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Addressing the Challenges of Globalization
World Bank Operations Evaluation Department April 20, 2005
SPONSORED BY: THE WORLD BANK
OED’S CONFERENCE ON SIMMONS:
STRATEGY SHOULD
GLOBAL PROGRAMS LINK GLOBAL WITH
A
jay Chhibber, Acting Director-Gener-
al, Operations Evaluation, welcomed
Bank Managing Director Shengman
Zhang, invited to deliver the opening
NATIONAL
A
more than 300 participants, including remarks at the conference, called global dele Simmons, former President of the
Spring Meeting Delegates, global pro- programs “integral” to the institution’s John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur
From left: Ajay Chhibber, Shengman Zhang, and Adele
gram practitioners from developing work: “We are very grateful to OED for Foundation, summed up the Bank’s innova-
Simmons.
countries, and Bank managers to discuss having undertaken this review. We have tive work in global programs in an opening
OED’s recent review of global programs delivered quite a bit, but we want to deliv- al activities increased to $1.2 billion in keynote address.
at the OED Spring Conference, “Address- er even better. Accordingly, we have been 2004. OED’s Review focused on issues of “There is a lot to be said for letting a thou-
ing Challenges of Globalization.” Chhib- trying to see how we can prioritize better selectivity; value added to Bank objectives; sand flowers bloom and seeing what works
ber called the Bank’s work both global and how we can deliver better.” governance, management, and financing; and what doesn’t,” she said. “But the time
and meta-national: “The objective is Global programs have steadily grown and Bank performance. All panelists urged has come to be more strategic with global
to serve the global common good and as a Bank business line. The Bank has wide dissemination of the report’s findings programs. Context matters. One size does
improve living standards for the poor in become the largest manager of trust beyond the World Bank.
developing countries.” funds; disbursements to global and region- continued on back
Clockwise from top left: Louka Katselli, Deepak Nayyar, and for coordination that would provide pub-
and Inge Kaul and Sven Sandstrom. The panel includ- lic goods and regulate public bads when
ed, from left: Uma Lele, Chris Gerrard, Louka Katselli, they cross borders. I can think of no better
Sven Sandstrom, Inge Kaul, and Deepak Nayyar.
institution than the World Bank to perform
this role.”
Katseli said that “30 percent of official
development assistance is now dedicated
to global programs” according to a recent
OECD study. She called OED’s review
“appropriate and bold,” and urged partici-
ALIGNING
pants to envision global program partner-
ships that are the product of joint country
PROGRAMS TO
and global actions, benefiting from comple-
mentary investments.
COUNTRY NEEDS
C
Inge Kaul, Director of the Office of hris Gerrard, Task Manager of the
Development Studies at UNDP, said that Global Review and Senior Evalua-
flourishing public-private partnerships at tion Officer, reported conclusions from
EVALUATING BANK SUPPORT
the country level are creating additional Wednesday’s pre-workshop, which con-
momentum to address development chal- vened 40 development practitioners
lenges. The World Bank could provide working on global programs. Participants
FOR GLOBAL PROGRAMS seed money for many of these initiatives.
“Is it that the wave of re-engineering the
state at the national level is now hitting
discussed the key findings and recom-
mendations of the OED review, reaching
consensus that global programs should
T
here is no question about it: global folio of global programs to play an even the shores of international organiza- be aligned with the MDGs at the global
programs are an increasingly impor- more significant role in development and tions?” she asked. “Will organizations like level and PRSPs at the country level.
tant phenomenon in the development in achieving the MDG targets.” “Increased the World Bank, the UN, and others start Participants felt “very strongly” about
community, not only for the Bank but also awareness of global issues has led to a moving from direct aid delivery to more harmonizing evaluation standards and
for its partners. A panel of international broadly shared need for collective action,” incentive-driven models?” procedures for global programs. “The
experts summoned a wealth of experi- said Lele. Deepak Nayyar, Vice Chancellor of the issue of enhancing developing country
ence and insight to examine the recent The review found that many global pub- University of Delhi, praised OED’s evalua- voice in global programs is a particularly
evaluation of the Bank’s support for glob- lic goods programs have had positive tion and its “eminently sensible” prescrip- challenging one,” said Gerrard. “There
al programs. impacts but it also revealed major gaps tions. However, “while evaluation is nec- should be a greater emphasis on objec-
Sven Sandstrom, former World Bank between global and country-level priori- essary, it is not sufficient,” he stressed. tive technical assessments of needs
Managing Director and Head of the ties, investments, and policy frameworks. “Beyond evaluation, we need to create and priorities relative to the influence of
International Taskforce on Global Public Governance of many programs is still weak capabilities in individuals and institutions, political imperatives.”
Goods, introduced the panel and urged and voices of developing countries are not impart voice to and compensate those who That said, the World Bank’s “compara-
participants to consider how OED’s evalu- adequately represented—although there is lose from the absence of public goods or tive advantage is the ability to promote
ation of the Bank’s experience in global a shift to greater stakeholder participation the presence of public bads, and develop coherence among programs,” reported
programs could be better utilized by the in decision-making. consciousness.” Gerrard, which is especially important in
Bank’s partners. Louka Katseli, Head of OECD’s Develop- Nayyar observed that the focus on the tracking trends at multiple country lev-
Uma Lele, OED Senior Advisor and the ment Centre, focused on that “asymmetry,” provision of global public goods has so far els, so the international community can
study’s Team leader, presented the evalu- saying it often causes global programs to focused on their financing. He encouraged act proactively.
ation’s results. She emphasized that “the reflect what donors and international orga- the World Bank “to be a leader in developing
environment is right for a selective port- nizations view as global priorities. norms for contributions, rules for restraint,
Operations Evaluation Department
SPONSORED BY: THE WORLD BANK
BOOSTING GLOBAL HEALTH
J
ean-Louis Sarbib, Senior VP of the lic-private partnerships for drug and vac-
Human Development Network, who cine development have grown but more
chaired the panel on global health pro- investments are needed to develop prod-
grams, said the tension between global ucts for the market.
and national programs is visible in many “The Bank should use its convening pow-
areas, but perhaps nowhere more so er to mobilize more resources for research
than in the health sector: “This relation- and to build health sector capacity in coop-
ship is particularly acute when it comes eration with the World Health Organization,”
to health.” said Lele.
OED Sr. Adviser, Uma Lele, noted that Hon. Brigadier Jim Muhwezi, Uganda’s
thanks to effective advocacy, communica- Minister of Health, provided further insight
ble disease control has seen rapid growth into the links between global programs
in commitment of external resources. and country programs, offering an exam- From left: Uma Lele, Nafis Sadik, Jean-Louis Sarbib, and Jim Muhwezi.
Global health programs also show consid- ple of a successful health intervention in
erable innovation. his country, the District Health Services said Muhwezi, shedding light on the over- of health sector findings to international
“The Global Fund for AIDS, Tuberculosis, Pilot and Demonstration Project, that has burdened Ugandan health system. development partners. These partners
and Malaria has committed more funds to demonstrated positive impacts of decen- Sarbib welcomed Muhwezi’s remarks: would, in turn, develop local approaches
more countries than the Bank,” Lele contin- tralization. “There were improvements in “We have a new program on malaria. I agree to better link global programs with country
ued. Transaction costs to developing coun- disbursements... health planning, financial with you very much… we’ll announce some- health interventions. “All programs should
tries of accessing donor resources have management and accounting.” thing soon that, I hope, will help to reduce be open and on the table. World Bank eval-
increased while health system capacities Departing from prepared remarks, Muh- some of the burdens on the health systems uations should become the model we all
remain limited. Research has high costs wezi strongly urged the Bank to recognize you are describing.” aspire to in all of our organizations,” said
and long gestation periods, developing that “if we want to fight poverty, we need Nafis Sadik, Special Envoy of the UN Sadik. “Yet this evaluation does not end
countries’ markets are not yet viable, and to deal with malaria. Forty percent of all Secretary- General for HIV/AIDS in Asia here. There is more work to be done to
research poses high investment risks. Pub- hospital out-patients suffer from malaria,” Pacific, suggested wider dissemination implement these findings.”
JACOBY &
Johannes Linn, former World Bank Vice continued from front
President of the ECA region and visiting
Fellow at the Brookings Institution, con- not fit all. Different types of partners fit dif-
LINN ON
gratulated the OED team on the review, ferent types of circumstances.”
and highlighted the uniqueness of the insti- Simmons, who served as one of four
tution: “Global public goods programs are members of the Advisory Committee said
BANK’S ROLE key overall, especially for the World Bank,
because the Bank is the only institution that
has the global, regional, country, and local
that most global programs reviewed by
OED were in fact providing national pro-
grams on a country-by-country basis.
I
n closing remarks, Ambassador Ruth reach, including the knowledge and finance, “Before moving ahead, we need to more
Jacoby emphasized that progress on as well as the potential of connecting all clearly define global programs and a strat-
global partnership programs will not occur the actors involved. That doesn’t mean the egy for making choices among them,” she
without true country ownership. “There Bank needs to lead all these efforts, but it said, adding that the Bank, just like private
has been a lot of talk about aligning global should be involved.” foundations, would need to find a way to
programs with country programs,” said Jacoby agreed: “The most important make a graceful exit from programs that
Jacoby, the Director-General for Sweden’s conclusion is that it is not enough for the do not work or could be successfully
Development Cooperation, and former Bank alone to do all this. All partners— spun-off.
Executive Director at the Bank. “I think the developing countries, NGOs, foundations, The review found that global programs
key question is how to go about strength- other donors—must jointly agree on how are consuming a greater share of devel-
ening these links. We want to add value to address global challenges, adopt a com- opment assistance. “Whether or not that “Please don’t let the perfect be the enemy of the
good,” Simmons said.
and produce results.” Jacoby recognized mon measurable results framework, and is a diversion is not the point,” Simmons
strong political dynamics and financial subject programs to independent evalu- said. “Country programs need global
implications in the tension between cor- ation. OED’s evaluation gives us valuable programs and vice versa. The links and
porate advocacy and country-level imple- insights that apply not only to the World complements between them must be bet-
mentation. She also highlighted major Bank, but to all of us in the development ter understood and strengthened. Having a
issues: the need for greater transparency, community.” global vaccine for malaria, for example, will THE WORLD BANK
sustainability, policy coherence between do no good if there are no national delivery
donors and across systems to administer it.”
global programs, and “If we don’t take the time to learn from Addressing the
capacity building. the past, we’ll be less effective than we Challenges of
Jim Adams, Panel could be,” Simmons said. “Strong global
Globalization
Chair and OPCS Vice programs will help accomplish what every-
Operations Evaluation Department
President, under- one wants, and that is to reduce poverty.”
The World Bank Group
scored that the devel- Simmons urged that any strategy on
1818 H Street, N.W.
opment community global public partnerships should better Washington, D.C. 20433
needs to harmonize link global and national priorities, and con- www.worldbank.org/oed
and coordinate global cluded with a final counsel. “Please, don’t email: oed@worldbank.org
programs in ways that let the perfect be the enemy of the good. If
complement imple- we expect each global program to be per-
mentation realities on fect and free of challenges, then we prob-
the ground. From left: Ruth Jacoby, Jim Adams, and Johannes Linn. ably won’t do any of them.”
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