Interoperability, International Standards, ISO TC 211

							    Interoperability,
International Standards,
     & ISO TC 211
       David Danko
     ddanko@esri.com
              Interoperability ...
               As defined by ISO TC 211

• the ability to find information and processing tools,
  when they are needed, no matter where they are
  physically located
• the ability to understand and employ the discovered
  information and tools, no matter what platform
  supports them, whether local or remote
• the ability to participate in a healthy marketplace,
  where goods and services are responsive to the needs
  of consumers
     The Need for Interoperability
• Geographic analysis
   – Multiple sources, multiple organizations
   – Distributed within a community
   – GIS is unique in merging diverse information
• Enterprise GIS
   – GIS evolving beyond isolated communities
   – GIS merging with broader IT infrastructures
• Web Services
   – Enabled by distributed networks
• E-Government
   – Within government (G2G)
   – Between citizens and government (G2C)
   – Between business and government (B2G)
• Spatial Data Infrastructures
       Interoperability Enablers
• Infrastructure      •   Compatible Technology
• Metadata            •   Security
• Authorization       •   Privacy
• Business            •   Information Assurance
  Agreements/MOUs     •   Certification
• Copyright           •   Quality
• Pricing/commerce/   •   Standards
  Business Model
                        Standards
                        As defined by ISO
                          http://www.iso.ch
• Documented agreements:
  – Technical specifications or precise criteria
  – Rules, guidelines, definitions of characteristics
     • Ensuring materials, products, processes and services are fit for
       purpose
  – Reference documents used in public contracts or
    international trade
     • Indisputable reference clarifying the contractual relations
       between economic partners
• Promote competition, commerce and free trade
          Standards &
          Specifications
• Make things work – affect every
  aspect of life
• Widespread use of Standards
  – Make things work around the world
  – Increase efficiency - globally
  – Enable global interoperability
 International Organization for
        Standardization
• ISO from Greek ISOS meaning “equal”
• Founded in 1947
• 146 member nations
  – 1 member per country (represented through national standards
    organization – ANSI, DIN, SABS, etc)
  – 13700 standards, 3000 technical bodies, 30000 experts
• NGO – unlike UN
  – Delegates not national governments
  – May be mandated by government
  – Roots in private sector and industry associations
• Able to bridge the gap
  – Consensus solutions meeting requirements of business and
    broader needs of society
   Benefits of ISO Standards (1)

• Business
  – Wide acceptance of products and services
  – Free to compete in broader market
• Government
  – Provides technical and scientific underpinnings
    for health, safety, environmental legislation
• Consumers
  – Conformance of products and services provide
    assurance about quality, safety, & reliability
 Benefits of ISO Standards (2)

• Trade
  – Remove technical trade barriers
  – Support political trade agreements
• Planet
  – Standards for air, water, soil, emissions
    contribute toward environment
• Everyone
  – Contribute to quality of life ensuring transport,
    machinery and tools are safe
       Hallmark of ISO Brand
• Equal footing
  – Every ISO member institution has right to take part
  – 1 nation –1 vote regardless of size or economic strength
• Voluntary
  – ISO has no legal authority
  – Adopted by nations – health, safety, etc
• Market driven
  – Developed by experts from industry, technical, business,
    government, academic
• Consensus
  – Ensures widespread applicability
  – Remain current
               ISO Committees and
           the Geographic Community
•   ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 24 Computer graphics and image processing
•   ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 32 Data Management and Interchange
•   ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 35 User interfaces
•   ISO/TC 20 /SC 13 Space data and information transfer systems
•   ISO/TC 23/SC 19 Agricultural electronics
•   ISO/TC 46/WG 2 - Coding of country names and related entities
•   ISO/TC 82 Mining
•   ISO/TC 130 Graphic Technology
•   ISO/TC 204 Transport Information and Control Systems (WG3 GDF)
•   ISO/TC 211 Geographic Information/Geomatics
           ISO/TC 211
  Geographic Information/Geomatics

… building the foundation of the geospatial
infrastructure, brick by brick ...
            Scope of ISO/TC 211
• Standardization in the field of digital geographic information.
• This work aims to establish a structured set of standards for
  information concerning objects or phenomena that are directly or
  indirectly associated with a location relative to the Earth.
• These standards may specify, for geographic information,
  methods, tools and services for data management (including
  definition and description), acquiring, processing, analyzing,
  accessing, presenting and transferring such data in
  digital/electronic form between different users, systems and
  locations.
• This work shall link to appropriate standards for information
  technology and data where possible, and provide a framework for
  the development of sector-specific applications using geographic
  data.
Who Are We ? ...Member List
  Active Members (P-members), 29 Countries

Australia    Italy              Saudi Arabia
Austria      Japan              South Africa
Belgium      Republic of Korea  Spain
Canada       Malaysia           Sweden
China        Morocco            Switzerland
Czech Rep.   New Zealand        Thailand
Denmark      Norway             Turkey
Finland      Portugal           United Kingdom
Germany      Russian Federation United States of
                                America
Hungary
                                Yugoslavia
                    Member List
       Observing Members 27 (20 O-members, 4
              Corresponding Members)
Argentina            Iceland         Pakistan
Bahrain (corr.)      India           Philippines
Brunei Darussalam    Isl. Rep. of Iran Poland
(corr.)
                     Ireland         Slovakia
Colombia
                     Jamaica         Slovenia
Cuba
                     Kenya           Tanzania
Estonia (corr.)
                     Mauritius       Ukraine
France
                     Netherlands     Uruguay
Greece
                     Oman            Zimbabwe
Hong Kong (corr.)
                 External Liaisons, 1 of 2
•   CEOS, Committee on Earth Observation Satellites
•   DGIWG, Digital Geographic Information Working Group
•   EPSG, European Petroleum Survey Group
•   FAO, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
•   FIG, International Federation of Surveyors
•   GSDI, Global Spatial Data Infrastructure
•   IAG, International Association of Geodesy
•   ICA, International Cartographic Association
•   ICAO, International Civil Aviation Organization
•   IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society
•   IHB, International Hydrographic Bureau
•   ISCGM, International Steering Committee for Global Mapping
•   ISPRS, International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing
             External Liaisons, 2 of 2
• JRC, Joint Research Centre, European Commission
• OGC, Open GIS Consortium, Incorporated
• PCGIAP, The Permanent Committee on GIS Infrastructure
  for Asia and the Pacific
• PC IDEA, Permanent Committee on Spatial Data
  Infrastructure for the Americas
• SCAR, Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research UN
  Economic Commission for Europe, Statistical Division
• UNGIWG, United Nations Geographic Information
  Working Group
• WMO, World Meteorological Organization
• UNGEGN, United Nations Group of Experts on
  Geographical Names
• CEN/TC 287, Geographic information
       ISO/TC 211 Organization
                                  Chairman
                                Olaf Østensen
                                  Secretary                AG Strategy
         AG WSI
                              Bjørnhild Sæterøy
              TMG                  Norway              AG Outreach
               TF 211/204                              MHT




     WG 4          WG 6            WG 7              WG 8           WG 9
Morten BorrebækDouglas O’Brien Antony Cooper      John Rowley    Hiroshi Imai
    Norway        Canada        South Africa          UK            Japan


 Geospatial       Imagery     Information         Location      Information
  services                    communities          based        management
                                                  services
   ISO 6709:1983, Standard representation of latitude,        ISO/RS 19124 - Imagery and gridded data
    longitude and altitude for geographic point locations                components
   ISO 19101 - Reference model                                ISO 19125 - Simple feature access – Part 1-3
   ISO 19102 – Overview - deleted                             ISO 19126 - Profile - FACC Data Dictionary
   ISO/TS 19103 - Conceptual schema language                  ISO 19127 - Geodetic codes and parameters
   ISO 19104 - Terminology                                    ISO 19128 - Web Map Server Interface
   ISO 19105 - Conformance and testing                        ISO 19129 - Imagery, gridded and coverage data
   ISO 19106 - Profiles                                                              framework
   ISO 19107 - Spatial schema                                 ISO 19130 - Sensor and data model for imagery
   ISO 19108 - Temporal schema                                                       and gridded data
   ISO 19109 - Rules for application schema                   ISO 19131 - Data product specification
   ISO 19110 - Feature cataloguing methodology                ISO 19132 - Location based services possible standards
   ISO 19111 - Spatial referencing by coordinates             ISO 19133 - Location based services tracking and navigation
   ISO 19112 - Spatial referencing by geographic              ISO 19134 - Multimodal location based services
            identifiers                                                               for routing and navigation
   ISO 19113 - Quality principles                             ISO 19135 - Procedures for registration of
   ISO 19114 - Quality evaluation procedures                                         geographic information items
   ISO 19115 - Metadata                                       ISO 19136 – Geography Markup Language (GML)
   ISO 19116 - Positioning services                           ISO 19137 - Generally used profiles of the spatial schema and
   ISO 19117 – Portrayal                                       of similar important other schemas
   ISO 19118 - Encoding                                       ISO 19138 - Data Quality Measures
   ISO 19119 - Services                                       ISO 19139 - Metadata - Implementation Specification
   ISO/TR 19120 - Functional standards + new rev              ISO 19140 - Technical amendment to the ISO 191** Geographic
   ISO/TR 19121 Imagery and gridded data                       information series of standards for harmonization and
   ISO/TR 19122 - Qualifications and certification             enhancements
                          of personnel
   ISO 19123 - Schema for coverage geometry and
                          functions
                                              ISO TC 211 Program of Work
                    The Foundation
• Framework/standards infrastructure
   – basic architecture
      • ISO 19101
   – service architecture
      • ISO 19119
• Locate, understand
   – Metadata
      • ISO 19113, 14, 15
• Basic structure
   – Spatial, temporal schemas, CRS definition
      • ISO 19107-9, 11
• Access
   – Simple feature access, ISO 19125
• Data content descriptions
   – ISO 19103, 19109, 19110, etc
           Completed Standards
                  The Building Blocks


•   ISO 19101:2002 - Reference model
•   ISO 19105:2000- Conformance and testing
•   ISO 19107:2003 - Spatial schema
•   ISO 19108:2003 - Temporal schema
•   ISO 19111:2003 - Spatial referencing by coordinates
•   ISO 19113:2002 - Quality principles
•   ISO 19114:2003 - Quality evaluation procedures
•   ISO 19115:2003 - Metadata
•   And several technical reports
     Draft International Standards
 ISO 19104 - Terminology
 ISO 19106 - Profiles
 ISO 19109 - Rules for application schema
 ISO 19110 - Feature cataloguing methodology
 ISO 19112 - Spatial referencing by geographic
  identifiers
 ISO 19116 - Positioning services
 ISO 19117 - Portrayal
 ISO 19118 - Encoding
 ISO 19119 - Services
 ISO 19125 - Simple feature access – Part 1-2
The Challenge for ISO/TC 211...
  ... to retain a strong foothold in infrastructure
  requirements, while being flexible in responding to
  emerging needs ...          location based
                                     services
                                    GSDI
            infrastructure             information
             requirements              communities ....
                                   enterprise systems
                                  eGovernment
                                 eCommerce ....
Geographic Information Standards

• ISO 19100 suite of       • ISO TC 211
  standards                  – Organizing for the
  – Maturing                   future
  – Providing the basics     – Addressing broader
  – Adopted by nations         community issues
  – Implementation by        – Maintaining
    industry                   leadership role