HIVAIDS Statistical Fact Sheet

undp         Statistical Fact Sheet hiv/aids General (see also 2 tables at the back) There are now 40 million people living with HIV, and about 95% of them are in developing countries. Globally 24.8 million people have died of AIDS since the beginning of the epidemic. In 2001 alone, 5 million people became newly infected with HIV. About 14 000 people become newly infected with HIV every day. 3 million people died of AIDS in 2001. Of all new infections in 2001, 68% were in Sub-Saharan Africa and 16% in South and South East Asia. An estimated 3 million children are living with HIV/AIDS More than half of those newly infected with HIV today are between 15 and 24 years old. 11.8 million young people (aged 15-24) are living with HIV/AIDS of whom 7.3 million are young women and 4.5 million are young men. 14 million children have been orphaned by HIV/AIDS, and the number will reach 40 million by 2010.  Resources  The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria has received pledges of over $2 billion, and in the first round its board has approved $616 million over two years including $238 million that will be approved pending some further review. The world currently spends about $2 billion annually on HIV/AIDS prevention and care in developing countries A Harvard study estimated that AIDS has so far cost the world more than $500 billion compared to the $7-10 billion a year that is needed to combat it. Since 1992, ODA flows to the 28 countries with the highest adult HIV prevalence rates have fallen by one third, from $12.8 to $8.4 billion.    undp Survival        Statistical Fact Sheet hiv/aids Impact on Human Development It is estimated that 68 million people will die AIDS by 2020, more than triple the number who died in the first 20 years of the epidemic. Life expectancy in the 35 worst affected countries in Africa is estimated at 48.3 years. This is 6.5 years less than it would have been in the absence of AIDS. Life expectancy in Haiti will be 50 years instead of 60 years in 2010 as a result of HIV/AIDS In Botswana life expectancy has fallen from 60.2 years to 44.4 years and is projected to drop to 36 years from 2000-2005. An estimated 60% of deaths among children under the age of five in the Bahamas are due to AIDS while for Zimbabwe the figure is 70% Under five mortality in South Africa will increase to nearly 150 per 1,000 live births by 2010 instead of falling to around 50 in the absence of HIV/AIDS. By 2005-2010, average life expectancy at birth in the eleven worst affected countries is projected to decrease to 44 years instead of rising to 61 years as it was projected in the absence of AIDS Income Poverty      Income for the poorest quarter of households in Botswana will drop by 13% over the next ten years, as a result of HIV/AIDS The proportion of people living in poverty in Burkina Faso will increase from 45% to nearly 60% by 2010 as a result of HIV/AIDS. Studies of rural families in Thailand show that farm output and income fell between 52% and 67% in families affected by AIDS. A Zambian study shows that two-thirds of urban households that have lost their main breadwinner to AIDS experienced a loss of income of 80% The same study found that 61% of these households moved to cheaper housing, 39% lost piped water, and 21% of girls and 17% of boys dropped out of school. undp Economic Growth     Statistical Fact Sheet hiv/aids HIV/AIDS has reduced the annual rate of Africa's per capita GDP growth by 0.8 percent. In the worst affected countries, HIV/AIDS will reduce economic growth by 1-2 percent. It is projected that by 2021 the size of the GDP of Botswana will be 24-38% less than it would have been without HIV/AIDS. In Botswana it is estimated that the government will lose 20% of public revenue by 2010 because of AIDS Agriculture and Food Security  The FAO estimates that in the 27 most affected African countries, 7 million agricultural workers have died from AIDS since 1985, and 16 million more deaths are likely in the next two decades. One out of every five rural families in Burkina Faso have reduced their agricultural output or abandoned their farms due to AIDS. An Ethiopian study found that AIDS-afflicted households spent 50-66% less time on agriculture than households that were not afflicted. In Zimbabwe, it is estimated that communal agricultural output has decreased by 50% in a fiveyear period, largely due to HIV/AIDS. In Zimbabwe household maize production fell by over 60% and cattle ownership by a third for households affected by HIV/AIDS.     Gender      Of all adults living with HIV/AIDS, 50% or 18.5 million are women. 1.1 million women have died of AIDS in 2001 Women make up 58% of people living with HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa. South Africa’s large-scale prevention programme is showing results, recently 55% of sexually active teenage girls reported constant condom use during sex. In Trinidad and Tobago HIV rates are five times higher in girls than in boys aged 15-19. undp     Statistical Fact Sheet hiv/aids Through strong prevention programmes Cambodia was able to lower HIV prevalence rates by one third among pregnant women from 3.2% in 1997 to 2.3% at the end of 2000. In Southern Africa one in four women aged 20 to 29 is HIV positive. In Bangladesh and Nepal less than one in three married women have heard of AIDS. Women now represent 24% of new HIV infections compared to 8.5% in 1995 in Canada. Education       In 1999, UNICEF estimated that 860,000 children in Sub-Saharan Africa have lost their teachers to AIDS since the beginning of the epidemic. Zambia has lost 1,300 teachers due to AIDS in the first ten months of 1998, the equivalent of two-thirds of all new teachers trained annually In Central African Republic, 85% of the 300 teacher deaths in 2000 were due to AIDS and the epidemic is responsible for the closure of more than 100 education establishments. AIDS deaths among South African teachers rose by more than 40% in 2000-2001. In Cote d’Ivoire household spending on schooling has dropped by 50% in families where someone had died of AIDS. In Benin only 17% of children whose parents have died attend school, compared to 50% of those with both parents still alive. Business Response  Volkswagen Brazil has reported a 90% reduction in hospitalizations, 40% reduction in the cost of treatment and care and 90% of the patients were active and with no symptoms since the start of the company’s care programme. DaimlerChrysler South Africa, the largest foreign investor in South Africa, has started a program that includes free anti-retrovirals and drugs to treat AIDS related opportunistic infections, as well as education programs and improved health center infrastructure. This will directly affect 23,000 0people (employees and their dependents). The diamond company Debswana has announced that it will pay 90% of the costs of antiretrovirals for an employee and one legally married spouse who is HIV positive.   undp  Statistical Fact Sheet hiv/aids One of South Africa's biggest employers, power utility company Eskom said the rate of infection in the company is down to 9% from 12% in 1995, thanks to a comprehensive programme which costs it around 180 million rand ($18.4 million) annually Access to HIV/AIDS Drugs    Just 0.1% of the 28.5 million of people living with HIV/AIDS in Africa have access to HIV/AIDS drugs. Of all the 760 000 people worldwide who have access to antiretrovirals, 500 000 live in highincome countries. In the US, a triple-cocktail of antiretrovirals costs between US $10,000 and $12,000 per patient per year while Cipla, the Indian generic drug manufacturer has offered a triple-cocktail for US$ 350 per patient per year. In Latin America and the Caribbean 11 of 24 countries surveyed have policies, regulations or laws that guarantee access to antiretrovirals as a human right. The annual number of AIDS deaths in Brazil has been reduced by almost 50% between 1996 and 1999 following the introduction of antiretroviral therapies. By providing free antiretrovirals Brazil has kept 146,000 patients out of the nation's hospitals and saved the country $472 million. Pharmaceutical sales in Africa are forecast to be just 1.3% of the global market in 2002. In 1998 global health research spending was approximately $70 billion but just $300 million went to AIDS vaccine research and about $100 million to malaria research. In 1992 only 10% of global health research focused on the illnesses that constituted 90% of the global disease burden.       Regional Stats Africa  70% of all adults living with HIV are in Africa undp      Statistical Fact Sheet hiv/aids Africa has a total number of 28.5 million people living with HIV/AIDS showing an increase of 30% over five years. 3.5 million Africans became newly infected with HIV in 2001. In the past two decades average life expectancy for all Africans has fallen by 15 years as a direct result of HIV/AIDS. Seven Southern African countries now have a prevalence rate of over 20% . Uganda with prevalence rates dropping from 8.3% at the end of 1999 to 5% at the end of 2001 is only African country that was able to turn around a major HIV/AIDS epidemic. Eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States       In 2001 there were an estimated 250 000 new infections in this region. There are now 1 million people living with HIV/AIDS in this region. In the Russian Federation the epidemic continues to grow rapidly, more than 40 000 new HIVpositive diagnoses were reported in the first six months of 2001. Ukraine (1%) and Russia (0.9%) have the fastest growing epidemics in the world and the trend in Russia is that the number of registered cases double every year. Russian Health Ministry estimates that 5-10 million boys and men between the ages of 15 and 20 will have be HIV-positive in five years. In Estonia HIV infections have increased sharply from 12 in 1999 to 1474 in 2001. Asia and the Pacific    An estimated 6.6 million people are now living with HIV/AIDS in Asia and the Pacific. China has seen a rise of 67% in reported HIV-infections in the first 6 months of 2001. In South and South-East Asia in the year 2001 an estimated 800 000 adults and children were newly infected. undp    Statistical Fact Sheet hiv/aids India has an estimated 3.97 million people living with HIV/AIDS. Only South Africa has more. India will soon have the highest number of HIV-positive citizens, and China is close behind. The two countries combined will have at least 10 million people infected with HIV by 2005. Cambodia brought down the HIV-prevalence rate from a little more than 4% at the end of 1999 to 2, 7% at the end of 2001, their 100% condom-use programme is largely credited for this success. In Thailand annual new HIV-infections dropped from 143 000 in 1991 to 29 000 in 20001.  Latin America and the Caribbean       An estimated 1.9 million adults and children are living with HIV in Latin America and the Caribbean. An estimated 200,000 people became newly infected during 2001 in Latin America and the Caribbean. 200 000 of the 250 000 AIDS orphans in the Caribbean live in Haiti. With an average adult HIV prevalence rate of 2% the Caribbean is the second-most affected region. Nine out of the 12 countries with the highest HIV prevalence in the Americas are in the Caribbean basin. Brazil, the most populated country in the region, has 610,000, the highest number of People Living with HIV/AIDS. undp Country 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 Botswana Zimbabwe Swaziland Lesotho Namibia Zambia South Africa Kenya Malawi Mozambique Central African Republic Cameroon Djibouti* Cote d'Ivoire Rwanda Burundi United Rep. of Tanzania Congo Sierra Leone Burkina Faso Ethiopia Haiti Togo Nigeria Angola Uganda Dem. Republic of Congo Gabon Statistical Fact Sheet hiv/aids Adults (15-49) 300,000 2,000,000 150,000 330,000 200,000 1,000,000 4,700,000 2,300,000 780,000 1,000,000 220,000 860,000 35,000 690,000 430,000 330,000 1,300,000 99,000 150,000 380,000 1900,000 240,000 130,000 3,200,000 320,000 510,000 1,100,000 22,000* Orphans cumulative 69,000 780,000 35,000 73,000 47,000 570,000 660,000 890,000 470,000 420,000 110,000 210,000 … 420,000 260,000 240,000 810,000 78,000 42,000 270,000 990,000 200,000 63,000 1,000,000 100,000 880,000 930,000 … Countries with >4% HIV Adult Prevalence Rate Adult rate (%) 38.80 33.73 33.44 31.00 22.50 21.52 20.10 15.01 15.00 13.00 12.90 11.83 11.75* 9.65 8.88 8.30 7.83 7.15 7.00 6.50 6.41 6.10 6.00 5.80 5.50 5.00 4.90 4.16* Adults and children 330,000 2,300,000 170,000 360,000 230,000 1,200,000 5,000,000 2,500,000 850,000 1,100,000 250,000 920,000 37,000 770,000 500,000 390,000 1,500,000 110,000 170,000 440,000 2,100,000 250,000 150,000 3,500,000 350,000 600,000 1,300,000 23,000* *Data refer to end 1999 (Source UNAIDS 2000) Source: UNAIDS 2002 undp Regions Statistical Fact Sheet Adult rate (%) 9.0 2.3 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.1 Adults and Children 28.5 million 420 000 5.6 million 950 000 1.5 million 1 million 550 000 500 000 1 million 15 000 hiv/aids 1 Sub-Saharan Africa 2 Caribbean 3 South and South East Asia 4 North America 5 Latin America 6 Eastern Europe and Central Asia 7 Western Europe 8 North Africa and Middle East 9 East Asia and Pacific 10 Australia and New Zealand Source: Report on the Global Epidemic, July 2002, UNAIDS