641 148 3,489 1,110 1,484 3,947 436 1,115 432 2,362 4,225 877 468 2,312 2,331 743 2,039 643 Percent 81 68 72 83 71 85 81 88 72 72 72 72 75 82 78 83 74 77 60 80 80 87 77 70 64 78 79 75 87 85 82 83 84 77 53 82 75 81 85 83 67 75 84 70 77 86 81 85 75 70 84 Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. U.S. totals include responses from participants residing in the District of Columbia, as described in Appendix D. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation 97 Table 52. Expenditures for Wildlife-Related Recreation by State Where Spending Took Place: 2006 (Population 16 years old and older. Expenditures in thousands of dollars) State where spending took place United States, total . . . . Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Massachusetts . . . . . . . . . . . Michigan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Hampshire . . . . . . . . . . New Jersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . North Carolina . . . . . . . . . . North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . . . South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . See footnotes at end of table. Total, wildlife-associated expenditures Total 122,304,987 2,188,366 1,255,021 2,060,295 2,093,535 7,975,145 2,972,516 873,137 298,979 8,115,284 3,542,304 373,778 921,985 2,393,450 2,200,587 1,033,723 838,316 1,870,689 2,023,585 1,499,097 1,575,094 1,614,739 5,134,320 4,298,979 1,071,563 3,376,385 1,129,300 639,982 916,183 559,942 1,663,140 822,115 3,526,906 2,711,328 269,150 3,157,972 1,424,671 1,995,580 5,402,046 381,086 2,455,112 549,769 2,329,427 9,167,954 1,288,534 383,376 2,353,483 3,055,034 904,973 3,918,727 1,078,978 Trip-related 37,432,326 808,343 922,526 714,360 569,231 3,431,669 1,126,076 189,759 75,302 3,017,044 754,626 268,563 467,679 616,175 451,791 305,785 301,936 437,134 604,540 355,461 425,438 482,766 1,185,544 1,297,727 323,568 912,363 585,233 129,760 259,899 222,382 690,158 429,743 1,481,998 1,029,862 116,473 914,655 571,611 637,590 897,758 180,041 843,694 305,618 727,111 2,862,119 577,456 119,682 768,146 870,765 369,037 1,282,746 473,584 Equipment 64,137,178 1,149,125 270,541 1,151,984 1,089,988 4,055,460 1,722,970 596,284 203,737 4,189,608 2,139,230 98,427 385,120 1,461,258 1,501,804 595,413 478,352 1,226,197 989,792 951,465 1,042,077 930,257 2,783,944 2,182,729 491,271 1,685,842 471,741 412,621 529,124 224,050 804,007 282,632 1,553,726 1,449,506 137,318 1,859,639 768,708 1,213,970 3,912,745 126,323 1,324,978 166,547 1,314,601 4,695,522 658,473 206,143 1,412,796 1,599,076 435,423 1,433,705 231,797 Other 20,735,483 230,899 61,954 193,951 434,316 488,016 123,470 87,095 19,940 908,633 648,448 6,787 69,186 316,017 246,992 132,525 58,028 207,358 429,252 192,172 107,580 201,716 1,164,833 818,522 256,724 778,180 72,326 97,601 127,159 113,510 168,975 109,741 491,181 231,959 15,359 383,678 84,352 144,020 591,543 74,722 286,441 77,604 287,716 1,610,312 52,605 57,551 172,540 585,192 100,513 1,202,276 373,598 Total 76,650,027 1,738,363 673,969 1,221,988 1,486,462 3,795,562 1,584,779 363,187 168,146 5,033,788 1,926,988 163,363 656,601 1,259,594 1,266,667 715,716 682,131 1,328,630 1,711,155 633,454 938,880 859,776 3,511,799 3,600,090 895,717 2,507,310 752,849 498,071 553,954 286,023 1,125,691 524,941 1,959,277 1,794,425 246,238 1,970,269 1,096,011 1,219,166 3,959,365 166,840 1,904,335 366,466 1,337,066 6,228,935 724,091 260,504 1,393,293 1,552,723 663,372 3,174,037 684,109 Fishing and hunting expenditures Trip-related 24,557,174 656,678 410,924 338,103 454,352 1,434,117 588,649 136,733 62,174 2,129,102 607,904 83,464 274,211 410,199 308,177 251,373 249,158 321,021 542,718 176,998 354,981 333,987 846,356 1,026,234 254,981 692,431 282,608 107,019 100,964 106,246 543,858 221,465 786,275 782,956 111,521 707,402 436,744 375,165 572,767 82,634 647,890 175,688 399,871 2,437,922 255,433 61,463 520,125 429,113 232,902 1,022,580 173,595 Equipment 40,963,125 890,573 233,737 862,688 775,713 2,123,820 905,502 201,185 93,523 2,459,456 893,170 77,922 322,363 680,337 830,209 396,223 388,057 852,162 801,384 358,414 516,067 436,249 2,003,686 1,811,891 404,718 1,275,031 417,110 304,273 419,308 148,584 538,907 200,679 918,420 860,848 120,339 1,121,338 591,140 771,151 2,983,892 77,439 1,043,543 119,571 881,063 2,915,351 431,781 175,682 785,935 1,004,370 358,355 1,148,520 167,057 Other 11,129,728 191,111 29,308 21,197 256,397 237,625 90,628 25,269 12,449 445,231 425,913 1,977 60,027 169,058 128,282 68,120 44,916 155,446 367,053 98,041 67,832 89,539 661,757 761,964 236,018 539,848 53,131 86,780 33,682 31,193 42,926 102,797 254,582 150,621 14,377 141,529 68,127 72,850 402,705 6,767 212,902 71,207 56,132 875,662 36,877 23,358 87,233 119,240 72,115 1,002,937 343,457 98 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Table 52. Expenditures for Wildlife-Related Recreation by State Where Spending Took Place: 2006—Continued (Population 16 years old and older. Expenditures in thousands of dollars) State where spending took place United States, total . . . . Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Massachusetts . . . . . . . . . . . Michigan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Hampshire . . . . . . . . . . New Jersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . North Carolina . . . . . . . . . . North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . . . South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wildlife-watching expenditures Total 45,654,960 450,004 581,051 838,307 607,073 4,179,583 1,387,737 509,950 130,832 3,081,496 1,615,316 210,414 265,383 1,133,856 933,920 318,006 156,185 542,059 312,430 865,643 636,214 754,963 1,622,521 698,889 175,846 869,075 376,451 141,910 362,229 273,920 537,449 297,174 1,567,629 916,903 22,913 1,187,703 328,660 776,414 1,442,681 214,247 550,777 183,304 992,362 2,939,018 564,443 122,872 960,190 1,502,311 241,601 744,689 394,869 Trip-related 12,875,152 151,665 511,602 376,256 114,879 1,997,551 537,427 53,025 13,128 887,942 146,722 185,100 193,468 205,976 143,615 54,411 52,778 116,113 61,822 178,462 70,457 148,779 339,188 271,493 68,587 219,932 302,625 22,741 158,935 116,136 146,300 208,278 695,724 246,906 4,952 207,253 134,868 262,425 324,990 97,407 195,804 129,930 327,240 424,197 322,023 58,219 248,021 441,652 136,136 260,166 299,988 Equipment 23,174,053 258,551 36,803 289,296 314,275 1,931,640 817,468 395,098 110,214 1,730,152 1,246,059 20,505 62,756 780,921 671,595 199,190 90,294 374,034 188,409 593,051 526,010 494,008 780,258 370,838 86,553 410,810 54,631 108,348 109,816 75,466 265,100 81,952 635,306 588,658 16,979 738,301 177,568 442,818 928,853 48,884 281,434 46,977 433,538 1,780,171 226,692 30,461 626,861 594,706 77,068 285,185 64,740 Other 9,605,755 39,788 32,646 172,754 177,919 250,391 32,842 61,826 7,490 463,402 222,534 4,810 9,159 146,959 118,710 64,405 13,113 51,912 62,199 94,130 39,748 112,177 503,076 56,558 20,706 238,332 19,195 10,821 93,478 82,318 126,049 6,944 236,599 81,338 981 242,149 16,225 71,170 188,838 67,955 73,539 6,397 231,585 734,650 15,728 34,192 85,307 465,953 28,397 199,339 30,140 Note: U.S. totals include responses from participants residing in the District of Columbia, as described in Appendix D. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation 99 Table 53. Expenditures for Wildlife-Related Recreation in the United States by State Residents Both Inside and Outside Their Resident State: 2006 (Population 16 years old and older. Expenditures in thousands of dollars) Participant’s state of residence United States, total . . . . Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Massachusetts . . . . . . . . . . . Michigan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Hampshire . . . . . . . . . . New Jersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . North Carolina . . . . . . . . . . North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . . . South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . See footnotes at end of table. Total, wildlife-associated expenditures Total 122,304,987 2,255,226 540,041 1,540,698 1,859,935 8,579,974 3,060,175 1,322,903 348,875 8,112,073 3,299,332 204,819 712,613 3,215,834 2,503,372 1,163,782 968,297 2,214,149 2,023,533 1,294,577 1,774,605 2,104,733 5,217,263 4,234,352 1,066,440 3,295,807 706,261 650,718 1,211,480 423,652 2,228,739 620,544 3,573,499 2,978,628 242,194 3,283,714 1,555,383 1,780,370 5,820,210 317,522 1,979,808 372,940 2,131,393 9,392,329 1,029,777 243,048 2,086,183 3,207,376 904,338 3,342,135 705,660 Trip-related 37,432,326 772,709 189,194 641,998 489,260 3,936,108 732,853 470,021 79,278 2,269,467 938,235 88,963 291,841 1,243,245 632,387 412,287 342,207 568,398 681,610 210,134 461,259 750,211 1,257,235 1,461,945 305,415 1,046,714 197,835 185,410 269,099 137,114 804,376 250,443 1,716,521 968,663 90,275 1,232,008 733,541 548,422 1,320,252 104,760 678,069 118,874 721,629 3,328,265 400,054 81,443 726,811 792,578 339,516 1,034,065 142,014 Equipment 64,137,178 1,235,088 283,616 688,826 1,017,376 4,043,232 2,237,327 709,848 245,131 5,088,990 1,810,276 105,457 394,010 1,545,352 1,511,393 611,904 526,232 1,398,295 982,745 939,026 1,077,278 1,071,689 2,717,390 2,199,914 518,683 1,638,191 456,323 357,208 701,029 195,939 848,027 313,245 1,416,605 1,853,454 129,784 1,682,263 737,371 1,067,345 3,900,497 135,065 1,030,559 185,715 1,027,766 4,528,521 527,986 112,006 1,194,427 1,794,271 415,640 1,289,386 253,757 Other 20,735,483 247,428 67,231 209,873 353,300 600,633 89,996 143,034 24,466 753,616 550,821 10,399 26,763 427,237 359,593 139,591 99,857 247,456 359,178 145,417 236,068 282,833 1,242,638 572,493 242,343 610,903 52,103 108,100 241,352 90,600 576,336 56,856 440,373 156,511 22,136 369,442 84,470 164,603 599,461 77,697 271,180 68,352 381,998 1,535,543 101,737 49,598 164,945 620,527 149,183 1,018,684 309,889 Total 76,650,027 1,761,377 378,136 751,401 1,409,243 4,205,307 1,906,666 593,185 230,913 4,873,738 1,770,640 150,183 574,757 1,849,948 1,386,090 766,110 732,552 1,511,349 1,602,652 509,721 1,047,831 1,219,207 3,426,954 3,347,027 862,477 2,319,214 575,137 481,102 747,551 240,420 1,579,731 442,930 1,980,373 1,968,476 214,095 2,048,073 1,066,297 1,092,075 4,111,971 145,186 1,577,952 274,717 1,315,528 5,931,052 837,788 151,374 1,340,347 1,772,537 717,308 2,697,864 567,607 Fishing and hunting expenditures Trip-related 24,557,174 574,577 123,618 340,002 419,162 1,709,474 428,910 229,313 66,788 1,813,946 648,315 58,958 204,490 811,769 397,631 307,745 250,370 404,563 563,293 104,794 357,994 500,231 734,358 1,003,011 227,648 681,454 140,374 129,617 161,046 75,850 609,125 168,583 829,483 643,695 81,985 866,372 441,877 371,058 732,446 60,360 510,605 72,105 479,122 2,405,596 283,653 55,755 571,819 477,898 256,041 845,439 87,542 Equipment 40,963,125 978,331 234,027 386,602 708,673 2,159,640 1,419,958 289,015 147,619 2,793,699 785,999 86,009 347,687 758,090 854,455 382,914 397,050 896,015 742,381 330,541 498,646 559,117 1,937,535 1,827,919 414,384 1,263,739 401,804 254,246 437,208 140,439 598,493 224,982 924,444 1,237,884 111,012 1,055,519 556,996 644,947 2,973,474 77,258 865,819 140,709 690,289 2,724,050 457,760 73,812 685,043 1,162,017 341,988 1,011,982 185,844 Other 11,129,728 208,468 20,492 24,797 281,409 336,193 57,798 74,856 16,506 266,093 336,326 5,216 22,580 280,089 134,005 75,451 85,132 210,771 296,979 74,387 191,191 159,859 755,061 516,097 220,445 374,021 32,959 97,239 149,296 24,131 372,113 49,366 226,446 86,897 21,099 126,182 67,424 76,070 406,051 7,567 201,527 61,903 146,116 801,406 96,375 21,808 83,485 132,622 119,280 840,443 294,221 100 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Table 53. Expenditures for Wildlife-Related Recreation in the United States by State Residents Both Inside and Outside Their Resident State: 2006—Continued (Population 16 years old and older. Expenditures in thousands of dollars) Participant’s state of residence United States, total . . . . Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Massachusetts . . . . . . . . . . . Michigan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Hampshire . . . . . . . . . . New Jersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . North Carolina . . . . . . . . . . North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . . . South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. Note: U.S. totals include responses from participants residing in the District of Columbia, as described in Appendix D. Wildlife-watching expenditures Total 45,654,960 493,849 161,904 789,297 450,692 4,374,667 1,153,510 729,718 117,962 3,238,334 1,528,691 54,636 137,856 1,365,886 1,117,282 397,672 235,745 702,800 420,881 784,855 726,774 885,526 1,790,310 887,325 203,964 976,593 131,125 169,616 463,929 183,232 649,008 177,613 1,593,127 1,010,152 28,099 1,235,640 489,086 688,295 1,708,239 172,336 401,857 98,224 815,865 3,461,277 191,989 91,674 745,837 1,434,839 187,030 644,271 138,052 Trip-related 12,875,152 198,132 65,576 301,997 70,098 2,226,634 303,943 240,708 12,490 455,521 289,920 30,005 87,351 431,477 234,756 104,542 91,838 163,835 118,317 105,340 103,265 249,979 522,877 458,934 77,767 365,259 57,461 55,793 108,053 61,263 195,252 81,860 887,039 324,968 8,290 365,635 291,664 177,364 587,806 44,400 167,464 46,769 242,507 922,669 116,401 25,689 154,992 314,680 83,475 188,626 54,472 Equipment 23,174,053 256,757 49,589 302,224 308,703 1,883,592 817,369 420,832 97,511 2,295,291 1,024,277 19,448 46,323 787,262 656,938 228,990 129,182 502,280 240,365 608,486 578,632 512,572 779,856 371,995 104,299 374,452 54,520 102,961 263,821 55,500 249,533 88,263 492,160 615,570 18,772 626,744 180,375 422,399 927,023 57,806 164,740 45,006 337,477 1,804,471 70,227 38,195 509,385 632,254 73,652 277,404 67,913 Other 9,605,755 *38,960 46,739 185,076 *71,891 264,441 32,198 68,177 7,960 487,522 214,495 5,183 *4,183 147,148 225,588 64,140 14,725 36,685 62,199 71,030 44,877 122,975 487,577 56,396 *21,898 236,882 19,144 10,861 92,056 66,469 204,222 7,490 213,928 69,614 *1,037 243,261 17,047 88,532 193,410 70,130 69,653 6,449 235,882 734,137 5,361 27,790 81,460 487,905 *29,903 178,241 15,668 U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation 101 Table 54. Anglers and Hunters by Sportsperson’s State of Residence: 2006 (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Fished or hunted Sportsperson’s state of residence Population United States, total . . . . Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Massachusetts . . . . . . . . . . . Michigan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Hampshire . . . . . . . . . . New Jersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . North Carolina . . . . . . . . . . North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . . . South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229,245 3,550 499 4,585 2,156 27,299 3,605 2,735 669 14,233 6,910 1,014 1,102 9,767 4,799 2,339 2,110 3,260 3,433 1,074 4,333 5,032 7,804 4,021 2,214 4,521 753 1,359 1,895 1,044 6,734 1,500 14,990 6,719 507 8,889 2,743 2,889 9,793 842 3,315 601 4,699 17,076 1,808 506 5,893 4,980 1,458 4,350 405 Number 33,916 707 149 418 551 1,783 593 297 85 2,004 1,161 100 259 1,109 822 518 425 670 678 266 521 472 1,371 1,280 537 1,096 232 234 182 141 562 224 1,236 1,038 145 1,488 602 550 1,415 86 595 136 775 2,668 351 91 857 764 364 1,185 113 Percent of population 15 20 30 9 26 7 16 11 13 14 17 10 24 11 17 22 20 21 20 25 12 9 18 32 24 24 31 17 10 14 8 15 8 15 29 17 22 19 14 10 18 23 16 16 19 18 15 15 25 27 28 Fished only Number 21,406 395 94 290 244 1,465 460 257 64 1,678 805 81 136 837 569 308 233 410 403 120 370 406 650 745 293 536 86 129 122 89 478 152 734 734 59 1,011 370 331 482 73 429 46 491 1,672 197 34 497 577 165 534 61 Percent of population 9 11 19 6 11 5 13 9 10 12 12 8 12 9 12 13 11 13 12 11 9 8 8 19 13 12 11 10 6 9 7 10 5 11 12 11 13 11 5 9 13 8 10 10 11 7 8 12 11 12 15 Hunted only Number 3,964 79 *11 48 88 *94 *39 ... *9 *54 *101 ... *36 *74 83 70 56 *49 *81 40 46 *20 272 *138 *58 165 53 42 26 *17 *32 34 207 *74 40 195 *55 67 425 ... *48 41 *67 324 38 20 127 74 58 160 *15 Percent of population 2 2 *2 1 4 *(Z) *1 ... *1 *(Z) *1 ... *3 *1 2 3 3 *1 *2 4 1 *(Z) 3 *3 *3 4 7 3 1 *2 *(Z) 2 1 *1 8 2 *2 2 4 ... *1 7 *1 2 2 4 2 1 4 4 *4 Fished and hunted Number 8,546 233 44 81 220 223 94 34 12 271 255 *14 88 198 171 141 136 212 195 106 105 46 449 398 186 394 92 63 34 35 53 38 295 230 47 282 177 152 508 *10 119 50 217 672 116 37 233 113 141 492 37 Percent of population 4 7 9 2 10 1 3 1 2 2 4 *1 8 2 4 6 6 7 6 10 2 1 6 10 8 9 12 5 2 3 1 3 2 3 9 3 6 5 5 *1 4 8 5 4 6 7 4 2 10 11 9 * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. ... Sample size too small to report data reliably. (Z) Less than 0.5 percent. Note: U.S. totals include responses from participants residing in the District of Columbia, as described in Appendix D. 102 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Table 55. Anglers and Hunters by State Where Fishing or Hunting Took Place: 2006 (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Anglers State where fishing or hunting took place Total anglers, residents and nonresidents Number United States, total . . . . Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Massachusetts . . . . . . . . . . . Michigan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Hampshire . . . . . . . . . . New Jersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . North Carolina . . . . . . . . . . North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . . . South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,952 806 293 422 655 1,730 660 302 159 2,767 1,107 157 350 873 768 438 404 721 702 351 645 497 1,394 1,427 546 1,076 291 198 142 230 654 248 1,153 1,263 106 1,256 611 576 994 158 810 135 871 2,527 375 114 858 736 376 1,394 203 State residents Nonresidents Total hunters, residents and nonresidents Hunters State residents Nonresidents Percent 15 21 ... *21 *15 ... 51 ... ... *9 28 ... 35 *18 *13 *17 32 *17 ... *17 *17 *21 *4 *5 *22 11 *26 ... ... *15 ... *33 13 *9 *33 ... *11 ... 11 ... *23 48 *19 11 *14 *24 *14 ... *28 *7 51 Percent Number 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 27,641 600 137 330 430 1,578 490 251 66 1,881 971 92 206 795 663 397 319 580 590 220 403 398 1,077 1,108 465 871 172 169 114 108 458 164 932 868 88 1,145 525 455 830 76 527 89 658 2,308 288 64 640 641 291 1,014 96 Percent Number 92 74 47 78 66 91 74 83 41 68 88 58 59 91 86 91 79 80 84 63 62 80 77 78 85 81 59 85 81 47 70 66 81 69 84 91 86 79 83 48 65 66 75 91 77 56 75 87 77 73 47 6,494 206 156 92 225 152 171 51 *94 885 136 *65 144 78 106 *40 85 141 112 131 242 99 318 319 80 206 119 *29 *27 122 197 *84 221 395 ... 112 86 122 164 82 283 45 214 218 87 50 218 95 86 381 107 Percent Number 22 26 53 22 34 9 26 17 *59 32 12 *42 41 9 14 *9 21 20 16 37 38 20 23 22 15 19 41 *15 *19 53 30 *34 19 31 ... 9 14 21 17 52 35 34 25 9 23 44 25 13 23 27 53 12,510 391 71 159 354 281 259 38 42 236 481 18 187 316 272 251 271 291 270 175 161 73 753 535 304 608 197 118 63 61 89 99 566 304 128 500 251 237 1,044 14 208 171 329 1,101 166 73 413 182 269 697 102 Percent Number 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 11,971 310 53 126 301 274 126 36 19 214 344 18 122 258 237 208 183 241 241 146 133 57 721 509 238 540 145 102 54 51 72 66 491 277 86 467 224 218 933 12 159 89 265 979 144 56 353 179 194 649 50 Percent Number 96 79 75 79 85 97 49 96 46 91 72 98 65 82 87 83 68 83 89 83 83 79 96 95 78 89 74 86 85 85 81 67 87 91 67 93 89 92 89 84 77 52 81 89 86 76 86 98 72 93 49 1,826 81 ... *33 *53 ... 134 ... ... *22 136 ... 65 *58 *35 *44 88 *50 ... *29 *28 *16 *32 *26 *66 69 *52 ... ... *9 ... *32 75 *27 *42 ... *27 ... 111 ... *49 81 *64 123 *23 *17 *60 ... *75 *48 52 * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. ... Sample size too small to report data reliably. Note: For the U.S. row, detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. U.S. totals include responses from participants residing in the District of Columbia, as described in Appendix D. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation 103 Table 56. Hunters by Type of Hunting and State Where Hunting Took Place: 2006 (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) State where hunting took place United States, total . . . . Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Massachusetts . . . . . . . . . . . Michigan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Hampshire . . . . . . . . . . New Jersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . North Carolina . . . . . . . . . . North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . . . South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total, all hunting Number 12,510 391 71 159 354 281 259 38 42 236 481 18 187 316 272 251 271 291 270 175 161 73 753 535 304 608 197 118 63 61 89 99 566 304 128 500 251 237 1,044 14 208 171 329 1,101 166 73 413 182 269 697 102 Percent 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Big game Number 10,682 352 63 96 282 153 208 *21 37 191 410 *15 160 216 233 175 142 242 204 165 129 58 715 416 285 502 182 67 35 53 73 81 537 234 77 432 193 191 1,000 *11 180 67 281 890 125 65 362 164 256 639 88 Percent 85 90 88 61 80 54 80 *57 87 81 85 *81 86 69 85 70 52 83 76 95 80 80 95 78 94 83 92 57 56 88 82 81 95 77 60 86 77 80 96 *82 86 39 85 81 75 90 88 90 95 92 86 Small game Number 4,797 126 *4 68 114 153 *58 *15 *6 *96 184 ... 55 146 109 144 185 104 126 59 *42 *30 228 190 103 237 44 63 26 *15 *38 *23 164 107 77 213 79 *58 354 *5 *56 133 130 359 71 23 142 *42 128 222 *25 Percent 38 32 *6 43 32 54 *22 *39 *15 *41 38 ... 30 46 40 57 68 36 47 34 *26 *41 30 35 34 39 22 54 41 *25 *42 *23 29 35 60 43 32 *24 34 *37 *27 78 39 33 42 31 34 *23 48 32 *24 Migratory bird Number 2,293 73 *11 *36 113 150 *44 ... 12 *42 117 ... *42 90 *30 *22 55 *34 100 *16 46 *14 *60 *55 *57 87 *16 44 ... *10 ... *8 ... *40 24 ... *65 *29 *71 ... *42 29 *80 435 *26 *10 *64 *20 ... *75 ... Percent 18 19 *15 *23 32 53 *17 ... 29 *18 24 ... *22 29 *11 *9 20 *12 37 *9 28 *19 *8 *10 *19 14 *8 37 ... *16 ... *9 ... *13 18 ... *26 *12 *7 ... *20 17 *24 40 *16 *13 *16 *11 ... *11 ... Other animals Number 1,128 ... *9 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... *19 *36 *17 *28 *32 ... ... ... ... ... ... *39 ... *26 *16 *8 ... ... *49 ... *15 *74 *42 ... *148 ... ... *11 *42 *118 *15 *7 *78 ... ... ... ... Percent 9 ... *12 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... *7 *14 *6 *10 *12 ... ... ... ... ... ... *6 ... *22 *25 *13 ... ... *9 ... *11 *15 *17 ... *14 ... ... *7 *13 *11 *9 *9 *19 ... ... ... ... * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. ... Sample size too small to report data reliably. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. U.S. totals include responses from participants residing in the District of Columbia, as described in Appendix D. 104 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Table 57. Days of Hunting by State Where Hunting Took Place and Hunter’s State of Residence: 2006 (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Days of hunting in state State Total days, residents and nonresidents Number United States, total . . . . 219,925 Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Massachusetts . . . . . . . . . . . Michigan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Hampshire . . . . . . . . . . New Jersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . North Carolina . . . . . . . . . . North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . . . South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,649 854 1,509 7,882 3,376 2,376 509 654 3,769 8,228 420 2,117 4,688 4,808 3,849 3,017 5,429 5,979 2,283 2,262 1,149 11,905 6,492 6,835 9,714 2,142 1,611 615 1,057 1,457 852 10,289 4,880 1,344 10,633 5,534 2,729 16,863 155 4,318 1,719 5,729 14,050 1,715 1,111 6,771 2,126 3,939 10,059 904 Days by state residents Days by nonresidents Days of hunting by state residents Total days, in state of residence and other states Days in state of residence Days in other states Percent 8 *5 *12 *10 *5 *21 *14 *28 *10 38 *6 ... ... *9 *10 *3 *5 *5 *20 ... 19 *41 ... *9 *3 *6 ... *6 *16 *12 *18 *8 *3 15 *4 *3 *4 ... *7 *24 *3 ... *16 ... *15 *14 *7 *12 ... *3 ... Percent Number 100 203,319 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 7,609 758 1,388 7,219 3,339 1,224 500 462 3,699 6,783 *418 1,125 4,238 4,184 3,627 2,574 4,886 5,847 2,004 1,813 1,083 11,735 6,346 6,050 9,171 1,783 1,559 578 969 1,343 685 9,462 4,653 1,081 10,419 5,339 2,658 16,157 140 3,893 1,190 5,343 13,400 1,624 922 6,280 2,124 3,376 9,679 580 Percent Number 92 88 89 92 92 99 52 98 71 98 82 *99 53 90 87 94 85 90 98 88 80 94 99 98 89 94 83 97 94 92 92 80 92 95 80 98 96 97 96 90 90 69 93 95 95 83 93 100 86 96 64 18,023 1,039 ... *121 *662 ... 1,152 ... ... *70 1,445 ... 993 *451 *624 *222 442 *543 ... *279 *449 *66 *170 *145 *786 544 *359 ... ... *88 ... *167 826 *228 *263 ... *194 ... 706 ... *424 530 *386 650 *91 *190 *491 ... *563 *380 325 Percent Number 8 12 ... *8 *8 ... 48 ... ... *2 18 ... 47 *10 *13 *6 15 *10 ... *12 *20 *6 *1 *2 *11 6 *17 ... ... *8 ... *20 8 *5 *20 ... *4 ... 4 ... *10 31 *7 5 *5 *17 *7 ... *14 *4 36 219,925 8,036 859 1,538 7,636 4,226 1,421 693 513 5,955 7,248 421 1,187 4,658 4,652 3,745 2,721 5,119 7,278 2,043 2,228 1,821 11,756 6,966 6,259 9,720 1,828 1,652 692 1,100 1,645 743 9,747 5,484 1,125 10,758 5,569 2,768 17,404 184 4,031 1,208 6,340 13,896 1,921 1,073 6,752 2,409 3,691 10,016 605 Percent Number 100 203,319 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 7,609 758 1,388 7,219 3,339 1,224 500 462 3,699 6,783 *418 1,125 4,238 4,184 3,627 2,574 4,886 5,847 2,004 1,813 1,083 11,735 6,346 6,050 9,171 1,783 1,559 578 969 1,343 685 9,462 4,653 1,081 10,419 5,339 2,658 16,157 140 3,893 1,190 5,343 13,400 1,624 922 6,280 2,124 3,376 9,679 580 Percent Number 92 95 88 90 95 79 86 72 90 62 94 *99 95 91 90 97 95 95 80 98 81 59 100 91 97 94 98 94 84 88 82 92 97 85 96 97 96 96 93 76 97 98 84 96 85 86 93 88 91 97 96 18,023 *427 *101 *151 *417 *887 *197 *193 *50 2,256 *466 ... ... *420 *468 *118 *147 *233 *1,431 ... 415 *739 ... *619 *209 *550 ... *93 *114 *131 *302 *58 *284 831 *44 *338 *230 ... *1,247 *43 *138 ... *997 ... *297 *152 *473 *285 ... *337 ... * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. ... Sample size too small to report data reliably. Note: U.S. totals include responses from participants residing in the District of Columbia, as described in Appendix D. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation 105 Table 58. Days of Hunting by Type of Hunting and State Where Hunting Took Place: 2006 (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Total, all hunting Number United States, total . . . . Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Massachusetts . . . . . . . . . . . Michigan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Hampshire . . . . . . . . . . New Jersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . North Carolina . . . . . . . . . . North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . . . South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219,925 8,649 854 1,509 7,882 3,376 2,376 509 654 3,769 8,228 420 2,117 4,688 4,808 3,849 3,017 5,429 5,979 2,283 2,262 1,149 11,905 6,492 6,835 9,714 2,142 1,611 615 1,057 1,457 852 10,289 4,880 1,344 10,633 5,534 2,729 16,863 155 4,318 1,719 5,729 14,050 1,715 1,111 6,771 2,126 3,939 10,059 904 Percent 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Big game Number 164,061 7,685 639 849 5,554 1,837 1,718 *280 520 2,875 6,959 *386 1,422 2,728 3,469 2,333 1,239 3,832 4,013 1,854 1,811 936 10,357 4,406 5,849 6,973 1,906 572 313 805 1,259 580 8,564 3,275 561 6,796 3,982 2,201 13,609 *95 3,870 543 3,882 10,650 1,059 827 5,072 1,835 3,190 7,950 726 Percent 75 89 75 56 70 54 72 *55 80 76 85 *92 67 58 72 61 41 71 67 81 80 82 87 68 86 72 89 36 51 76 86 68 83 67 42 64 72 81 81 *61 90 32 68 76 62 74 75 86 81 79 80 Small game Number 52,395 1,311 *109 535 1,958 1,438 *400 *212 *79 *1,054 1,549 ... 398 1,600 1,163 1,427 1,528 1,385 1,447 436 *264 *189 2,109 1,925 1,115 2,078 316 653 224 *157 *315 *228 3,519 1,462 644 2,908 595 *382 3,379 *55 *883 1,028 1,426 2,925 651 315 1,008 *332 1,241 2,059 *198 Percent 24 15 *13 35 25 43 *17 *42 *12 *28 19 ... 19 34 24 37 51 26 24 19 *12 *16 18 30 16 21 15 41 37 *15 *22 *27 34 30 48 27 11 *14 20 *35 *20 60 25 21 38 28 15 *16 32 20 *22 Migratory bird Number 19,770 401 *64 *187 1,656 1,140 *302 ... *103 *217 664 ... *229 1,111 *444 *182 481 *285 1,419 *117 381 *102 *357 *527 *381 892 *69 396 ... *151 ... *49 ... *130 *187 ... *451 *294 *434 ... *425 200 *550 2,461 *189 *94 *270 *166 ... *756 ... Percent 9 5 *7 *12 21 34 *13 ... *16 *6 8 ... *11 24 *9 *5 16 *5 24 *5 17 *9 *3 *8 *6 9 *3 25 ... *14 ... *6 ... *3 *14 ... *8 *11 *3 ... *10 12 *10 18 *11 *8 *4 *8 ... *8 ... Other animals Number 15,205 ... *182 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... *391 *529 *199 *530 *487 ... ... ... ... ... ... *844 ... *298 *88 *98 ... ... *373 ... *85 *1,586 *1,039 ... *1,469 ... ... *184 *323 *1,340 *106 *70 *1,557 ... ... ... ... Percent 7 ... *21 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... *8 *14 *7 *10 *8 ... ... ... ... ... ... *9 ... *19 *14 *9 ... ... *4 ... *6 *15 *19 ... *9 ... ... *11 *6 *10 *6 *6 *23 ... ... ... ... State where hunting took place * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. ... Sample size too small to report data reliably. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. U.S. totals include responses from participants residing in the District of Columbia, as described in Appendix D. 106 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Table 59. Expenditures for Hunting by State Where Spending Took Place: 2006 (Population 16 years old and older. Expenditures in thousands of dollars) Trip-related expenditures State where spending took place Total expenditures Total triprelated 6,678,614 239,398 48,905 92,363 182,192 230,873 288,325 5,991 13,638 155,116 237,162 10,736 100,218 130,466 65,553 110,756 121,162 83,591 205,355 58,997 62,343 36,675 262,326 166,577 149,362 234,468 132,808 46,027 39,574 17,665 72,680 93,052 201,631 89,979 72,445 148,609 135,335 116,690 274,158 3,734 121,953 117,063 109,447 873,928 71,575 20,928 124,862 74,233 79,376 275,268 62,991 Food and lodging 2,791,245 82,577 9,745 33,599 81,047 88,210 97,329 *1,782 5,477 43,013 96,620 5,410 37,974 47,128 26,628 43,895 52,847 38,019 83,297 29,704 22,873 10,616 134,017 78,295 67,646 90,216 48,044 17,685 18,022 8,860 34,083 28,346 98,197 46,603 28,270 73,341 52,990 51,610 125,470 1,455 50,471 53,224 52,240 337,965 25,915 10,993 60,585 33,083 40,194 147,349 31,901 Transportation 2,696,924 84,777 29,166 39,386 73,257 104,256 76,786 3,558 4,832 59,561 84,652 4,469 40,986 47,761 31,871 49,582 58,116 41,503 73,628 25,774 23,895 19,263 105,588 73,749 53,649 108,385 50,289 25,416 16,193 8,460 19,133 25,440 74,828 40,173 31,908 66,995 69,314 58,089 123,397 1,731 38,137 41,388 45,299 335,890 37,255 8,954 56,592 36,528 38,070 104,350 22,090 Expenditures for equipment Other Total Hunting Auxiliary Special trip costs equipment equipment equipment equipment 1,190,445 10,731,501 72,045 9,994 19,377 27,889 38,407 114,210 *651 *3,329 52,543 55,890 *858 21,259 35,578 7,054 *17,279 10,199 4,069 48,429 3,519 15,575 6,796 22,720 14,533 28,068 35,866 34,475 2,926 5,360 *344 *19,463 39,266 28,606 *3,203 *12,266 *8,273 13,031 6,991 25,290 *547 33,345 22,451 11,908 200,073 8,405 *981 7,686 4,622 *1,113 23,569 9,000 315,894 67,897 219,641 375,236 428,493 91,574 50,160 24,802 173,749 209,233 9,780 121,708 129,180 103,456 131,184 95,175 208,270 206,072 110,898 113,376 24,374 371,574 219,505 152,654 499,132 144,951 137,627 76,412 48,294 62,897 61,766 338,592 314,578 45,473 599,743 307,048 226,632 1,037,875 5,839 112,304 31,517 350,346 785,297 180,329 151,053 297,143 188,739 160,014 316,756 45,632 5,366,357 151,297 24,831 61,155 191,180 152,902 71,900 20,660 16,019 125,342 121,722 8,837 54,161 77,291 85,542 99,548 78,056 143,802 114,697 33,779 66,578 19,870 210,202 179,406 90,355 283,748 62,657 75,814 17,082 37,199 55,390 29,057 230,525 202,839 24,228 210,082 111,501 105,293 390,810 5,113 94,138 24,683 109,606 445,492 92,425 17,658 167,914 66,625 99,231 170,466 22,802 1,330,216 40,510 19,083 17,977 55,862 38,964 19,674 *4,162 6,487 28,308 30,372 *943 *11,431 39,188 17,914 23,535 15,970 29,785 23,285 15,174 30,478 *4,504 61,477 36,001 18,348 57,023 16,417 23,727 12,631 2,776 *6,862 11,090 42,510 17,825 8,561 41,726 22,468 16,531 96,587 *726 7,767 5,679 21,663 125,975 30,042 2,587 25,158 44,120 15,621 53,572 9,655 4,034,928 *124,087 ... ... *128,194 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... *65,878 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... *173,078 *104,808 ... ... ... ... ... ... *57,862 ... ... ... ... ... ... Expenditures for other items1 5,483,041 122,731 8,310 10,735 231,147 153,873 64,162 12,379 2,941 48,528 231,367 583 37,792 122,290 54,015 46,384 32,337 131,578 114,078 71,406 34,367 9,775 281,985 108,066 217,792 412,641 32,782 47,378 13,094 8,509 10,424 9,490 175,485 26,006 11,196 93,204 34,274 30,290 297,013 613 44,382 36,678 28,627 563,073 21,879 17,726 58,797 50,163 45,121 720,103 28,642 United States, total . . . . 22,893,156 Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Massachusetts . . . . . . . . . . . Michigan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Hampshire . . . . . . . . . . New Jersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . North Carolina . . . . . . . . . . North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . . . South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 678,024 125,112 322,739 788,575 813,239 444,061 68,530 41,381 377,394 677,762 21,098 259,718 381,937 223,023 288,324 248,674 423,439 525,505 241,301 210,087 70,824 915,884 494,149 519,808 1,146,240 310,540 231,032 129,080 74,467 146,001 164,308 715,707 430,562 129,114 841,556 476,657 373,613 1,609,045 10,186 278,640 185,258 488,420 2,222,298 273,782 189,707 480,802 313,134 284,511 1,312,128 137,265 * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. 1 ... Sample size too small to report data reliably. Includes expenditures for magazine subscriptions, membership dues and contributions, land leasing and ownership, and licenses, stamps, tags, and permits. Note: U.S. totals include responses from participants residing in the District of Columbia, as described in Appendix D. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation 107 Table 60. Freshwater (Except Great Lakes) Anglers and Days of Fishing by State Where Fishing Took Place: 2006 (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Anglers State where fishing took place Total anglers, residents and nonresidents Number United States, total. . . . . Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alaska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Connecticut . . . . . . . . . . . . . Delaware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Idaho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Massachusetts . . . . . . . . . . . Michigan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Hampshire . . . . . . . . . New Jersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . North Carolina . . . . . . . . . . North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pennsylvania . . . . . . . . . . . . Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . . . South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Texas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,035 714 191 422 655 1,224 660 204 58 1,417 1,025 22 350 777 677 438 404 721 549 303 364 292 1,192 1,381 508 1,076 291 198 142 198 243 248 741 884 106 982 611 491 914 50 612 135 871 1,860 375 114 622 538 376 1,253 203 State residents Nonresidents Total days, residents and nonresidents Days of fishing Days by state residents Days by nonresidents Percent 9 6 29 16 14 6 13 *4 ... 6 6 ... 23 4 *8 *2 8 10 *5 19 36 3 9 8 *7 8 19 *6 *6 32 *4 *18 11 5 ... *6 7 12 5 ... 8 17 12 5 11 16 11 *6 6 17 26 Percent Number 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 23,266 567 99 330 430 1,150 490 178 34 1,155 908 *15 206 710 582 397 319 580 472 209 244 263 941 1,091 439 871 172 169 114 94 210 164 633 740 88 929 525 401 770 38 483 89 658 1,711 288 64 454 481 291 918 96 Percent Number 93 79 52 78 66 94 74 87 59 82 89 *69 59 91 86 91 79 80 86 69 67 90 79 79 86 81 59 85 81 47 86 66 85 84 84 95 86 82 84 76 79 66 75 92 77 56 73 90 77 73 47 4,604 147 92 92 225 74 171 *26 ... 262 118 ... 144 67 *96 *40 85 141 *77 94 119 29 250 289 *69 206 119 *29 *27 104 *33 *84 108 144 ... *53 86 90 143 ... 130 45 214 150 87 50 168 *56 86 336 107 Percent Number 18 21 48 22 34 6 26 *13 ... 18 11 ... 41 9 *14 *9 21 20 *14 31 33 10 21 21 *14 19 41 *15 *19 53 *14 *34 15 16 ... *5 14 18 16 ... 21 34 25 8 23 44 27 *10 23 27 53 419,942 12,987 1,826 4,156 10,812 12,307 6,374 4,354 1,133 24,512 15,646 67 4,301 15,631 8,289 6,215 5,314 9,231 8,743 4,272 4,799 5,345 19,677 24,041 7,095 16,569 2,927 3,096 1,526 2,733 3,646 2,596 10,994 13,923 953 12,827 10,580 7,053 14,456 541 10,658 1,697 15,103 27,074 3,822 1,665 6,417 7,524 6,885 16,216 1,691 Percent Number 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 382,512 12,202 1,305 3,505 9,273 11,526 5,529 4,179 780 23,031 14,742 *60 3,307 14,968 7,594 6,063 4,883 8,324 8,312 3,472 3,090 5,186 17,993 22,093 6,609 15,263 2,357 2,913 1,436 1,849 3,500 2,129 9,806 13,207 905 12,064 9,843 6,175 13,754 467 9,817 1,406 13,221 25,628 3,387 1,400 5,680 7,076 6,442 13,424 1,245 Percent Number 91 94 71 84 86 94 87 96 69 94 94 *90 77 96 92 98 92 90 95 81 64 97 91 92 93 92 81 94 94 68 96 82 89 95 95 94 93 88 95 86 92 83 88 95 89 84 89 94 94 83 74 37,869 785 521 651 1,539 781 845 *175 ... 1,482 905 ... 994 663 *695 *152 431 906 *431 800 1,708 159 1,684 1,949 *486 1,306 569 *183 *90 884 *146 *467 1,188 716 ... *763 737 878 703 ... 842 291 1,882 1,446 434 265 737 *448 443 2,792 446 * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. ... Sample size too small to report data reliably. Note: For the U.S. row, detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. U.S. totals include responses from participants residing in the District of Columbia, as described in Appendix D. 108 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Table 61. Great Lakes Anglers and Days of Great Lakes Fishing by State Where Fishing Took Place: 2006 (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Anglers State where fishing took place Total anglers, residents and nonresidents Number United States, total. . . . . Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Michigan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pennsylvania . . . . . . . . . . . . Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,420 *56 *46 461 *48 247 328 *85 235 State residents Nonresidents Total days, residents and nonresidents Days of fishing Days by state residents Days by nonresidents Percent 13 ... ... 10 ... 31 *13 ... *10 Percent Number 100 *100 *100 100 *100 100 100 *100 100 1,182 *47 *42 367 ... 178 275 *75 176 Percent Number 83 *84 *90 80 ... 72 84 *88 75 306 ... ... 94 ... 69 *53 ... *60 Percent Number 22 ... ... 20 ... 28 *16 ... *25 18,016 *728 *759 6,981 *272 2,060 2,807 *598 3,705 Percent Number 100 *100 *100 100 *100 100 100 *100 100 15,545 *709 *654 6,280 ... 1,431 2,432 *522 3,348 Percent Number 86 *97 *86 90 ... 69 87 *87 90 2,366 ... ... 701 ... 628 *375 ... *357 * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. ... Sample size too small to report data reliably. Note: For the U.S. row, detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. Table 62. Saltwater Anglers and Days of Saltwater Fishing by State Where Fishing Took Place: 2006 (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Anglers State where fishing took place Total anglers, residents and nonresidents Number United States, total . . . . Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alaska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Delaware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Massachusetts . . . . . . . . . . . Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Hampshire . . . . . . . . . . New Jersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . North Carolina . . . . . . . . . . Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . . . South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . Texas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,717 153 180 761 157 117 2,002 146 154 289 100 372 298 *66 47 496 291 519 150 122 325 1,147 352 286 State residents Nonresidents Total days, residents and nonresidents Days of fishing Days by state residents Days by nonresidents Percent 15 *30 34 4 *17 *37 15 ... *12 *15 28 24 14 ... *42 15 8 44 *4 30 34 5 9 *11 Percent Number 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 *100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 6,089 89 76 666 121 45 1,286 125 89 248 52 227 223 *57 27 340 238 253 128 55 142 1,070 289 244 Percent Number 79 59 42 88 77 39 64 85 58 86 52 61 75 *87 58 69 82 49 85 45 44 93 82 85 2,185 *63 104 95 *36 *72 716 ... *65 *42 48 145 75 ... *20 155 52 266 *23 67 183 77 63 *42 Percent Number 28 *41 58 12 *23 *61 36 ... *42 *14 48 39 25 ... *42 31 18 51 *15 55 56 7 18 *15 85,663 758 974 7,606 1,691 703 23,077 1,707 1,411 2,975 703 3,114 3,054 *590 206 5,568 3,950 3,434 846 1,236 2,174 15,143 3,313 1,550 Percent Number 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 *100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 73,365 530 641 7,275 1,398 444 19,553 1,383 1,244 2,541 504 2,357 2,616 *573 120 4,728 3,646 1,922 813 864 1,425 14,380 3,023 1,383 Percent Number 86 70 66 96 83 63 85 81 88 85 72 76 86 *97 58 85 92 56 96 70 66 95 91 89 12,451 *229 333 330 *293 *260 3,524 ... *167 *433 198 756 438 ... *86 840 304 1,511 *33 371 749 762 290 *167 * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. ... Sample size too small to report data reliably. Note: For the U.S. row, detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. U.S. totals include responses from participants residing in the District of Columbia, as described in Appendix D. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation 109 Table 63. Days of Fishing by State Where Fishing Took Place and Angler’s State of Residence: 2006 (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Days of fishing in state Total days, residents and nonresidents Number United States, total . . . . 516,781 Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Massachusetts . . . . . . . . . . . Michigan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Hampshire . . . . . . . . . . New Jersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . North Carolina . . . . . . . . . . North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . . . South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,708 2,687 4,156 10,812 19,394 6,374 5,860 1,821 46,311 17,375 1,471 4,301 16,881 9,805 6,215 5,314 9,231 11,204 4,794 8,223 7,847 24,822 24,382 7,648 16,569 2,927 3,096 1,526 2,947 8,820 2,596 17,060 17,221 953 16,318 10,580 8,384 17,967 1,745 12,325 1,697 15,103 41,141 3,822 1,665 9,629 8,882 6,885 20,823 1,691 Days by state residents Days by nonresidents Days of fishing by state residents Total days, in state of residence and other states Days in state of residence Days in other states Percent 10 5 2 21 8 7 19 16 24 5 12 3 22 26 16 16 15 18 6 1 15 27 4 5 6 7 4 10 28 22 17 14 8 7 21 14 5 9 18 14 4 5 6 3 12 8 15 10 8 4 9 State Percent Number 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 470,594 12,686 1,925 3,505 9,273 18,310 5,529 5,403 1,185 41,507 16,305 1,300 3,307 16,159 9,052 6,063 4,883 8,324 10,564 3,804 5,753 7,259 22,532 22,305 7,134 15,263 2,357 2,913 1,436 1,971 7,836 2,129 14,960 15,015 905 15,141 9,843 7,408 17,128 1,294 10,910 1,406 13,221 38,942 3,387 1,400 8,596 8,249 6,442 17,034 1,245 Percent Number 91 93 72 84 86 94 87 92 65 90 94 88 77 96 92 98 92 90 94 79 70 93 91 91 93 92 81 94 94 67 89 82 88 87 95 93 93 88 95 74 89 83 88 95 89 84 89 93 94 82 74 52,380 1,022 762 651 1,539 1,084 845 457 *637 4,804 1,070 *171 994 723 753 *152 431 906 640 990 2,470 588 2,290 2,077 514 1,306 569 *183 *90 976 984 *467 2,100 2,205 ... 1,178 737 975 839 451 1,415 291 1,882 2,199 434 265 1,033 633 443 3,789 446 Percent Number 10 7 28 16 14 6 13 8 *35 10 6 *12 23 4 8 *2 8 10 6 21 30 7 9 9 7 8 19 *6 *6 33 11 *18 12 13 ... 7 7 12 5 26 11 17 12 5 11 16 11 7 6 18 26 516,781 13,286 1,965 4,450 10,101 19,731 6,813 6,400 1,557 43,632 18,567 1,345 4,214 21,713 10,754 7,188 5,724 10,210 11,205 3,856 6,729 9,892 23,389 23,474 7,601 16,416 2,464 3,235 1,999 2,518 9,457 2,475 16,282 16,198 1,152 17,628 10,376 8,126 20,957 1,508 11,311 1,476 14,134 40,249 3,852 1,527 10,054 9,166 6,995 17,834 1,363 Percent Number 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 470,594 12,686 1,925 3,505 9,273 18,310 5,529 5,403 1,185 41,507 16,305 1,300 3,307 16,159 9,052 6,063 4,883 8,324 10,564 3,804 5,753 7,259 22,532 22,305 7,134 15,263 2,357 2,913 1,436 1,971 7,836 2,129 14,960 15,015 905 15,141 9,843 7,408 17,128 1,294 10,910 1,406 13,221 38,942 3,387 1,400 8,596 8,249 6,442 17,034 1,245 Percent Number 91 95 98 79 92 93 81 84 76 95 88 97 78 74 84 84 85 82 94 99 85 73 96 95 94 93 96 90 72 78 83 86 92 93 79 86 95 91 82 86 96 95 94 97 88 92 85 90 92 96 91 52,380 600 40 944 828 1,420 1,284 997 373 2,125 2,262 45 908 5,554 1,702 1,125 841 1,886 641 52 976 2,633 856 1,169 467 1,152 106 322 563 547 1,621 346 1,322 1,182 247 2,487 533 718 3,829 214 401 69 912 1,306 465 127 1,458 917 552 800 118 * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. ... Sample size too small to report data reliably. Note: U.S. totals include responses from participants residing in the District of Columbia, as described in Appendix D. 110 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Table 64. Expenditures for Fishing by State Where Spending Took Place: 2006 (Population 16 years old and older. Expenditures in thousands of dollars) Trip-related expenditures State where spending took place Total expenditures Total triprelated 1,787,560 417,279 362,019 245,741 272,160 1,203,244 300,324 130,742 48,536 1,973,985 370,743 72,728 173,993 279,732 242,624 140,617 127,996 237,430 337,363 118,002 292,638 297,312 584,030 859,657 105,618 457,963 149,800 60,992 61,390 88,581 471,178 128,413 584,644 692,977 39,076 558,793 301,408 258,474 298,610 78,900 525,937 58,624 290,424 1,563,994 183,859 40,535 395,264 354,880 153,525 747,312 110,604 Food and lodging 6,302,524 126,363 132,056 80,144 106,389 410,279 125,067 37,910 17,785 680,147 152,886 24,600 75,877 94,413 67,201 46,271 40,561 96,607 96,927 51,735 88,459 85,723 210,052 350,889 38,357 187,138 58,092 24,365 26,342 35,674 88,650 51,059 197,876 281,279 14,367 198,886 108,505 102,998 113,989 20,276 194,829 25,821 101,063 448,390 65,081 17,916 122,771 117,878 63,284 351,744 44,488 Transportation 4,961,830 101,414 99,945 67,026 84,709 291,465 111,885 30,819 12,477 419,711 100,416 18,480 58,256 92,326 67,546 40,607 54,627 67,266 87,043 39,653 59,475 56,248 180,363 299,240 33,464 135,593 61,516 22,042 23,476 28,613 74,589 48,588 143,792 169,492 18,762 125,429 106,687 98,698 107,453 9,561 115,546 21,408 90,676 480,681 63,356 9,858 72,448 120,130 57,739 225,688 50,939 Expenditures for equipment Other Total Fishing Auxiliary Special trip costs equipment equipment equipment equipment 6,614,205 18,757,370 189,502 130,018 98,570 81,062 501,500 63,373 62,013 18,274 874,127 117,441 29,648 39,860 92,994 107,877 53,740 32,808 73,557 153,393 26,613 144,703 155,341 193,615 209,528 33,798 135,232 30,192 14,584 11,572 24,293 307,939 28,766 242,976 242,206 5,948 234,478 86,216 56,779 77,168 49,063 215,562 11,395 98,685 634,924 55,421 12,762 200,045 116,873 32,503 169,879 15,178 221,832 135,237 547,205 127,228 1,140,587 224,118 102,988 39,246 1,944,798 459,927 36,849 90,425 455,317 316,108 163,104 108,983 596,587 424,564 115,792 253,571 397,049 720,637 1,220,074 120,138 517,239 59,938 83,777 65,190 62,892 253,729 80,729 269,704 311,489 52,346 461,692 169,020 199,319 896,076 68,950 725,624 38,564 280,692 1,363,877 174,560 18,907 318,616 485,945 154,149 623,420 97,185 5,332,401 139,540 39,504 33,529 66,454 326,982 52,838 49,268 14,181 523,433 134,972 27,297 38,885 136,349 110,784 59,311 44,817 125,828 122,194 27,679 97,600 98,524 190,066 218,400 50,651 134,910 23,765 32,130 26,863 21,588 128,299 29,216 180,746 166,816 15,745 147,939 87,604 101,008 153,021 18,458 176,118 20,215 90,631 496,454 54,025 8,023 95,681 139,299 38,504 152,350 17,480 778,740 12,646,229 *11,462 7,063 6,164 *8,058 90,940 10,974 12,677 6,568 37,035 24,435 6,850 *5,943 25,255 17,648 13,215 6,371 *9,659 *7,633 3,653 6,691 14,957 *13,532 26,485 *4,797 18,514 *3,186 4,978 2,708 6,559 14,311 7,293 18,774 28,474 *1,007 21,790 5,849 19,364 37,226 7,346 *28,664 *1,698 11,076 47,487 15,828 *1,591 14,978 35,378 21,775 8,795 *3,037 *70,830 *88,671 *507,512 *52,717 *722,665 *160,306 *41,044 *18,497 1,384,330 *300,519 ... ... *293,714 *187,676 *90,578 *57,794 ... *294,738 *84,460 *149,280 283,568 *517,039 975,188 ... *363,815 *32,987 *46,669 ... *34,744 *111,118 *44,220 *70,185 *116,198 ... *291,963 *75,566 *78,947 *705,829 *43,146 *520,842 ... *178,985 ... *104,708 ... *207,957 311,267 ... 462,275 *76,668 Expenditures for other items1 5,375,195 60,421 19,492 9,460 21,183 76,672 18,494 9,821 8,994 389,800 189,741 939 18,554 39,269 68,435 18,927 5,465 21,400 244,208 23,330 22,003 75,269 366,446 645,635 14,576 118,003 16,610 36,511 18,054 20,940 27,366 91,958 71,354 119,809 2,306 41,552 31,358 39,149 96,526 5,845 152,572 33,900 28,568 309,341 12,667 4,306 19,897 63,971 25,780 276,303 313,690 United States, total . . . . 42,011,124 Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Massachusetts . . . . . . . . . . . Michigan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Hampshire . . . . . . . . . . New Jersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . North Carolina . . . . . . . . . . North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . . . South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 699,532 516,749 802,405 420,571 2,420,503 542,937 243,552 96,775 4,308,583 1,020,411 110,516 282,972 774,319 627,167 322,648 242,444 855,417 1,006,136 257,124 568,211 769,631 1,671,114 2,725,366 240,332 1,093,206 226,349 181,280 144,634 172,413 752,273 301,101 925,701 1,124,274 93,729 1,062,036 501,786 496,941 1,291,211 153,694 1,404,133 131,089 599,683 3,237,212 371,087 63,749 733,777 904,796 333,454 1,647,035 521,479 * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. 1 ... Sample size too small to report data reliably. Includes expenditures for magazine subscriptions, membership dues and contributions, land leasing and ownership, and licenses, stamps, tags, and permits. Note: U.S. totals include responses from participants residing in the District of Columbia, as described in Appendix D. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation 111 Table 65. Participation in Wildlife-Watching Activities by State Residents Both Inside and Outside Their Resident State: 2006 (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Total participants Participant’s state of residence Population United States, total . . . . Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Massachusetts . . . . . . . . . . . Michigan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Hampshire . . . . . . . . . . New Jersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . North Carolina . . . . . . . . . . North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . . . South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229,245 3,550 499 4,585 2,156 27,299 3,605 2,735 669 14,233 6,910 1,014 1,102 9,767 4,799 2,339 2,110 3,260 3,433 1,074 4,333 5,032 7,804 4,021 2,214 4,521 753 1,359 1,895 1,044 6,734 1,500 14,990 6,719 507 8,889 2,743 2,889 9,793 842 3,315 601 4,699 17,076 1,808 506 5,893 4,980 1,458 4,350 405 Number 71,132 1,006 207 988 859 5,799 1,459 1,102 212 3,520 1,819 160 432 2,355 1,825 1,111 787 1,341 712 600 1,334 1,725 2,947 1,946 618 2,059 412 438 420 471 1,537 490 3,548 2,267 134 3,379 1,082 1,266 3,638 312 943 266 1,966 4,111 574 279 2,126 2,007 585 1,710 194 Percent of population 31 28 42 22 40 21 40 40 32 25 26 16 39 24 38 48 37 41 21 56 31 34 38 48 28 46 55 32 22 45 23 33 24 34 26 38 39 44 37 37 28 44 42 24 32 55 36 40 40 39 48 Away from home Number 22,977 348 68 381 304 2,565 531 290 49 988 371 *55 183 756 611 344 234 540 *234 213 305 531 827 579 *145 709 184 151 168 127 513 220 1,178 402 *30 1,174 414 481 1,038 96 332 116 725 1,176 255 82 603 686 *129 424 82 Percent of population 10 10 14 8 14 9 15 11 7 7 5 *5 17 8 13 15 11 17 *7 20 7 11 11 14 *7 16 24 11 9 12 8 15 8 6 *6 13 15 17 11 11 10 19 15 7 14 16 10 14 *9 10 20 Around the home Number 67,756 989 202 950 811 5,259 1,393 1,063 206 3,274 1,798 145 395 2,258 1,786 1,059 723 1,235 671 576 1,322 1,647 2,826 1,908 606 1,966 389 407 371 451 1,483 437 3,465 2,237 128 3,272 976 1,129 3,502 298 924 257 1,853 3,861 491 274 2,082 1,927 559 1,703 180 Percent of population 30 28 41 21 38 19 39 39 31 23 26 14 36 23 37 45 34 38 20 54 31 33 36 47 27 43 52 30 20 43 22 29 23 33 25 37 36 39 36 35 28 43 39 23 27 54 35 39 38 39 44 * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. U.S. totals include responses from participants residing in the District of Columbia, as described in Appendix D. 112 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Table 66. Participation in Wildlife-Watching Activities by State Where Activity Took Place: 2006 (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) State where activity took place United States, total . . . . . . . Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Massachusetts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Michigan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Hampshire . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Jersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . North Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. U.S. totals include responses from participants residing in the District of Columbia, as described in Appendix D. Total participants Number 71,132 1,161 496 1,277 1,011 6,270 1,819 1,170 285 4,240 1,987 262 754 2,566 2,042 1,205 816 1,475 738 801 1,491 1,919 3,227 2,093 731 2,248 755 490 686 710 1,713 787 3,852 2,641 148 3,489 1,110 1,484 3,947 436 1,115 432 2,362 4,225 877 468 2,312 2,331 743 2,039 643 Percent 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Away from home Number 22,977 471 354 644 435 2,894 873 266 109 1,560 438 154 506 837 755 404 248 572 *225 399 419 655 1,034 641 246 842 512 176 416 347 615 507 1,293 686 *39 1,055 372 675 1,168 203 447 270 1,007 956 518 265 728 959 282 685 521 Percent 32 41 72 50 43 46 48 23 38 37 22 59 67 33 37 34 30 39 *30 50 28 34 32 31 34 37 68 36 61 49 36 64 34 26 *26 30 33 45 30 47 40 63 43 23 59 57 31 41 38 34 81 Around the home Number 67,756 989 202 950 811 5,259 1,393 1,063 206 3,274 1,798 145 395 2,258 1,786 1,059 723 1,235 671 576 1,322 1,647 2,826 1,908 606 1,966 389 407 371 451 1,483 437 3,465 2,237 128 3,272 976 1,129 3,502 298 924 257 1,853 3,861 491 274 2,082 1,927 559 1,703 180 Percent 95 85 41 74 80 84 77 91 72 77 90 55 52 88 87 88 89 84 91 72 89 86 88 91 83 87 52 83 54 63 87 55 90 85 86 94 88 76 89 68 83 60 78 91 56 59 90 83 75 84 28 U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation 113 Table 67. Participation in Away-From-Home Wildlife Watching by State Where Activity Took Place: 2006 (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) State where activity took place United States, total . . . . Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Massachusetts . . . . . . . . . . . Michigan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Hampshire . . . . . . . . . . New Jersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . North Carolina . . . . . . . . . . North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . . . South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. Total participants Number 22,977 471 354 644 435 2,894 873 266 109 1,560 438 154 506 837 755 404 248 572 *225 399 419 655 1,034 641 246 842 512 176 416 347 615 507 1,293 686 *39 1,055 372 675 1,168 203 447 270 1,007 956 518 265 728 959 282 685 521 Percent 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 *100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 *100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 State residents Number 19,095 315 66 352 274 2,328 488 187 35 813 *256 *47 179 546 537 292 202 398 *193 186 253 444 753 495 *126 611 169 115 133 98 418 199 936 300 *23 923 313 382 858 75 267 105 611 *778 194 77 542 628 *120 356 71 Percent 83 67 19 55 63 80 56 70 32 52 *58 *31 35 65 71 72 81 70 *86 47 60 68 73 77 *51 73 33 65 32 28 68 39 72 44 *60 87 84 57 73 37 60 39 61 *81 37 29 74 66 *43 52 14 Nonresidents Number 7,530 *156 288 292 *161 566 385 *79 *74 746 *183 *107 326 *291 *218 *112 ... *173 ... 213 *166 212 *281 *146 *120 *231 343 *61 283 249 *198 *308 357 386 ... *132 ... 293 310 *128 *180 *165 397 *178 324 188 *186 *331 *162 329 451 Percent 33 *33 81 45 *37 20 44 *30 *68 48 *42 *69 65 *35 *29 *28 ... *30 ... 53 *40 32 *27 *23 *49 *27 67 *35 68 72 *32 *61 28 56 ... *13 ... 43 27 *63 *40 *61 39 *19 63 71 *26 *34 *57 48 86 ... Sample size too small to report data reliably. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. U.S. totals include responses from participants residing in the District of Columbia, as described in Appendix D. 114 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Table 68. Days of Wildlife Watching Away From Home by State Where Activity Took Place and Participant’s State of Residence: 2006 (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Days of activity in state State Total days, residents and nonresidents Number United States, total . . . . 352,070 Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Massachusetts . . . . . . . . . . . Michigan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Hampshire . . . . . . . . . . New Jersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . North Carolina . . . . . . . . . . North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . . . South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,292 4,126 5,281 4,148 45,010 9,404 4,184 855 16,551 4,097 1,109 5,165 5,686 24,013 4,013 3,244 4,155 *3,199 4,778 4,782 8,461 10,043 8,040 1,302 14,757 3,081 906 2,298 3,165 7,965 5,429 13,521 4,868 *264 7,816 7,098 8,162 11,972 2,948 4,759 1,382 15,486 13,120 3,927 2,459 5,745 9,104 4,005 5,547 3,009 Days by residents Days by nonresidents Days of activity by state residents Total days, in state of residence and other states Days in state of residence Days in other states Percent 23 *11 ... *24 ... 13 *14 32 *15 *28 *37 ... ... 42 *14 *18 *16 *21 ... *9 *16 20 *26 *24 ... *10 *13 *39 *29 20 16 *6 *22 *30 ... *29 *15 *18 *20 28 *20 ... *11 ... *25 *27 *38 16 ... ... *16 Percent Number 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 *100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 *100 100 100 100 100 100 100 269,936 6,634 1,434 3,634 3,739 41,436 7,010 3,660 718 10,449 *3,266 *386 2,423 4,512 7,397 3,655 3,029 3,265 *3,076 3,621 4,124 7,866 8,600 7,416 *962 13,445 1,578 808 1,366 1,922 7,307 3,670 11,361 2,552 *168 6,746 6,824 6,344 10,562 900 1,788 Percent Number 77 91 35 69 90 92 75 87 84 63 *80 *35 47 79 31 91 93 79 *96 76 86 93 86 92 *74 91 51 89 59 61 92 68 84 52 *64 86 96 78 88 31 38 50 87 *93 61 61 78 88 *69 68 27 82,134 *659 2,692 1,647 *409 3,573 2,394 *524 *136 6,102 *830 *723 2,741 *1,174 *16,616 *358 ... *890 ... 1,157 *658 595 *1,443 *625 *339 *1,312 1,503 *98 932 1,243 *658 *1,759 2,160 2,316 ... *1,070 ... 1,817 1,410 *2,048 *2,972 *693 2,039 *970 1,518 968 *1,250 *1,109 *1,257 1,786 2,196 Percent Number 23 *9 65 31 *10 8 25 *13 *16 37 *20 *65 53 *21 *69 *9 ... *21 ... 24 *14 7 *14 *8 *26 *9 49 *11 41 39 *8 *32 16 48 ... *14 ... 22 12 *69 *62 352,070 7,488 1,629 4,784 4,434 47,752 8,105 5,400 847 14,451 5,221 *488 2,975 7,720 8,644 4,436 3,626 4,155 *3,905 3,979 4,919 9,863 11,582 9,705 *1,408 14,924 1,809 1,323 1,935 2,393 8,694 3,890 14,515 3,641 *284 9,522 8,003 7,741 13,157 1,246 2,233 Percent Number 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 *100 100 100 100 100 100 100 *100 100 100 100 100 100 *100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 *100 100 100 100 100 100 100 269,936 6,634 1,434 3,634 3,739 41,436 7,010 3,660 718 10,449 *3,266 *386 2,423 4,512 7,397 3,655 3,029 3,265 *3,076 3,621 4,124 7,866 8,600 7,416 *962 13,445 1,578 808 1,366 1,922 7,307 3,670 11,361 2,552 *168 6,746 6,824 6,344 10,562 900 1,788 Percent Number 77 89 88 76 84 87 86 68 85 72 *63 *79 81 58 86 82 84 79 *79 91 84 80 74 76 *68 90 87 61 71 80 84 94 78 70 *59 71 85 82 80 72 80 89 89 *38 75 73 62 84 *82 82 84 82,134 *854 ... *1,149 ... 6,315 *1,095 1,740 *129 *4,001 *1,954 ... ... 3,208 *1,248 *782 *597 *890 ... *358 *795 1,998 *2,982 *2,290 ... *1,479 *231 *514 *569 471 1,388 *219 *3,154 *1,089 ... *2,776 *1,179 *1,397 *2,594 346 *446 ... *1,584 ... *807 *562 *2,774 1,480 ... ... *149 100 690 100 13,447 100 *12,150 100 2,409 100 1,491 100 100 100 100 100 4,495 7,995 *2,748 3,760 813 *50 771 13 15,031 *7 *31,986 39 3,216 39 2,053 *22 *12 *31 32 73 7,269 9,475 *3,346 4,568 963 100 690 100 13,447 *100 *12,150 100 2,409 100 1,491 100 100 *100 100 100 4,495 7,995 *2,748 3,760 813 * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. ... Sample size too small to report data reliably. Note: Detail does not add to total because of nonresponse. U.S. totals include responses from participants residing in the District of Columbia, as described in Appendix D. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation 115 Table 69. Expenditures for Wildlife-Watching Activities by State Where Spending Took Place: 2006 (Population 16 years old and older. Expenditures in thousands of dollars) Trip-related expenditures State where spending took place Total expenditures Total triprelated Food and lodging 7,516,281 77,815 308,919 226,856 60,666 1,181,309 345,652 14,833 6,054 565,177 89,209 108,276 81,615 98,942 80,678 26,749 20,316 67,494 *41,818 116,876 35,864 73,481 189,949 192,267 *31,567 86,027 177,498 10,721 75,569 63,345 81,168 124,779 351,017 131,930 *1,306 118,964 75,517 155,350 176,807 84,630 115,067 97,896 215,427 206,692 228,164 37,206 195,270 227,721 *76,701 171,773 186,338 Transportation 4,456,013 47,239 148,615 138,829 46,451 657,316 165,370 34,896 5,978 264,052 43,820 60,429 96,383 88,364 43,914 26,241 30,411 46,949 *18,772 50,392 25,799 65,496 133,660 68,787 *30,634 121,019 95,146 11,431 45,901 50,754 58,984 71,056 306,721 99,341 *3,551 84,018 54,824 96,970 131,536 9,984 57,668 29,244 102,989 148,729 83,011 19,244 41,807 157,045 *57,678 79,881 97,847 Other trip costs Expenditures for equipment Total Wildlifeequip- watching Auxiliary Special ment equipment equipment equipment 9,869,727 137,632 34,318 132,546 128,546 1,131,764 131,635 151,303 31,593 353,046 417,129 17,450 59,828 340,407 242,537 132,212 55,191 137,558 102,097 76,001 174,055 215,958 331,432 332,942 84,814 316,242 43,694 42,675 61,649 70,947 225,519 47,495 602,353 294,390 10,008 372,495 158,048 142,603 432,149 33,237 150,641 34,758 271,007 664,076 55,756 27,646 245,364 262,335 69,352 199,868 20,031 1,033,060 12,271,266 *18,943 *2,486 *28,670 ... 200,080 ... ... ... ... *599,797 Expenditures for other items1 9,605,755 *39,788 32,646 172,754 *177,919 250,391 32,842 61,826 7,490 463,402 222,534 4,810 *9,159 146,959 118,710 64,405 13,113 51,912 62,199 94,130 39,748 112,177 503,076 56,558 *20,706 238,332 19,195 10,821 93,478 82,318 126,049 6,944 236,599 81,338 *981 242,149 16,225 71,170 188,838 67,955 73,539 6,397 231,585 734,650 15,728 34,192 85,307 465,953 *28,397 199,339 30,140 United States, total . . . . 45,654,960 12,875,152 Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Massachusetts . . . . . . . . . . . Michigan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Hampshire . . . . . . . . . . New Jersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . North Carolina . . . . . . . . . . North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . . . South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450,004 581,051 838,307 607,073 4,179,583 1,387,737 509,950 130,832 3,081,496 1,615,316 210,414 265,383 1,133,856 933,920 318,006 156,185 542,059 312,430 865,643 636,214 754,963 1,622,521 698,889 175,846 869,075 376,451 141,910 362,229 273,920 537,449 297,174 1,567,629 916,903 22,913 1,187,703 328,660 776,414 1,442,681 214,247 550,777 183,304 992,362 2,939,018 564,443 122,872 960,190 1,502,311 241,601 744,689 394,869 151,665 511,602 376,256 114,879 1,997,551 537,427 53,025 13,128 887,942 146,722 185,100 193,468 205,976 143,615 54,411 52,778 116,113 61,822 178,462 70,457 148,779 339,188 271,493 68,587 219,932 302,625 22,741 158,935 116,136 146,300 208,278 695,724 246,906 4,952 207,253 134,868 262,425 324,990 97,407 195,804 129,930 327,240 424,197 322,023 58,219 248,021 441,652 136,136 260,166 299,988 902,858 23,174,053 *26,611 54,068 10,572 *7,762 158,927 26,405 *3,296 *1,097 58,713 *13,694 16,395 15,471 *18,670 19,022 ... *2,051 ... *1,232 11,194 8,794 9,802 *15,579 *10,439 *6,386 *12,886 29,982 *589 37,466 2,037 *6,148 12,443 37,986 15,635 ... ... *4,527 10,105 16,646 *2,793 *23,069 *2,789 8,823 68,776 10,848 *1,770 10,944 56,886 ... *8,512 15,803 258,551 36,803 289,296 314,275 1,931,640 817,468 395,098 110,214 1,730,152 1,246,059 20,505 62,756 780,921 671,595 199,190 90,294 374,034 188,409 593,051 526,010 494,008 780,258 370,838 86,553 410,810 54,631 108,348 109,816 75,466 265,100 81,952 635,306 588,658 16,979 738,301 177,568 442,818 928,853 48,884 281,434 46,977 433,538 1,780,171 226,692 30,461 626,861 594,706 77,068 285,185 64,740 *32,468 ... 13,581 ... *3,053 ... 24,159 *1,352,947 *44,523 ... *3,055 ... *57,082 *8,853 ... *4,815 ... ... *61,474 *8,815 31,122 *26,322 *20,354 ... *21,580 ... *960 *6,426 *3,509 *35,044 *3,541 *17,256 *15,900 ... *40,105 *3,052 *29,407 *29,397 *10,103 *36,976 *4,204 46,057 *24,928 *8,414 *2,815 *4,016 29,797 ... *27,604 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... *455,576 *343,140 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... *302,574 ... ... ... * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. 1 ... Sample size too small to report data reliably. Includes expenditures for magazine subscriptions, membership dues and contributions, land leasing and owning, and plantings around the home that benefit wildlife. Note: U.S. totals include responses from participants residing in the District of Columbia, as described in Appendix D. 116 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Appendix A Appendix A. Deﬁnitions Annual household income—Total 2006 income of household members before taxes and other deductions. Around-the-home wildlife watching—Activity within 1 mile of home with one of six primary purposes: (1) taking special interest in or trying to identify birds or other wildlife; (2) photographing wildlife; (3) feeding birds or other wildlife; (4) maintaining natural areas of at least 1/4 acre for the beneﬁt of wildlife; (5) maintaining plantings (such as shrubs and agricultural crops) for the beneﬁt of wildlife; and (6) visiting public land to observe, photograph, or feed wildlife. Auxiliary equipment—Equipment owned primarily for wildlife-associated recreation. For the sportspersons section, these include sleeping bags, packs, duffel bags, tents, binoculars and ﬁeld glasses, special ﬁshing and hunting clothing, foul weather gear, boots and waders, maintenance and repair of equipment, and processing and taxidermy costs. For the wildlifewatching section, these include tents, tarps, frame packs, backpacking and other camping equipment, and blinds. Away-from-home wildlife watching— Trips or outings at least 1 mile from home for the primary purpose of observing, photographing, or feeding wildlife. Trips to zoos, circuses, aquariums, and museums are not included. Big game—Bear, deer, elk, moose, wild turkey, and similar large animals that are hunted. East South Central Alabama Kentucky Mississippi Tennessee Middle Atlantic New Jersey New York Pennsylvania Mountain Arizona Colorado Idaho Montana Nevada New Mexico Utah Wyoming New England Connecticut Maine Massachusetts New Hampshire Rhode Island Vermont Paciﬁc Alaska California Hawaii Oregon Washington South Atlantic Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Maryland North Carolina South Carolina Virginia West Virginia West North Central Kansas Iowa Minnesota Missouri Nebraska North Dakota South Dakota West South Central Arkansas Louisiana Oklahoma Texas Day—Any part of a day spent participating in a given activity. For example, if someone hunted two hours one day and three hours another day, it would be reported as two days of hunting. If someone hunted two hours in the morning and three hours in the afternoon of the same day, it would be considered one day of hunting. Education—The highest completed grade of school or year of college. Expenditures—Money spent in 2006 for wildlife-related recreation trips in the United States, wildlife-related recreational equipment purchased in the United States, and other items. The “other items” were books and magazines, membership dues and contributions, land leasing or owning, hunting and ﬁshing licenses, and plantings, all for the purpose of wildlife-related recreation. Expenditures included both money spent by participants for themselves and the value of gifts they received. Fishing—The sport of catching or attempting to catch ﬁsh with a hook and line, bow and arrow, or spear; it also includes catching or gathering shellﬁsh (clams, crabs, etc.); and the noncommercial seining or netting of ﬁsh, unless the ﬁsh are for use as bait. For example, seining for smelt is ﬁshing, but seining for bait minnows is not included as ﬁshing. Census Divisions East North Central Illinois Indiana Michigan Ohio Wisconsin 118 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Fishing equipment—Items owned primarily for ﬁshing: Rods, reels, poles, and rodmaking components Lines and leaders Artiﬁcial lures, ﬂies, baits, and dressing for ﬂies or lines Hooks, sinkers, swivels, and other items attached to a line, except lures and baits Tackle boxes Creels, stringers, ﬁsh bags, landing nets, and gaff hooks Minnow traps, seines, and bait containers Depth ﬁnders, ﬁsh ﬁnders, and other electronic ﬁshing devices Ice ﬁshing equipment Other ﬁshing equipment Freshwater—Reservoirs, lakes, ponds, and the nontidal portions of rivers and streams. Great Lakes ﬁshing—Fishing in Lakes Superior, Michigan, Huron, St. Clair, Erie, and Ontario, their connecting waters such as the St. Mary’s River system, Detroit River, St. Clair River, and the Niagara River, and the St. Lawrence River south of the bridge at Cornwall, New York. Great Lakes ﬁshing includes ﬁshing in tributaries of the Great Lakes for smelt, steelhead, and salmon. Home—The starting point of a wildlife-related recreational trip. It may be a permanent residence or a temporary or seasonal residence such as a cabin. Hunting—The sport of shooting or attempting to shoot wildlife with ﬁrearms or archery equipment. Hunting equipment—Items owned primarily for hunting: Riﬂes, shotguns, muzzleloaders, and handguns Archery equipment Telescopic sights Decoys and game calls Ammunition Hand loading equipment Hunting dogs and associated costs Other hunting equipment Land leasing and owning—Leasing or owning land either singly or in cooperation with others for the primary purpose of ﬁshing, hunting, or wildlife watching on it. Maintain natural areas—To set aside 1/4 acre or more of natural environment, such as wood lots or open ﬁelds, for the primary purpose of beneﬁting wildlife. This is categorized as a wildlife-watching activity, not ﬁshing or hunting. Maintain plantings—To introduce or encourage the growth of food and cover plants for the primary purpose of beneﬁting wildlife. Examples of plantings are butterﬂy bushes and various sumacs. This is categorized as a wildlife-watching activity, not ﬁshing or hunting. Metropolitan statistical area (MSA)—Except in the New England States, an MSA is a county or group of contiguous counties containing at least one city of 50,000 or more inhabitants or twin cities (i.e., cities with contiguous boundaries and constituting, for general social and economic purposes, a single community) with a combined population of at least 50,000. Also included in an MSA are contiguous counties that are socially and economically integrated with the central city. In the New England States, an MSA consists of towns and cities instead of counties. Each MSA must include at least one central city. See U.S. Census Bureau publication State and Metropolitan Area Data Book; 2006 for more detailed information on MSAs. It can be found at . Migratory birds—Birds that regularly migrate from one region or climate to another such as ducks, geese, and doves and other birds that may be hunted. Multiple responses—The term used to reﬂect the fact that individuals or their characteristics fall into more than one reporting category. An example of a big game hunter who hunted for deer and elk demonstrates the effect of multiple responses. In this case, adding the number of deer hunters (one) and elk hunters (one) would overstate the number of big game hunters (one) because deer and elk hunters are not mutually exclusive categories. In contrast, total participants is the sum of male and female participants, because “male” and “female” are mutually exclusive categories. Nonresidents—Individuals who do not live in the State being reported. For example, a person living in Texas who watches whales in California is a nonresidential wildlife-watcher in California. Nonresponse—A term used to reﬂect the fact that some Survey respondents provide incomplete sets of information. For example, a Survey respondent may have been unable to identify the primary type of hunting for which a gun was bought. Total hunting expenditure estimates will include the gun purchase, but it will not appear as spending for big game or any other type of hunting. Nonresponses result in reported totals that are greater than the sum of their parts. Observe—To take special interest in or try to identify birds, ﬁsh, or other wildlife. Other animals—Coyotes, crows, foxes, groundhogs, prairie dogs, raccoons, and similar animals that can be legally hunted and are not classiﬁed as big game, small game, or migratory birds. They may be classiﬁed as unprotected or predatory animals by the State in which they are hunted. Feral pigs are classiﬁed as “other animals” in all States except Hawaii, where they are considered big game. Participants—Individuals who engage in ﬁshing, hunting, or a wildlifewatching activity. Unless otherwise stated, a person has to have hunted, ﬁshed, or wildlife watched in 2006 to be considered a participant. Plantings—See “Maintain plantings.” Primary purpose—The principal motivation for an activity, trip, or expenditure. Private land—Land that is owned by a private individual, group of individuals, or nongovernmental organization. Public land—Land that is owned by local governments (such as county parks and municipal watersheds), State 119 U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation governments (such as State parks and wildlife management areas), or federal governments (such as National Forests and Wildlife Refuges). Public parks or areas—See “Public land.” Residents—Individuals who lived in the State being reported. For example, a person who lives in California and watches whales in California is a residential wildlife watcher in California. Rural—All territory, population, and housing units located outside of urbanized areas and urban clusters, as determined by the Census Bureau. Saltwater—Oceans, tidal bays and sounds, and the tidal portions of rivers and streams. Screening interviews—The ﬁrst Survey contact with a sample household. Screening interviews are conducted with a household representative to identify respondents who are eligible for in-depth interviews. Screening interviews gather data such as age and sex about individuals in the households. Further information on screening interviews is available on page vii in the “Survey Background and Method” section of this report. Small game—Grouse, pheasants, quail, rabbits, squirrels, and similar small animals for which States have small game seasons and bag limits. Special equipment—Big-ticket equipment items that are owned primarily for wildlife-related recreation: Bass boats Other types of motorboats Canoes and other types of nonmotorboats Boat motors, boat trailer/hitches, and other boat accessories Pickups, campers, vans, travel or tent trailers, motor homes, house trailers, recreational vehicles (RVs) Cabins Off-the-road vehicles such as trail bikes, all terrain vehicles (ATVs), dune buggies, four-wheelers, 4x4 vehicles, and snowmobiles Other special equipment Spenders—People who spent money on ﬁshing, hunting, or wildlifewatching activities or equipment. Sportspersons—Individuals who engage in ﬁshing, hunting, or both. Trip—An outing involving ﬁshing, hunting, or wildlife watching. A trip may begin from an individual’s principal residence or from another place, such as a vacation home or the home of a relative. A trip may last an hour, a day, or many days. Type of ﬁshing—There are three types of ﬁshing: (1) freshwater except Great Lakes, (2) Great Lakes, and (3) saltwater. Type of hunting—There are four types of hunting: (1) big game, (2) small game, (3) migratory bird, and (4) other animal. Unspeciﬁed expenditure—An item that was purchased for use in both ﬁshing and hunting, rather than primarily one or the other. Auxiliary equipment, special equipment, magazines and books, and membership dues and contributions are the items for which a purchase could be categorized as “unspeciﬁed.” Urban—All territory, population, and housing units located within boundaries that encompass densely settled territory, consisting of core census block groups or blocks that have a population density of at least 1,000 people per square mile and surrounding census blocks that have an overall density of at least 500 people per square mile. Under certain conditions, less densely settled territory may be included, as determined by the Census Bureau. Wildlife—Animals, such as birds, ﬁsh, insects, mammals, amphibians, and reptiles that are living in natural or wild environments. Wildlife does not include animals living in aquariums, zoos, and other artiﬁcial surroundings or domestic animals such as farm animals or pets. Wildlife-associated recreation— Recreational ﬁshing, hunting, and wildlife watching. Wildlife watching—There are six types of wildlife watching: (1) closely observing, (2) photographing, (3) feeding, (4) visiting public parks or areas, (5) maintaining plantings, and (6) maintaining natural areas. These activities must be the primary purpose of the trip or the around-the-home undertaking. Wildlife observed, photographed, or fed—Examples of species that wildlife watchers observe, photograph, and/or feed are (1) Wild birds—songbirds such as cardinals, robins, warblers, jays, buntings, and sparrows; birds of prey such as hawks, owls, eagles, and falcons; waterfowl such as ducks, geese, and swans; other water birds such as shorebirds, herons, pelicans, and cranes; and other birds such as pheasants, turkeys, road runners, and woodpeckers; (2) Land mammals— large land mammals such as bears, bison, deer, moose, and elk; and small land mammals such as squirrels, foxes, prairie dogs, and rabbits; (3) Fish such as salmon, sharks, and groupers; (4) Marine mammals such as whales, dolphins, and manatees; and (5) Other wildlife such as butterﬂies, turtles, spiders, and snakes. Wildlife-watching equipment—Items owned primarily for observing, photographing, or feeding wildlife: Binoculars and spotting scopes Cameras, video cameras, special lenses, and other photographic equipment Film and developing Commercially prepared and packaged wild bird food Other bulk food used to feed wild birds Food for other wildlife Nest boxes, bird houses, feeders, and baths Day packs, carrying cases, and special clothing Other items such as ﬁeld guides and maps 120 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Appendix B Appendix B. 2005 Participation of 6-to-15-Year-Olds and Historical Participation of Sportspersons: Data From Screening Interviews The 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation was carried out in two phases. The ﬁrst (or screening) phase began in April 2006. The main purpose of this phase was to collect information about all persons 16 years old and older in order to develop a sample of potential sportspersons and wildlifewatchers for the second (or detailed) phase. Also, information was collected on the number of persons 6 to 15 years old who participated in wildlife-related recreation activities in 2005. It is important to emphasize that the information reported from the 2006 screen relates to activity only up to and including 2005. Also, these data are reported in most cases by one household respondent speaking for all household members rather than the actual participant. In addition, these data are based on long-term recall (at least a 12-month recall), which has been found in Survey research (Investigation of Possible Recall/Reference Period Bias in National Surveys of Fishing, Hunting, and WildlifeAssociated Recreation, December 1989, Westat, Inc.) to add bias to the resulting estimates. In many cases, longer recall periods result in overestimating participation and expenditures for wildlife-related recreation. Tables B-1 through B-4 report data on ﬁrst-time participation and the most recent year of hunting and ﬁshing for participants 6 years of age and older. Tables B-5 though B-11 report data speciﬁcally on 6-to-15-year-old participants in 2005. Table B-12 gives trend data for 6-15 year olds. Detailed expenditures and recreational activity data were not gathered for the 6-to-15year-old participants. Because of differences in methodologies of the screening and the detailed phases of the 2006 Survey, resulting estimates are not comparable. Only participants 16 years old and older were eligible for the detailed phase. The detailed phase was a series of three interviews conducted at four-month intervals. The screening interviews were one year or more recall. The shorter recall period of the detailed phase had better data accuracy. 122 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Table B-1. Anglers and Hunters Participating for the First Time in 2005 by Age Group (Population 6 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Fishing for first time Age group Total anglers in 2005 Total, all ages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 to 8 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 to 11 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 to 15 years . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 to 17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 to 24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 to 34 years . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 to 44 years . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 to 54 years . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 to 64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 years or older . . . . . . . . . . * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. Hunting for first time Total hunters in 2005 15,725 212 369 1,192 677 1,475 2,388 3,104 3,171 1,927 ... Percent of hunters in age group 8 48 42 35 14 11 6 4 3 *1 ... Number 3,983 937 574 464 128 288 418 518 350 150 155 Percent of anglers in age group 7 28 15 9 7 6 6 5 4 3 4 Number 1,327 101 153 423 97 165 143 113 103 *21 ... 55,739 3,403 3,747 4,960 1,910 4,773 7,468 10,523 9,091 6,005 3,859 ... Sample size too small to report data reliably. Note: Data reported on this table are from screening interviews in which one adult household member responded for all household members. The screening interview required the respondent to recall 12 months worth of activity. Table B-2. Anglers and Hunters Participating in 2004 but Not in 2005 by Age Group (Population 6 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Anglers Age group Number Total, all ages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 to 8 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 to 11 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 to 15 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 to 17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 to 24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 to 34 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 to 44 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 to 54 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 to 64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 years or older . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. Note: Data reported on this table are from screening interviews in which one adult household member responded for all household members. The screening interview required the respondent to recall 12 months worth of activity. Includes persons who fished or hunted only in other countries. Hunters Percent 100 4 5 8 4 9 16 19 17 10 8 Number 3,183 *61 88 171 121 327 522 697 525 402 269 Percent 100 *2 3 5 4 10 16 22 16 13 8 11,506 475 615 929 506 1,002 1,846 2,166 1,973 1,131 864 U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation 123 Table B-3. Most Recent Year of Hunting by Age Group (Population 6 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Total, all persons who hunted in 2005 or earlier year Number Total, all ages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 to 11 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 to 15 years . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 to 17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 to 24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 to 34 years . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 to 44 years . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 to 54 years . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 to 64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 years or older . . . . . . . . . . 46,247 829 1,588 967 3,037 5,868 8,465 9,326 7,761 8405 Percent 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Most recent year of hunting 2005 Number 15,741 581 1,192 677 1,477 2,390 3,111 3,174 1,927 1,213 Percent 34 70 75 70 49 41 37 34 25 14 2004 Number 3,191 149 172 121 331 522 700 525 402 269 Percent 7 18 11 13 11 9 8 6 5 3 2003 Number 1,750 *28 68 73 224 300 409 281 219 149 Percent 4 *3 4 8 7 5 5 3 3 2 Age group Most recent year of hunting 2002 Number Total, all ages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 to 11 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 to 15 years . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 to 17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 to 24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 to 34 years . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 to 44 years . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 to 54 years . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 to 64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 years or older . . . . . . . . . . 1,249 ... *43 ... 159 186 291 254 174 127 Percent 3 ... *3 ... 5 3 3 3 2 2 2001 Number 1,037 ... *15 *16 116 202 193 189 128 176 Percent 2 ... *1 *2 4 3 2 2 2 2 2000 Number 1,271 ... ... *18 132 191 256 264 214 179 Percent 3 ... ... *2 4 3 3 3 3 2 Before 2000 Number 21,693 *39 67 47 546 2,022 3,437 4,605 4,681 6,249 Percent 47 *5 4 5 18 34 41 49 60 74 * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. ... Sample size too small to report data reliably. Note: Data reported on this table are from screening interviews in which one adult household member responded for all household members. The screening interview required the respondent to recall 12 months worth of activity. 124 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Table B-4. Most Recent Year of Fishing by Age Group (Population 6 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Total, all persons who fished in 2005 or earlier year Number Total, all ages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 to 11 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 to 15 years . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 to 17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 to 24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 to 34 years . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 to 44 years . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 to 54 years . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 to 64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 years or older . . . . . . . . . . 119,399 9,333 7,543 3,635 9,753 15,840 20,805 21,081 15,645 15,763 Percent 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Most recent year of fishing 2005 Number 55,766 7,150 4,960 1,910 4,781 7,470 10,527 9,095 6,008 3,865 Percent 47 77 66 53 49 47 51 43 38 25 2004 Number 11,546 1,090 935 506 1,013 1,851 2,172 1,979 1,134 866 Percent 10 12 12 14 10 12 10 9 7 5 2003 Number 5,760 397 443 248 646 884 1,089 1,003 593 456 Percent 5 4 6 7 7 6 5 5 4 3 Age group Most recent year of fishing 2002 Number Total, all ages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 to 11 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 to 15 years . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 to 17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 to 24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 to 34 years . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 to 44 years . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 to 54 years . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 to 64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 years or older . . . . . . . . . . 3,965 223 330 197 389 619 630 722 492 363 Percent 3 2 4 5 4 4 3 3 3 2 2001 Number 3,250 126 167 107 343 435 588 603 508 374 Percent 3 1 2 3 4 3 3 3 3 2 2000 Number 3,169 85 113 97 373 447 677 661 343 372 Percent 3 1 1 3 4 3 3 3 2 2 Before 2000 Number 35,190 199 560 547 2,051 3,990 5,000 6,935 6,514 9,394 Percent 29 2 7 15 21 25 24 33 42 60 Note: Data reported on this table are from screening interviews in which one adult household member responded for all household members. The screening interview required the respondent to recall 12 months worth of activity. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation 125 Table B-5. Anglers and Hunters 6 to 15 Years Old: 2005 (Population 6 to 15 years old. Numbers in thousands) Total, 6 to 15 years old Sportspersons Number Total sportspersons, fished or hunted . Total anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fished only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fished and hunted. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunted only. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunted and fished. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. 12 to 15 years old Number 5,121 4,960 3,929 1,031 1,192 161 1,031 Percent 100 97 77 20 23 3 20 9 to 11 years old Number 3,786 3,747 3,417 330 369 *38 330 Percent 100 99 90 9 10 *1 9 6 to 8 years old Number 3,411 3,403 3,199 203 212 ... 203 Percent 100 100 94 6 6 ... 6 Percent 100 98 86 13 14 2 13 12,318 12,110 10,545 1,565 1,773 208 1,565 ... Sample size too small to report data reliably. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. Data reported on this table are from screening interviews in which one adult household member responded for all household members 6 to 15 years old. The screening interview required the respondent to recall 12 months worth of activity. Includes persons who fished or hunted only in other countries. Table B-6. Wildlife-Watching Participants 6 to 15 Years Old by Wildlife-Watching Activity: 2005 (Population 6 to 15 years old. Numbers in thousands) Total, 6 to 15 years old Activity Percent of parNumber ticipants 13,587 5,850 12,055 9,967 2,009 6,324 1,913 100 43 89 73 15 47 14 12 to 15 years old 9 to 11 years old 6 to 8 years old Percent of population 35 14 31 26 3 16 4 Percent of Percent populaof partion Number ticipants 34 14 30 25 5 16 5 5,115 2,154 4,526 3,684 934 2,248 843 100 42 88 72 18 44 16 Percent of Percent populaof partion Number ticipants 30 13 27 22 6 13 5 4,334 1,981 3,849 3,212 670 2,139 626 100 46 89 74 15 49 14 Percent of Percent populaof partion Number ticipants 37 17 33 27 6 18 5 4,137 1,716 3,680 3,072 405 1,937 444 100 41 89 74 10 47 11 Total participants . . . . . . . . . Away from home . . . . . . . . Around the home . . . . . . . . Observe wildlife . . . . . . . Photograph wildlife . . . . Feed wild birds or other wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maintain plantings or natural areas . . . . . . . . . Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. Columns showing percent of participants are based on the first row of each column. Columns showing percent of population in age group are based on the U.S. population in each age category, including those who did not participate in wildlife-watching activities. Data reported on this table are from screening interviews in which one adult household member responded for household members 6 to 15 years old. The screening interview required the respondent to recall 12 months worth of activity. Includes persons who participated only in other countries. 126 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Table B-7. Selected Characteristics of Anglers and Hunters 6 to 15 Years Old: 2005 (Population 6 to 15 years old. Numbers in thousands) U.S. population Characteristic Number Total persons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Population Density of Residence Urban. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rural . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Population Size of Residence Metropolitan statistical area (MSA). . . . 1,000,000 or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250,000 to 999,999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Less than 250,000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Outside MSA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Census Geographic Division New England . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Middle Atlantic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . East North Central . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . West North Central. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South Atlantic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . East South Central . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . West South Central. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mountain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pacific . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Age 6 to 8 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 to 11 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 to 15 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sex Male, total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 to 8 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 to 11 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 to 15 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Female, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 to 8 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 to 11 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 to 15 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ethnicity Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Non-Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Race White. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Asian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . All others . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Annual Household Income Under $10,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $10,000 to $19,999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $20,000 to $24,999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $25,000 to $29,999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $30,000 to $34,999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $35,000 to $39,999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $40,000 to $49,999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $50,000 to $74,999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $75,000 to $99,999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $100,000 or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . See footnotes at end of table. Sportspersons, fished or hunted Number 12,318 8,108 4,210 9,618 5,590 2,678 1,350 2,701 552 1,384 2,285 1,289 2,222 886 1,502 872 1,326 3,411 3,786 5,121 7,662 2,017 2,324 3,321 4,656 1,394 1,462 1,799 1,032 11,286 10,976 709 227 406 324 439 509 524 561 565 1,200 2,542 1,869 2,616 1,170 Percent who participated 30 26 45 28 26 30 35 40 31 26 36 50 30 38 31 30 19 29 32 31 37 33 38 38 24 24 26 22 14 34 35 12 12 37 20 15 24 25 26 28 35 37 42 42 17 Percent 100 66 34 78 45 22 11 22 4 11 19 10 18 7 12 7 11 28 31 42 62 16 19 27 38 11 12 15 8 92 89 6 2 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 10 21 15 21 9 Number 10,545 7,382 3,163 8,537 5,039 2,383 1,114 2,008 530 1,266 2,002 1,074 1,930 627 1,117 760 1,240 3,199 3,417 3,929 6,225 1,835 2,013 2,377 4,320 1,364 1,404 1,551 941 9,604 9,315 664 220 347 290 405 449 441 492 477 1,026 2,077 1,611 2,295 983 Fished only Percent who participated 26 24 34 25 24 27 29 30 29 24 32 42 26 27 23 26 18 27 29 23 30 30 33 27 22 23 25 19 12 29 30 11 11 32 18 14 21 21 23 24 30 30 36 37 15 Percent 100 70 30 81 48 23 11 19 5 12 19 10 18 6 11 7 12 30 32 37 59 17 19 23 41 13 13 15 9 91 88 6 2 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 10 20 15 22 9 Percent 100 77 23 83 52 22 10 17 4 13 16 6 18 6 12 7 17 29 29 41 52 15 15 22 48 14 14 20 19 81 78 15 5 3 4 7 5 5 5 5 8 17 11 15 17 40,500 31,077 9,422 33,809 21,164 8,790 3,854 6,691 1,807 5,246 6,343 2,571 7,435 2,309 4,896 2,922 6,971 11,896 11,827 16,777 20,929 6,068 6,104 8,756 19,571 5,828 5,722 8,021 7,598 32,901 31,400 6,051 1,948 1,100 1,647 2,894 2,105 2,099 2,127 2,006 3,416 6,824 4,470 6,225 6,687 U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation 127 Table B-7. Selected Characteristics of Anglers and Hunters 6 to 15 Years Old: 2005—Continued (Population 6 to 15 years old. Numbers in thousands) Hunted only Characteristic Number Total persons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Population Density of Residence Urban. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rural . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Population Size of Residence Metropolitan statistical area (MSA). . . . 1,000,000 or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250,000 to 999,999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Less than 250,000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Outside MSA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Census Geographic Division New England . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Middle Atlantic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . East North Central . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . West North Central. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South Atlantic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . East South Central . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . West South Central. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mountain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pacific . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Age 6 to 8 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 to 11 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 to 15 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sex Male, total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 to 8 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 to 11 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 to 15 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Female, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 to 8 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 to 11 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 to 15 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ethnicity Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Non-Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Race White. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Asian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . All others . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Annual Household Income Under $10,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $10,000 to $19,999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $20,000 to $24,999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $25,000 to $29,999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $30,000 to $34,999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $35,000 to $39,999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $40,000 to $49,999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $50,000 to $74,999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $75,000 to $99,999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $100,000 or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. Fished and hunted Percent 100 47 53 68 30 *24 *15 32 ... ... ... *14 *18 *15 *15 12 ... ... *18 77 76 ... *13 60 24 ... ... *17 ... 97 93 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 28 *13 *19 *10 Number 1,565 627 937 939 489 245 205 626 *20 *95 264 185 255 228 355 86 75 203 330 1,031 1,278 175 284 819 286 *28 *46 212 *86 1,478 1,466 *36 ... 55 *29 *26 *50 *74 64 75 161 407 231 282 165 Percent who participated 4 2 10 3 2 3 5 9 *1 *2 4 7 3 10 7 3 1 2 3 6 6 3 5 9 1 *(Z) *1 3 *1 4 5 *1 ... 5 *2 *1 *2 *4 3 4 5 6 5 5 2 Percent 100 40 60 60 31 16 13 40 *1 *6 17 12 16 15 23 6 5 13 21 66 82 11 18 52 18 *2 *3 14 *6 94 94 *2 ... 3 *2 *2 *3 *5 4 5 10 26 15 18 11 Percent who participated 1 (Z) 1 (Z) (Z) *1 *1 1 ... ... ... *1 *(Z) *1 *1 1 ... ... *(Z) 1 1 ... *(Z) 1 (Z) ... ... *(Z) ... 1 1 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 1 *1 *1 *(Z) 208 99 110 141 62 *49 *31 67 ... ... ... *30 *37 *31 *30 25 ... ... *38 161 158 ... *27 125 50 ... ... *36 ... 203 194 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 57 *27 *39 *21 ... Sample size too small to report data reliably. (Z) Less than 0.5 percent. Note: Percent who participated columns show the percent of each row’s population who participated in the activity named by the column (the percent of those living in urban areas who fished only, etc.). Percent columns show the percent of each column’s participants who are described by the row heading (the percent of those who fished only who lived in urban areas, etc.). Data reported on this table are from screening interviews in which one adult household member responded for all household members. The screening interview required the respondent to recall 12 months worth of activity. 128 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Table B-8. Selected Characteristics of Wildlife-Watching Participants 6 to 15 Years Old: 2005 (Population 6 to 15 years old. Numbers in thousands) Participants U.S. population Total Characteristic Percent who participated 34 31 43 32 30 35 40 40 41 32 36 47 32 34 33 37 27 35 37 30 35 36 37 33 32 34 36 28 21 36 37 17 22 42 20 25 25 26 35 32 38 38 45 46 19 Away from home Percent who participated 14 13 19 14 13 16 17 17 16 14 16 19 12 14 15 19 13 14 17 13 15 15 17 13 14 14 16 12 10 15 16 5 14 21 9 9 9 14 13 14 14 17 23 21 6 Around the home Percent who participated 30 27 40 29 26 31 36 35 36 30 33 40 29 32 29 31 22 31 33 27 31 31 33 29 29 30 32 25 18 32 33 15 15 37 17 22 22 22 30 30 34 34 40 41 17 Number Total persons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Population Density of Residence Urban. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rural . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Population Size of Residence Metropolitan statistical area (MSA) . . . 1,000,000 or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250,000 to 999,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . Less than 250,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Outside MSA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Census Geographic Division New England . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Middle Atlantic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . East North Central . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . West North Central . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South Atlantic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . East South Central . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . West South Central . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mountain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pacific . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Age 6 to 8 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 to 11 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 to 15 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sex Male, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 to 8 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 to 11 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 to 15 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Female, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 to 8 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 to 11 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 to 15 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ethnicity Hispanic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Non-Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Race White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Asian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . All others. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Annual Household Income Under $10,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $10,000 to $19,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $20,000 to $24,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $25,000 to $29,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $30,000 to $34,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $35,000 to $39,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $40,000 to $49,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $50,000 to $74,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $75,000 to $99,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $100,000 or more. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not reported. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40,500 31,077 9,422 33,809 21,164 8,790 3,854 6,691 1,807 5,246 6,343 2,571 7,435 2,309 4,896 2,922 6,971 11,896 11,827 16,777 20,929 6,068 6,104 8,756 19,571 5,828 5,722 8,021 7,598 32,901 31,400 6,051 1,948 1,100 1,647 2,894 2,105 2,099 2,127 2,006 3,416 6,824 4,470 6,225 6,687 Percent 100 77 23 83 52 22 10 17 4 13 16 6 18 6 12 7 17 29 29 41 52 15 15 22 48 14 14 20 19 81 78 15 5 3 4 7 5 5 5 5 8 17 11 15 17 Number 13,587 9,503 4,084 10,937 6,289 3,097 1,550 2,650 744 1,698 2,265 1,201 2,343 792 1,603 1,072 1,868 4,137 4,334 5,115 7,281 2,156 2,256 2,869 6,306 1,981 2,078 2,247 1,626 11,960 11,687 1,000 438 461 335 716 533 547 743 641 1,312 2,601 2,027 2,858 1,273 Percent 100 70 30 80 46 23 11 20 5 12 17 9 17 6 12 8 14 30 32 38 54 16 17 21 46 15 15 17 12 88 86 7 3 3 2 5 4 4 5 5 10 19 15 21 9 Number 5,850 4,103 1,747 4,726 2,713 1,365 647 1,125 295 712 987 498 875 317 738 554 873 1,716 1,981 2,154 3,138 916 1,051 1,171 2,712 800 930 983 784 5,067 5,025 314 275 236 145 271 188 300 279 283 493 1,171 1,022 1,280 417 Percent 100 70 30 81 46 23 11 19 5 12 17 9 15 5 13 9 15 29 34 37 54 16 18 20 46 14 16 17 13 87 86 5 5 4 2 5 3 5 5 5 8 20 17 22 7 Number 12,055 8,331 3,724 9,694 5,569 2,727 1,398 2,361 658 1,564 2,074 1,028 2,165 731 1,400 906 1,528 3,680 3,849 4,526 6,468 1,908 2,027 2,533 5,587 1,772 1,822 1,993 1,378 10,677 10,468 890 294 404 284 648 462 464 642 596 1,167 2,351 1,776 2,537 1,129 Percent 100 69 31 80 46 23 12 20 5 13 17 9 18 6 12 8 13 31 32 38 54 16 17 21 46 15 15 17 11 89 87 7 2 3 2 5 4 4 5 5 10 20 15 21 9 Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. Percent who participated columns show the percent of each row’s population who participated in the activity named by the column (the percent of those living in urban areas who were around-the-home participants, etc.). Percent columns show the percent of each column’s participants who are described by the row heading (the percent of those who were around-the-home participants who lived in urban areas, etc.). Data reported on this table are from screening interviews in which one adult household member responded for all household members 6 to 15 years old. The screening interview required the respondent to recall 12 months worth of activity. Includes persons who participated in wildlife-watching activities only in other countries. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation 129 Table B-9. Participants in Wildlife-Related Recreation 6 to 15 Years Old by State Residents Both Inside and Outside Their Resident State: 2005 (Population 6 to 15 years old. Numbers in thousands) Total participants Participant’s state of residence Population United States, total. . . . . . . . . . Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Hampshire . . . . . . . . . . . New Jersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . North Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40,500 600 104 879 371 5,389 646 472 107 2,263 1,281 168 206 1,785 897 368 368 541 620 155 772 798 1,414 672 404 756 112 233 354 172 1,203 270 2,476 1,181 74 1,531 466 477 1,567 136 564 101 764 3,438 393 74 1,000 833 211 716 62 Number 18,421 281 75 321 217 1,656 364 225 53 884 567 56 124 725 489 240 237 348 233 103 329 380 747 495 164 469 71 135 122 106 438 131 905 562 45 861 269 254 854 67 290 65 364 1,412 203 53 479 416 120 375 46 Percent of population 45 47 72 36 58 31 56 48 49 39 44 33 60 41 55 65 64 64 37 66 43 48 53 74 41 62 63 58 34 62 36 48 37 48 61 56 58 53 54 50 51 65 48 41 51 71 48 50 57 52 74 Sportspersons Number 12,318 230 58 172 164 810 242 138 35 547 394 33 87 493 366 184 177 272 167 73 210 194 541 391 147 353 46 106 69 78 279 83 513 384 37 596 172 157 592 36 218 41 236 1,000 141 33 325 268 109 290 30 Percent of population 30 38 55 20 44 15 37 29 32 24 31 20 42 28 41 50 48 50 27 47 27 24 38 58 36 47 41 45 20 45 23 31 21 33 50 39 37 33 38 26 39 41 31 29 36 45 33 32 52 40 49 Wildlife-watching participants Number 13,587 177 52 236 121 1,255 302 175 40 645 406 38 86 500 313 177 178 245 160 78 253 316 613 346 96 343 49 73 103 80 326 103 697 370 28 597 201 188 674 52 179 56 275 1,121 157 41 367 335 83 242 36 Percent of population 34 29 50 27 33 23 47 37 37 29 32 22 42 28 35 48 48 45 26 51 33 40 43 52 24 45 44 31 29 47 27 38 28 31 38 39 43 39 43 39 32 56 36 33 40 56 37 40 39 34 58 Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. U.S. totals include responses from participants residing in the District of Columbia, as described in the statistical accuracy appendix. Data reported on this table are from screening interviews in which one adult household member responded for household members 6 to 15 years old. The screening interview required the respondent to recall 12 months worth of activity. Includes persons who participated only in other countries. 130 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Table B-10. Anglers and Hunters 6 to 15 Years Old by State Residents Participating Both Inside and Outside Their Resident State: 2005 (Population 6 to 15 years old. Numbers in thousands) Fished or hunted Sportsperson’s state of residence Population United States, total. . . . . . . . . . Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Hampshire . . . . . . . . . . . New Jersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . North Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40,500 600 104 879 371 5,389 646 472 107 2,263 1,281 168 206 1,785 897 368 368 541 620 155 772 798 1,414 672 404 756 112 233 354 172 1,203 270 2,476 1,181 74 1,531 466 477 1,567 136 564 101 764 3,438 393 74 1,000 833 211 716 62 Number 12,318 230 58 172 164 810 242 138 35 547 394 33 87 493 366 184 177 272 167 73 210 194 541 391 147 353 46 106 69 78 279 83 513 384 37 596 172 157 592 36 218 41 236 1,000 141 33 325 268 109 290 30 Percent of population 30 38 55 20 44 15 37 29 32 24 31 20 42 28 41 50 48 50 27 47 27 24 38 58 36 47 41 45 20 45 23 31 21 33 50 39 37 33 38 26 39 41 31 29 36 45 33 32 52 40 49 Fished only Number 10,545 157 52 156 120 778 223 136 32 499 324 30 68 438 303 157 152 219 120 68 187 190 486 334 78 289 33 86 62 74 271 78 471 337 26 541 125 141 525 35 188 30 173 752 114 27 289 239 73 233 25 Percent of population 26 26 50 18 32 14 34 29 30 22 25 18 33 25 34 43 41 41 19 44 24 24 34 50 19 38 30 37 18 43 23 29 19 29 36 35 27 29 33 26 33 30 23 22 29 37 29 29 35 33 40 Hunted only Number 208 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Percent of population 1 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Fished and hunted Number 1,565 *64 *6 ... *37 ... *13 ... ... *38 *56 ... *13 *55 *57 *23 *18 *42 *43 ... *19 ... *52 *54 61 *57 *9 *18 ... ... ... ... ... *42 *7 *49 41 ... *53 ... *29 *8 *62 234 *23 ... *34 *22 *34 *51 *5 Percent of population 4 *11 *5 ... *10 ... *2 ... ... *2 *4 ... *6 *3 *6 *6 *5 *8 *7 ... *2 ... *4 *8 15 *8 *8 *8 ... ... ... ... ... *4 *9 *3 9 ... *3 ... *5 *8 *8 7 *6 ... *3 *3 *16 *7 *7 * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. ... Sample size too small to report data reliably. Note: U.S. totals include responses from participants residing in the District of Columbia, as described in the statistical accuracy appendix. Data reported on this table are from screening interviews in which one adult household member responded for household members 6 to 15 years old. The screening interviews required the respondent to recall 12 months worth of activity. Includes persons who participated only in other countries. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation 131 Table B-11. Participants in Wildlife-Watching Activities 6 to 15 Years Old by State Residents Participating Both Inside and Outside Their Resident State: 2005 (Population 6 to 15 years old. Numbers in thousands) Participants Participant’s state of residence Population United States, total. . . . . . . . . . Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Hampshire . . . . . . . . . . . New Jersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . North Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. U.S. totals include responses from participants residing in the District of Columbia, as described in the statistical accuracy appendix. Data reported on this table are from screening interviews in which one adult household member responded for all household members 6 to 15 years old. The screening interview required the respondent to recall 12 months worth of activity. Includes persons who participated only in other countries. Total Number 13,587 177 52 236 121 1,255 302 175 40 645 406 38 86 500 313 177 178 245 160 78 253 316 613 346 96 343 49 73 103 80 326 103 697 370 28 597 201 188 674 52 179 56 275 1,121 157 41 367 335 83 242 36 Percent of population 34 29 50 27 33 23 47 37 37 29 32 22 42 28 35 48 48 45 26 51 33 40 43 52 24 45 44 31 29 47 27 38 28 31 38 39 43 39 43 39 32 56 36 33 40 56 37 40 39 34 58 Away from home Number 5,850 *49 27 113 *41 597 158 71 17 232 153 17 37 216 144 77 68 89 *74 35 118 121 313 161 *34 130 36 33 50 40 139 53 264 121 *7 254 65 74 310 19 90 22 146 558 84 *10 111 158 *33 *61 22 Percent of population 14 *8 26 13 *11 11 25 15 16 10 12 10 18 12 16 21 19 16 *12 23 15 15 22 24 *8 17 32 14 14 23 12 20 11 10 *10 17 14 15 20 14 16 22 19 16 21 *14 11 19 *16 *9 36 Around the home Number 12,055 165 47 205 102 1,011 265 155 35 611 376 30 63 467 285 160 147 224 143 73 231 278 551 296 88 295 39 57 84 67 288 82 646 333 25 533 178 155 630 46 165 47 255 977 137 40 338 284 77 239 31 Percent of population 30 27 45 23 27 19 41 33 33 27 29 18 31 26 32 43 40 41 23 47 30 35 39 44 22 39 34 25 24 39 24 30 26 28 34 35 38 33 40 34 29 46 33 28 35 54 34 34 36 33 50 40,500 600 104 879 371 5,389 646 472 107 2,263 1,281 168 206 1,785 897 368 368 541 620 155 772 798 1,414 672 404 756 112 233 354 172 1,203 270 2,476 1,181 74 1,531 466 477 1,567 136 564 101 764 3,438 393 74 1,000 833 211 716 62 132 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Table B-12. Participation by 6-to-15-Year-Olds in 1980, 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000, and 2005 (Numbers in thousands) 1980 Participant Number of participants Total sportspersons . . . . . . . . . Anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total wildlife watchers. . . . . . . Around the home . . . . . . . . . . Away from home . . . . . . . . . . 12,141 11,787 1,962 (NA) (NA) (NA) Percent change from previous survey (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 1995 Percent change from previous survey 7 7 –1 2 (Z) 14 Percent of 6-to-15year-old Number of population participants 39 38 4 45 40 21 13,369 13,145 1,741 15,066 13,542 6,091 Percent of 6-to-15year-old Number of population participants 34 33 6 (NA) (NA) (NA) 12,558 12,243 1,799 17,789 16,151 6,615 1985 Percent change from previous survey 3 4 –8 (NA) (NA) (NA) 2000 Percent change from previous survey –11 –11 1 –14 –12 –27 Percent of 6-to-15year-old Number of population participants 33 32 4 37 33 15 12,318 12,110 1,773 13,587 12,055 5,850 Percent of 6-to-15year-old Number of population participants 36 35 5 51 46 19 14,011 13,790 1,730 17,136 15,406 7,311 2005 Percent change from previous survey –8 –8 2 –10 –11 –4 Percent of 6-to-15year-old population 30 30 4 34 30 14 1990 Percent change from previous survey 12 13 –4 –4 –5 11 Percent of 6-to-15year-old population 39 39 5 48 43 21 Number of participants Total sportspersons . . . . . . . . . Anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total wildlife watchers. . . . . . . Around the home . . . . . . . . . . Away from home . . . . . . . . . . (NA) Not available. 15,019 14,808 1,720 17,449 15,425 8,314 (Z) Less than 0.5 percent. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation 133 Appendix C Appendix C. Signiﬁcant Methodological Changes From Previous Surveys and Regional Trends The 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation (FHWAR) was designed to continue the data collection of the 1955 to 2001 Surveys. While complete comparability between any two surveys cannot be achieved, this appendix compares major ﬁndings of all the surveys and presents trends for the major categories of wildlife-related recreation where feasible. Differences among the Surveys are discussed in the following two sections. The principal characteristics of the 1955 to 2006 Surveys are summarized in Table C-1. The table shows the scope and design of all 11 surveys. This appendix provides trend information in two sections (1991 to 2006 and 1955 to 1985). A signiﬁcant change was made in 1991 in the recall period used in the detailed phase of the FHWAR Surveys. The recall period in 1991 was shortened from 12 months (used in previous surveys) to 4 months in order to improve the accuracy of the data collected. As a result of that change, the surveys conducted since 1991 cannot be compared with those conducted earlier. The 1955 to 1985 Surveys required respondents to recall their recreation activities for the survey year at the beginning of the following year. The 1991 to 2006 Surveys went back to the respondents three times during the survey year to get their activity information. The change in the recall period was due to a study1 of the effect of the respondent recall length on survey estimates. The study found signiﬁcant differences in FHWAR survey results using annual recall periods 1 versus shorter recall periods. Longer recall periods lead to higher estimates. Even when everything else was held constant, such as questionnaire content and sample design, increasing the respondent’s recall period resulted in signiﬁcantly higher estimates for the same phenomenon. The recall study also found that the extent of recall bias varied for different types of ﬁshing and hunting participation and expenditures. For example, annual recall respondents gave an estimate of average annual days of saltwater ﬁshing that was 46 percent higher than the trimester recall estimate, while the annual recall estimate of average annual saltwater ﬁshing trips was 30 percent higher than the trimester recall estimate. This means there is no single correction factor for all survey estimates when calculating trends from surveys using different recall periods. Reliable trends analysis needs to use data compiled from surveys in which the important elements, such as the sample design and recall period, are not signiﬁcantly different. 2. The 1991 Survey screening phase was conducted in January and February 1991, when the sample households were contacted and a household respondent was interviewed on behalf of the entire household. The screening interviews for the 1996, 2001, and 2006 Surveys were conducted April through June of their survey years in conjunction with the ﬁrst wave of the detailed interviews. The screening interviews for all four Surveys consisted primarily of demographic questions and wildlife-related recreation questions concerning activity in the previous year (1990, 1995, etc.) and intentions for recreating in the survey year. In the 1991 Survey, an attempt was made to contact every sample person in all three detailed interview waves. In 1996, 2001, and 2006, respondents who were interviewed in the ﬁrst detailed interview wave were not contacted again until the third wave. Also, all interviews in the second wave were conducted by telephone. In-person interviews were only conducted in the ﬁrst and third waves. Section I. Important Instrument Changes in the 1996 Survey 1. The 1991 Survey collected information on all wildlife-related recreation purchases made by participants without reference to where the purchase was made. The 1996 Survey asked in which state the purchase was made. 2. In 1991, respondents were asked what kind of ﬁshing they did, i.e., Great Lakes, other freshwater, or saltwater, and then were asked in what states they ﬁshed. In 1996, respondents were asked in which 1991 to 2006 Signiﬁcant Methodological Differences The most signiﬁcant design differences in the four surveys are as follows: 1. The 1991 Survey data were collected by interviewers ﬁlling out paper questionnaires. The data entries were keyed in a separate operation after the interview. The 1996, 2001, and 2006 survey data were collected by the use of computer-assisted interviews. The questionnaires were programmed into computers, and the interviewer keyed in the responses at the time of the interview. Investigation of Possible Recall/Reference Period Bias in National Surveys of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation, December 1989, Westat, Inc. 136 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Table C-1. Major Characteristics of Surveys: 1955 to 2006 Characteristic Survey design: Screening interview mode and population of interest . . . . . . . . . . . . 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1991 1996 2001 2006 Combined with detailed phase Personal interview, 12 years old and older Personal interview, 9 years old and older Mail questionnaire, 9 years old and older Telephone Telephone/ Telephone/ Telephone/ Telephone/ Telephone/ interview, personal personal personal personal personal 6 years interview, interview, interview, interview, interview, old and 6 years 6 years 6 years 6 years 6 years older old and old and old and old and old and older older older older older Telephone/ personal interview, 6 years old and older Detailed interview mode and population of interest . . . . . . . . . . . . Personal interview, 12 years old and older Personal Personal Personal interview, interview, interview, 12 years 12 years 12 years old and old and old and older. older. older. Substantial Substantial Substantial participarticiparticipants1 pants2 pants1 1 year 1 year 1 year Mail questionnaire, 9 years old and older Personal interview, 16 years old and older Personal Telephone/ Telephone/ Telephone/ interview, personal personal personal 16 years interview, interview, interview, old and 16 years 16 years 16 years older old and old and old and older. older older 4–8 months 4–8 months Telephone/ personal interview, 16 years old and older 4–8 months Respondent’s recall period. . . Sample sizes: Screening phase (households) . . . . . . . . . . Detailed phase (individuals): Fishing and hunting . . . . Wildlife watching3 . . . . . Response rates: Screening phase . . . . . . . . Detailed phase: Fishing and hunting . . . . Wildlife watching3 . . . . . Level of reporting. . . . . . . . . Data collection agent . . . . . . 1 year 1 year 1 year 1 year 4 months 20,000 9,328 (X) (NA) (NA) (X) National Private contractor 18,000 10,300 (X) (NA) 93 percent (X) National U.S. Census Bureau 16,000 6,400 (X) (NA) (NA) (X) National U.S. Census Bureau 24,000 8,700 (X) (NA) (NA) (X) National U.S. Census Bureau 106,294 20,211 (X) 95 percent 37 percent (X) State and National Private contractor 116,025 30,291 5,997 95 percent 90 percent 95 percent State and National U.S. Census Bureau 102,694 28,011 26,671 93 percent 92 percent 94 percent State and National U.S. Census Bureau 102,804 23,179 22,723 95 percent 95 percent 95 percent State and National U.S. Census Bureau 44,000 13,222 9,802 71 percent 80 percent 82 percent State and National U.S. Census Bureau 52,508 25,070 15,303 75 percent 88 percent 90 percent State and National U.S. Census Bureau 66,688 21,938 11,279 90 percent 77 percent 78 percent State and National U.S. Census Bureau (NA) Not available. 1 2 3 (X) Not applicable; wildlife-watching (nonconsumptive) interviews were not conducted prior to 1980. Spent $5.00 or more or participated 3 days or more during the year. Spent $7.50 or more or participated 3 days or more during the year. Termed ‘‘nonconsumptive’’ in 1980, 1985, and 1991 Surveys. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation 137 states they ﬁshed and then were asked what kind of ﬁshing they did. This method had the advantage of not asking about, for example, saltwater ﬁshing when they only ﬁshed in a noncoastal state. 3. In 1991, respondents were asked how many days they “actually” hunted or ﬁshed for a particular type of game or ﬁsh and then how many days they “chieﬂy” hunted or ﬁshed for the same type of game or ﬁsh rather than another type of game or ﬁsh. To get total days of hunting or ﬁshing for a particular type of game or ﬁsh, the “actually” day response was used, while to get the sum of all days of hunting or ﬁshing, the “chieﬂy” days were summed. In 1996, respondents were asked their total days of hunting or ﬁshing in the country and in each state, then how many days they hunted or ﬁshed for a particular type of game or ﬁsh. 4. Trip-related and equipment expenditure categories were not the same for all Surveys. “Guide fee” and “Pack trip or package fee” were two separate trip-related expenditure items in 1991, while they were combined into one category in the 1996 Survey. “Boating costs” was added to the 1996 hunting and wildlife-watching trip-related expenditure sections. “Heating and cooking fuel” was added to all of the trip-related expenditure sections. “Spearﬁshing equipment” was moved from a separate category to the “other” list. “Rods” and “Reels” were two separate categories in 1991 but were combined in 1996. “Lines, hooks, sinkers, etc.” was one category in 1991 but split into “Lines” and “Hooks, sinkers, etc.” in 1996. “Food used to feed other wildlife” was added to the wildlife-watching equipment section; “Boats” and “Cabins” were added to the wildlife-watching special equipment section; and “Land leasing and ownership” was added to the wildlife-watching expenditures section. 5. Questions asking sportspersons if they participated as much as they wanted were added in 1996. If the sportspersons said no, they were asked why not. 6. The 1991 Survey included questions about participation in organized ﬁshing competitions; anglers using bows and arrows, nets or seines, or spearﬁshing; hunters using pistols or handguns and target shooting in preparation for hunting. These questions were not asked in 1996. 7. The 1996 Survey included questions about catch and release ﬁshing and persons with disabilities participating in wildlife-related recreation. These questions were not part of the 1991 Survey. 8. The 1991 Survey included questions about average distance traveled to recreation sites. These questions were not included in the 1996 Survey. 9. The 1996 Survey included questions about the last trip the respondent took. Included were questions about the type of trip, where the activity took place, and the distance and direction to the site visited. These questions were not asked in 1991. 10. The 1991 Survey collected data on hunting, ﬁshing, and wildlife watching by U.S. residents in Canada. The 1996 Survey collected data on ﬁshing and wildlifewatching by U.S. residents in Canada. Section II. Important Instrument Changes in the 2001 Survey 1. The 1991 and 1996 single-race category “Asian or Paciﬁc Islander” was changed to two categories “Asian” and “Native Hawaiian or Other Paciﬁc Islander.” In 1991 and 1996, the respondent was required to pick only one category, while in 2001 the respondent could pick any combination of categories. The next question stipulated that the respondent could only be identiﬁed with one category and then asked what that category was. 2. The 1991 and 1996 land leasing and ownership sections asked the respondent to combine the two types of land use into one and give total acreage and expenditures. In 2001, the two types of land use were explored separately. 3. The 1991 and 1996 wildlifewatching sections included questions on birdwatching for residential users only. The 2001 Survey added a question on birdwatching for nonresidential users. Also, questions on the use of birding life lists and how many species the respondent can identify were added. 4. “Recreational vehicles” was added to the sportspersons and wildlifewatchers special equipment section. “House trailer” was added to the sportspersons special equipment section. 5. Total personal income was asked in the detailed phase of the 1996 Survey. This was changed to total household income in the 2001 Survey. 6. A question was added to the triprelated expenditures section to ascertain how much of the total was spent in the respondent’s state of residence when the respondent participated in hunting, ﬁshing, or wildlife watching out of state. 7. Boating questions were added to the ﬁshing section. The respondent was asked about the extent of boat usage for the three types of ﬁshing. 8. The 1996 Survey included questions about the months residential wildlife watchers fed birds. These questions were not repeated in the 2001 Survey. 9. The contingent valuation sections of the three types of wildlife-related recreation were altered, using an open-ended question format instead of the dichotomous choice format used in 1996. Section III. Important Instrument Changes in the 2006 Survey 1. A series of boating questions was added. The new questions dealt with anglers using motorboats and/ or non-motorboats, length of boat 138 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Table C-2. Anglers and Hunters by Census Division: 1991, 1996, 2001, and 2006 (U.S. population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) 1991 Area and sportsperson Number UNITED STATES Total population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sportspersons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New England Total population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sportspersons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Middle Atlantic Total population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sportspersons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . East North Central Total population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sportspersons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . West North Central Total population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sportspersons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South Atlantic Total population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sportspersons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . East South Central Total population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sportspersons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . West South Central Total population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sportspersons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mountain Total population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sportspersons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pacific Total population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sportspersons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,508 4,875 4,505 1,101 100 17 15 4 31,787 4,897 4,501 1,203 100 15 14 4 34,498 4,349 4,111 837 100 13 12 2 36,681 3,345 3,094 798 100 9 8 2 10,092 2,488 2,079 1,069 100 25 21 11 11,966 2,761 2,411 1,061 100 23 20 9 13,308 2,757 2,443 1,020 100 21 18 8 15,651 2,372 2,084 868 100 15 13 6 19,926 5,125 4,592 1,843 100 26 23 9 21,811 5,093 4,616 1,812 100 23 21 8 23,337 4,924 4,375 1,988 100 21 19 9 25,407 4,499 3,952 1,810 100 18 16 7 11,667 2,984 2,635 1,279 100 26 23 11 12,459 2,907 2,514 1,301 100 23 20 10 12,976 2,865 2,543 1,164 100 22 20 9 13,722 2,689 2,436 1,101 100 20 18 8 33,682 6,996 6,441 2,083 100 21 19 6 36,776 7,282 6,636 2,050 100 20 18 6 39,286 6,957 6,451 1,875 100 18 16 5 43,965 6,633 6,116 1,884 100 15 14 4 13,504 4,143 3,647 1,709 100 31 27 13 13,875 3,977 3,416 1,917 100 29 25 14 14,430 4,239 3,836 1,710 100 29 27 12 15,458 3,836 3,284 1,779 100 25 21 12 32,188 7,202 6,264 2,789 100 22 19 9 33,121 6,912 6,006 2,712 100 21 18 8 34,082 6,400 5,655 2,421 100 19 17 7 35,609 5,975 5,190 2,376 100 17 15 7 29,216 4,508 3,871 1,746 100 15 13 6 29,371 4,192 3,627 1,453 100 14 12 5 29,806 3,810 3,250 1,633 100 13 11 5 31,518 3,214 2,550 1,520 100 10 8 5 10,180 1,658 1,545 444 100 16 15 4 10,306 1,673 1,520 465 100 16 15 5 10,575 1,504 1,402 386 100 14 13 4 11,233 1,353 1,246 374 100 12 11 3 189,964 39,979 35,578 14,063 100 21 19 7 201,472 39,694 35,246 13,975 100 20 17 7 212,298 37,805 34,067 13,034 100 18 16 6 229,245 33,916 29,952 12,510 100 15 13 5 Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent 1996 2001 2006 U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation 139 Table C-3. Wildlife-Watching Participants by Census Division: 1991, 1996, 2001, and 2006 (Numbers in thousands. Population 16 years old and older) 1991 Area and wildlife watcher Number UNITED STATES Total population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total wildlife watchers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Away from home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Around the home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New England Total population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total wildlife watchers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Away from home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Around the home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Middle Atlantic Total population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total wildlife watchers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Away from home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Around the home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . East North Central Total population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total wildlife watchers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Away from home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Around the home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . West North Central Total population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total wildlife watchers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Away from home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Around the home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South Atlantic Total population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total wildlife watchers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Away from home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Around the home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . East South Central Total population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total wildlife watchers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Away from home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Around the home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . West South Central Total population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total wildlife watchers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Away from home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Around the home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mountain Total population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total wildlife watchers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Away from home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Around the home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pacific Total population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total wildlife watchers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Away from home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Around the home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,508 10,139 5,035 9,641 100 34 17 33 31,787 8,966 3,648 8,558 100 28 11 27 34,498 9,377 3,793 8,504 100 27 11 25 36,681 9,439 3,856 8,664 100 26 11 24 10,092 4,437 2,215 4,145 100 44 22 41 11,966 4,099 1,967 3,855 100 34 16 32 13,308 4,619 2,019 4,282 100 35 15 32 15,651 4,968 2,004 4,605 100 32 13 29 19,926 7,035 2,459 6,817 100 35 12 34 21,811 5,933 2,096 5,773 100 27 10 26 23,337 5,747 1,822 5,490 100 25 8 24 25,407 6,764 2,127 6,319 100 27 8 25 11,667 4,864 1,592 4,765 100 42 14 41 12,459 3,904 1,118 3,795 100 31 9 30 12,976 4,514 1,086 4,390 100 35 8 34 13,722 4,931 1,758 4,683 100 36 13 34 33,682 13,047 4,450 12,813 100 39 13 38 36,776 11,252 3,992 10,964 100 31 11 30 39,286 11,395 3,469 10,911 100 29 9 28 43,965 12,862 3,208 12,432 100 29 7 28 13,504 6,924 2,654 6,722 100 51 20 50 13,875 5,089 1,927 4,900 100 37 14 35 14,430 6,206 2,059 5,938 100 43 14 41 15,458 6,741 2,163 6,447 100 44 14 42 32,188 14,511 5,572 14,175 100 45 17 44 33,121 11,731 4,501 11,297 100 35 14 34 34,082 11,631 3,571 11,196 100 34 10 33 35,609 12,215 3,792 11,845 100 34 11 33 29,216 10,556 4,166 10,282 100 36 14 35 29,371 8,185 2,960 8,023 100 28 10 27 29,806 8,740 2,849 8,452 100 29 10 28 31,518 8,723 2,729 8,451 100 28 9 27 10,180 4,598 1,856 4,544 100 45 18 45 10,306 3,710 1,443 3,586 100 36 14 35 10,575 3,875 1,155 3,765 100 37 11 36 11,233 4,489 1,340 4,310 100 40 12 38 189,964 76,111 29,999 73,904 100 40 16 39 201,472 62,868 23,652 60,751 100 31 12 30 212,298 66,105 21,823 62,928 100 31 10 30 229,245 71,132 22,977 67,756 100 31 10 30 Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent 1996 2001 2006 140 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service used most often, distance to boat launch used most often, needed improvements to facilities at the launch, whether or not the respondent completed a boating safety course, who the boater ﬁshed with most often, and the source and type of information the boater used for his or her ﬁshing. 2. Questions regarding catch and release ﬁshing were added. Whether or not the respondent caught and released ﬁsh and, if so, the percent of ﬁsh released. 3. The proportion of hunting done with a riﬂe or shotgun, as contrasted with muzzleloader or archery equipment, was asked. 4. In the contingent valuation section, where the value of wildlife-related recreation was determined, two quality-variable questions were added: the average length of certain ﬁsh caught and whether a deer, elk, or moose was killed. Plus, the economic evaluation bid questions were rephrased, from “What is the most your [species] hunting in [State name] could have cost you per trip last year before you would NOT have gone [species] hunting at all in 2001, not even one trip, because it would have been too expensive?,” for the hunters, for example, to “What is the cost that would have prevented you from taking even one such trip in 2006? In other words, if the trip cost was below this amount, you would have gone [species] hunting in [State name], but if the trip cost was above this amount, you would not have gone.” 5. Questions concerning hunting, ﬁshing, or wildlife watching in other countries was taken out of the Survey. 6. Questions about the reasons for not going hunting or ﬁshing, or not going as much as expected, were deleted. 7. Disability of participants questions were taken out. 8. Determination of the types of sites for wildlife watching was discontinued. 9. The birding questions regarding the use of birding life lists and the ability to identify birds based on their sight or sounds were deleted. 10. Public transportation costs were divided into two sections, “public transportation by airplane” and “other public transportation, including trains, buses, and car rentals, etc.” c. “Snacks and refreshments” not included with “food” expenditures in the 1960 to 1970 reports were under “trip expenditures, other” in 1955. d. Expenditures on equipment, magazines, club dues, licenses, and similar items were classiﬁed by the one sport activity for which expenditures were chieﬂy made. In 1955, these expenditures were evenly divided among all the activities in which the sportsperson took part. e. Compared with 1955, the 1960 to 1970 Surveys reported fewer expenditures within the “other” category because selected items were transferred to more appropriate categories. f. Expenditures on alcoholic beverages were reported separately in the 1970 Survey. 1955 to 1985 Signiﬁcant Methodological Differences 1955 to 1970 Surveys The 1955 to 1970 Surveys included only substantial participants. Substantial participants were deﬁned as people who participated at least three days and/or spent at least $5 (the 1955 to 1965 Surveys) or $7.50 (the 1970 Survey) during the survey year. Under most circumstances, the Surveys may be compared for totals, but the effects of differences should be considered when comparing the details of the Surveys. The 1960, 1965, and 1970 Surveys differed from the 1955 National Survey in classiﬁcation of expenditures as outlined below: 1. Alaska and Hawaii were not included in the 1955 Survey. 2. Expenditure categories were more detailed in 1970 than in earlier Surveys. 3. The 1960 to 1970 classiﬁcation of some expenditures differs from the 1955 Survey in the following respects: a. “Boats and boat motors” shown under “auxiliary equipment” were included in “equipment, other” in 1955. b. “Entrance and other privilege fees” shown separately were included in “trip expenditures, other” in 1955. g. In 1970, deﬁnition of a “substantial participant” was changed from one who spent at least $5 during the year or spent three days ﬁshing or hunting to one who spent $7.50 for the year or spent three days ﬁshing or hunting. 4. The number of waterfowl hunters in the 1970 Survey is not comparable with those reported in the 1960 and 1965 Surveys. In 1960 and 1965, respondent sportspersons were not included in the waterfowl hunter total if they reported that they went waterfowl hunting but did not take the trip chieﬂy to hunt waterfowl. In 1970, all respondents who reported that they had hunted waterfowl during 1970, regardless of trip purpose, were included in the total. The number of hunters who did not take trips chieﬂy to hunt waterfowl in 1970 was 1,054,000. 1975 Survey In contrast to previous surveys that covered substantial participants 12 years old and older, the 1975 Survey based all the estimates on responses U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation 141 from individuals 9 years of age and older and did not select respondents based upon substantial participation as deﬁned above. As a result, individuals who participated fewer than three days or spent less than $7.50 on hunting or ﬁshing were included in the estimates of participants, days of activity, and expenditures. Categories of hunting and ﬁshing expenditures differed from the previous four Surveys in that only major categories were reported. For example, hunting equipment expenditures were not further delineated by subcategory. Similarly, no detail was provided within the category of ﬁshing equipment expenditures. Expenses for “other” items, such as daily entrance fees, magazines, club dues, and dogs, were categorized as “other” in the 1975 report. In addition to the above differences, the 1975 Survey gathered data on species sought for the favorite hunting and ﬁshing activity. This data replaced the “chieﬂy” category where hunting or ﬁshing was the primary purpose of the trip or day of activity. Data omitted in the 1975 Survey that were included in previous Surveys include the respondents population density of residence, occupation, and level of education. 1980 to 1985 Surveys The 1980 and 1985 Surveys were similar. Each measured participants, rather than substantial participants. Questions were incorporated into the 1980 and 1985 Survey questionnaires to facilitate the construction of categories of data for comparisons with earlier Surveys. The use of “chieﬂy” to delimit primary purpose appeared in the 1970 and prior Surveys, and its use was continued in the 1980 and 1985 Surveys. The expenditure categories in 1980 and 1985 are similar to the 1970 categories with the addition of ﬁsh ﬁnders, motor homes, and camper trucks as separate categories. The deﬁnition of ﬁshing included the use of nets or seines and spearﬁshing. As in the 1970 and 1975 Surveys, the 1980 and 1985 Surveys used a twophase process to gather information from households and individuals. In the ﬁrst phase, household respondents were asked to identify each participant 6 years of age and older who resided in their household. In comparison, the 1975 and 1970 Surveys screened households for participants who were 9 years of age and older. In the second phase, the detailed interview phase, interviews were conducted in person for the 1985, 1980, and 1970 Surveys and were conducted by mail for the 1975 Survey. Participants were included in the detailed phase of the Survey if they were at least 12 years old in 1970, 9 years old in 1975, and 16 years old in 1980 and 1985. As a result, the population of hunters and anglers was more narrowly deﬁned in 1980 and 1985 to include individuals 16 years old and older. However, estimates of sportspersons 6 years old and older, 9 years old and older, and 12 years old and older are available for comparison with past surveys. Regional Trends Section I. Most Recent Trends This trends section covers the period from 1991 to 2006. The 1991, 1996, 2001, and 2006 Surveys used similar methodologies, therefore all published information for the three Surveys is directly comparable. Section II. Historical Trends This trends section covers the period from 1955 to 1985. The methodology of these Surveys differed (see above), but acceptable correction factors were estimated. 142 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Table C-4. Comparison of Major Findings of the National Surveys: 1955 to 1985 (U.S. population 12 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Sportspersons Total sportspersons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Freshwater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Saltwater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Small game . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Big game . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Waterfowl. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Expenditures1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Freshwater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Saltwater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Small game . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Big game . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Waterfowl. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Freshwater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Saltwater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Small game . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Big game . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Waterfowl. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1955 24,917 20,813 18,420 4,557 11,784 9,822 4,414 1,986 11,401,464 7,655,522 5,700,187 1,955,336 3,745,942 1,975,707 1,295,357 474,878 566,870 397,447 338,826 58,621 169,423 118,630 30,834 19,959 1960 30,435 25,323 21,677 6,292 14,637 12,105 6,277 1,955 13,948,974 9,743,971 7,476,454 2,267,512 4,204,997 2,629,360 1,251,800 323,840 658,308 465,769 385,167 80,602 192,539 138,192 39,190 15,158 1965 32,881 28,348 23,962 8,305 13,583 10,576 6,566 1,650 14,991,502 9,952,411 7,231,851 2,720,574 3,814,303 2,093,137 1,424,711 296,452 708,578 522,759 426,922 95,837 185,819 128,448 43,845 13,526 1970 36,277 33,158 29,363 9,460 14,336 11,671 7,774 2,894 19,618,548 13,699,311 10,315,966 3,383,345 5,919,236 2,612,390 2,631,532 675,315 909,876 706,187 592,494 113,694 203,689 124,041 54,536 25,113 1975 45,773 41,299 36,599 13,738 17,094 14,182 11,037 4,284 33,398,677 23,498,506 17,333,212 6,165,294 9,900,171 4,525,942 4,238,341 1,135,889 1,459,551 1,058,075 890,576 167,499 401,476 269,653 100,600 31,223 1980 46,966 41,873 35,782 11,972 16,758 12,496 11,047 3,177 34,517,421 23,387,469 16,663,239 5,581,976 10,812,058 3,335,852 5,638,395 766,033 1,300,983 952,420 788,392 164,040 348,543 225,793 117,406 26,179 1985 49,827 45,345 39,122 12,893 16,340 11,130 12,576 3,201 42,058,860 28,585,686 18,942,060 7,191,387 10,256,668 2,342,860 5,345,606 783,315 1,415,379 1,064,986 895,027 171,055 350,393 214,544 135,447 25,933 In 1985 dollars. Note: Methodological differences described in the text make the estimates in this table not comparable with the estimates in Tables C-2 and C-3. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation 143 Table C-5. Anglers and Hunters by Census Division: 1955 to 1985 (U.S. population 12 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Population Year Number UNITED STATES 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 ......................... ......................... ......................... ......................... ......................... ......................... ......................... 118,366 131,226 141,928 155,230 171,860 184,691 195,659 7,919 8,349 9,256 8,652 9,910 10,205 10,554 24,869 26,493 27,346 28,244 30,449 30,256 31,099 25,733 26,833 28,124 31,550 32,796 33,526 33,747 9,201 10,149 11,681 12,904 13,564 13,826 14,137 14,336 17,798 20,593 23,539 27,127 30,512 33,636 7,959 9,277 9,652 9,862 10,798 11,771 12,364 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 24,917 30,435 32,881 36,277 45,773 46,966 49,827 1,224 1,368 1,650 1,579 2,004 1,974 2,058 3,539 3,432 3,602 4,539 5,919 5,181 5,565 5,489 6,316 6,214 7,284 9,049 8,725 8,973 2,913 3,383 3,678 4,000 4,524 4,770 5,140 3,223 4,423 5,626 5,461 7,110 7,769 8,721 1,963 2,778 2,587 2,660 3,007 3,614 3,671 21.1 23.2 23.2 23.4 26.6 25.4 25.5 15.4 16.4 17.8 18.3 20.2 19.3 19.5 14.2 13.0 13.2 16.1 19.4 17.1 17.9 21.3 32.5 22.1 23.1 27.6 26.0 26.6 31.7 33.3 31.5 31.0 33.3 34.5 36.4 22.5 24.9 27.3 23.2 26.2 25.5 25.9 24.7 29.9 26.8 27.0 27.8 30.7 29.7 20,813 25,323 28,348 33,158 41,299 41,873 45,345 1,002 1,205 1,488 1,430 1,861 1,788 1,914 2,811 2,569 2,760 4,504 5,097 4,332 4,820 4,583 5,317 5,336 6,699 8,181 7,891 8,270 2,346 2,855 3,226 3,579 4,089 4,220 4,681 2,805 3,695 5,054 5,129 6,479 7,086 8,056 1,665 2,207 2,201 2,464 2,689 3,173 3,308 17.6 19.3 20.0 21.4 24.0 22.7 23.2 12.7 14.4 16.0 16.5 18.8 17.5 18.1 11.3 9.7 10.1 14.4 16.7 14.3 15.5 17.8 19.8 19.0 21.2 24.9 23.5 24.5 25.5 28.1 27.6 27.7 30.1 30.5 33.1 19.6 20.8 24.5 21.8 23.9 23.2 24.0 20.9 23.8 22.8 25.0 24.9 27.0 26.8 11,784 14,637 13,585 14,336 17,094 16,758 16,340 589 517 583 582 566 572 552 1,608 1,723 1,631 1,731 2,096 2,001 1,972 2,538 2,985 2,563 2,812 3,392 2,955 2,814 1,534 1,709 1,620 1,783 1,863 1,965 1,971 1,449 2,045 1,900 1,904 2,494 2,444 2,467 989 1,510 1,294 1,162 1,355 1,567 1,441 10.0 11.2 9.6 9.2 9.9 9.1 8.4 7.4 6.2 6.3 6.7 5.7 5.6 5.2 6.5 6.5 6.0 6.1 6.9 6.6 6.3 9.9 11.1 9.1 8.9 10.3 8.8 8.3 16.7 16.8 13.9 13.8 13.7 14.2 13.9 10.1 11.5 9.2 8.1 9.2 8.0 7.3 12.4 16.3 13.4 11.8 12.5 13.3 11.7 Percent Sportspersons, fished or hunted Number Percent Anglers Number Percent Hunters Number Percent New England 1955 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1960 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1965 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1970 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1975 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Middle Atlantic 1955 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1960 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1965 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1970 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1975 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . East North Central 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 ......................... ......................... ......................... ......................... ......................... ......................... ......................... West North Central 1955 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1960 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1965 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1970 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1975 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South Atlantic 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 ......................... ......................... ......................... ......................... ......................... ......................... ......................... East South Central 1955 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1960 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1965 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1970 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1975 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Table C-5. Anglers and Hunters by Census Division: 1955 to 1985—Continued (U.S. population 12 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Population Year Number West South Central 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 ......................... ......................... ......................... ......................... ......................... ......................... ......................... 10,250 11,837 12,724 14,624 16,628 19,136 21,184 4,529 5,222 5,029 5,656 7,576 9,160 10,215 13,570 15,268 17,523 20,199 23,012 26,299 38,725 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 2,560 3,666 3,713 4,380 5,781 5,862 6,418 1,369 1,646 1,565 2,044 2,570 2,903 3,128 2,637 3,422 4,246 4,332 5,811 6,168 6,154 25.0 31.0 29.2 30.0 34.8 30.6 30.3 30.2 31.5 31.1 36.1 33.9 31.7 30.6 19.4 22.4 24.2 21.4 25.2 23.5 21.4 2,237 3,133 3,278 4,006 5,267 5,136 5,704 1,112 1,372 1,261 1,769 2,252 2,500 2,765 2,252 2,971 3,744 4,030 5,386 5,747 5,829 21.8 26.5 25.8 27.4 31.7 26.8 26.9 24.6 26.3 25.1 31.3 29.7 27.3 27.1 16.6 19.5 21.4 20.0 23.4 21.9 20.3 1,165 1,750 1,571 1,918 2,563 2,456 2,572 796 1,120 988 980 1,159 1,268 1,241 1,116 1,279 1,433 1,466 1,607 1,531 1,310 11.4 14.8 12.3 13.1 15.4 12.8 12.1 17.6 21.4 19.6 17.3 15.3 13.8 12.1 8.2 8.4 8.2 7.3 7.0 5.0 4.6 Percent Sportspersons, fished or hunted Number Percent Anglers Number Percent Hunters Number Percent Mountain 1955 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1960 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1965 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1970 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1975 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pacific 1955 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1960 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1965 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1970 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1975 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Note: Methodological differences described in the text make the estimates in this table not comparable with the estimates in Tables C-2 and C-3. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation 145 Appendix D Appendix D. Sample Design and Statistical Accuracy This appendix is presented in two parts. The ﬁrst part is the U.S. Census Bureau Source and Accuracy Statement. This statement describes the sampling design for the 2006 Survey and highlights the steps taken to produce estimates from the completed questionnaires. The statement explains the use of standard errors and conﬁdence intervals. It also provides comprehensive information about errors characteristic of surveys and formulas and parameters to calculate an approximate standard error or conﬁdence interval for each number published in this report. The second part, Tables D-1 to D-5, reports approximate standard errors and 95-percent conﬁdence intervals for selected measures of participation and expenditures for wildlife-related recreation. Source and Accuracy Statement for the 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation collected on the number of participants, where and how often they participated, the type of wildlife encountered, and the amounts of money spent on wildlife-related recreation. The survey was conducted in two stages: an initial screening of households to identify likely sportspersons and wildlife-watching participants and a series of follow-up interviews of selected persons to collect detailed data about their wildlife-related recreation during 2006. FHWAR Screening Sample The total screening sample consisted of 85,000 households. Interviewing for the screen was conducted during April, May, and June 2006. Of all housing units in sample, about 74,000 were determined to be eligible for interview. Interviewers obtained interviews at 66,688 of these units for a national response rate of 90 percent. Local ﬁeld representatives conducted interviews by telephone when possible, otherwise through a personal visit. The ﬁeld representatives asked screening questions for all household members 6 years old and older. Noninterviews occur when the occupants are not found at home after repeated calls or are unavailable for some other reason. Data for the FHWAR sportspersons sample and wildlife-watchers sample were collected in three waves. The ﬁrst wave started in April 2006, the second in September 2006, and the third in January 2007. In the sportspersons sample, all persons who hunted or ﬁshed in 2006 by the time of the screening interview were interviewed in the ﬁrst wave. The remaining sportspersons sample were interviewed in the second wave. A subsampling operation was conducted before the third wave of sampling to reduce cost of the Survey, and everyone remaining in sample was interviewed in the third wave. The reference period was the preceding 4 months for waves 1 and 2. In wave 3, the reference period was either 4, 8, or 12 months depending on when the sample person was ﬁrst interviewed. Detailed Samples Two independent detailed samples were chosen from the FHWAR screening sample. One consisted of sportspersons (people who hunt or ﬁsh) and the other of wildlife watchers (people who observe, photograph, or feed wildlife). SAMPLE DESIGN The 2006 FHWAR sample was selected from the Census Bureau’s master address ﬁle (MAF) and unused sample of the Current Population Survey (CPS). The CPS sample was used to improve coverage in rural areas of some states. The FHWAR is a multistage probability sample, with coverage in all 50 states and the District of Columbia. In the ﬁrst stage of the sampling process, primary sampling units (PSUs) are selected for sample. The PSUs are deﬁned to correspond to the Ofﬁce of Management and Budget deﬁnitions of Core Based Statistical Area deﬁnitions and to improve efﬁciency in ﬁeld operations. The United States is divided into 2,025 PSUs. These PSUs are grouped into 824 strata. Within each stratum, a single PSU is chosen for the sample, with its probability of selection proportional to its population as of the most recent decennial census. This PSU represents the entire stratum from which it was selected. In the case of strata consisting of only one PSU, the PSU is chosen with certainty. Within the selected PSUs, the FHWAR sample was selected from the MAF where sufﬁcient coverage of addresses existed. In some rural areas, the sample was selected from unused cases from the CPS to improve coverage. SOURCE OF DATA The estimates in this report are based on data collected in the 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation (FHWAR) conducted by the Census Bureau and sponsored by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The eligible universe for the FHWAR is the civilian noninstitutionalized and nonbarrack military population living in the United States. The institutionalized population, which is excluded from the population universe, is composed primarily of the population in correctional institutions and nursing homes (91 percent of the 4.1 million institutionalized people in Census 2000). The 2006 Survey was designed to provide state-level estimates of the number of participants in recreational hunting and ﬁshing and in wildlifewatching activities (e.g., wildlife observation). Information was 148 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service A. Sportspersons The Census Bureau selected the detailed samples based on information reported during the screening phase. Based on information collected from the household respondent, every person 16 years old and older in the FHWAR screening sample was assigned to a sportspersons stratum. The criteria for the strata included time devoted to hunting or ﬁshing in previous years, participation in hunting or ﬁshing in 2006 by the time of the screening interview, and intentions to participate in hunting and ﬁshing activities during the remainder of 2006. The four sportspersons categories were: 1. Active—a person who had already participated in hunting or ﬁshing in 2006 at the time of the screener interview. 2. Likely—a person who had not participated in 2006 at the time of the screener, but had participated in 2005 OR was likely to participate in 2006. 3. Inactive—a person who had not participated in 2005 or 2006 AND was somewhat unlikely to participate in 2006. 4. Nonparticipant—a person who had not participated in 2005 or 2006 AND was very unlikely to participate in 2006. Persons were selected for the detailed phase based on these groupings. Active sportspersons were given the detailed interview twice—at the time of the screening interview (in April, May, or June 2006) and again in January or February 2007. Likely sportspersons and a subsample of the inactive sportspersons were also interviewed twice—ﬁrst in September or October 2006, then in January or February 2007. If Census Bureau ﬁeld representatives were not able to obtain the ﬁrst interview, they attempted to interview the person in the ﬁnal interviewing period with the reference period being the entire year. Persons in the nonparticipant group were not eligible for a detailed interview. About 28,600 persons were designated for interviews. The detailed sportspersons sample sizes varied by state to get reliable state-level estimates. During each interview period, about 23 percent of the designated persons were not found at home or were unavailable for some other reason. Overall, about 22,000 detailed sportspersons interviews were completed at a response rate of 77 percent. B. Wildlife Watchers The wildlife-watching detailed sample was also selected based on information reported during the screening phase. Based on information collected from the household respondent, every person 16 years old and older was assigned to a stratum. The criteria for the strata included time devoted to wildlifewatching activities in previous years, participation in wildlifewatching activities in 2006 by the time of the screening interview, and intentions to participate in wildlife watching activities during the remainder of 2006. The ﬁve wildlife watching categories were: 1. Active—a person who had already participated in 2006 at the time of the screening interview. 2. Avid—a person who had not yet participated in 2006, but in 2005 had taken trips to participate in wildlife-watching activities for 21 or more days or had spent $300 or more. 3. Average—a person who had not yet participated in 2006, but in 2005 had taken trips to wildlife watch for less than 21 days and had spent less than $300 OR had not participated in wildlife watching activities but was very likely to in the remainder of 2006. 4. Infrequent—a person who had not participated in 2005 or 2006, but was somewhat likely or somewhat unlikely to participate in the remainder of 2006. 5. Nonparticipant—a person who had not participated in 2005 or 2006 AND was very unlikely to participate during the remainder of 2006. Persons were selected for the detailed sample based on these groupings, but persons in the nonparticipant group were not eligible for a detailed interview. A subsample of each of the other groups was selected to receive a detailed interview with the chance of selection diminishing as the likelihood of participation diminished. Wildlife-watching participants were given the detailed interview twice. Some received their ﬁrst detailed interview at the same time as the screening interview (in April, May, or June 2006). The rest received their ﬁrst detailed interview in September or October 2006. All wildlife-watching participants received their second interview in January or February 2007. If Census Bureau ﬁeld representatives were not able to obtain the ﬁrst interview, they attempted to interview the person in the ﬁnal interviewing period with the reference period being the entire year. About 14,400 persons were designated for interviews. The detailed wildlife-watching sample sizes varied by state to get reliable state-level estimates. During each interview period, about 20 percent of the designated persons were not found at home or were unavailable for some other reason. Overall, about 11,300 detailed wildlifewatcher interviews were completed at a response rate of 78 percent. ESTIMATION PROCEDURE Several stages of adjustments were used to derive the ﬁnal 2006 FHWAR person weights. A brief description of the major components of the weights is given below. All statistics for the population 6 to 15 years of age were derived from the screening interview. Statistics for the population 16 years old and older come from both the screening and detailed interviews. Estimates that come from the screening sample are presented in Appendix B. A. Screening Sample Every interviewed person in the screening sample received a screening weight that was the product of the following factors: U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation 149 1. Base Weight. The base weight is the inverse of the household’s probability of selection. 2. Household Noninterview Adjustment. The noninterview adjustment inﬂates the weight assigned to interviewed households to account for households eligible for interview but for which no interview was obtained. 3. First-Stage Adjustment. The 824 areas designated for our samples were selected from 2,025 such areas of the United States. Some sample areas represent only themselves and are referred to as selfrepresenting. The remaining areas represent other areas similar in selected characteristics and are thus designated non-self-representing. The ﬁrst-stage factor reduces the component of variation arising from sampling the non-selfrepresenting areas. 4. Second-Stage Adjustment. This adjustment brings the estimates of the total population into agreement with censusbased estimates of the civilian noninstitutionalized and nonbarrack military populations for each state. B. Sportspersons Sample Every interviewed person in the sportspersons detailed sample received a weight that was the product of the following factors: 1. Screening Weight. This is the person’s ﬁnal weight from the screening sample. 2. Sportspersons Stratum Adjustment. This factor inﬂates the weights of persons selected for the detailed sample to account for the subsampling done within each sportsperson stratum. 3. Sportspersons Noninterview Adjustment. This factor adjusts the weights of the interviewed sportspersons to account for sportspersons selected for the detailed sample for whom no interview was obtained. A person was considered a noninterview if he or she was not interviewed in the third wave of interviewing. 4. Sportspersons Ratio Adjustment Factor. This is a ratio adjustment of the detailed sample to the screening sample within the sportspersons sampling stratum. This adjustment brings the population estimates of persons aged 16 years old and older from the detailed sample into agreement with the same estimates from the screening sample, which was a much larger sample. C. Wildlife-Watchers Sample Every interviewed person in the wildlife-watchers detailed sample received a weight that was the product of the following factors: 1. Screening Weight. This is the person’s ﬁnal weight from the screening sample. 2. Wildlife-Watchers Stratum Adjustment. This factor inﬂates the weights of persons selected for the detailed sample to account for the subsampling done within each wildlifewatcher stratum. 3. Wildlife-Watchers Noninterview Adjustment. This factor adjusts the weights of the interviewed wildlife-watching participants to account for wildlife watchers selected for the detailed sample for which no interview was obtained. A person was considered a noninterview if he or she was not interviewed in the third wave of interviewing. 4. Wildlife-Watchers Ratio Adjustment Factor. This is a ratio adjustment of the detailed sample to the screening sample within wildlife-watchers sampling strata. This adjustment brings the population estimates of persons aged 16 years old and older from the detailed sample into agreement with the same estimates from the screening sample, which was a much larger sample. on both types of error. The nature of the sampling error is known given the survey design; the full extent of the nonsampling error is unknown. NONSAMPLING ERROR For a given estimator, the difference between the estimate that would result if the sample were to include the entire population and the true population value being estimated is known as nonsampling error. There are several sources of nonsampling error that may occur during the development or execution of the survey. It can occur because of circumstances created by the interviewer, the respondent, the survey instrument, or the way the data are collected and processed. For example, errors could occur because: • The interviewer records the wrong answer, the respondent provides incorrect information, the respondent estimates the requested information, or an unclear survey question is misunderstood by the respondent (measurement error). Some individuals or businesses that should have been included in the survey frame were missed (coverage error). Responses are not collected from all those in the sample or the respondent is unwilling to provide information (nonresponse error). Values are estimated imprecisely for missing data (imputation error). Forms may be lost, data may be incorrectly keyed, coded, or recoded, etc. (processing error). • • • • The Census Bureau employs quality control procedures throughout the production process, including the overall design of surveys, the wording of questions, the review of the work of interviewers and coders, and the statistical review of reports to minimize these errors. Two types of nonsampling error that can be examined to a limited extent are nonresponse and undercoverage. Nonresponse. The effect of nonresponse cannot be measured directly, but one indication of its potential effect is the nonresponse rate. For the FHWAR screener interview, the household-level nonresponse rate was 10 percent. The person-level nonresponse rate for the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service ACCURACY OF THE ESTIMATES A sample survey estimate has two types of error: sampling and nonsampling. The accuracy of an estimate depends 150 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation detailed sportsperson interview was an 23 percent and for the wildlife watchers it was 22 percent. Since the screener nonresponse rate is a household-level rate and the detailed interview nonresponse rate is a person-level rate, we cannot combine these rates to derive an overall nonresponse rate. Since it is unlikely the nonresponding households to the FHWAR have the same number of persons as the households successfully interviewed, combining these rates would result in an overestimate of the “true” person-level overall nonresponse rate for the detailed interviews. Coverage. Overall screener undercoverage is estimated to be about 13 percent. Ratio estimation to independent population controls, as described previously, partially corrects for the bias due to survey undercoverage. However, biases exist in the estimates to the extent that missed persons in missed households or missed persons in interviewed households have different characteristics from those of interviewed persons in the same age group. Comparability of Data. Data obtained from the 2006 FHWAR and other sources are not entirely comparable. This results from differences in interviewer training and experience and in differing survey processes. This is an example of nonsampling variability not reﬂected in the standard errors. Therefore, caution should be used when comparing results from different sources. (See Appendix C.) A Nonsampling Error Warning. Since the full extent of the nonsampling error is unknown, one should be particularly careful when interpreting results based on small differences between estimates. The Census Bureau recommends that data users incorporate information about nonsampling errors into their analyses, as nonsampling error could impact the conclusions drawn from the results. Caution should also be used when interpreting results based on a relatively small number of cases. Summary measures (such as medians and percentage distributions) probably do not reveal useful information when computed on a subpopulation smaller than 50,000 for screener data, 65,000 for the detailed sportsperson data, and 230,000 for the wildlife-watchers data. population using the same questionnaires, instructions, and enumerators. For a given estimator, the difference between an estimate based on a sample and the estimate that would result if the sample were to include the entire population is known as sampling error. Standard errors, as calculated by methods described in “Standard Errors and Their Use,” are primarily measures of the magnitude of sampling error. However, they may include some nonsampling error. Standard Errors and Their Use. The sample estimate and its standard error enable one to construct a conﬁdence interval. A conﬁdence interval is a range that has a known probability of including the average result of all possible samples. For example, if all possible samples were surveyed under essentially the same general conditions and using the same sample design, and if an estimate and its standard error were calculated from each sample, then approximately 95 percent of the intervals from 1.96 standard errors below the estimate to 1.96 standard errors above the estimate would include the average result of all possible samples. A particular conﬁdence interval may or may not contain the average estimate derived from all possible samples. However, one can say with speciﬁed conﬁdence that the interval includes the average estimate calculated from all possible samples. Standard errors may also be used to perform hypothesis testing, a procedure for distinguishing between population parameters using sample estimates. The most common type of hypothesis is that the population parameters are different. An example would be comparing the proportion of anglers to the proportion of hunters. Tests may be performed at various levels of signiﬁcance. A signiﬁcance level is the probability of concluding that the characteristics are different when, in fact, they are the same. For example, to conclude that two characteristics are different at the 0.05 level of signiﬁcance, the absolute value of the estimated difference between characteristics must be greater than or equal to 1.96 times the standard error of the difference. This report uses 95-percent conﬁdence intervals and 0.05 levels of signiﬁcance to determine statistical validity. Consult standard statistical textbooks for alternative criteria. Estimating Standard Errors. The Census Bureau uses replication methods to estimate the standard errors of FHWAR estimates. These methods primarily measure the magnitude of sampling error. However, they do measure some effects of nonsampling error as well. They do not measure systematic biases in the data associated with nonsampling error. Bias is the average over all possible samples of the differences between the sample estimates and the true value. Generalized Variance Parameters. While it is possible to compute and present an estimate of the standard error based on the survey data for each estimate in a report, there are a number of reasons why this is not done. A presentation of the individual standard errors would be of limited use, since one could not possibly predict all of the combinations of results that may be of interest to data users. Additionally, data users have access to FHWAR microdata ﬁles, and it is impossible to compute in advance the standard error for every estimate one might obtain from those data sets. Moreover, variance estimates are based on sample data and have variances of their own. Therefore, some methods of stabilizing these estimates of variance, for example, by generalizing or averaging over time, may be used to improve their reliability. Experience has shown that certain groups of estimates have similar relationships between their variances and expected values. Modeling or generalizing may provide more stable variance estimates by taking advantage of these similarities. The generalized variance function is a simple model that expresses the variance as a function of the expected value of the survey estimate. The parameters of the generalized variance function are estimated using direct replicate variances. These generalized variance parameters provide a relatively easy method to obtain approximate standard errors for numerous characteristics. Tables D-6 to D-11 provide the generalized variance parameters for FHWAR data. Methods for using the parameters to calculate standard errors of various estimates are given in the next sections. SAMPLING ERROR Since the FHWAR estimates come from a sample, they may differ from ﬁgures from an enumeration of the entire U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation 151 Standard Errors of Estimated Numbers. The approximate standard error, Sx, of an estimated number shown in this report can be obtained using the following formulas. Formula (1) is used to calculate the standard errors of levels of sportspersons, anglers, and wildlife watchers. sx ax 2 bx (1) Here, x is the size of the estimate and a and b are the parameters in the tables associated with the particular characteristic. Formula (2) is used for standard errors of aggregates, i.e., trips, days, and expenditures. sx ax 2 bx cx 2 y (2) Here, x is again the size of the estimate; y is the base of the estimate; and a, b, and c are the parameters in the tables associated with the particular characteristic. Illustration of the Computation of the Standard Error of an Estimated Number Table 1 in this report shows that 33,916,000 persons 16 years old and older either ﬁshed or hunted in the United States in 2006. Using formula (1) with the parameters a = –0.000027 and b = 6,125 from table D-7, the approximate standard error of the estimated number of 33,916,000 sportspersons 16 years old and older is sx 0.000027 33,916,000 2 6,125 33,916,000 420,330 The 95-percent conﬁdence interval for the estimated number of sportspersons 16 years old and older is from 33,092,000 to 34,740,000, i.e., 33,916,000 ± 1.96 x 420,330. Therefore, a conclusion that the average estimate derived from all possible samples lies within a range computed in this way would be correct for roughly 95 percent of all possible samples. Table 1 shows that 12,510,000 hunters 16 years old and older engaged in 219,925,000 days of participation in 2006. Using formula (2) with the parameters a = –0.000235, b = –85,241, and c = 22,698 from table D-9, the approximate standard error on 219,925,000 estimated days on an estimated base of 12,510,000 hunters is sx 0.000235 219,925,000 2 85,241 219,925,000 22,698 219,925,000 2 12,510,000 7,592,000 The 95-percent conﬁdence interval on the estimate of 219,925,000 days is from 205,044,000 to 234,806,000, i.e., 219,925,000 ± 1.96 x 7,592,000. Again, a conclusion that the average estimate derived from all possible samples lies within a range computed in this way would be correct for roughly 95 percent of all possible samples. Standard Errors of Estimated Percentages. The reliability of an estimated percentage, computed using sample data for both numerator and denominator, depends on the size of the percentage and its base. Estimated percentages are relatively more reliable than the corresponding estimates of the numerators of the percentages, particularly if the percentages are 50 percent or more. When the numerator and the denominator of the percentage are in different categories, use the parameter in the tables indicated by the numerator. The approximate standard error, sx,p, can be obtained by use of the formula ,p sx , p bp(100 x p) (3) Here, x is the total number of sportspersons, hunters, etc., which is the base of the percentage; p is the percentage (0 ≤ p ≤ 100); and b is the parameter in the tables associated with the characteristic in the numerator of the percentage. Illustration of the Computation of the Standard Error of an Estimated Percentage Table 1 shows that of the 12,510,000 hunters 16 years old and older, 18.3 percent hunted migratory birds. From table D-7, the appropriate b parameter is 5,756. Using formula (3), the approximate standard error on the estimate of 18.3 percent is 152 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service sx , p 5,756 18.3 100 18.3 12,510,000 0.83 Consequently, the 95-percent conﬁdence interval for the estimate percentage of migratory bird hunters 16 years old and older is from 16.7 percent to 19.9 percent, i.e., 18.3 ± 1.96 x 0.83. Standard Error of a Difference. The standard error of the difference between two sample estimates is approximately equal to sx y 2 sx s2 y (4) where Sx and Sy are the standard errors of the estimates x and y. The estimates can be numbers, percentages, ratios, etc. This will represent the actual standard error quite accurately for the difference between estimates of the same characteristic in two different areas, or for the difference between separate and uncorrelated characteristics in the same area. However, if there is a high positive (negative) correlation between the two characteristics, the formula will overestimate (underestimate) the true standard error. Illustration of the Computation of the Standard Error of a Difference In Table 8, of the 11,655,000 females in the age range of 18–24, 726,000 or 6.2 percent are sportspersons. Similarly, of the 11,638,000 males in the same age range, 1,929,000 or 16.6 percent are sportspersons. The apparent difference between the percent of female and male participants is 10.4 percent. Using formula (3) and the appropriate b parameter from Table D-7, the approximate standard errors of 6.2 percent and 16.6 percent are 0.55 and 0.85, respectively. Using formula (4), the approximate standard error of the estimated difference of 10.4 percent is sx y 0.552 0.852 102 . The 95-percent conﬁdence interval on the difference between 18-to-24-year-old female and male sportspersons is from 8.4 to 12.4, i.e., 10.4 ± 1.96 x 1.02. Since the interval does not contain zero, we can conclude with 95 percent conﬁdence that the percentage of 18-to-24-year-old female sportspersons is less than the percentage of 18-to-24-year-old male sportspersons. Standard Errors of Estimated Averages. Certain mean values for sportspersons, anglers, etc., shown in the report were calculated as the ratio of two numbers. For example, average days per angler is calculated as: x y total days total anglers Standard errors for these averages may be approximated by the use of formula (5) below. sx y x y sx x 2 sy y 2 2r sx s y xy (5) In formula (5), r represents the correlation coefﬁcient between the numerator and the denominator of the estimate. In the above formula, use 0.7 as an estimate of r. Illustration of the Computation of the Standard Error of an Estimated Average Table 2 shows that the average days per angler 16 years old and older for all ﬁshing was 17.3 days. Using formulas (1) and (2) above, we compute the standard error on total days, 516,781,000, and total anglers, 29,952,000, to be 15,828,079 and 399,342, respectively. The approximate standard error on the estimated average of 17.3 days is sx y 516,781,000 29,952,000 158,280,079 516,781,000 2 399,342 29,952,000 2 2 0.7 15,828,079 399,342 516,781,000 29,952,000 0.40 Therefore, the 95-percent conﬁdence interval on the estimated average of 17.3 days is from 16.5 to 18.0, i.e., 17.3 ± 1.96 x 0.40. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation 153 Table D-1. Approximate Standard Errors and 95-Percent Confidence Intervals for Selected Fishing Estimates: 2006 Anglers, days, and expenditures ANGLERS (thousands) Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Freshwater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Freshwater, except Great Lakes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Saltwater. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DAYS OF FISHING (thousands) Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Freshwater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Freshwater, except Great Lakes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Saltwater. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Average Days Per Angler Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Freshwater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Freshwater, except Great Lakes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Saltwater. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FISHING EXPENDITURES (thousands of dollars) Total1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Freshwater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Freshwater, except Great Lakes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Saltwater. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Average Expenditures Per Angler (dollars) Total1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Freshwater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Freshwater, except Great Lakes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Saltwater. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,403 1,036 982 1,062 1,151 32 26 24 101 50 1,340 986 934 864 1,053 1,466 1,086 1,030 1,260 1,248 42,011,124 26,348,217 24,581,671 1,507,656 8,879,948 1,257,135 858,427 808,752 193,877 514,207 39,547,139 24,665,699 22,996,516 1,127,657 7,872,103 44,475,109 28,030,735 26,166,826 1,887,655 9,887,793 17.3 17.0 16.8 12.7 11.1 0.4 0.4 0.4 1.1 0.4 16.5 16.2 16.0 10.4 10.2 18.0 17.9 17.6 14.9 12.0 516,781 433,337 419,942 18,016 85,663 15,828 14,153 13,797 2,222 4,641 485,758 405,597 392,900 13,661 76,566 547,804 461,077 446,984 22,371 94,760 29,952 25,431 25,035 1,420 7,717 399 372 370 93 214 29,169 24,702 24,311 1,238 7,298 30,735 26,160 25,759 1,602 8,136 Estimate Standard error Lower 95 percent Upper 95 percent 1 The total expenditures line includes ‘‘other’’ expenditures, such as membership dues, contributions, and licenses, while the type of fishing expenditure lines include triprelated and equipment expenditures only. 154 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Table D-2. Approximate Standard Errors and 95-Percent Confidence Intervals for Selected Hunting Estimates: 2006 Hunters, days, and expenditures HUNTERS (thousands) Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Big game . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Small game. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Migratory bird . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other animals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DAYS OF HUNTING (thousands) Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Big game . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Small game. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Migratory bird . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other animals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Average Days Per Hunter Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Big game . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Small game. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Migratory bird . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other animals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HUNTING EXPENDITURES (thousands of dollars) Total1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Big game . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Small game. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Migratory bird . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other animals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Average Expenditures Per Hunter (dollars) Total1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Big game . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Small game. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Migratory bird . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other animals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,830 1,100 493 588 184 67 43 26 41 19 1,699 1,017 442 507 146 1,961 1,184 544 669 222 22,893,156 11,754,122 2,365,778 1,349,148 207,856 1,097,899 601,296 166,802 128,833 29,591 20,741,273 10,575,582 2,038,845 1,096,636 149,857 25,045,039 12,932,662 2,692,711 1,601,660 265,855 17.6 15.4 10.9 8.6 13.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 1.2 16.7 14.6 10.1 7.7 11.2 18.4 16.2 11.7 9.5 15.8 219,925 164,061 52,395 19,770 15,205 7,592 6,073 2,807 1,446 1,817 205,045 152,158 46,894 16,935 11,644 234,805 175,964 57,896 22,605 18,766 12,510 10,682 4,797 2,293 1,128 261 242 164 114 80 11,999 10,207 4,475 2,069 970 13,021 11,157 5,119 2,517 1,286 Estimate Standard error Lower 95 percent Upper 95 percent 1 The total expenditures line includes ‘‘other’’ expenditures, such as membership dues, contributions, and licenses, while the type of hunting expenditure lines include triprelated and equipment expenditures only. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation 155 Table D-3. Approximate Standard Errors and 95-Percent Confidence Intervals for Selected Fishing and Hunting Expenditure Estimates: 2006 (Thousands of dollars) Expenditures FISHING AND HUNTING EXPENDITURES Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trip-related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food and lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other trip costs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Equipment Fishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Auxiliary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Special . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other Books, magazine subscriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Membership dues and contributions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Land leasing and ownership . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Licenses, stamps, tags, and permits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fishing Expenditures Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trip-related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food and lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other trip costs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Equipment Fishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Auxiliary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Special . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other Books, magazine subscriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Membership dues and contributions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Land leasing and ownership . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Licenses, stamps, tags, and permits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunting Expenditures Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trip-related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food and lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other trip costs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Equipment Hunting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Auxiliary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Special . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other Books, magazine subscriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Membership dues and contributions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Land leasing and ownership . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Licenses, stamps, tags, and permits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,893,156 6,678,614 2,791,245 2,696,924 1,190,445 5,366,357 1,330,216 4,034,928 83,524 269,660 4,387,354 742,503 1,097,899 329,123 140,998 133,733 88,756 277,519 90,892 749,373 6,323 26,130 468,754 34,036 20,741,273 6,033,533 2,514,888 2,434,807 1,016,483 4,822,419 1,152,068 2,566,157 71,132 218,444 3,468,597 675,793 25,045,039 7,323,695 3,067,602 2,959,041 1,364,407 5,910,295 1,508,364 5,503,699 95,916 320,876 5,306,111 809,213 42,011,124 17,878,560 6,302,524 4,961,830 6,614,205 5,332,401 778,740 12,646,229 115,019 157,728 4,598,988 503,460 1,257,135 552,205 206,999 163,180 218,667 188,871 58,892 1,404,577 9,174 19,181 783,665 16,857 39,547,139 16,796,238 5,896,805 4,641,996 6,185,617 4,962,214 663,312 9,893,258 97,038 120,133 3,063,004 470,420 44,475,109 18,960,882 6,708,243 5,281,664 7,042,793 5,702,588 894,168 15,399,200 133,000 195,323 6,134,972 536,500 76,650,027 24,557,174 9,093,769 7,658,755 7,804,650 5,365,933 5,716,758 2,969,992 26,910,442 304,181 593,242 8,986,342 1,245,963 2,166,932 714,964 279,376 233,992 252,636 188,904 273,637 143,901 2,260,113 16,416 41,212 902,640 39,478 72,402,840 23,155,846 8,546,191 7,200,130 7,309,484 4,995,681 5,180,429 2,687,945 22,480,620 272,006 512,467 7,217,168 1,168,586 80,897,214 25,958,502 9,641,347 8,117,380 8,299,816 5,736,185 6,253,087 3,252,039 31,340,264 336,356 674,017 10,755,516 1,323,340 Estimate Standard error Lower 95 percent Upper 95 percent 156 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Table D-4. Approximate Standard Errors and 95-Percent Confidence Intervals for Selected Wildlife-Watching Estimates: 2006 Participants and expenditures WILDLIFE-WATCHING PARTICIPANTS (thousands) Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Away from home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Observe wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Photograph wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Feed wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Around the home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Observe wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Photograph wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Feed wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Visit public parks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maintain natural areas or plantings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DAYS OF PARTICIPATION IN AWAY-FROM-HOME ACTIVITIES (thousands) Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Observe wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Photograph wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Feed wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Average Days of Participation in Away-From-Home Activities Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Observe wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Photograph wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Feed wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EXPENDITURES (thousands of dollars) Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trip-related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food and lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other trip costs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Equipment and other expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wildlife-watching equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Auxiliary equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Special equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Magazines, books. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Land leasing and ownership . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Membership dues and contributions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Plantings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45,654,960 12,875,152 7,516,281 4,456,013 902,858 32,779,808 9,869,727 1,033,060 12,271,266 359,681 6,551,517 1,052,496 1,642,061 1,682,661 766,956 482,580 267,023 79,026 1,083,752 374,202 117,461 2,301,238 22,995 1,819,034 91,539 162,142 42,356,945 11,371,918 6,570,424 3,932,647 747,967 30,655,654 9,136,291 802,836 7,760,839 314,611 2,986,211 873,080 1,324,262 48,952,975 14,378,386 8,462,138 4,979,379 1,057,749 34,903,962 10,603,163 1,263,284 16,781,693 404,751 10,116,823 1,231,912 1,959,860 15.3 13.5 8.9 10.9 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.2 13.7 12.0 7.2 8.6 16.9 15.0 10.6 13.3 352,070 291,027 103,872 77,329 23,204 20,962 12,238 10,439 306,589 249,942 79,886 56,868 397,551 332,112 127,858 97,790 71,132 22,977 21,546 11,708 7,084 67,756 44,467 18,763 55,512 13,271 14,508 808 525 510 385 302 797 691 479 749 408 425 69,548 21,949 20,547 10,954 6,491 66,193 43,113 17,824 54,045 12,471 13,674 72,716 24,005 22,545 12,462 7,677 69,319 45,821 19,702 56,979 14,071 15,342 Estimate Standard error Lower 95 percent Upper 95 percent U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation 157 Table D-5. Approximate Standard Errors and 95-Percent Confidence Intervals for Participants in Wildlife-Related Recreation by Participant’s State of Residence: 2006 (Numbers in thousands) Participant’s state of residence United States, total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Hampshire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Jersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . North Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total participants 87,465 1,417 288 1,233 1,082 6,804 1,735 1,223 256 4,626 2,415 227 564 2,886 2,279 1,306 979 1,667 1,106 717 1,549 1,931 3,651 2,480 896 2,496 510 552 530 527 1,826 601 4,103 2,816 232 4,022 1,372 1,531 4,165 355 1,283 327 2,287 5,481 764 311 2,500 2,315 735 2,217 229 Standard error 864 83 21 68 71 292 98 55 15 216 151 18 45 154 112 75 52 96 78 40 81 80 213 143 69 125 29 29 41 25 88 35 239 127 18 192 87 93 210 16 76 23 118 374 53 16 135 86 56 131 18 Lower 95 percent 85,772 1,253 248 1,099 943 6,232 1,543 1,115 227 4,202 2,118 191 475 2,584 2,059 1,159 876 1,479 953 639 1,391 1,775 3,233 2,200 760 2,251 452 494 450 479 1,653 533 3,634 2,566 198 3,647 1,201 1,349 3,754 324 1,134 282 2,055 4,748 660 280 2,235 2,147 625 1,961 194 Upper 95 percent 89,158 1,581 328 1,367 1,221 7,376 1,927 1,331 285 5,050 2,712 263 653 3,188 2,499 1,453 1,082 1,855 1,259 795 1,707 2,087 4,069 2,760 1,032 2,741 568 610 610 575 1,999 669 4,572 3,066 266 4,397 1,543 1,713 4,576 386 1,432 372 2,519 6,214 868 342 2,765 2,483 845 2,473 264 158 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Table D-6. Parameters a and b for Calculating Approximate Standard Errors of Sportspersons, Anglers, Hunters, and Wildlife-Watching Participants (These parameters are to be used only to calculate estimates of standard errors for characteristics developed from the screening sample) 6 years and older State a United States, total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Hampshire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Jersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . North Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –0.000015 –0.000523 –0.001157 –0.000399 –0.001116 –0.000126 –0.000573 –0.000313 –0.000510 –0.000266 –0.000568 –0.000437 –0.001346 –0.000296 –0.000488 –0.000762 –0.000537 –0.000772 –0.000775 –0.000924 –0.000357 –0.000261 –0.000685 –0.001009 –0.000757 –0.000670 –0.001418 –0.000567 –0.000515 –0.000535 –0.000209 –0.000620 –0.000320 –0.000416 –0.001096 –0.000484 –0.000744 –0.000752 –0.000544 –0.000315 –0.000560 –0.001061 –0.000565 –0.000466 –0.000700 –0.001053 –0.000450 –0.000349 –0.001092 –0.000820 –0.001268 b 4,173 2,173 697 2,178 2,820 4,134 2,435 1,005 396 4,389 4,653 517 1,759 3,416 2,782 2,062 1,329 2,935 3,143 1,135 1,821 1,521 6,318 4,733 1,982 3,534 1,227 902 1,159 650 1,655 1,097 5,582 3,286 637 5,045 2,389 2,533 6,176 308 2,174 745 3,084 9,557 1,541 611 3,102 2,031 1,823 4,156 592 a –0.000365 –0.014402 –0.024644 –0.008468 –0.026111 –0.003139 –0.019382 –0.008787 –0.014882 –0.006122 –0.012587 –0.009528 –0.042091 –0.007029 –0.012165 –0.020347 –0.016690 –0.018308 –0.017795 –0.030300 –0.008162 –0.007130 –0.018937 –0.029835 –0.016992 –0.018329 –0.033110 –0.014086 –0.011577 –0.015945 –0.005070 –0.016872 –0.009275 –0.011916 –0.036240 –0.011219 –0.020948 –0.024824 –0.014615 –0.008710 –0.016004 –0.025331 –0.015267 –0.011141 –0.018090 –0.032724 –0.014313 –0.010251 –0.042234 –0.021060 –0.028116 b 14,798 8,642 2,566 7,441 9,698 16,914 12,522 4,151 1,597 13,852 16,121 1,602 8,654 12,542 10,911 7,491 6,138 9,902 11,036 4,683 6,298 5,692 26,784 20,037 6,865 13,847 3,719 3,277 4,097 2,744 6,099 4,557 22,967 14,068 2,677 17,172 9,767 11,839 22,903 1,182 9,034 2,568 11,667 38,300 7,116 2,420 14,311 8,539 8,929 15,086 1,742 6-to-15-year-olds only U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation 159 Table D-7. Parameters a and b for Calculating Approximate Standard Errors for Levels for the Detailed Sportspersons Sample Sportspersons and anglers 16 years and older State a United States, total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Hampshire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Jersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . North Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –0.000027 –0.000936 –0.002197 –0.000641 –0.001833 –0.000239 –0.000960 –0.000545 –0.000758 –0.000415 –0.000965 –0.000763 –0.002486 –0.000430 –0.000821 –0.001383 –0.001097 –0.001222 –0.001300 –0.001560 –0.000552 –0.000412 –0.001085 –0.001694 –0.001355 –0.001031 –0.002523 –0.001066 –0.000898 –0.000801 –0.000327 –0.001323 –0.000456 –0.000713 –0.001558 –0.000851 –0.001278 –0.001291 –0.000867 –0.000487 –0.000983 –0.001728 –0.001019 –0.000859 –0.001453 –0.001514 –0.000885 –0.000626 –0.001844 –0.001281 –0.003226 b 6,125 3,324 1,096 2,941 3,951 6,523 3,459 1,490 507 5,911 6,668 774 2,738 4,201 3,939 3,234 2,315 3,983 4,464 1,675 2,392 2,072 8,470 6,812 3,000 4,662 1,899 1,449 1,703 836 2,200 1,984 6,842 4,794 791 7,569 3,504 3,730 8,490 410 3,259 1,038 4,790 14,660 2,627 766 5,215 3,116 2,688 5,572 1,306 a –0.000025 –0.000921 –0.002013 –0.000403 –0.001705 –0.000213 –0.000735 –0.000514 –0.000720 –0.000347 –0.000752 –0.000751 –0.001888 –0.000388 –0.000777 –0.001535 –0.001433 –0.001048 –0.001271 –0.001469 –0.000456 –0.000383 –0.001214 –0.001504 –0.001169 –0.001067 –0.002383 –0.001236 –0.000823 –0.000774 –0.000251 –0.001264 –0.000378 –0.000588 –0.001754 –0.000697 –0.001303 –0.001024 –0.001030 –0.000425 –0.000981 –0.001532 –0.000929 –0.000725 –0.001268 –0.001403 –0.001105 –0.000676 –0.001712 –0.001144 –0.002251 b 5,756 3,268 1,004 1,849 3,674 5,801 2,650 1,407 482 4,943 5,199 761 2,080 3,789 3,729 3,589 3,024 3,415 4,365 1,578 1,975 1,929 9,474 6,049 2,588 4,825 1,793 1,680 1,561 808 1,690 1,895 5,671 3,951 890 6,194 3,574 2,957 10,089 358 3,251 920 4,367 12,388 2,292 710 6,510 3,368 2,496 4,978 911 Hunters 16 years and older 160 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Table D-8. Parameters a, b, and c for Calculating Approximate Standard Errors for Expenditures for the Detailed Sportspersons Sample Sportspersons and anglers 16 years and older State a United States, total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Hampshire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Jersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . North Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.000118 0.019700 0.030420 0.036222 0.024408 0.018462 0.008867 0.036498 0.031385 0.014951 0.022339 0.065152 0.034640 0.017187 0.027022 0.033205 0.034206 0.051496 0.023308 0.022050 0.015599 0.049013 0.035078 0.028185 0.026713 0.011821 0.024760 0.018618 0.048609 0.025253 0.019672 0.084483 0.039569 0.029775 0.033611 0.031480 0.023920 0.029208 0.011981 0.033545 0.082716 0.030933 0.027200 0.032817 0.033896 0.022379 0.035897 0.026464 0.086611 0.017762 0.075474 b –150,479 –12,417 –2,004 –2,002 –27,794 –35,800 676 –11,421 –1,643 –23,048 –47,820 –5,771 9,981 6,704 –16,160 22,341 –23,245 –17,125 –66,118 –7,457 –14,663 –25,362 –148,672 –92,976 –53,218 –40,950 –9,845 1,031 –9,688 –6,176 –39,093 2,232 –84,193 –35,783 –586 –41,813 –27,206 –11,360 –92,207 –2,922 –96,641 682 67,423 –69,604 –13,369 –4,177 –28,532 –45,106 –39,384 –81,329 –5,404 c 22,234 5,855 1,057 2,994 6,433 10,686 5,062 2,841 734 9,553 8,031 830 3,224 5,219 4,558 2,171 3,454 5,942 7,237 2,175 3,208 3,792 13,535 11,279 5,433 10,804 2,520 1,640 1,387 1,434 4,262 1,181 13,133 6,154 751 11,082 4,719 5,033 15,295 634 6,922 1,071 6,450 20,795 2,671 1,337 5,705 5,612 2,945 10,849 1,197 a 0.000918 0.016799 0.031018 0.069395 0.010107 0.027550 0.034102 0.096937 0.018489 0.021932 0.051440 0.123487 0.023728 0.024778 0.042674 0.045665 0.042600 0.025277 0.027891 0.021630 0.018873 0.138120 0.039658 0.027553 0.014058 –0.005607 0.020119 0.022265 0.102222 0.037780 0.029909 0.096226 0.069695 0.035333 0.032562 0.040646 0.020041 0.019440 0.014951 0.053976 0.191600 0.018421 0.029272 0.027826 0.024396 0.026395 0.032298 0.081551 0.103915 0.029543 0.090886 b –401,912 –96,800 –14,867 –74,101 –101,205 –58,262 –27,935 –60,991 –3,855 –407,268 –143,590 –5,097 –69,369 74,958 –61,618 –41,343 –116,049 –89,098 135,631 –12,360 –30,982 –47,649 –147,585 –263,285 –97,282 –190,726 –99,543 –22,187 –32,513 –26,900 –90,209 20,132 –128,553 –15,128 6,176 –140,259 –31,920 –76,401 –17,951 –12,463 –23,834 –25,518 –98,688 –146,956 –195,230 –21,534 –68,680 81,860 –184,675 –54,069 12,235 c 17,005 6,317 1,091 2,742 7,942 9,255 4,373 2,564 719 10,425 7,061 588 3,841 3,321 4,557 1,583 4,343 6,822 6,412 2,038 2,820 2,049 12,587 12,919 6,390 17,070 3,580 1,472 1,074 1,448 3,910 683 12,761 5,717 804 8,710 5,066 4,937 14,434 565 2,573 1,356 7,535 22,831 4,439 1,476 6,293 1,611 4,610 8,015 847 Hunters 16 years and older U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation 161 Table D-9. Parameters a, b, and c for Calculating Approximate Standard Errors for Days or Trips for the Detailed Sportspersons Sample Sportspersons and anglers 16 years and older State a United States, total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Hampshire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Jersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . North Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.000211 0.027360 0.016117 0.065842 0.013952 0.010707 0.019267 0.034363 0.061308 0.010264 0.040208 0.034563 0.069064 0.005932 0.006553 0.026962 0.015744 0.015099 0.004012 0.030520 0.017639 0.027491 0.011920 0.035500 0.015625 0.019454 0.018290 0.009103 0.043203 0.019444 0.026108 0.112638 0.029022 0.021276 0.019007 0.022273 0.006405 0.073495 0.027085 0.011732 0.014487 0.012863 0.005611 0.014288 0.041500 0.016042 0.008112 0.017168 0.006512 0.009197 0.025766 b –23,610 –4,011 –432 –511 –12,325 –16,022 4,638 –781 –234 –17,862 –10,805 –1,603 –15,482 –8,487 –5,775 –7,704 –2,510 –6,026 –4,767 –7,661 –6,240 –3,619 –23,905 –7,447 –10,362 –11,342 –1,849 –2,063 –1,733 –2,643 1,903 –431 –22,367 –6,354 –3,002 –21,768 –10,237 –1,650 –24,417 –506 –6,537 –1,152 –9,561 –13,795 –1,853 –1,485 –5,920 –6,558 –2,872 –14,330 –1,835 c 23,157 4,995 1,681 1,775 8,675 13,917 3,198 1,504 527 11,170 6,234 1,552 4,996 9,365 6,973 4,252 4,078 7,313 6,568 3,270 3,697 4,355 20,643 10,504 5,357 12,042 2,202 3,655 1,536 1,627 1,969 817 14,881 5,499 1,621 15,604 8,296 3,786 16,685 680 6,823 1,751 11,404 18,462 2,544 1,360 7,627 4,800 4,433 10,587 1,823 a –0.000235 0.035544 0.027498 0.053516 0.024038 0.028439 0.017940 0.024306 0.058226 0.022310 0.044845 0.212584 0.024568 0.001562 0.018011 0.037766 0.046706 –0.014871 0.022152 0.003096 0.011515 0.044116 0.025076 0.027723 –0.000218 0.010034 0.013948 –0.005553 0.123560 0.013722 0.013215 0.096905 0.008095 0.012831 0.008541 0.044683 0.013165 0.042692 –0.014656 0.021282 0.086503 0.019075 –0.011681 –0.003611 0.071790 –0.006963 0.011922 0.045009 0.001964 –0.002285 0.034258 b –85,241 –6,621 8 –8,367 –5,931 –23,877 128 –1,047 –184 21,695 16,702 –1,169 –5,756 –38,372 –6,028 –10,398 –21,946 –7,130 –3,240 –10,278 –6,512 –8,700 23,642 –23,061 –2,695 –70,146 –3,887 –28,329 535 400 –1,967 807 –27,096 –28,563 –5,760 –9,949 –12,426 –10,309 –134,270 –344 1,677 –2,901 –60,797 –31,876 3,964 –2,952 165 3,663 –2,897 –35,565 –3,738 c 22,698 5,383 1,622 2,773 6,861 12,350 3,608 1,829 529 5,794 1,853 945 3,301 13,100 6,053 4,032 6,195 8,307 5,213 3,842 3,608 5,301 7,030 14,333 4,394 19,451 2,640 7,091 425 1,313 2,735 610 17,017 9,265 2,617 10,955 8,445 6,182 41,466 525 2,737 1,859 16,711 25,228 792 1,792 6,590 1,723 4,911 15,098 1,705 Hunters 16 years and older 162 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Table D-10. Parameters a and b for Calculating Approximate Standard Errors of Levels of Wildlife-Watching Participants for the Detailed Wildlife-Watching Sample Away-from-home participants State a United States, total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Hampshire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Jersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . North Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Wildlife-watching participants1 b a –0.000058 –0.002252 –0.005744 –0.001128 –0.003787 –0.000632 –0.002773 –0.001578 –0.002061 –0.001082 –0.002082 –0.002077 –0.006027 –0.001237 –0.002026 –0.003725 –0.002245 –0.003130 –0.002325 –0.005003 –0.001512 –0.001045 –0.002805 –0.004257 –0.004149 –0.002731 –0.005006 –0.001770 –0.002387 –0.002070 –0.000899 –0.002023 –0.001320 –0.001368 –0.004900 –0.001729 –0.003724 –0.003771 –0.001779 –0.001451 –0.002147 –0.005273 –0.002340 –0.002276 –0.003322 –0.003687 –0.002049 –0.001076 –0.005457 –0.003232 –0.006562 b 13,319 7,994 2,864 5,170 8,163 17,247 9,995 4,317 1,378 15,396 14,383 2,106 6,640 12,083 9,722 8,712 4,737 10,201 7,980 5,372 6,552 5,260 21,892 17,116 9,184 12,349 3,768 2,406 4,524 2,160 6,057 3,034 19,791 9,194 2,486 15,365 10,214 10,895 17,426 1,222 7,118 3,168 10,996 38,865 6,007 1,866 12,078 5,361 7,954 14,058 2,657 –0.000064 –0.002522 –0.005091 –0.001212 –0.003685 –0.000633 –0.002818 –0.001942 –0.002431 –0.001067 –0.002273 –0.002169 –0.005872 –0.001350 –0.002090 –0.003442 –0.002087 –0.003921 –0.002878 –0.005383 –0.001401 –0.001153 –0.003188 –0.004869 –0.004033 –0.003241 –0.006536 –0.001913 –0.003763 –0.002265 –0.000942 –0.002139 –0.001498 –0.001307 –0.004745 –0.001834 –0.004720 –0.004482 –0.001862 –0.001588 –0.002527 –0.005879 –0.002040 –0.002981 –0.002948 –0.003834 –0.002142 –0.001012 –0.005125 –0.002461 –0.006998 14,628 8,955 2,539 5,555 7,943 17,272 10,157 5,313 1,625 15,191 15,705 2,200 6,469 13,189 10,031 8,051 4,403 12,780 9,878 5,779 6,072 5,803 24,879 19,579 8,929 14,653 4,919 2,600 7,131 2,364 6,346 3,207 22,454 8,785 2,408 16,302 12,946 12,948 18,235 1,338 8,378 3,532 9,583 50,906 5,329 1,940 12,625 5,037 7,470 10,707 2,833 Use these parameters for total wildlife-watching participants and around-the-home participants. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation 163 Table D-11. Parameters a, b, and c for Calculating Approximate Standard Errors for Expenditures and Days or Trips for Detailed Wildlife-Watching Sample Expenditures State a United States, total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Hampshire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Jersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . North Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.000184 0.045588 0.120206 0.030207 0.099812 0.033850 0.027999 0.021634 0.065106 0.023886 0.074762 0.083826 0.062974 0.036256 0.036663 0.079272 0.065343 0.054215 0.122208 0.023874 0.014472 0.028723 0.034044 0.074185 0.069734 0.050350 0.096467 0.057553 0.114708 0.014724 0.022949 0.036652 0.042036 0.061423 0.155007 0.035458 0.036357 0.062814 0.054585 0.037242 0.017341 0.058011 0.058962 0.107126 0.056246 0.005556 0.043764 0.030615 0.118586 0.009997 0.083907 b –1,140,662 –11,994 –27,366 –53,304 14,720 –512,106 –274,128 –65,691 –1,447 346,119 –1,010,585 –21,578 –42,113 –247,805 –31,127 54,459 2,002 7,733 –20,968 –51,089 –4,594 –178,823 –350,268 –156,337 –5,671 –370,879 –101,441 –29,126 –32,736 –17,918 –169,333 16,768 –450,788 –16,794 –2,199 –205,570 –21,977 –65,011 –176,791 –31 –52,304 –16,346 –19,581 268,978 –5,750 –22,018 –51,970 –16,210 –4,653 –400,732 –31,350 c 67,137 16,603 3,041 10,729 8,751 41,075 22,499 10,399 1,138 21,198 34,617 2,574 7,740 22,614 16,250 5,841 6,423 10,118 9,262 9,384 10,674 9,836 38,895 26,053 8,343 19,939 7,127 3,150 5,704 4,039 13,969 4,306 32,575 13,694 1,794 28,049 15,171 9,965 24,331 2,537 14,141 3,878 19,197 41,639 4,842 4,065 12,817 11,199 8,819 26,411 3,012 a 0.000574 0.188740 –0.124071 –0.012992 –0.017705 –0.045068 –0.048837 –0.024457 –0.008505 0.008852 –0.043108 –0.072050 –0.034736 –0.015710 –0.011371 –0.010582 –0.009647 –0.027046 –0.027645 –0.124695 0.003905 –0.028071 –0.189982 –0.037135 0.007734 –0.072363 0.021739 –0.037603 0.007035 –0.004938 –0.040442 –0.023441 –0.019285 –0.012815 0.150664 –0.018753 –0.000564 –0.004734 –0.024636 –0.019391 –0.021836 –0.063876 –0.067979 –0.115263 –0.002938 –0.014449 –0.046070 –0.000250 –0.073404 –0.015178 –0.062286 b 1,457,630 –119,343 –135,739 48,146 122,002 409,984 –38,813 –95,765 9,777 367,813 –269,579 –22,450 –28,632 –127,759 –60,979 –64,612 290,376 –203,563 11,297 –361,658 125,364 –151,233 –1,478,372 –287,075 –4,828 –297,324 75,970 –53,492 8,360 74,043 238,149 72,449 –366,511 19,657 6,024 –103,758 1,344,926 831,881 –296,844 234 –45,588 –12,873 539,487 –2,660,430 –77,345 33,588 –227,508 36,174 38,459 –125,383 –29,913 c –8,497 614 22,893 15,350 28,315 182,262 65,367 25,345 5,498 29,038 83,544 10,110 22,517 55,397 38,357 23,312 9,046 66,052 25,905 61,734 13,230 43,446 355,858 81,476 12,669 107,372 2,590 15,634 8,647 4,376 40,992 11,803 102,534 37,216 376 63,267 16,961 37,513 94,825 7,490 28,960 14,245 98,190 425,213 25,347 6,073 91,189 12,719 30,640 46,927 12,976 Days or trips 164 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service http://federalaid.fws.gov October 2007