Get documents about "Detailed Review of Digitization Standards
Document Sample
1
Top Digitization Standards Websites
1-United States National Archives and Records Administration (NARA)
<http://www.archives.gov/>
Best for overall coverage
Abstract: NARA, more often than not, is at the forefront of digital preservation
technology and practice. NARA’s Special Media Preservation Laboratory is responsible
for reformatting and duplicating records created on textual and non-textual formats. This
includes duplicating motion picture film, still photos, microfilm, and sound and video
recordings; microfilming paper records; reformatting audio and video recordings in
obsolete formats that cannot be used on currently-available playback equipment; and,
generating digital images of records. These program activities result in the removal of
fragile records from use, while still providing access to their informational content by
capturing the information in a new format.
Relevant Website Content:
I- Technical Information
The information presented in this section is intended to assist conservators and other
professionals engaged in preservation and conservation activities in performing
specialized tasks. Created by staff at the National Archives in conservation applications,
this material is written primarily for users with an existing knowledge of conservation,
preservation and related subject matter.
Technical Guidelines for Digitizing Archival Materials for Electronic Access: Creation of
Production Master Files
<http://www.archives.gov/preservation/technical/guidelines.pdf>
This guideline PDF for the following record types - textual, graphic
illustrations/artwork/originals, maps, plans, oversized, photographs, aerial photographs,
and objects/artifacts, is the most comprehensive of all websites under review. Although
the guideline PDF is highly detailed, it is also extremely dense in terms of content. For
the lay archivist or librarian, it may be advisable to wait for an abridged version of these
guidelines. (Also see Appendices A-F).
*Important Note* The NARA Technical Guidelines for Digitizing Archival Materials for
Electronic Access define approaches for creating digital surrogates for facilitating access
and reproduction; they are not considered appropriate for preservation reformatting to
create digital surrogates that will replace original records.
Continued next page…
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Technical Guidelines for Digitizing Archival Materials for Electronic Access: Table of
Contents
Metadata - 5
Common Metadata Types - 6
Descriptive - 7
Administrative - 8
Rights - 8
Technical - 9
Structural - 10
Behavior - 11
Preservation - 11
Image Quality Assessment - 12
Records Management/Recordkeeping - 15
Tracking - 15
Meta-Metadata - 16
Assessment of Metadata Needs for Imaging Projects - 16
Local Implementation - 18
Relationships - 20
Batch Level Metadata - 20
Permanent and Temporary Metadata - 21
Technical Overview - 21
Raster Image Characteristics:
Spatial Resolution - 21
Signal Resolution - 21
Color Mode - 22
Digitization Environment - 23
Viewing Conditions - 23
Monitor Settings, Light Boxes, and Viewing Booths - 23
The Room - 23
Practical Experience - 24
Monitor Calibration - 24
Quantifying Scanner/Digital Camera Performance - 24
Test Frequency and Equipment Variability - 25
Tests:
Opto-Electronic Conversion Function (OECF) - 26
Dynamic Range - 26
Spatial Frequency Response (SFR) - 26
Noise - 27
Channel Registration - 27
Uniformity - 27
Dimensional Accuracy - 28
Other Artifacts or Imaging Problems - 28
Reference Targets - 29
Scale and Dimensional References - 29
Targets for Tone and Color Reproduction - 30
Reflection Scanning - 30
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Transmission Scanning – Positives - 30
Transmission Scanning – Negatives - 31
Imaging Workflow - 31
Adjusting Image Files - 31
Overview - 32
Scanning Aimpoints - 32
Aimpoints for Photographic Gray Scales - 35
Alternative Aimpoints for Kodak Color Control Patches (color bars) - 36
Aimpoint Variability - 36
Minimum and Maximum Levels - 36
Color Management Background - 36
ICC Color Management System - 37
Profiles - 37
Rendering Intents - 38
Color Management Modules - 38
Image Processing - 38
Color Correction and Tonal Adjustments - 39
Sharpening - 39
Sample Image Processing Workflow - 39
Scanning - 40
Post-Scan Adjustment/Correction - 40
Digitization Specifications for Record Types - 41
Cleanliness of Work Area, Digitization Equipment, and Originals - 42
Cropping - 42
Backing Reflection Originals - 42
Scanning Encapsulated or Sleeved Originals - 42
Embossed Seals - 43
Compensating for Minor Deficiencies - 43
Scanning Text - 43
Scanning Oversized - 44
Scanning Photographs - 44
Scanning Intermediates - 44
Scanning Microfilm - 45
Illustrations of Record Types - 46
Requirements Tables:
Textual Documents, Graphic Illustrations/Artwork/Originals, Maps, Plans,
and Oversized - 51
Photographs - Film/Camera Originals - Black-and-White and Color -
Transmission Scanning - 52
Photographs - Prints - Black-and-White, Monochrome, and Color -
Reflection Scanning - 54
Aerial - Transmission Scanning - 56
Aerial - Reflection Scanning - 57
Objects and Artifacts - 58
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Storage - 60
File Formats - 60
File Naming - 60
Directory Structure - 60
Versioning - 61
Naming Derivative Files - 61
Storage Recommendations - 61
Digital Repositories and Long-Term Management of Files and Metadata - 61
Quality Control - 62
Completeness - 62
Inspection of Digital Image Files - 62
File Related - 62
Original/Document Related - 62
Metadata Related - 63
Image Quality Related - 63
Quality Control of Metadata - 64
Documentation - 65
Testing Results and Acceptance/Rejection - 65
Appendices:
A – Digitizing for Preservation vs. Production Masters - 66
B – Derivative Files - 70
C – Mapping of LCDRG Elements to Unqualified Dublin Core - 74
D – File Format Comparison - 76
E – Records Handling for Digitization - 79
F – Resources - 82
2) Le Centre du patrimoine
<http://www.shsb.mb.ca/>
Best for Scanning Black and White Negatives and Reflective Materials
Abstract:
Le Centre du patrimoine has developed digitization standards (in English only) for black
and white photographic negatives and a standards manual for reflective materials (again
only in English).
Relevant Website Content:
The protocol in these two manuals are based very heavily on U.S. National Archives and
Records Administration (NARA) Technical Guidelines for Digitizing Archival Materials
for Electronic Access (See above), but much more accessible. These two manuals
provided understandable step-by-step instruction to digitization aided considerably by in-
text images.
*Important Note* These two PDF manuals may take a long time to download.
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3) The Library of Congress: American Memory
<http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/ftpfiles.html>
Best for Scanner Characterization, Standard Targets and Tests, and overall Digitization
of Text and Graphic Materials
Abstract:
The Library of Congress is currently revising a series of standards and best practices to
guide the Library’s digital conversion efforts. These Documents detail the current
digitization standards followed by the Library.
Relevant Website Contetent:
1) Library of Congress Technical Standards for Digital Conversion of Text and Graphic
Materials. <http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/about/techStandards.pdf>
Notable chapters include Document Management and Handling, Scanner
Characterization, Standard Targets and Tests, Image Acquisition, and Post Processing of
Digital Files.
4) The Library of Congress: Preservation, Sustainability of Digital Formats
<http://www.digitalpreservation.gov/formats/> Best for Digital Audio and Moving Image
Sustainability
Abstract:
The mission of the Preservation Directorate at the Library of Congress is to assure long-
term, uninterrupted access to the intellectual content of the Library's collections, either in
original or reformatted form. This mission is accomplished directly through the provision
of conservation, binding and repair, reformatting, materials testing, and staff and user
education; and indirectly through coordinating and overseeing all Library-wide activities
relating to the preservation and physical protection of Library material.
Relevant Website Content:
Quality and functionality factors, Preferences in summary, Curator's view, Format
description documents, as well as Tags for TIFF and Related Specifications for the
content categories of:
-Still images
-Sound
-Textual
-Moving image
-Website archiving
I-Sustainability of Digital Formats: Sound
<http://www.digitalpreservation.gov/formats/content/sound.shtml>
Quality and functionality factors
Factors appropriate for the evaluation of digital formats for sound.
Preferences in summary
Abbreviated overview of formats for sound preferred by the Library of Congress.
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Curator's view
II-Illustrative view of a curator's identification of significant characteristics of sound
(audio) content and preferred formats.
Format description documents
Additional information about specific digital formats for sound.
II-Sustainability of Digital Formats: Moving Images
<http://www.digitalpreservation.gov/formats/content/video.shtml>
• Quality and functionality factors
Factors appropriate for the evaluation of digital formats for moving images.
• Preferences in summary
Abbreviated overview of formats for moving images preferred by the Library of
Congress.
• Curator's view
Illustrative view of a curator's identification of significant characteristics of moving
image content and preferred formats.
• Format description documents
Additional information about specific digital formats for moving images.
• Video streams as sources for files
5) The Dublin Core Metadata Initiative (DCMI)
<http://dublincore.org/documents/>
Best for universal Metadata Standards
Important Note-Many digitization projects adhere to DCMI standards
Abstract:
The Dublin Core Metadate Initiative is an open organization engaged in the development
of interoperable online metadata standards that support a broad range of purposes and
business models. DCMI's activities include work on architecture and modeling,
discussions and collaborative work in DCMI Communities and DCMI Task Groups,
annual conferences and workshops, standards liaison, and educational efforts to promote
widespread acceptance of metadata standards and practices.
Relevant Website Content:
I) Dublin Core Metadata Element Set, Version 1.1.
The Dublin Core Metadata Element Set is a vocabulary of fifteen properties for use in
resource description. The fifteen elements Dublin Core described in this standard is part
of a larger set of metadata vocabularies and technical specifications maintained by the
Dublin Core Metadata Initiative.
The elements are:
-Contributor -Format -Rights
-Coverage -Identifier -Source
-Creator -Language -Subject
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-Date -Publisher -Title
-Description -Relation -Type
This document, an excerpt from the more comprehensive document "DCMI Metadata
Terms" <http://dublincore.org/documents/dcmi-terms/>
[DCTERMS] provides an abbreviated reference version of the fifteen element
descriptions that have been formally endorsed in the following standards:
-ISO Standard 15836-2003 of February 2003 [ISO15836]
-ANSI/NISO Standard Z39.85-2007 of May 2007 [NISOZ3985]
-IETF RFC 5013 of August 2007 [RFC5013]
2) Other Recommendations
-Expressing Dublin Core metadata using HTML/XHTML meta and link elements.
<http://dublincore.org/documents/2008/08/04/dc-html/>
-Expressing Dublin Core metadata using the Resource Description Framework (RDF).
<http://dublincore.org/documents/dc-rdf/>
-Guidelines for implementing Dublin Core in XML.
<http://dublincore.org/documents/dc-xml-guidelines/>
6) The National Information Standards Organization (NISO): A Framework of
Guidance for Building Good Digital Collections
<http://framework.niso.org/>
Best for Initiation or Base Framework of Digitization Projects
Abstract:
NISO, the National Information Standards Organization, a non-profit association
accredited by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI), identifies, develops,
maintains, and publishes technical standards to manage information in the changing and
ever-more digital environment. NISO standards apply both traditional and new
technologies to the full range of information-related needs, including retrieval, re-
purposing, storage, metadata, and preservation.
A Framework of Guidance for Building Good Digital Collections provides an overview
of some of the major components and activities involved in the creation of good digital
collections and provides a framework for identifying, organizing, and applying existing
knowledge and resources to support the development of practices for creating and
managing good digital collections. It is intended for two audiences: cultural heritage
organizations planning projects to create digital collections, and funding organizations
that want to encourage the development of good digital collections.
Relevant Website Content:
-Digital Collection/Acquisition (Organized groups of digital objects) Framework
Principles: Collection Principles 1-9
-Objects Principles 1-6
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-Metadata Principles 1-6
-initiative Principles 1-6
7) Preserving Access to Digital Information (PADI)
<http://www.nla.gov.au/padi/>
Best for Digital Alliance Templates
Abstract:
The National Library of Australia's Preserving Access to Digital Information (PADI)
initiative aims to provide mechanisms that will help to ensure that information in digital
form is managed with appropriate consideration for preservation and future access.
Objectives:
1. to facilitate the development of strategies and guidelines for the preservation of
access to digital information;
2. to develop and maintain a web site for information and promotion purposes;
3. to actively identify and promote relevant activities; and
4. to provide a forum for cross-sectoral cooperation on activities promoting the
preservation of access to digital information.
The PADI web site is a subject gateway to digital preservation resources. It also has an
associated discussion list “padiforum-l” for the exchange of news and ideas about digital
preservation issues.
Relevant Website Content:
DIGITAL PRESERVATION TOPICS: Provides links to pertinent articles and websites
on each topic.
-Data Documentation & Standards
-Digital Records
-Digitisation
-Formats & Media
-General Resources
-Issues
-Management
-National Approaches
-Rights Management
-Strategies
-Web Archiving
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8) Collaborative Digitization Program (CDP)
<http://www.bcr.org/cdp/>
Best for Digital Cultural Institution Outreach
Abstract:
CDP focused on helping museums, libraries and cultural heritage institutions keep pace
with changes in digital and archived information. CDP provides extensive collaborative
resources and solutions to support institutional staff as they begin or broaden their
digitization projects. By partnering with BCR, the institution will have access to
digitization and digital projects training, digital project management, best practices,
teacher solutions and special projects tools.
Relevant Website Content:
Digital Toolkit <http://www.bcr.org/cdp/digitaltb/index.html>
Includes a set of tools designed to assist digitization projects such as:
-Digital Training (In person seminar)
-Digital Imaging version 1 & 2 (PDF document)
-Dublin Core Metadata (PDF document)
-Digital Audio (PDF document)
In addition to the Best Practice documents noted above, CDP has compiled an extensive
list of publications for use and review. These publications describe some of CDP’s
digital projects as well as scholarly studies of the digital environment including users,
technology, access and stewardship. Also included in the publications section are a
selection of presentations authored by BCR’s CDP staff and presented at relevant
conferences and meetings.
9) Canadian Council of Archives: Digitization and Archives
<http://www.cdncouncilarchives.ca/digitization_en.pdf>
English/Français
Best for Canadian Archival Institutions Currently Engaged in a Digitization Program.
Abstract:
The Canadian Council of Archives through its Committees and special contracts has
released an array of publications. These publications assist archivists in their work by
providing information on the latest development of archival standards, preservation and
policy issues.
Relevant Website Content:
I-Declaration of Principles Concerning the Relationship of Digitization
to Preservation of Archival Records
The Preservation Committee of the Canadian Council of Archives supports the following
principles as a guide to the development of digitization programs in archives:
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1. Digitization encourages preservation by limiting the handling of original
records.
2. Digitization is, above all, part of an access strategy.
3. The process of digitization must not place original records at risk of damage
from handling or use.
4. The establishment of a digitization service must not violate the physical or
intellectual rights (property rights, copyright or privacy) of persons.
5. Digitization must strive to preserve to the greatest extent possible the
authenticity and integrity of the original information. Digital enhancements may
be performed on copies to improve access, but an “authentic” unaltered version
(the original analog document or a digital version) must always be kept.
6. The institution must define clear objectives (access, or a combination of access
and preservation) before implementing a digitization program.
7. Records should be chosen for digitization only after a careful selection process.
They must meet project objectives, not present legal constraints, be capable of
being digitized and match available resources.
8. The technological approach to digitization must satisfy project objectives and
must accommodate the characteristics of the records.
9. Search tools are an essential part of a digitization project and must meet the
needs of users.
10. Since digital information is at risk of loss due to technological obsolescence
(physical supports, logical formats, as well as software for searching and
displaying the information), institutions embarking on a program for the long-
term preservation of digital records must be aware of these dangers, the
complexity of such a program, and the costs that are implied2.
11. Institutions must not neglect other activities when allocating resources for the
establishment and maintenance of a digitization service.
12. The impact of a digitization program on the institution’s other public service
activities (research room use, orders for copies, etc.) must be considered as a
factor of informed decision-making.
13. Realizing the costs and complexities inherent in the development of a
digitization program, institutions should try to share resources (financial, material,
human) and collaborate with others, where possible.
II-Decision Tree for Digitization Projects
This decision tree is meant to assist archivists in identifying records for digitization
projects by reviewing fundamental issues:
-first, that project objectives are clear and lead to identifying and obtaining
the technology and resources necessary to achieve project goals;
-secondly, that the long-term costs of a digitization capacity must be
maintained and supported by the institution and its parent organization.
This document addresses the steps in a digitization project at a macro-level. To resolve
technical issues at a higher level of detail, the reader is provided with a list of references
for further reading. The reader will note that this document describes the management of
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digitization by “project”. The characteristics of records, the objectives possible and the
means to reach them are so diverse that specific solutions are difficult to predict.
10) The InterPARES Project I II III
<http://www.interpares.org/>
Best for Digital Creator and Preserver Guidelines
Abstract:
The InterPARES project aims at developing the knowledge essential to the long-term
preservation of authentic records created and/or maintained in digital form and providing
the basis for standards, policies, strategies and plans of action capable of ensuring the
longevity of such material and the ability of its users to trust its authenticity. NARA has
employed the findings of InterPARES in their Electronic Recrods Archive (ERA) digital
repository system.
Relevant Website Content:
The InterPARES website contains a wealth of information about digitization standards
for many different media formats. Much like the guidelines proposed by NARA, a great
deal of this information presupposes some background in library science, digital
information management, and archival theory. Each phase of InterPARES has a large
project dissemination section for further research. There are, however, two easily
accessible PDF booklets worth mentioning:
I-Creator Guidelines: Making and Maintaining Digital Materials, Guidelines for
Individuals.
<http://www.interpares.org/display_file.cfm?doc=ip2(pub)creator_guidelines_booklet.pd
f>
II-Preserver Guidelines: Preserving Digital Records, Guidelines for Organizations.
<http://www.interpares.org/display_file.cfm?doc=ip2(pub)preserver_guidelines_booklet.
pdf>
11) The Paradigm Project
http://www.paradigm.ac.uk/index.html
Best for Public Programming on Digitization Standards
Abstract:
The Personal Archives Accessible in Digital Media (paradigm) project saw the major
research libraries of the Universities of Oxford and Manchester come together to explore
the issues involved in preserving digital private papers through gaining practical
experience in accessioning and ingesting digital private papers into digital repositories,
and processing these in line with archival and digital preservation requirements.
Relevant Website Content:
Workbook on Digital Private Papers.
<http://www.paradigm.ac.uk/workbook/index.html>
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This workbook is unique in that as it seeks to address many of the problems inherent in
the digitization of materials before they ever reach a library or archives. Most digitization
standards referenced within this workbook can be found in the websites above.
Additional Websites Reviewed
13) North Carolina Exploring Cultural Heritage Online (NCECHO)
<http://www.ncecho.org/>
Abstract:
NCECHO strives to provide a full range of metadata initiatives to address the variety of
institutions and materials in the cultural institutions that form its partnership. The
initiatives include: North Carolina Dublin Core, NC ECHO Preservation Metadata for
Digital Objects, North Carolina Encoded Archival Description, North Carolina Encoded
Archival Context, and North Carolina Museums Council Metadata Working Group.
Relevant Website Content:
NCECHO Guidelines for Digitization 2007 Revised Edition (HTML and PDF versions)
<http://www.ncecho.org/dig/digguidelines.shtml>
As technology development creates new techniques, processes and concerns, the
NCECHO Guidelines for Digitization are revised to represent timely advice. If more
extensive information is needed, there are links to national and international digitization
literature at the end of each chapter. A resources section at the end of the guidelines
groups all documents and links in one place for easy access. Chapters include information
on Project Planning, Legal Considerations, Digital Production, Metadata, Digital
Preservation, and Project Management among various other topics.
14) The Northeast Document Conservation Centre (NEDCC)
<http://nedcc.org/home.php>
Abstract:
NEDCC seeks to provide preservation information to museums, libraries, archives,
historical organizations, and other cultural institutions, as well as to private individuals.
Although focusing primarily on analogue or paper-based records, NEDCC also provides
a number of guidelines and best practices for digital records.
Relevant Website Content:
I-Print Publications
The publications assist institutions in planning for the preservation of their collections by
providing the building blocks necessary to develop a preservation plan for library and
archival materials, training for collections care and maintenance, and guidance for
creating and managing digital assets.
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Handbook for Digital Projects: A Management Tool for Preservation & Access
A primer on managing digital conversion projects for libraries, museums, archives, and
other collection-holding institutions.
<http://nedcc.org/resources/digitalhandbook/dman.pdf>
II-Preservation toolkits
These toolkits have been developed by NEDCC in collaboration with other regional
preservation centers and colleagues to provide ready-to-use information on various topics
to augment professional development efforts.
Stewardship of Digital Assets tool kit
This toolkit gathers important information on the issues relevant to digital preservation
that were covered in the workshop. This information will introduce users to the broad
spectrum of considerations, assist them in developing an understanding of where the
institution stands in the process, and help develop a written plan for digital preservation.
<http://nedcc.org/resources/sodatools.php>
15) Ohio Memory Project
<http://www.ohiomemory.org/index.html>
*Outdated, dead Url links, and very limited digitization information*
16) New Jersey Digital Highway: A Portal for Librarians and Curators
<http://www.njdigitalhighway.org/librarians.php>
Abstract:
The New Jersey Digital Highway employs an interactive collections roadmap to assist in
digital initiative planning. Roadmap icons include: Selecting Collections, Digitizing
Collections, Creating Metadata, Sharing with Users, Sharing with Other Organizations
and Evaluation.
Relevant Website Content:
I-NJDH Digital Imaging Specifications
<http://www.njdigitalhighway.org/image_requirements_libr.php>
- Archived Digital Images: Color Photos/Documents, B/W or Graytone
Photos/documents, B/W Pure Text, Additional Considerations - the 3,000-pixel rule.
- Web Presentation Images.
II-Digitizing Multi-Page Documents and Books
<http://www.njdigitalhighway.org/multipage_requirements_libr.php>
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17) Imaging Pittsburgh Project - Image Quality Guidelines
<http://images.library.pitt.edu/i/imls/docs/guidelines/Image_Quality.pdf>
Abstract & Relevant Website Content:
A concise one-page overview of standards for “master” archival digital images.
Includes standards for image resolution and colour bit depth.
18) RLG Descriptive Metadata Guidelines for Materials
<http://www.rlg.org/en/pdfs/RLG_desc_metadata.pdf>
Abstract:
RLG is a global partnership of research libraries, archives, museums, and other cultural
memory institutions. To ensure that the digital collections submitted to RLG Cultural
Materials can be discovered and understood, RLG has compiled these Descriptive
Metadata Guidelines for contributors. While these guidelines reflect the needs of one
particular service, they also represent a case study in information sharing across
community and national boundaries.
Relevant Website Content:
-Terminology
-Data Field & Structure Guidelines
-Data Content & Value Guidelines
-Data Format Guidelines
-Core Descriptive Fields
-Data Conversion
19) The British Columbia Digital Library
<http://www.bcdlib.tc.ca/tools.html>
Abstract and Relevant Website Content:
Various links to E-References Services.
*Multiple dead Url links and no site-specific digitization standards to speak of*
20) Nationaal Archief European Commission on Preservation and Access: Gateway
for Resources and Information on Preservation (GRIP)
<http://www.knaw.nl/ecpa/grip/>
Literary database only.
Abstract:
GRIP is a joint project of Nationaal Archief (the National Archives of the Netherlands)
and the European Commission on Preservation and Access (ECPA). GRIP is maintained
by a team consisting of staff of National Archief (the National Archives of the
Netherlands), the Scientific Advisory Committee of the ECPA, and the ECPA Secretariat.
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GRIP is a fully searchable database of information on preservation of the documentary
heritage. It contains selected and annotated references to literature on preservation-related
topics, links to websites, projects, organizations and discussion groups.
GRIP presents a core of accessible and recent materials selected by project members and
provides an introduction to a great many aspects of preservation. The database can be
searched by category, keywords (descriptors) and free search.
Relevant Website Content:
Grip Searching: Pre-defined Topic Search includes:
Digital Preservation, General Resources, Digital Resources, Emulation, Migration,
Copyright, Metadata, Digital Reformatting/Digitization.
21) Digital Library Federation (DLF)
<http://www.diglib.org/standards/bmarkfin.htm>
Abstract:
This document defines a minimum benchmark for digital reproductions of printed
monographs and serials. The benchmark grew out of DLF's investigation into the need
for and functional specification of a registry of information about the monographs and
serials that have been digitally reformatted.
This benchmark has been prepared and endorsed by the DLF to document the minimum
characteristics of digital reproductions to ensure usability, persistence and
interoperability. One important objective is to define baseline levels of quality that would
minimize or eliminate the need to digitize a work more than once.
Relevant Website Content:
Benchmark for Faithful Digital Reproductions of Monographs and Serials: Minimum
Benchmarks for Page Masters
Black and white
For text, and may also be used for
line drawings, de-screened halftones.
600 dpi, 1-bit or bitonal TIFF images
Images must be sized and saved at 1:1 scale to the dimensions of the original page.
Images must be saved uncompressed or with lossless compression. Where images are
compressed they must be made available in the Group 4 (ITU-T6) format. The images
may be interpolated from 400 optical dpi 8-bit images.
Grayscale
For covers and illustrations printed in black and white.
Recommended, but not required.
300 dpi, 8-bit grayscale uncompressed TIFF, or lossless compressed image (e.g.
LZW, JPEG2000). Images must be sized and saved at 1:1 scale to the dimensions of the
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original page.The dpi specification will relate directly to the font-size and page
dimensions of the original source document, and to local definitions of legibility and
fidelity. In many cases, 400 dpi will be preferred. Where larger pages are concerned, the
lower dpi specification may be required.
Color
For covers, and meaningful text or illustrations printed in color. Recommended, but not
required.
300 dpi, 24-bit color uncompressed TIFF, or lossless compressed images (e.g. LZW,
JPEG2000). Images must be sized and saved at 1:1 scale to the dimensions of the
original page.RGB and YCC are the recommended color spaces for masters, particularly
when only one master version is produced.The dpi specification will relate directly to the
font-size and page dimensions of the original source document, and to local definitions of
legibility and fidelity. It may also relate to the perceived artifactual value of the source
object or the extent to which its physical characteristics such as foxing, etc., are perceived
of as conveying some important information or meaning.
22) Cyber Drive Illinois: Illinois State Library Digital Imaging Program
<http://www.cyberdriveillinois.com/departments/library/who_we_are/bestpractices.html>
Abstract:
The success of a project is generally in proportion to the time spent in planning the
project. Digital imaging projects are complex, time-consuming, and costly. To help you
avoid some of the pitfalls here are some recommendations and resources for planning a
digital imaging project.
Relevant Website Content:
Archival images:
-File saved in uncompressed TIFF format
-Printed black & white text or maps: bitonal, 600 ppi
-Black & white photographs: 8-12 bit grayscale or 24-36 bit color, 300-600 ppi
-Color photographs, manuscripts: 24-36 bit color, 300-600 ppi
Access images:
-File saved in JPEG format, with medium quality compression
-150 ppi
-1024 pixels in length
Thumbnail images:
-File saved in Compuserve GIF format
-72 ppi
-150-200 pixels in length
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