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2008 Nonfatal Occupational Injuries
and Illnesses, Private Industry
Case and Demographics
November 24, 2009
Number of injuries and illnesses with days away from work,
2003-2008
1,400,000
1,200,000
407,610
408,400 394,090
1,000,000 380,440 349,450 Goods-producing
311,890 Service-providing
800,000 Total cases with days
away from work
2003: 1,315,920
600,000 2004: 1,259,320
2005: 1,234,680
2006: 1,183,500
908,310
850,930 840,580 2007: 1,158,870
400,000 803,060 809,420
766,250 2008: 1,078,140
200,000
0
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
In 2008, injuries and illnesses with days away from work declined 7.0 percent, the largest decline since 2003. Injuries and illnesses for goods-producing
industries declined by 10.7 percent, while in service-providing industries they declined by 5.3 percent.
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses, cases involving days away from work. Chart 1
Percent change in incidence rate of injuries and illnesses
by selected events and exposures, 2007-2008
Below average
improvement Above average improvement
Assaults by animals
Repetitive motion
Exposure to harmful substances
All other assaults
Fall to lower level
Highway accident
Transportation accident
Caught in object
Total object contact
Total assaults
Struck against object
Slips or trips
Overexertion in lifting
All events or exposures, -7.3%
Struck by object
Fall on same level
Total overexertion
0 -10.0 -20.0 -30.0
Percent change
No major category of events or exposures increased from 2007 to 2008. Assaults by animals fell by 25.0 percent, repetitive motion injuries fell by 17.9 percent,
and exposure to harmful substances fell by 14.3 percent. Struck by object, falls on same level, and total overexertion injuries declined by less than the average.
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses, cases involving days away from work. Chart 2
Occupations with 18,000 or more injuries
and illnesses, 2005-2008
100,000
80,000
60,000 2005
2006
2007
2008
40,000
20,000
0
These occupations had 18,000 or more injuries and illnesses with days away from work in 2008. Construction laborers, retail salespersons, janitors and
cleaners, light or delivery truck drivers, general maintenance and repair workers, registered nurses, and carpenters all had declines in the number of cases. The
other occupations were statistically unchanged from 2007.
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses, cases involving days away from work. Chart 3
Number and incidence rate for occupations with
18,000 or more injuries and illnesses, 2008
Laborers and freight, stock, and
79,590 440
material movers
Heavy and tractor-trailer
57,700 truck drivers 362
Nursing aides, orderlies, and
44,610 449
attendants
31,310 Construction laborers 383
28,900 Retail salespersons 90
28,110 Janitors and cleaners 243
Light or delivery service
28,040 truck drivers 324
General maintenance and
20,800 repair workers 213
19,070 Registered nurses 114
Maids and housekeeping
18,650 cleaners 278
Number of cases
(Total = 1,078,140) 18,160 Carpenters 236
Days-away-from-work rate
(Private industry rate = 113) 18,020 Stock clerks and order fillers 130
80,000 60,000 40,000 20,000 0 0 100 200 300 400 500
Number of cases Rate per 10,000 full-time workers
In 2008, laborers and freight, stock, and material movers had the most cases with days away from work, and a rate of injury or illness of 440 per
10,000 full-time cases. Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants; truck drivers, both heavy and light; and construction laborers also all had very
high rates of injuries and illnesses.
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses, cases involving days away from work. Chart 4
Incidence rate and number of injuries and illnesses
for occupations with high incidence rates, 2008
Nursing aides, orderlies,
449 44,610
and attendants
Laborers and freight, stock,
440 and material movers 79,590
Emergency medical
387 technicians and paramedics 4,560
383 Construction laborers 31,310
Heavy and tractor-trailer
362 truck drivers 57,700
Reservation and transportation
354 ticket agents and travel clerks 4,920
349 Roofers 3,400
331 Cooks, institution and cafeteria 5,510
Light or delivery service
324 28,040
truck drivers
Industrial machinery
300 7,820
mechanics
Food servers, nonrestaurant Days-away-from-work rate
298 3,470
(Private industry rate = 113)
Welders, cutters, solderers, Number of cases
292 and brazers 10,870
(Total = 1,078,140)
500 400 300 200 100 0 0 20,000 40,000 60,000 80,000
Rate per 10,000 full-time workers Number of cases
These twelve occupations have at least 1/10 of one percent of employment and an incidence rate that was two and one-half times the average or greater.
Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants, and laborers and freight, stock and material movers both had the highest rates statistically. Emergency medical
technicians and paramedics had a very high rate of injuries and illnesses, but a smaller number of cases.
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses, cases involving days away from work. Chart 5
Injuries and illnesses and employment
by industry domain, 2008
Goods-producing
20%
Goods-producing
29%
Service-providing
71% Service-providing
80%
Injuries and illnesses with Days-away-from-work rate: Employment
days away from work Goods-producing: 140 (BLS Quarterly Census of
(Total cases = 1,078,140) Service-providing: 105 Employment and Wages)
In 2008, goods-producing industries made up 20 percent of private industry employment but accounted for 29 percent of injuries and illnesses with days away
from work. Service-providing industries made up 80 percent of employment and 71 percent of injuries and illnesses.
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses, cases involving days away from work. Chart 6
Injuries and illnesses and employment
by gender of worker, 2008
Women
Women
36%
42%
Men
58%
Men
64%
Injuries and illnesses with Days-away-from-work rate: Hours worked
days away from work Men: 125 (Current Population Survey,
(Total cases = 1,078,140) Women: 97 Private Wage and Salary Workers)
Almost two-thirds of injured or ill workers were men in 2008, above their 58 percent share of the total hours worked.
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses, cases involving days away from work. Chart 7
Number of injuries and illnesses and percentage of cases
involving Hispanic or Latino workers by industry, 2008
31,810 Trade, transportation, 17.4
and utilities
25,360 Construction 25.7
25,090 Manufacturing 19.8
16,860 Professional business services 28.8
14,730 Education and health services 12.0
12,850 Leisure and hospitality 23.0
9,110 Natural resources and mining 49.2
5,310 Financial activities 22.8
3,960 Other services 17.3
810 Information 10.7
40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 0 0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0
Cases involving Hispanic or Latino workers Percent of cases
(where race or ethnicity is reported)
In 2008, there were 145,870 injuries and illnesses among Hispanic or Latino workers. Hispanic or Latino workers made up 20 percent of
injuries and illnesses where race or ethnicity was reported. They suffered 49 percent of injuries and illnesses in natural resources, and 26 percent in
construction. Race and ethnicity is not reported in nearly one-third of all cases.
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses, cases involving days away from work. Chart 8
Median days away from work due to injuries and illnesses
and incidence rate by age of worker, 2008
15 65 and older 102
12 55 to 64 years 117
10 45 to 54 years 117
9 35 to 44 years 111
6 25 to 34 years 109
5 119
20 to 24 years
Median days away from work
(Private industry median days= 8)
Days-away-from-work rate 4 16 to 19 years 116
(Private industry rate = 113)
20 15 10 5 0 0 50 100 150
Median days away from work Rate per 10,000 full-time workers
Median days away from work is a key measure of severity of injuries and illnesses. Injuries and illnesses become more severe as age
increases, requiring 4 days away from work for workers aged 16 to 19 to 15 days for those workers 65 years old and older. The rate of injuries to workers 65
and older increased by 6.4 percent. The rate for all other groups declined.
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses, cases involving days away from work. Chart 9
Injury and illness topology
Nature of Part of
disabling A nursing aide body
condition affected
sprains her back
from
overexertion
while lifting a Source
Event or patient. directly
exposure producing
disability
Each injury or illness is described from four viewpoints.
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses, cases involving days away from work. Chart 10
Distribution of injuries and illnesses by nature, 2008
All other natures 16.6%
Tendonitis 0.4%
Chemical burns 0.5%
Amputations 0.6%
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome 0.9%
Sprain, Strains
Heat burns 1.4%
38.6%
Back pain, hurt back only
3.4%
Multiple traumatic injuries
4.1%
Soreness, Pain, Except Back
7.1%
Fractures
8.3%
Cuts, lacerations, and punctures
Bruises, contusions 9.3%
8.7%
Sprains and strains continue to be the most frequent nature of injury and illness. In 2008, there were 416,620 cases, making up 38.6 percent of all cases.
Fractures, a very serious injury, accounted for 8.3 percent of all cases.
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses, cases involving days away from work. Chart 11
Sprains and strains by event or exposure and part of body, 2008
Contact with
object,
equipment
6.9%
Fall to lower
level
4.6%
All other
All other Fall on same 27.1%
25.8% level Back
11.1% 40.2%
Slips, trips
6.9%
Ankle
8.7%
Overexertion
44.8% Knee
12.4% Shoulder
11.7%
Days-away-from-work cases = 1,078,140
Total sprains and strains = 416,620
Sprains and strains by event Sprains and strains by
part of body
Sprains and strains made up nearly 4 out of 10 injuries. Overexertion was a common event causing this. Most of these cases affected the back.
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses, cases involving days away from work. Chart 12
Median days away from work and incidence rate due to
injuries and illnesses by nature, 2008
28 Fractures 9
28 Carpal tunnel syndrome 1
26 Amputations 1
11 Tendonitis 0
9 Soreness, pain, except back 8
9 Sprain, strains 44
9 Total multiple trauma 5
7 All other natures 19
6 Heat burns 2
6 Back pain, hurt back only 4
4 Bruises 10
Median days away from work
(Private industry median days= 8) Cuts, lacerations, and
3 11
punctures
Days-away-from-work rate
(Private industry rate = 113) 3 Chemical burns 1
35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 20 40 60
Median days away from work Rate per 10,000 full-time workers
In 2008, fractures and carpal tunnel syndrome were the most severe natures of injury and illness, with median days of 28 days away from work to recover.
Amputations had 26 days away from work to recover.
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses, cases involving days away from work. Chart 13
Distribution of injuries and illnesses by part of body, 2008
All other parts 0.9%
Body systems 1.5%
Neck 1.5%
Head 6.8% Back
20.6%
Multiple body parts
10.4%
Trunk, except back
13.4%
Lower extremities
22.3%
Upper extremities
22.6%
Upper extremities, lower extremities, and back each account for more than one-fifth of all injuries and illnesses.
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses, cases involving days away from work. Chart 14
Median days away from work and incidence rate due to
injuries and illnesses by part of body, 2008
20 Shoulder 8
15 Knee 10
14 Wrist 5
Lower
11 25
extremities
10 Trunk 39
10 Arm 5
9 Multiple parts 12
8 Ankle 6
7 Back 23
Upper
7 26
extremities
7 Foot, toe 5
6 Neck 2
6 Hand 4
Median days away from work 5 Finger 10
(Private industry median days= 8)
2 Head 8
Days-away-from-work rate
(Private industry rate = 113) 2 Eyes 3
25 20 15 10 5 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Median days away from work Rate per 10,000 full-time workers
Injuries and illnesses that affect the shoulder take the most time to recover, with a median of 20 days, followed by the knee (15 days) and wrist (14 days). The
median for all injuries and illnesses was 8 days away from work.
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses, cases involving days away from work. Chart 15
Distribution of injuries and illnesses by source, 2008
All other
15.0%
Floors, walkways, and ground surfaces
20.2%
Chemicals 1.4%
Furniture 3.9%
Health care patient
4.6%
Worker motion or position
Hand tools 13.9%
4.7%
Machinery
6.0%
Vehicles Containers
8.5% 12.1%
Parts and materials
9.9%
Four sources accounted for more than half of all nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses that resulted in days way from work: floors, walkways, and ground
surfaces with 20.2 percent; worker motion or position with 13.9 percent; containers with 12.1 percent; and parts and materials with 9.9 percent.
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses, cases involving days away from work. Chart 16
Median days away from work and incidence rate due to
injuries and illnesses by source, 2008
Floors, walkways,
11 23
and ground surfaces
10 Worker motion or position 16
10 Vehicles 10
9 Containers 14
9 Machinery 7
7 Parts and materials 11
6 Health care patient 5
5 Furniture and fixtures 4
4 Hand tools 5
Median days away from work
(Private industry median days= 8)
Chemicals and chemical
Days-away-from-work rate 3 2
products
(Private industry rate = 113)
15 10 5 0 0 5 10 15 20 25
Median days away from work Rate per 10,000 full-time workers
Floors, walkways, and ground surfaces has both a high median days away from work, at 11, and a rate of 23 injuries and illnesses per 10,000 full-time workers.
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses, cases involving days away from work. Chart 17
Distribution of injuries and illnesses by event or exposure, 2008
Contact with objects and equipment
27.1%
Bodily reaction and exertion
38.6%
Other events 1.5%
Fires and explosions 0.2% Falls
21.8%
Assaults and violent acts 2.1%
Exposure to harmful substances 4.2%
Transportation accidents 4.5%
Nearly nine out of ten injuries and illnesses resulted from three events: bodily reaction and exertion, contact with objects and equipment, and falls.
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses, cases involving days away from work. Chart 18
Bodily reaction and exertion by occupation group
and part of body, 2008
Service
22.0%
All other
All other
occupation
parts
groups Back
31.6%
34.7% 41.2%
Transporta-
tion and
material
moving
21.2% Wrist
5.7%
Knee
Construction Production 9.7% Shoulder
and 12.6% Days-away-from-work cases = 1,078,140 11.8%
extraction
9.5% Total, bodily reaction
and exertion = 415,690
Bodily reaction and exertion Bodily reaction and exertion
by occupation group by part of body
Bodily reaction and exertion cases made up 38.6 percent of all cases involving days away from work. These cases most often resulted in injuries to the back
and frequently affected workers in service occupations and transportation and material moving occupations.
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses, cases involving days away from work. Chart 19
Median days away from work and incidence rate due to
injuries and illnesses by event or exposure, 2008
18 Repetitive motion 3
15 Fall to lower level 7
12 Transportation accident 5
10 Fall on same level 17
Slips, trips, loss of balance
10 4
without fall
10 Overexertion in lifting 14
9 Caught in object, equipment, 5
or materials
7 Fires and explosions 0
6 Assaults by person 2
5 Struck by object 16
Median days away from work
(Private industry median days= 8) 5 Struck against object 7
Days-away-from-work rate
Exposed to harmful
(Private industry rate = 113) 3 5
substance
20 15 10 5 0 0 5 10 15 20 25
Median days away from work Rate per 10,000 full-time workers
In 2008, repetitive motion injuries took the longest time to recuperate, with a median of 18 days away from work. The rate of these injuries is relatively low.
Falls on same level have a high rate of injuries and illnesses and also require more time to recuperate than the median for all injuries.
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses, cases involving days away from work. Chart 20
Number of musculoskeletal disorders, 2003-2008
500,000
450,000 435,180 cases
402,700 cases
400,000
375,540 cases
357,160 cases
350,000 335,390 cases
317,440 cases
300,000
250,000
200,000
33.1% 32.0% 30.4% 30.2% 28.9% 29.4%
of total of total of total of total of total of total
150,000 cases cases cases cases cases cases
100,000
50,000
0
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
From 2007 to 2008, the number of musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) declined by 5.4 percent . MSDs accounted for 29.4% of total cases., a small increase in
the proportion of cases from 2007. The rate of MSDs in 2008 was 33.4 per 10,000 full-time workers, a decline of 5.6 percent from 2007.
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses, cases involving days away from work. Chart 21
Distribution of musculoskeletal disorders
by nature of injury or illness, 2008
Sprains, strains, tears
74.4%
Soreness, pain, hurt,
except the back 7.9%
Back pain, hurt back 7.1%
Hernia 5.0%
Carpal tunnel syndrome 3.2%
Tendonitis 1.0% Musculoskeletal system and connective tissue
diseases and disorders, except tendonitis 1.4%
Three out of four musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) are from a sprain, strain, or tear. Hernias of various types make up 5 percent of MSDs, and carpal tunnel
syndrome accounts for 3.2 percent.
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses, cases involving days away from work. Chart 22
Incidence rate and number of injuries and illnesses due to
musculoskeletal disorders by selected occupations, 2008
Nursing aides, orderlies,
232 and attendants 23,030
Emergency medical technicians
228 2,690
and paramedics
Reservation and transportation
157 2,180
ticket agents and travel clerks
148 Laborers and freight, stock, and 26,720
material movers
Light or delivery service
113 9,790
truck drivers
101 Industrial machinery 2,630
mechanics
Heavy and tractor-trailer
90 14,360
truck drivers
Maids and housekeeping
88 5,870
cleaners
87 Construction laborers 7,090
Cooks, institution and
84 1,390
cafeteria
Days-away-from-work MSD rate
(Private industry MSD rate = 33) 79 Janitors and cleaners 9,110
Number of MSD cases
(Total = 317,440) 76 Driver/sales workers 2,760
300 200 100 0 0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000
Rate per 10,000 full-time workers Number of cases
These twelve occupations have at least 1/10 of one percent of employment and an incidence rate of musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) that was higher than 75
per 10,000 full-time workers. Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants, and emergency medical technicians and paramedics had the highest rates of MSDs in
2008. Nursing aides also had the second highest number of MSD cases in this group, behind laborers and freight, stock, and material movers.
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses, cases involving days away from work. Chart 23
