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EFFICIENT LIGHTING INITIATIVE
(SOUTH AFRICA)
TRAINING/RESOURCE MANUAL
FEBRUARY 2001
Definitions of terminology and abbreviations
Ballast/Control Gear A current limiting device, protecting a lamp from
overcurrent (see module 2)
Capacitor A mechanism added to an electro magnetic ballast to
improve efficiency and reduce electricity consumption
(See module 2)
CFL Compact Fluorescent Light. See picture below. The
workings are explained in module 2
DSM Demand Side Management. Essentially activities aimed at
reducing the peak demand, at specific times, for
electricity and thus preventing the need to generate
more electricity
Electro magnetic A ballast created by wire wound around a metal core
ballast
Electronic ballast A ballast created with electronic components
ELI Efficient Lighting Initiative. See module 1
ESCO Energy services company. This is a company that
specializes in assisting building owners to fit more energy
efficient fittings to save on expenditure on electricity.
The ESCO derives it’s income from commission on the
savings on electricity consumption (See module 9)
GEF Global Environmental Facility. A World bank linked
organization that funds projects aimed at reducing
greenhouse gasses
Giga Watt One billion Watt
Green Bonds Bonds where the saving in expenditure on energy is added
to the repayment amount on the loan, to allow the lender
to obtain additional credit
2
IFC International Finance Corporation. World Bank linked
organization responsible for overseeing projects funded
by donor funding
Kilo Watt One thousand Watt
Incandescent lamp The ordinary household bulb in use in most residential
buildings in South Africa . The bulb derives light from a
filament which heats up once current pass through it
(Picture below)
Luminaire A light fitting to which either an incandescent lamp and
holder, or control gear plus associated fluorescent lamp
can be fixed, to create a lighting system
Mega Watt One million Watt
Modular Efficient These are compact fluorescent lights where the ballast is
lamps separate from the glassware. Copy of the glassware
portion below. See module 2.
3
Mono-phosphor lamp A low quality single band gas in a fluorescent tube
rendering poor quality and light
pF Power factor is the inefficiency caused by the heat and
electro magnetic focus in the workings of electro
mechanical devices and leads to higher power consumption
PL type lamps This is a modular efficient lamp.
PPV Pre-payment Electricity Vendor
RDP Reconstruction and Development Programme. In the
context of this manual it refers to low cost housing
projects that receive Government subsidy
Retrofit The replacement of electrical appliances and lights in an
existing building with energy efficient appliances to
effect savings on electricity consumption
SSM Supply Side Management The generation transmission and
distribution of electricity
T8 lamps A type of linear fluorescent lamp
4
Tri-phosphor lamp A high quality three band phosphor gas within the
fluorescent which renders a good colour light
5
Table of Contents
6
MODULE 1: BACKGROUND TO EFFICIENT LIGHTING AND BONESA
1.1 Energy and environment
Mankind’s impact on the natural environment has reached an alarming intensity and
there is great and growing anxiety about the earth’s physical and biological capacity
to support human existence. While traditionally the environment was regarded as an
abundant free gift with an infinite capacity of regeneration, more recently the
awareness has grown that it is a scarce resource, which should be carefully utilised to
sustain human existence.
The energy sector is a major contributor to pollution and the global interdependence
of energy and the environment poses difficult economic and political dilemmas. Until
recently the motivation between the promotion of renewable energy sources and
energy efficient mechanisms was the fear that the world would run out of fossil
fuels. It has since become clear that there are adequate reserves of fossil fuels i.e.
coal, oil and gas. What we are running out of is the space to deal with the by-
products of conventional fuel use, specifically the particulates and emissions such as
NOx, SOx and CO2. The focus has thus shifted from management of resources to
management of wastes and the emphasis is on the prevention of pollution rather than
the control thereof.
Several key factors concerning environmental problems emerge:
Environmental problems are no longer only of a local or regional nature, but have
increasingly global implications
Friction time, i.e. the time between observing environmental damage and
successfully dealing with the underlying problem source, is increasing
Healthy economic development and the environment are interdependent
The generation, conversion and use of energy will have a distinct influence on the
environment. Non-sustainable generation of energy leads to the depletion of natural
resources as well as the deterioration and pollution of the environment. Important
strategies to combat environmental problems include changing the energy mix,
developing alternative and renewable energy sources, investments in energy
conservation and efficiency and a change towards energy use. Renewable and energy
efficient technologies have undisputed positive impacts on local environments. More
recently the interest has also been driven by a global effort to mitigate climate
change
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In 1997 South Africa ratified the international Framework Convention on Climate
Change, one of the outcomes of the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro in 1992 on
sustainable development. The ratification came just in time for South Africa to
formally participate in the 3rd Conference of the Parties in Kyoto, Japan. In keeping
with their commitments as a party to the Convention, the government undertook the
preparation of an inventory of emissions.
In 1990, the base year for emissions reporting, South Africa emitted an estimated
total of CO2 equivalent of an amount of 373,922 Gg/year. Of the emissions 37,7% is
attributed to electricity generation and 89% of the CO2 equivalent is emitted in total
from the energy sector:
Source Amount % of total in
Gigagrams 1990
Electricity 137,333 37.7
generation
Heat production 31,669 8.8
Manufacturing 25,498 7.0
Transport 33,754 9.3
Other energy 25,492 7.0
Fugitive 36,146 9.9
Industrial 24,165 6.6
processes
Agriculture 41,254 11.3
Waste 8,910 2.4
Electricity generation in South Africa is therefore a prime contributor to pollution
and it stands to reason that if electricity consumption can decrease, pollution levels
will also decrease. Furthermore, more efficient use of electricity can lead to
decreased electricity demand, and avoiding the necessity of additional power stations
and generation capacity, again resulting in less pollution as well as huge capital
savings.
1.2 Electrification
The electrification supply industry not only met the ambitious electrification targets
set in 1994 by the Reconstruction and Development Programme of the ANC, but
actually exceeded them. Targets were set by the National Electrification Forum
where agreement was reached that 450 000 new connections each year can be made
8
until 1999. Eskom was expected to make 300 000 new connections each year and
municipalities combined 150 000 each year. This would add up to a total of 2,5 million
new connections by the end of 1999, giving access to 72% of the country’s population
as opposed to the 36% who enjoyed access in 1994. In addition, Eskom has also
electrified almost 6 000 schools since 1994. Of the 6 000, 1 347 schools received
solar systems. It is estimated that more than 20 million customers received
electricity during the last decade of the 20th century, and the numbers are still set
to increase. Of the rural households in the country, 54% are still without electricity
while in urban areas an estimated 20% of all households still need to be connected.
These figures add up to a total of approximately 3,24 million households in South
Africa that are still without electricity.
Cumulative connections completed by Eskom and Local
Governments: 1994 - 1999
3000000
2738545
Number of Connection
2000000
1722937
1000000
946408
435756
254383
164535
16838 69200
0
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
Eskom Local Gov'mts Farm Workers Total
Increased electrification has not only resulted in an increase in the demand for
electricity but also an increase in the electricity peak demand. Peak demand times
are between 6 am and 8 am in the morning and 6 pm and 8 pm in the evening.
The domestic sector accounts for a relatively small percentage of electricity
consumption in South Africa, but has a proportionally larger impact on the electricity
supply system. This is because the household demand and consumption of electricity
are much more uneven than that for example of mines and larger industries. The
typical household electricity consumption pattern involves two periods of peak
consumption, corresponding to the major tasks performed in the mornings and
evenings – cooking, heating the home, washing and using appliances such as kettles and
irons. The result of such a “peaky” load profile means that electricity supply
9
authorities require more expensive generation and storage equipment, thus pushing up
average supply costs. With the dramatic increase in the number of domestic
consumers due to the electrification programme, the effect on Eskom’s generation
system will become more intense and if unchecked, may result in such a demand for
increased capacity that a new power station must be built – with all the unfavourable
cost implications and environmental effects that are implied.
The increased peak demand therefore, has left Eskom with two options – either to
increase its supply side capacity, i.e. build another power station or to implement
demand side management (DSM) measures. The high capital expenditure required to
build another power station will result in an increase in the price of electricity. DSM
refers to the more efficient utilization of energy and it holds various benefits for
Eskom and South Africa. There are a number of areas where DSM can be applied,
one of which is a large-scale energy efficient lighting initiative.
1.3 The South African Efficient Lighting Initiative (ELI-RSA)
The Efficient Lighting Initiative is an international programme, funded by the Global
Environmental Facility, aimed at promoting the use of energy efficient lighting and
the consequent reduction in the emission of greenhouse gases. The programme is
implemented in the following seven countries:
Argentina
Czech Republic
Hungary
Latvia
Peru
Philippines
South Africa
The South African Efficient Lighting Initiative (ELI-RSA) is a 3-year programme
jointly funded by Eskom and the Global Environmental Facility (GEF) to the tune of
approximately R60 million. South Africa is the only country where the ELI
programme is co-funded by an electricity utility. Eskom’s interest is to reduce the
peak demand for electricity to prevent the need to construct additional power
stations. The South African programme is thus substantially more ambitious than
that of the other countries.
ELI-RSA seeks to transform South Africa’s lighting market through the promotion of
efficient lamps and luminares. Bonesa’s ELI activities will fall into 7 main categories,
namely:
10
Public education (marketing and public relations activities)
Schools programme
Tertiary education programme
RDP housing and new electrification
Prepayment vendors (essentially dealing with subsidies in the low income
residential market)
New bonded homes
Commercial/Industrial/Institutional programmes
The backbone of the ELI programme is Compact Fluorescent lights (CFLs). CFLs are
energy saving light bulbs. They use one-fifth of the energy of a comparable
incandescent bulb while providing the same light output. CFLs also last between five
and ten times longer than normal incandescent bulbs, depending on the technology of
the compact fluorescent lamp.
One of the deterrents for introducing energy efficient lighting technologies into the
middle to higher income groups is the initial capital outlay required to purchase the
lamps (i.e. they are expensive). To overcome this barrier Bonesa has proposed to link
a subsidy or rebate to any bulk procurement initiatives in the programme. A
Memorandum of understanding will be entered into with all manufacturers of CFLs.
The agreement will facilitate the subsidisation of CFLs that have been accredited by
the ELI.
Bonesa will provide the manufacturer with a predetermined subsidy for each CFL sold
under this agreement. The mechanism for the subsidy programme is detailed in
module 7. The target for CFL sales over the next two decades are illustrated in the
graph below.
11
Bonesa Electricity (Pty) Ltd - CFL Sales Target
Nu 12000000
m
b 10000000
e
r
8000000
o
f 6000000
C 4000000
FL
s 2000000
0
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2010 2015 2019
Years
Source: Eskom/Bonesa MOU (CummulativeTarget: 31,5 million by 2019)
12
1.4 Background to Bonesa
The ELI initiative is implemented by Bonesa (Pty) Ltd, a joint venture of local
partners TSI (a subsidiary of Eskom Enterprises), Africon and Umongi-Karebo.
Bonesa has entered into a memorandum of understanding with the funders of the ELI
programme, the IFC and Eskom, to implement the programme in South Africa. The
Company will, in due course, also establish itself as a profit making entity providing
other services in the energy field.
Bonesa’s head office is situated in the Africon Centre, 1040 Burnett Street,
Hatfield, Pretoria and can be contacted on telephone number 012 427 2720. A core
of staff responsible for project and programme management, as well as the
administration of Bonesa, is situated at head office. These are essentially persons on
full time secondment from the shareholders’ companies.
Bonesa will initially outsource much of its activities to specialist agencies.
Implementation will also happen with support from Eskom, municipalities and property
developers. A number of part time regional coordinators have been appointed to
assist with the coordination of activities of these stakeholders
Organisational Diagram : Bonesa
Acting General
Manager
Peter Kgame
Financial
Project/Contracts
Specialist/Accountant
Manager
Shadrack Appanna
Naas Jordaan
(100% of time)
Regional Coordinators
Marketing Residential Market Technical Commercial, Administrative FS KZN NC NW
Coordinator Coordinator Specialist Industrial, Assistant Vacant A Mafu Vacant Vacant
Barry Bredenkamp Bob Price Rob Henderson Institutional Helen Roos
(100% of time) (100% of time) (30% of time) Coordinator (100% of time) NP
Nad Perumaul EC Gauteng Mpumalanga WC
M
(100% of time) B Bunjonjo Vacant L Geyer C Dingley
Matsitela
Stakeholder Liaison
and Training
Coordinator
Mpho Makhetha
(50% of time)
13
MODULE 2: COMPACT FLUORESCENT TECHNOLOGY
2.1 Compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs)
The control mechanism of a CFL is part of the lamp, which is situated at the base,
just above the bayonet or screw type cap. The control mechanism is electronics
designed to allow maximum efficiency. Inside the glass tube of the lamp, high quality
phosphorous gases are present. When an electric charge is passed through this gas,
it illuminates, giving out energy in the form of light.
CFL’s are superior to incandescent lamps, (low power consumption, and maximum
efficacy). The average temperature of a CFL is about 60 degrees Celsius, compared
to the 100 degrees Celsius of an incandescent lamp. A conventional incandescent lamp
converts 96% of the power it consumes into heat and only 4% into light. A CFL
converts 86% of the power it consumes into light and only 14% into heat. It lasts 12
times longer the ordinary bulb and consumes 80% less electricity for the same light
output as a conventional lamp.
During its lifetime, a single CFL will save around 960 kWh of electricity, 432kg of
coal and 1100ℓ of water.
Table: Comparison of different Wattages between CFL and Incandescent Lamps
Incandescent CFL
15 W 3W
25 W 5W
40 W 7W
60 W 11 W
75 W 15 W
100 W 20 W
120 W 23 W
2.2 Control Gear (Ballasts)
There are basically two types of ballasts, namely Electronic Ballasts and
Electromagnetic ballasts. These are current limiting devices, protecting the lamp
from over current. There are fundamental advantages to utilising electronic ballast,
as oppose to electromagnetic ballast.
Electromagnetic Ballasts.
Electronic magnetic ballasts are constructed utilising a wire wound metal core, i.e.
wire is wound around a piece of metal bar. This wire wound core is encapsulated in a
14
metal frame and offer protection from damage and electrical shock. The terminal
input and output terminal blocks are fixed on the metal casing.
Electro magnetic ballasts operate fluorescent lamps at 100 times a second at 50 Hz.
This gives visual discomfort and “cathode flicker” is noticeable, also known as
“stroboscopic effect”, which is dangerous in a rotating machine environment. This
phenomenon reduces the lamp life; this is noticeable at both ends of the lamp, where
arc dust is present, caused by the igniting process of the cathode and anode.
The efficiency of wire wound ballasts is low due to the losses within the ballasts in
the form of heat, (approximately 30%), and between 7 and 11% more power is
required for the same light output as electronic ballasts. Electromagnetic ballasts
have a low pF (power factor) factor, which adds to its inefficiency. A capacitor has to
be incorporated to increase the pF.
Electronic Ballasts.
Electronic Ballasts are constructed with electronic components, which allows for
more sophisticated control and enhanced quality of light, additional features that
would not be possible with wire wound ballasts.
Electronic ballasts run fluorescent lamps at high frequency (40-100kHz) which
ensures the lamp current is virtually constant. This obviously gives greater visual
comfort and “cathode flicker” is eliminated, even at low temperatures. At start up
there is no annoying flicker or noise and if the lamp is defective, it will shut down
automatically without causing any further disturbance.
High frequency operation permits more energy to be converted into light and
between 7 to 11% less power is required for the same light output. Electronic
ballasts are much more efficient than wire wound ballasts and therefore run cooler,
not only reducing losses but lowering the temperature in the luminare. The lamp is
allowed to run nearer its optimum operating temperature of 25 oC.
The total savings are dependent on the individual lamp but wire wound ballasts use
30% more energy than the equivalent electronic ballasts. Due to the fact that the
lamp is run under exactly the right conditions and a soft start is used, practical
experience has shown increased lamp life.
Technical features and Advantages of electronic ballasts:
Improved light quality
Suitable for DC operation
Increased energy savings
Minimum weight
15
Low heat output
Automatic “switch off” of defective lamps
Low installation costs
Automatic switch-on after lamp replacement.
PF close to unity.
No need to utilize a Capacitor.
16
MODULE 3: THE ELI SCHOOLS PROGRAMME
Project description
The project will develop training and education materials (including a lighting kit for
demonstrations), at no cost and introduce it into selected schools to promote
electricity efficiency and the use of CFLs. Teachers will be provided with training in
the use of the education material. The project will launch a competition in the
schools to reinforce the education programme.
Project goals
The goals are to:
o Create awareness through educating pupils on the electrical energy market,
o Promote lighting technology in line with Eskom’s energy efficiency practice
o Highlight the link between electricity usage and wealth, environment, and the
impact and benefits thereof,
o Promote Bonesa (Pty) Ltd as a socially responsible organisation which, learners and
teachers can refer to for information /advice on efficient lighting aspects,
o Equip learners with knowledge about the importance of using electricity cost
effectively.
Focus area, (province, scope)
Provinces: Northern province, Gauteng, Kwa Zulu/Natal and Western Cape
Strategy (Method to achieve project goals, how)
A service provider will be appointed to do the following:
o Provide and develop training material,
o Develop competition guidelines and materials,
o Communicate with schools to introduce the study material and the competition,
o Adjudicate the competition,
o Monitor and evaluate the education programme,
o Train the teachers.
Target groups
The target groups are pupils from Grade 5-12 in previously disadvantaged and other
schools, especially recently electrified schools.
17
Project leader contact details
Surname: Makhetha
First Name: Mpho
Tel: (012) 427 2316
Fax: (012) 427 2935
Cell Number: 083 296 4892
E-mail address: mmakhetha@bonesa.co.za
Postal address: PO Box 905, Pretoria, 0001
Physical address: 1040 Burnett Street, Hatfield
Related/Associated projects
Eskom’s Electrowise schools programme in the Western Cape;
National Electrification Programme.
Project Status
The service providers have been appointed to develop the manual, training materials
and the competition.
Roles and responsibilities of regional co-ordinator for the specific project
o Liaison with schools;
o Assist in training of teachers in the use of study material;
o Monitoring and evaluation of schools programme;
o Facilitating the project.
18
MODULE 4: ELI TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS PROGRAMME
Project description
The project will develop and introduce training and education materials in selected
tertiary institutions, to promote the understanding of lighting technology amongst
staff and students in the faculties of Engineering, Architecture and Design. The
project will support the launch of Eskom’s Luminaire Design competition to increase
awareness and interest in lighting technology.
Project goals
o Promotion of energy efficient issues by professions in the building industry with
their clients,
o Increase awareness of students and faculties on the technical requirements of
efficient lighting products,
o Promote Bonesa (Pty) Ltd as a socially responsible organisation which students and
lecturers can refer to for information/advice on efficient lighting aspects,
o Support Eskom’s Luminaire Design competition as an incentive to young designers
to learn more and get involved in the lighting industry.
o Assist the winner of the design competition to commercialise the winning product
Focus area, (province, scope)
Provinces: Northern Province, Gauteng, Kwa Zulu/Natal and Western Cape
Strategy (Method to achieve project goals, how)
A service provider will be appointed to do the following:
o Develop training material and give tertiary institutions as much information as
possible on efficient lighting and CFLs,
o To communicate with tertiary institutions to support the introduction of Eskom’s
Luminaire Design competition and training material,
o To adjudicate the competition,
o To monitor and evaluate the tertiary education programme,
o To assist the winner of the competition (design of light fitting) to commercialise
the winning idea.
19
Target groups
The programme is targeted at the faculties of Engineering, Architecture and the
faculties of Arts (particularly Interior Design students) at technical colleges,
technikons and universities.
Project leader contact details
Surname Makhetha
First Name: Mpho
Tel: (012) 427 2316
Fax: (012) 427 2935
Cell Number: 083 296 4892
E-mail address: mmakhetha@bonesa.co.za
Postal address: PO Box 905, Pretoria, 0001
Physical address: 1040 Burnett Street, Hatfield
Project Status
Service providers are being appointed to develop curricula and training materials.
Roles and responsibilities of regional co-ordinator for the specific project
o Liaison with tertiary institutions;
o Monitoring and evaluation of tertiary programme
20
MODULE 5: ELI MORTGAGE BOND PROGRAMME
Project description
Modular type efficient lighting will be introduced in houses that are built in the low-,
middle- and high-income socio economic groups. The project will give developers
incentives to incorporate efficient lighting as part of development. “Green bonds”
will be developed, which includes the savings from energy efficient lighting in the
calculations for the amount that may be borrowed by the purchaser.
Project goals
The project goals are to:
o Establish energy efficient lighting as an option offered to participants in the RDP
homes programme,
o Convince builders to offer an efficient light upgrade to the standard house
package at a minimal cost,
o Convince Banks to introduce “Green Bonds”
o Provide commercial financing for the upgrade to energy efficient lighting,
o Build consumer demand for energy efficient housing in new RDP homes,
o Make energy efficient lighting a popular option on new bonded housing produced,
Focus area, (province, scope)
Provinces: Western Cape, Kwa Zulu/Natal, Gauteng and Northern province,
specifically in RDP houses.
Strategy (Method to achieve project goals, how)
o The strategy for the specific project has not been refined yet. The intention
is to put a call out for proposals from institutions with experience in subsidies,
to develop the project in more detail. Some of the interventions may be to:
o Give incentives to developers to use energy efficient lights, possibly with some
form of subsidisation,
o Provide new homeowners with brochures with information about the benefits of
efficient lighting,
o Work with financiers to develop specialised bonds that will promote the use of
efficient lights.
21
Target groups
The project is targeted at new homeowners in low-, middle- and high-income groups
whose houses are wired for lighting at the time they are built.
Project leader contact details
Surname: Appanna
First Name: Shadrach
Tel: (012) 427 2721
Fax: (012) 427 2935
Cell Number: 083 296 9800
E-mail address: sappanna@bonesa.co.za
Postal address: PO Box 905, Pretoria, 0001
Physical address: 1040 Burnett Street, Hatfield
Project Status
This project is currently dormant and will receive attention when the key ELI
programmes have been substantially initiated.
Roles and responsibilities of regional co-ordinator for the specific project
o Conduct presentations to developers and development agencies;
o To liaise with developers to promote the project;
o Monitoring and evaluation.
22
MODULE 6: ELI PROGRAMME FOR ELECTRIFICATION OF RDP
HOMES
Project description
The project will aim to give first time electricity consumers a light fitting that is
dedicated to the use of an energy efficient globe at a highly subsidised price. Bonesa
will provide product information to new electrification customers.
Project goals
o To introduce new electricity customers to efficient lighting technology,
o To provide the customer with an affordable option to purchase energy efficient
lighting.
Focus area, (province, scope)
Provinces: Northern province, Kwa Zulu Natal, Eastern Cape, Kyelitsha pilot project in
Western Cape
Strategy (Method to achieve project goals, how)
The strategy will be to:
o Procure a light fitting with 3m cord, 3-point plug, and built-in ballast. This
together with a PL9 lamp will be provided to all newly-electrified consumers at a
discount price in the order of R10. Tenders have been called for the supply of the
fittings.
o Identify projects in consultation with Eskom regional management. The Eskom
distribution channel will be used to disseminate the light fittings. Fittings will be
stored in ESKOM stores and distributed when electrical connections are made.
The same procedure will in due course be followed with municipalities and other
developers.
o Communication will be established through ESKOM’s normal communications
programme with new consumers in order to ensure that adequate awareness is
raised and understanding is created relating to energy efficient lighting.
o Brochures explaining the advantages of CFLs will accompany fittings,
o Initiate contact with local authorities (municipalities) and developers,
o Initiate similar programmes with local authorities and developers in 2002,
o Give local retailers a cash rebate to encourage them to sell the lamps. (the
mechanism for this approach still needs to be refined).
23
Target groups
The project is targeted at low-income communities that have received electrical
connection recently or will be receiving shortly.
Project leader contact details
Surname: Jordaan
First Name: Naas
Tel: (012) 427 2415
Fax: (012) 427 2935
Cell Number: 083 296 4891
E-mail address: njordaan@bonesa.co.za
Postal address: PO Box 905, Pretoria, 0001
Physical address: 1040 Burnett Street, Hatfield
Project documentation (what is available and where)
The following project proposals have been approved:
o Pilot projects in Northern Province. (RDP/01/Nov2000/3)
o Khyelitsha ELI (RDP/01/Nov2000/4)
Details can be obtained from Naas Jordaan (Contact details above)
Project Status
Tenders have been awarded for the delivery of the first 4 000 luminaires. A further
tender has been advertised for 80 000 additional units. Distribution of the units is
being planned in consultation with Eskom regional management. A pamphlet for
distribution with the luminaries is presently being developed.
Roles and responsibilities of regional co-ordinator for the specific project
o Liaise with Eskom regional management;
o Monitor the implementation via the Eskom distribution network;
o Establish contact with local authorities and housing developers;
o Identify local retailers, educate them on the programme and train them on the
technology.
24
MODULE 7: ELI PUBLIC EDUCATION PROGRAMME
Project description
For the country to increase investment in CFLs customers have to be aware of the
technology. Currently awareness about CFLs is very low. To increase the awareness
of CFLs above the line advertising, below the line advertising, public relations and
building of Bonesa’s corporate identity is needed.
Project goals
o Increase public awareness of CFLs,
o Change the purchasing behaviour (people must buy CFLs instead of incandescent
lamps).
Focus area, (province, scope)
The main focus is in Gauteng and the Western Cape because this is where the higher
income buying market is. Some activities will be conducted in other provinces.
Strategy (Method to achieve project goals, how)
Management in consultation with marketing service providers will define the messages
and then decide on specific actions to implement the public education,
This will include below the line advertising:
o Campaign launching competition
o Shopping mall and “in-store” activities
o Coupons and flyers
o Portfolio of products and services
o Exhibitions and trade shows
o Case studies of successful projects
o Local radio and print media campaigns
25
Above the line advertising
o Annual luminaire design competitions
o Outdoor advertising and billboards
o Mobile and commuter advertising
o Electronic advertising and e-commerce
o City beautification projects, as a showcase for the commercial sector
o National television, radio and media campaigns
PUBLIC RELATIONS ACTIVITIES:
o Media strategy
o Strategic positioning of Bonesa
o Promotion of CFLs and other efficient lighting technologies
o Recruit and develop network of “celebrity” spokespeople for ELI
o Communication audits and research
o Build on existing relationships with Government stakeholders to possibly exempt
import taxes on efficient lighting products
o Liaison with professional bodies
o Revival of annual luminaire design competition
CORPORATE IDENTITY ACTIVITIES
o Position Bonesa as the authoritative advisor of efficient lighting products
o Develop and produce corporate gifts and promotional items
o Website “excitement” developments
o Mini-sponsorships of specialised events/functions
o Branding of Bonesa in shopping malls with banners and posters
The main media launch will coincide with Bonesa’s Easter campaign.
Subsidisation of bulk buys
Memoranda of understanding will be entered into with manufactures of CFLs. The
agreement will facilitate the subsidisation of CFLs that have been accredited by the
ELI (See paragraph on accreditation below). Bonesa will provide the manufacturer
with a predetermined subsidy for each CFL sold under this agreement. The
manufacturer must submit a certified invoice and delivery note at Bonesa within 14
days of delivery of the said products. 30 days after the receipt of the certified
26
documentation Bonesa will pay the qualifying amount directly to the retailer
concerned.
27
Accreditation
The ELI has set standards that CFLs have to comply with to qualify for the subsidy.
The CFLs can be tested at any accredited laboratory and the results submitted to
the ELI (Chris Granda). (Details) An incentive for accredited manufacturers is that
they can use the ELI logo (See above). The use of the logo is subject to the rules
and protocol governing the ELI quality specifications, as well as those pertaining to
the Bonesa/ELI Corporate identity manual which can be obtained from the ELI
website at: www.efficientlighting.org.
The key issues to note is that official written permission is needed from the ELI to
display this logo on any product; the pantone colour is “Pantone no 368”. Initially
Bonesa will produce and supply stickers to those manufacturers whose products meet
the qualification criteria.
Target groups
The target group for this specific activity consists of people in income categories
that can afford the purchase of CFLs.
Project leader contact details
Surname: Bredenkamp
First Name: Barry
Tel: (012) 427 2619
Fax: (012) 427 2935
Cell Number: 083 296 4890
E-mail address: bbredenkamp@bonesa.co.za
Postal address: PO Box 905, Pretoria, 0001
Physical address: Africon, Burnett Street, Hatfield
Useful Contacts
Mpho Makhetha (Marketing Assistant): 083 296 4892
Helen Roos (Bonesa Secretary): 012 427 2720
Project documentation (what is available and where)
The following sub-project proposals have been approved and project plans are
available from the project leader:
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o General advertising (Fourth quarter 2000 PE activities, December 2000 special PE
programme);
o PR sub contract (Fourth quarter 2000 PE activities, December 2000 special PE
programme);
o Manufacturers/bulk purchase subsidies (Fourth quarter 2000 PE activities);
o Nelson Mandela Children’s fund;
o Events/ festivals (fourth quarter 2000 PE activities);
o Municipal communication (fourth quarter 2000 PE activities).
Project Status
During December 2000 the following activities were initiated as a pilot to prepare for
the main media launch scheduled for Easter 2001:
o A national competition was held to promote awareness of CFLs,
o National advertisements were placed in newspapers linked with the competition,
o “In-store” promotions in shopping malls in various parts of SA (final reports from
service providers are available on request).
Roles and responsibilities of regional co-ordinator for the specific project
o Project management and supervision of the service provider that will be appointed
in the respective provinces for “in-store” promotions;
o Liaison with local newspaper and radio.
29
MODULE 8: ELI LOW INCOME SUBSIDY PROGRAMME (via Pre-
payment vendors)
Project description
The project will give the manufacturers incentives to down scale their prices in order
for the low-income group to afford the CFLs. It will also attempt to create new
distribution channels via existing Pre-payment vendors and to create a financing
mechanism for buyers, recouping the payments through the billing system. The
subsidy will be anything from R6-R10 depending on the lifespan of the CFL.
Project goals
o To develop consumer finance that allows low-income customers to “lease” energy
efficient lamps,
o Dissemination of the CFLs,
o Increase availability of CFLs in low-income communities,
o Create a demand for CFLs.
Focus area, (province, scope)
City of Durban and Cape Town (implementation to be staggered, initially in Durban and
in due course in Cape Town)
Strategy (Method to achieve project goals, how)
o Create distribution channels via wholesalers to get Pre-payment vendors to stock
CFLs
o Encourage permanent vendors to stock CFLs and to enter into agreements with
customers on Bonesa’s behalf,
o Bonesa will sign MoUs with the distribution utilities that would collect payments
via the utility billing system,
o The loan (guaranteed by Bonesa) would come from financial institutions.
Target groups
The project is targeted at low-income electricity consumers.
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Project leader contact details
Surname: Appanna
First Name: Shardrach
Tel: (012) 427 2721
Fax: (012) 427 2935
Cell Number: 083 296 9800
E-mail address: sappanna@bonesa.co.za
Postal address: PO Box 905, Pretoria, 0001
Physical address: 1040 Burnett Street, Hatfield
Project Status
This project is in the planning phase
Roles and responsibilities of regional co-ordinator for the specific project
o Liaison with electricity distribution authorities or utilities;
o Monitoring participation by wholesalers
o Get feedback from participating vendors.
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MODULE 9: ELI COMMERCIAL, INDUSTRIAL AND
INSTITUTIONAL PROGRAMME
Project description
It is the perception of organizations in the commercial and institutional sector that
the cost of energy is very high, but very little has been done to manage energy
efficiently. Bonesa will target these organizations on the benefits of energy
efficient products, potential energy and cost savings. The approach will be to promote
retrofitting of existing buildings and new construction projects.
Project goals
The core objective for the above program is to transform industries into utilizing
energy efficient products. These products have been defined as:
o Electronic control Gear (Ballast) instead of conventional electro-mechanical
control gear,
o Triphosphor T8 lamps instead of monophoshor T8 lamps.
Focus area, (province, scope)
Initially, the focus area will be Gauteng, Kwa Zulu/Natal and Western Cape.
Strategy (Method to achieve project goals, how)
In existing buildings, the following sequence of activities will be conducted:
o Energy Audit of the lighting system,
o Quantify savings after above and determine pay-back period,
o Negotiation with client to retrofit to efficient products. Assist with sourcing of
finance through a Commercial Institute (if required),
o Installation of monitoring equipment before retrofit (if necessary),
o Product procurement and installation,
o Acceptance by the client,
o “After” monitoring process for the duration of the pay-back period, to verify
quantified savings,
o Media coverage of the energy efficient building especially on the lighting design.
Bonesa may establish or develop a working relationship with an Energy Services
Company (ESCO) to provide this service in due course. The business process
relating to an ESCO is illustrated in Annexure C, attached.
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In the new buildings, the following sequence of activities will be conducted:
o Negotiate with the prospective client/developer to utilize efficient products,
o Facilitate the purchasing of efficient products utilizing the economics of scale (it
is envisaged that these purchases will be for multiple projects at any given time),
o Media coverage of energy efficient buildings, specifically on the lighting design.
In tandem to the above, Bonesa will set new standards for local luminaire
manufacturing. Once these luminaires attain these standards a logo of accreditation
will be certified to the manufacturer for use only in the said luminaries.
Target groups
The target groups will be parastatal buildings (e.g. Telkom, Postal Services and
Transnet), Government Buildings and Commercial Buildings (e.g. MTN, ACSA, Office
Blocks/Parks). Large property owners (e.g. Old Mutual Properties, Sanlam Properties,
private developers, Leisure and hotel groups, Hospitals and clinics) will be targeted.
Project leader contact details
Surname: Perumaul
First Name: Nad
Tel: (012) 427 2797
Fax: (012) 427 2935
Cell Number: 083 296 4893
E-mail address: nperumaul@bonesa.co.za
Postal address: PO Box 905, Pretoria, 0001
Physical address: 1040 Burnett Street, Hatfield
Project documentation (what is available and where)
The following project proposals have been approved:
o Project Number; COM 03 Energy Audit on the Luminaire Design at the JSE.
o Project Number; COM 03 Conduct a tariff impact study on the load profile at the
JSE.
o Project Number; Com/Nov2000/07 Remote metering at the Kruger National Park
o Project Number; Com/Nov2000/07 Retrofit of Modular Fluorescent lamps and
control gear at 3 of the biggest camps at the Kruger National Park.
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Project Status
A project is currently being implemented in rest camps of the Kruger National Park.
Several other potential projects are under negotiation.
Roles and responsibilities of regional co-ordinator for the specific project
The regional co-ordinator will act as a facilitator and “controlling agent”. The
coordinator might be required to co-ordinate certain activities as detailed in the
existing and new projects.
34
MODULE 10: ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF REGIONAL CO-
ORDINATORS, PROJECT MANAGEMENT AND
REPORTING PROTOCOLS
10.1 Reporting relationships
Regional coordinators will report to the Project Manager. They will, however, be
required to implement sub projects under the direction of the respective project
leaders and will thus have responsibilities directly to the project leaders. For
matters relating to administration, reporting, human resource management and
disputes they will refer to the Project Manager. (See organisational diagram below
Annexure A).
Organisational Diagram : Bonesa
Acting General
Manager
Peter Kgame
Financial
Project/Contracts
Specialist/Accountant
Manager
Shadrack Appanna
Naas Jordaan
(100% of time)
Regional Coordinators
Marketing Residential Market Technical Commercial, Administrative FS KZN NC NW
Coordinator Coordinator Specialist Industrial, Assistant Vacant A Mafu Vacant Vacant
Barry Bredenkamp Bob Price Rob Henderson Institutional Helen Roos
(100% of time) (100% of time) (30% of time) Coordinator (100% of time) NP
Nad Perumaul EC Gauteng Mpumalanga WC
M
(100% of time) B Bunjonjo Vacant L Geyer C Dingley
Matsitela
Stakeholder Liaison
and Training
Coordinator
Mpho Makhetha
(50% of time)
10.2 Reporting
10.2.1 Weekly returns
All Regional Coordinators are required to submit weekly returns indicating their
activities for the previous week and their anticipated activities for the week to come.
An example of a weekly return is attached as Annexure B. Weekly returns are due at
09:00 on each Monday morning and can be e-mailed to the Project Manager at
njordaan@bonesa.co.za.
10.2.2 Monthly Reports
The management team is submitting monthly reports to the Bonesa Board and the
project funders. In order to ensure that all relevant information is captured, regional
coordinators are required to submit monthly reports with information on the
following:
35
Activities for the previous month (Under the respective project headings – e.g.
Public Education or RDP Housing)
Activities projected for the next month (Under project headings)
Project exception and problems experienced
Opportunities identified
Monthly reports are due at 09:00 on the second working day of each month and can
be e-mailed to the Project Manager at njordaan@bonesa.co.za.
10.2.3 Ad Hoc Reporting
Project leaders will, from time to time, require of regional coordinators to submit Ad
Hoc reports on specific activities or issues.
10.3 Administration
10.3.1 Time keeping
Regional Coordinators are required to work under direction of the Project Manager
and relevant project leaders. They can therefore not “create” activities without
consultation with the project leaders. Details of activities are to be recorded on time
sheets.
Regional coordinators are limited, in terms of their contracts, to 32 hours per month
work for Bonesa. In the event that a Coordinator requires exceeding this number of
hours, written permission is required from the Project Manager or the General
Manager of Bonesa. Regional Coordinators are required to submit weekly Bonesa
timesheets in the format attached as Annexure C. The timesheets are to be
submitted before 10:00 on Mondays or the first working day of each week. Time
sheets can be e-mailed to the Project Manager at njordaan@bonesa.co.za or faxed
for his attention to 012 427 2935.
2.3.2 Prior approval of expenditure
The regional coordinators will work closely with the project leader and the approval
for that expenditure will be through motivation with the project leader concerned. It
would be appreciated if all expenditure were cleared with the project leaders who in
turn will present it to MANCO at which decisions are taken. If the expense is not
project related but pertains to the overall programme then a similar process is
followed but the contact person then becomes the financial director at
sappanna@bonesa.co.za or faxed for his attention to 012 427 2935.
2.3.3 Claims for direct expenses
The claims for direct expenses related to the normal performance of duties, as a
coordinator, is part of his or her fee remuneration. If however the coordinator is
requested to travel beyond the scope of his or her region, for some reason, please
inform the finance director who will sign off and apportion expenses accordingly. In
this case coordinators are allowed a sum of Fifty Rands (R50, 00) for lunch and if he
36
or she stay overnight they are allowed a sum of One Hundred Rands (R100, 00) for
dinner. Please note that this includes a soft drink but no alcoholic beverages.
2.3.4 Invoices
Billing must come on a company invoice detailing a VAT number. If the company does
not have one then the company must grant this office a copy of it’s VAT exemption
certificate, before payment of fees will be processed. The invoices must be signed
off by the respective project leaders for payment to be processed. On receipt of
invoices, preferably, by the 25th of each month, Bonesa would process it and deposit
into the company’s account by the 5th of the following month.
37
Annexure A: ESCO Business Process
Annexure A
ESCO BUSINESS PROCESS FLOW CHART
Key
M &V
Cotractor Clie nt
Contractor
Guarantor
Financial IFC /
BONESA
Ins titution ESKOM
Conclude
loan
Provide agree m e nt Appoint
guarante e w ith contractor
In principle
financial
approval
ins titution
M &V Re pay loan
Detailed
Source
Preliminary Feasibility Proposal to Conclude audit and Pay Pay Bone s a Pay M&V
Marketing De cis ion Yes fittings & Do retrofit
Audit study client contracts cost Bone s a com m is s ion contractor
globes
estimate
No
Pay
Maintenance
contractor
Abandon
project
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Annexure B: Weekly Reports
EFFICIENT LIGHTING PROJECT
Activity Report
Report Date: Monday, 15 January 2001
Author: N Jordaan
1. Report on Activities for week ending 12 January 2001-01-15
Activities were:
Handover meeting with Bob Price
Attend debriefing meetings
Minutes of debriefing meetings
Attend work plan meeting
Update work plan
Survey report
Draft reports:
i. Monthly report
ii. Reconciliation report
iii. Estimation report
Interview candidates for Admin Support position
2. Anticipated activities for week ending 19 January 2001-01-15
Complete survey report
Survey debrief
Draft training material specification
Discussion with DOH re developer database
Attend OPS & Manco meetings
Update To Do list
Interact with Bob re Northern Province & Khyelitsha progress
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Annexure C: Timesheet
(This timesheet is available from the Project Manager in Excel format)
BONESA
Timesheet
Week ending on Friday: (date)
Name & Surname
TIME
Sat Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Cost Centre Code Notes Hours
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total 0
Signature: Date:
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40
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