SNC 1D
Unit #3 Review Biology: Reproduction
Terms to know:
organelle cell cycle m eiosis interphase biotechnology field of view variation conjugation regeneration cancer haploid diploid asexual reproduction DNA replication stem cell herm aphrodite m itosis blastocyst fertilization fragm entation m agnification m utation gam ete crossing over budding
Diagrams to know:
plant cell anim al cell chrom osom e cell cycle flower parts cytokinesis binary fission m itosis m icroscope
Questions to Answer:
1. 2. State the four m ain points of the cell theory. State the basic cellular functions of the following organelles: a. nucleus b. ribosom e c. m itochondrion
d. chrom atin e. cell wall f. vacuole
g. chloroplast 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Draw a diagram of a chrom osom e and label the sister chrom atids and centrom ere. W hat is the goal of m itotic cell division? Give three good reasons why cells m ight need to divide. W hat does “m itosis” actually refer to? Do bacteria undergo m itosis? Explain. W hat is the cell cycle? Study the stages of m itosis. Identify each stage shown below.
10. 11. 12. 13. 14.
In which stage of m itosis does the chrom osom e unwind to becom e thin stranded chrom atin? W hen do the chrom atids separated from one another? W hen does the nucleus m em brane and nucleolus disappear? W hat pulls the chrom atids apart? The m iddle and ends of the cell are referred to as what in m itosis?
15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23.
W hat is cytokinesis? Using diagram s, com pare cytokinesis in plant cells com pared to anim al cells. W hat three events occur during interphase? W hat is regeneration? In general, how does cancer begin and how are tum ours form ed? W hy do people age? W hat kinds of cells are produced in asexual reproduction? W hat is binary fission? W hat anim als can reproduce by asexual reproduction? Explain how plants can reproduce asexually using a. roots b. stem s
24. 25. 26. 27. 28.
W hat is grafting in plants? W hat is the goal of m eiotic cell division? W here in the hum an body does m eiotic cell division occur? W hat occurs during m eiosis that allows gam etes to be genetically unique? W hat kind and how m any cells are produced in m eiotic cell division in a. hum an m ales b. hum an fem ales
29. 30.
Com pare the term s haploid num ber and diploid num ber. A cell produced from m eiotic cell division of crayfish has 100 chrom osom es. a. W hat is the haploid num ber? b. W hat is the diploid num ber? c. How m any chrom osom es would be in a crayfish egg cell?
d. How m any chrom osom es would be in a zygote? e. How m any chrom osom es would be in a m uscle cell of crayfish? 31. Draw a diagram of two hom ologous chrom osom es crossing over and then show the final result. a. How do the chrom atids com pare to one another before crossing over? b. How do the chrom atids com pare after crossing over? c. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. W here did each chrom osom e involved in crossing over com e from ?
State and explain the two m ain types of fertilization. W hat type of fertilization do frogs and fish use? W hat is a herm aphrodite? Give an exam ple. Distinguish between angiosperm s and gym nosperm s. How do plants sexually reproduce? Use a sim ple diagram to explain. W hy is variation in a species a good thing? W hat is cloning? Explain how Dolly the sheep was cloned. W hat is biotechnology, and give an exam ple of what we m ight use this for. W hat is genetic engineering? Give one exam ple of a practical application of genetic engineering. W hat inform ation is coded in the genes (DNA)? (W hat does the DNA contain instructions for?) W hat is a DNA fingerprint, and how could it be used? List three m utagenic agents.