2007 Emissions Inventory
Topics
• First emissions inventory under Clean Air Action Plan (CAAP)
• Emissions inventory methodology • Cargo throughput changes • Conclusion:
Although cargo volume increased, emissions declined–in just the first year of CAAP
Key Air Quality Factors
• Green Port Policy adopted January 2005 • CAAP adopted November 2006 to cut emissions at least 45% by 2012 • The 2007 emissions inventory captures impacts of early CAAP measures
• State’s vessel auxiliary engine low-sulfur fuel rule became effective in January 2007
What We’ve Been Working On
• Developed methodology with Port of Los Angeles • Coordinated with regulatory agencies • Analyzed 2007 data • Estimated greenhouse gas emissions • Validated results & compared to 2005
Cargo Activity 2005 vs. 2007
• Fewer ship calls • Larger vessels • More cargo containers per ship call
Activity
Vessel Calls
2005
3,166
2007
2,700
Change
-15%
Containerships TEUs
Average TEUs/Call
1,384 6,709,818
4,848
1,358 7,312,645
5,384
-2% 9%
11%
Changes from 2005 to 2007
• Changes due to:
– Agency emission estimating methods
– Better data
• Estimation of greenhouse gas emissions
How to Compare 2007 to 2005?
• Inventory = activity record + estimating methodology
• If methodology changed in 2007, then we re-estimated 2005 activity records using 2007 methodologies • Important to note: Activity for 2005 was not adjusted
Emissions, All Sources,2007 vs. 2005
• TEUs increased 9% • NOx and CO increased but less than TEUs • Diesel particulate matter (DPM) declined 21%.
Comparison 2007 to 2005
• Greenhouse gases increased, but not as fast as cargo volume
EI Year 2005 2007 Change (tpy) Change (%)
CO2 1,187,963 1,274,588 86,625 7%
N2 O 46 47 0 1%
CH4 38 41 2 6%
CO2 Equivalent 1,203,172 1,289,950 86,778 7%
Vessel Emissions 2007 vs. 2005
• Particulate matter declined substantially • Low-sulfur fuel
• Green flag vessel-speed reduction
Truck Emissions 2007 vs. 2005
• With more cargo, truck emissions increased although low-sulfur fuel cut SOx
• Clean Trucks Program, beginning October 2008, will reduce truck emissions 80% by 2012
Harbor Craft Emissions
• With more cargo, harbor craft emissions increased although low-sulfur fuel cut SOx
Yard Equipment Emissions
• Cargo-handling equipment produced lower emissions, especially SOx, with use of low-sulfur fuel
Train Emissions
• Cargo is shifting from trucks to trains, which reduces emissions
• But more rail cargo is increasing train emissions
43%
50% 40%
30% 20%
10% 0% -10%
26%
17% 13% 17% 9% 10% 16% 9%
-20%
-30% -40% -36%
Emissions per TEU
• Increased efficiency • With better technology and cleaner fuels, cargo activities are producing less air pollution per unit of cargo
Next Steps
• Briefings on the 2007 Emissions Inventory • Collect data for 2008 Emissions Inventory • Finalize Rubber Tire Gantry (RTG) crane load factor study
• New rail methodology with better rail activity data • Continue coordination with air agencies
Summary
• Port-wide particulate matter (PM), hydrocarbons (HC), and sulfur monoxide (SOx) emissions decreased in 2007 from 2005 levels despite a 9% increase in TEUs
• Nitrogen Oxide (NOx) emissions only increased 1% from 2005 • Ocean-Going Vessels, the leading source of most port air pollutants, decreased emissions with increased compliance with Vessel-Speed Reduction Green Flag Program, fuel-efficient slide valves, and switching to cleaner fuel
More Summary
• SOx emissions decreased for all source categories due to use of Ultra-Low-Sulfur Diesel in 2007
• Rail and truck emissions increased with cargo increases, except for SOx emissions • Reduced truck gate idling due to PierPASS off-peak gates
More Improvements Are Coming
• Clean Air Action Plan
– – – – – PHL Operating Agreement Clean Trucks Program Vessel Speed Reduction Vessel Fuel Incentive Technology Advancement Program
• Green Leases • CARB Regulations
– – – – Cargo-Handling Equipment Ocean-Going Vessels Harbor Craft Drayage Trucks