American History CP - Chapter 10

Name:_____________________ Gaccione – American History CP [Page 1] Chapter 10 Test Review 4.18 1) David Wilmot and the Wilmot Proviso – David is a democratic congressman from Pennsylvania whose proposal, the Wilmot Proviso, proposed that slavery should be made illegal. a. Reason southerners opposed it – Because “slaves were property” protected by the U.S. Constitution 2) The Compromise of 1850 a. Proposed by Henry Clay, main: [John C. Calhoun/Henry Clay vs. Daniel Webster] to settle the argument about slavery i. California remains free. ii. Utah/Mexico get popular sovereignty to decide slave laws iii. Texas-Mexico border is resolved [Texas paid $10,000,000 via federal government] iv. D.C. bans slave trading, but not slavery itself. v. Tougher fugitive slave laws. 3) Popular Sovereignty – where residents of a region decide the laws for themselves [ex: see 4, ii] 4) Underground Railroad – secret network which slaves used to escape slavery a. Harriet Tubman – most famous conductor of it. Born a slave in 1820/1. Became very strong, escaped her owner in 1849. Bounty on her head was $40,000. She never let herself or her people get captured. Was called “moses.” 2) Uncle Tom’s Cabin – her very melodramatic novel about slavery which sold more than 1,000,000 copies and stirred people. 5) Stephen Douglas – Senator who helped steer compromise to victory, and considered most responsible for resurrecting the issue of slavery. a. Kansas-Nebraska Act – Divide territory into Nebraska north, Kansas south, and give popular sovereignty to the entire region. Caused a lot of debate and towards 1854, people looked west. i. Motives for Proposing Kansas-Nebraska Act 1. Wanted a railroad to be constructed between Chicago and San Francisco as opposed to what southerners wanted, Memphis/New Orleans to San Francisco. 2. Wanted western lands incorporated into the Union. 3. Wanted Popular Sovereignty in Nebraska too. a. Believed popular sovereignty was the democratic way to resolve the slavery issue. 6) Border Ruffians – people from Missouri led by Senator David Atchison to illegally vote in the Kansas election. 7) John Brown – antislavery fanatic who believed that God told him to fight slavery. Mistakenly believing that in the Sack of Lawrence 5 men died, he attacked the proslavery settlement of Pottawatomie Creek. b. The Pottawatomie Massacre – 200 people died, and it triggered dozens of Kansas fights. Caused people to live in fear. i. Bleeding Kansas – Result of the massacre. Kansas becomes a violent battlefield of civil war. 8) Brooks vs Sumner – Sumner makes fun of Brooks’s proslavery and inability to express himself. Brooks decides to go to his desk and smash him with a cane until it broke. Sumner doesn’t return to office for another 3 years. 9) Nativism – A doctrine of the American Party where natives are favored over immigrants. a. Know-nothing Party – [1854] American Party was renamed this, and they edged towards the Republican Party. 2) Free Soil Party – [1848] opposed slavery in the West, chose Martin Van Buren (former Democratic President). 10% of the people voted for their antislavery views, showing that some Northerners opposed the extension of slavery to the West. 3) Republican Party – Formed July 6, 1854. Believed in antislavery, merged with Free Soil Party and some of the Whigs and Democrats. Some believed in prohibiting the sale of liquor. 1) Dred Scott – a Slave brought into free lands, thought he was free, then went back to a slave state and became a slave again. He was pissed. Name:_____________________ a. Gaccione – American History CP [Page 2] 2) 3) 4) 5) Roger Taney – The Supreme Court Justice of the time. [~1857] i. Dred Scott vs Stanford – Scott sued his owner, but it was rules that slaves were not citizens and they don’t have right to trial. For the first time, they declared the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional. [next is Marbury v. Madison of 1803.] Lincoln-Douglas Debates – Lincoln challenged Douglas for the US Senate seat in a series of seven debates. Lincoln is tall, simple and straightforward. Douglas, is thick, smart, short and energetic. It was quite a spectacle for everyone. a. Lincoln’s Views on Slavery – Slavery is immoral as it is a system based on greed for wealth and power. Although Douglas agrees, he doesn’t agree with the method for ridding of it [popular sovereignty]. b. Douglas’ Freeport Doctrine – Douglas wins with the popular sovereignty ruling and gets the Senate, but Lincoln looks like a great candidate for presidency. John Brown’s Raid on Harpers Ferry – He led 18 men to start a slave uprising at the Ferry in Virginia in 1859. a. Robert E. Lee – Killed 8 of John Brown’s men and captured him. John Brown is hung publicly. Presidential Election, 1860 a. Candidates i. Republican: Abraham Lincoln ii. North Democratic: Douglas iii. South Democratic: John C. Breckinridge iv. Constitutional Union: John Bell b. Issues – Popular Sovereignty c. Outcome – Lincoln won, although the South was hostile towards his victory. Confederate States of America (CSA) – 7 Southern States broke off from the Union in 1861 at an Alabama assembly, and formed a new nation. a. Jefferson Davis – the President that all the confederates unanimously chose.