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Managing the Cost of ESD
Understanding the Value
Lisa Fay Matthiessen
Cost and Value of ESD
Knowledgebase
Davis Langdon Knowledgebase
Over 800 recent projects
Over 60 projects actively pursuing LEED
Data collected:
Cost data
Control quantities
Descriptors (location, design intent,
program, etc)
LEED checklist
DAVIS LANGDON
Cost and Value of ESD
Cost Analysis – Similar Buildings
Of projects actively seeking LEED, 46
in three program categories:
• Libraries
• Laboratories
• Academic Buildings
94 Control (non-LEED) projects
Normalized for time & market location
DAVIS LANGDON
Cost and Value of ESD
Cost Analysis: Similar Programs - Libraries
$0/SF $50/SF $100/SF $150/SF $200/SF $250/SF $300/SF $350/SF $400/SF
DAVIS LANGDON
Cost and Value of ESD
Cost Analysis: Similar Programs - Libraries
$0/SF $50/SF $100/SF $150/SF $200/SF $250/SF $300/SF $350/SF $400/SF
DAVIS LANGDON
Cost and Value of ESD
Cost Analysis: Similar Programs - Libraries
$0/SF $50/SF $100/SF $150/SF $200/SF $250/SF $300/SF $350/SF $400/SF
DAVIS LANGDON
Cost and Value of ESD
Cost Analysis: Similar Programs – Branch Libraries
$0/SF $50/SF $100/SF $150/SF $200/SF $250/SF $300/SF $350/SF
DAVIS LANGDON
Cost and Value of ESD
Construction Cost Analysis : Conclusions
• No statistically significant difference between LEED-seeking
and non-LEED average costs for similar program types
• Most people can build LEED within the available funds
DAVIS LANGDON
Cost and Value of ESD
Green Building Study
An in principle view of improving "business as usual" commercial buildings to achieve Green Star ratings
5 Star no.1 5 Star no.2 4 Star no.1
$/m2 for $/m2 for $/m2 for
Points Points Points Points
Category Available Achieved
Points
Achieved
Points
Achieved
Points
Achieved Achieved Achieved
Management 12 9.2 4 9.2 4 9.2 4
Indoor Environment Quality 27 11.9 195 9.6 8 8.1 1
Energy 24 12.5 80 11.5 100 9.4 -
Transport 11 9.1 11 9.1 11 6.4 -
Water 13 9.2 3 11.5 8 8.1 3
Materials 20 4.5 5 4.5 5 4.0 -
Land Use & Ecology 8 1.3 - 1.3 - 1.3 -
Emissions 14 3.2 14 3.6 28 2.1 6
Innovation 5 0 0 0
OVERALL WEIGHTED SCORE: 61 60 49
Total Cost per m2 (GFA) to achieve score $ 312 $ 164 $ 14
% increase 11.14% 5.84% 0.49%
$/m2 of NLA $ 371 $ 195 $ 16
$ rent increase per m2 $ 29.70 $ 15.58 $ 1.31
DAVIS LANGDON
Cost and Value of ESD
Cost Factors
Factors that influence cost of
green
Location
Owner requirements
Intent/Values
Climate
Timing of implementation
Building size
Point synergies
Point feasibility
Procurement
Design Process
DAVIS LANGDON
Cost and Value of ESD
Cost Factors: Design Standards
Embedded points
Stormwater Management
Commissioning
Building Control System
Reclaimed Water
Lab VAV system
As Designed Embedded
Certified 0% 1.7 %
Silver 0.9 % 3.0 %
Gold 3.5 % 7.1 %
DAVIS LANGDON
Cost and Value of ESD
30
25 Available Credits
20 Embedded Credits
15
10
Total Available 129
5 Embedded 42
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5 Star Example – Office Building Melbourne CBD
DAVIS LANGDON
Cost and Value of ESD
Cost Factors: Point Synergies
IEQ 2
IEQ 1
IEQ 9
Displacement
Ventilation
Ene 2 IEQ 10
DAVIS LANGDON
Cost and Value of ESD
Design Process
Integrated Design
• Establish team goals, expectations & expertise
• Include specific goals in the Brief
• Align Budget with Brief
• Stay on track through design and construction
DAVIS LANGDON
Cost and Value of ESD
Cost Control
Sustainability is not an add-on
DAVIS LANGDON
Cost and Value of ESD
Looking beyond Capital Costs….
DAVIS LANGDON
Yearly
Item Description Net Yearly Payback IRR NPV
Energy/Water
First Cost Savings Energy Savings (in years) (rate of return) (10 years)
1
2
3
Cost and Value of ESD
Commissioning
Develop Alternate Vav Options
Decouple Ventilation From Cooling/Heating
$637,500
$250,000
$393,235
($548,677)
($105,549)
$60,417
10.0%
4.9%
-2.8%
1.16
2.37
No Payback
77.0%
39.7%
No Payback
($3,599,235)
($659,886)
$801,846
4 Displacement Ventilation At Patient Areas $157,294 $174,893 -0.9% No Payback No Payback $1,507,771
5 Daylighting Controls At Patient Towers $78,647 ($13,857) 0.7% 5.68 6.6% ($28,353)
6 Lighting Power Density Set To 1.1 W/Sf $98,309 ($57,821) 2.3% 1.70 50.7% ($348,170)
7 Lighting Power Density Set To 1.0 W/Sf $117,971 ($115,085) 4.5% 1.03 88.0% ($770,685)
8 Lighting Power Density Set To 0.9 W/Sf $137,632 ($172,430) 6.6% 0.80 114.5% ($1,193,827)
9 Viracon Ve 1-40, Clear Frit, No Overhang ($667,280) $5,110 -0.1% Deduct Deduct ($637,712)
10 Viracon Ve 1-2M, Ve 1-55 Lam. Glass, And 2'-6" Overhang $4,141,880 ($16,480) 0.9% 251.33 N/A $4,014,626
11 Viracon Vre 1-59, Dual 3' Overhangs $326,330 ($14,011) 0.7% 23.29 N/A $218,141
12 Viracon Ve 1-2M, Frit On 50% Of Glass, And 4' Overhang $241,920 ($20,769) 0.8% 11.65 -7.3% $81,547
13 Efficient Chillers $200,000 ($27,235) 1.4% 7.34 1.0% ($10,301)
14 Efficient Chillers $250,000 ($62,783) 2.5% 3.98 15.8% ($234,794)
15 Air To Air Heat Exchangers $1,137,500 $84,887 -0.2% No Payback No Payback $1,792,975
16 Air To Air Heat Exchangers $1,625,000 $84,887 -0.2% No Payback No Payback $2,280,475
17 Indirect Evaporative Cooling $5,000,000 ($50,314) 3.1% 99.38 N/A $4,611,489
18 Reduced Coil Face Velocity $1,000,000 0.3% 18.02 -13.8% $571,436
19 High Delta T At Chilled Water $0 ($7,194) 0.5% N/A N/A ($55,550)
20 Thermal Energy Storage $0 N/A N/A $0
21 Renewable Energy $3,168,000 ($54,773) 57.84 N/A $2,745,056
22 Buy Biodiesel $0 N/A N/A $0
23 Non-H C F C Refrigerants $0 N/A N/A $0
24 Measurement And Verification $100,000 ($28,622) 3.07 24.1% ($151,897)
25 Co-Gen $0 N/A N/A $0
26 Medi Energy System $0 N/A N/A $0
27 Fuel Cell $0 N/A N/A $0
28 Individual Controls $589,853 ($144,800) 4.07 15.1% ($528,255)
29 Operable Windows At Patient Rooms $393,235 2.72 28.6% ($724,872)
30 Reclaimed Water At Irrigation $0 N/A N/A ($504,085)
31 Cooling Tower Waste Water For Irrigation And Make Up Water $100,000 ($121,398) 0.82 110.8% ($837,402)
32 Mechanical Filtration Of Stormwater $75,000 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! $75,000
33 Use Non-Chemical Based Treatment At Cooling Towers $30,000 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! $30,000
34 Use Reclaimed Water For Cooling Tower, Cycle Through To Irrigation $25,000 ($327,774) 0.08 1243.9% ($2,505,985)
35 Low Flow Fixtures $0 ($9,779) N/A N/A ($75,513)
36 Capture Condensate And Use As Makeup $100,000 ($16,996) 5.88 5.7% ($31,236)
37 Additional Commissioning $85,000 ($55,868) 1.52 57.4% ($346,395)
DAVIS LANGDON
Recommendations First Cost NPV Alternatives
Cost and Value of ESD
1 As designed $637,500 ($3,599,235) 1
2 recommended $1,961,000 ($7,753,918) 1,2,5,14,24,28, 33,34,35
3 additional research $2,505,890 ($8,876,237) above, plus 7,12,19,36, 37
First cost & NPV
$10,000,000
$9,000,000
$8,000,000
$7,000,000
$6,000,000
First Cost
$5,000,000
NPV
$4,000,000
$3,000,000
$2,000,000
$1,000,000
$0
1 2 3
Light green to dark green
DAVIS LANGDON
Cost and Value of ESD
“Minimal increases in up front costs of 0 – 2% to support
green design will result in life cycle savings of 20% of
total construction costs – more than 10 times the
initial investment.”
The Costs and Financial Benefits of Green Buildings
A Report to the California Sustainable Building Task Force 2003
DAVIS LANGDON
Cost and Value of ESD
Patient care and the design of hospitals
Center for Health Care measures impact of built
design on
Staff turnover and attrition
Occupancy rates
Patient falls
Medical errors
Infection rates
DAVIS LANGDON
Cost and Value of ESD
GREEN VALUE
Green Buildings, Growing Assets
DAVIS LANGDON
Cost and Value of ESD
Comparative Analysis
Twelve case study buildings across Canada and the U.S
Detailed interviews and data gathering
Construction costs
Operating costs
Operating performance
Occupancy satisfaction
Marketing and absorption
Vacancies
Rents
Tenant inducements
DAVIS LANGDON
Cost and Value of ESD
Rent: 3 – 5% higher
Level of Absorption – 6 – 10% higher
Vacancy – 3 – 5% lower
Yield – 3 – 5% higher
DAVIS LANGDON
Cost and Value of ESD
DAVIS LANGDON
