primary color wheel

INSTRUCTOR: DATE: CLASS PERIOD: UNIT TOPIC: Creating Basic Geometric Floral Designs LESSON TITLE: The Element of Color COURSE: AgSc 363 Floral Design and Interior Landscape Development TEKS: 119.52 (c)(3)(A) _______________ IMS REFERENCE: 8946-B _____________ OBJECTIVES. The student will be able to:  Recognize the element of color and its use in floral design.  Recognize and explain the differences between primary colors, secondary colors, and tertiary colors.  Distinguish among the three dimensions of color: hue, value, and chroma.  Recognize color harmony and color schemes used in floral design.  Describe the emotional qualities and symbolisms of color.  Describe the uses of color in establishing the principles of floral design. KEY TERMS. Advancing colors Chroma Color Color harmony Color wheel Gray scale Hue Neutral color Primary color Receding color Secondary color Tertiary color Value TEACHING MATERIALS AND RESOURCES  IMS Student Material topic #8946-B  Notes sheet for “The Element of Color”  “Color Harmonies” worksheet  Topic Test for IMS Student Material topic #8946-B  Prism  Flashlight or light source  Color Wheel  Paper plates  Construction paper of various color wheel colors  Glue  Acrylic or water based paints  Artist‟s paint brushes  White note cards  Examples or photos of warm-colored flowers and cool-colored flowers  Photos or pictures of floral designs  Plain sugar cookies  White icing  Food coloring TEACHING PROCEDURES---Preparation, Presentation, Application, Evaluation Preparation (Interest Approach/Motivator) Key Points Link: Have the students take a look at their surroundings. Ask them to observe and write down the different colors they see. What would our lives be like if we could not see colors? Motivation: Ask the students to associate a color with each of the following holidays and seasons:  Valentine‟s Day  Easter  Independence Day  Halloween  Thanksgiving  Christmas  Spring  Summer  Autumn  Winter Ask the students to explain their responses. What influences in your lives have caused you to associate the specific colors with the certain holidays and seasons? Overview: In this lesson, the students will:  Recognize the element of color and its use in floral design.  Recognize and explain the differences between primary colors, secondary colors, and tertiary colors.  Distinguish among the three dimensions of color: hue, value, and chroma.  Recognize color harmony and color schemes used in floral design.  Describe the emotional qualities and symbolisms of color.  Describe the uses of color in establishing the principles of floral design. Hand out sheet for student note taking. Methods Student thought and reflection Teacher-led discussion with student response Review of objectives Presentation Key Points What is color? What is its importance in floral design? How does color affect our emotional responses? Color is the reflection of light from a pigmented surface transmitted to the brain by the eyes. It is a dynamic language in floral design because it expresses messages of joy, comfort, warmth, love, holidays, and seasons. Colors and combinations of colors affect us psychologically. They stimulate emotional responses that vary among each of us, depending on our on personal experiences and perceptions of the colors. That is why we each respond differently to color. The Science of Color When passed through a prism, white light separates into a color spectrum. (Relate the process to the natural phenomenon of sunlight passing through water droplets to create a rainbow.) The three primary colors of the color spectrum are red, yellow, and blue. These colors cannot be separated into other colors. Secondary colors created by mixing equal parts of primary colors are orange, green, and violet. Mixing equal parts of a primary color with a secondary color results in six tertiary or intermediate colors: red-orange, yellow-orange, yellow-green, blue-green, blue-violet, and red-violet. (Point out that the first word of a tertiary color name is the primary color and the second word is the secondary color.) Introduce the color wheel as a tool used by designers to study the relationships of colors and their harmonies with each other. Construct a representation of a color wheel. What three common colors are not shown on the color wheel? White, black, and gray are not on the color wheel. They are neutral colors that make up the gray scale. Methods Student thought and reflection Teacher-led discussion Demonstrate the process of light passing through a prism. Application #1 Student thought and reflection This leads to our discussion on the three dimensions of color – hue, value, and chroma. Three Dimensions of Color Hue – the descriptive name of a color. Value – the lightness or darkness of a color achieved by the addition of white, gray, or black to create a tint, tone, or shade, respectively.  Color + white = tint  Color + gray = tone  Color + black = shade Chroma – the degree of intensity, strength, saturation, or purity of a color. A color‟s freedom from white, gray, or black. Color Combinations That Influence Emotions Have students think of color combinations associated with various holidays and occasions. What makes the color combinations pleasing? Pleasing color combinations result from the combining of colors and their tints, tones, and shades to form color harmonies. Color harmonies may be related or contrasting, depending on their location on the color wheel. Related color harmonies include:  Monochromatic – tints, tones, and shades of the same color.  Analogous – adjacent colors on the color wheel. Contrasting color harmonies include:  Complementary – colors directly opposite on the color wheel.  Split complementary – combination of one color with two colors on either side of its direct complement.  Triadic – combination of three colors equally spaced on the color wheel  Polychromatic – includes a wide range of colors from the color wheel. Construct representations of the six color harmonies. Complete worksheet of color harmonies. Application #2 Evaluation #1 Teacher-led discussion Student thought and reflection Teacher-led discussion Demonstrate color tint, tone, and shade using acrylic or water-based paints. Emotions and Personalities of Colors Color creates moods and evokes emotions. Human responses to an individual color are not universal. However, the warmth or coolness expressed by a color has an effect on its emotional impact. Warm, Advancing Colors:  Resemble fire and heat.  Express activity and excitement.  Make flowers appear larger, closer, and more dominant in an arrangement.  Red, red-violet, red-orange, orange-yellow. Cool,     Receding Colors: Represent water and ice. Express peace, calm, and relaxation. Make flowers appear to recede and look smaller. Blue, blue-green, blue-violet. Teacher-led discussion Show examples or photos of flowers that portray warm colors and those that express cool colors. Color and Its Relationship to Design Principles To create dominance and establish focal area:  Allow one color to dominate.  Use warmer and darker colors. To create unity:  Use repetition of color throughout design. To establish visual balance:  Place flowers with darker colors lower in the arrangement and closer the center of the design to create visual stability. To establish proportion:  Position smaller, lighter-colored flowers in greater quantities at the perimeter of the arrangement.  Place larger, darker-colored flowers in fewer numbers in the focal area. To develop rhythm:  Use one color at the focal point and repeat it throughout the arrangement with a tint, tone, or shade of the color. Using photos or pictures of floral designs, describe how color is used to reinforce the design principles within each design. Review the lesson objectives. Application #3 Review of objectives Divide students into groups and create an “edible” color wheel using plain sugar cookies, white icing, and food coloring. Complete topic test. Application #4 Evaluation #2 Application Key Points Application #1:  Create a color wheel using a paper plate, construction paper, and glue. Label each color as primary, secondary, or tertiary. Application #2:  Glue bits of colored construction paper onto white note cards to represent the six color harmonies. Identify the color harmony represented on each card and note whether it is related or contrasting. Application #3:  Using pictures or photos of floral arrangements, study, observe, and describe how color is used to reinforce the principles of design. Application #4:  Mix food coloring with portions of white icing to create representations of the colors on the color wheel. Apply the icing to plain sugar cookies. Arrange the cookies in a circular manner on a paper plate to represent the arrangement of colors on the color wheel. Methods Activity Activity Activity Activity Evaluation/Summary Key Points Evaluation #1:  Complete worksheet of color harmonies. Evaluation #2:  Complete topic test. Methods Worksheet Worksheet REFERENCES: Anderson, Gary. Floral Design and Marketing. Columbus, OH. Ohio Agricultural Education Curriculum Materials Service. 1995. Biondo, Ronald J. and Dianne A. Noland. Floriculture: From Greenhouse Production to Floral Design. Danville, IL: Interstate Publishers, Inc., 2000. Book of Floral Terminology. Balitmore, MD: The American Institute of Floral Designers, 1999. Design Master: As a Designer. Boulder, CO: Design Master® Color Tool, Inc., 1998. Encycloflora: Advanced Floral Design. Los Angeles, CA: Teleflora, 1994. Encycloflora: Basic Floral Design. Los Angeles, CA: Teleflora, 1994. Flowers by Design. Lansing, MI: The John Henry Company®, 1998. Griner, Charles. Floriculture: Designing and Merchandising. Albany, NY: Delmar Publishers, Inc., 2002 Hunter, Norah T. The Art of Floral Design. Albany, NY: Delmar Publishers, Inc. 2000. Ingels, Jack E. Ornamental Horticulture: Science, Operations, and Management. Albany, NY: Delmar Publishers, Inc., 2001. Johnson, James L., William J. McKinley, Jr., M. „Buddy‟ Benz. Flowers: Creative Design. College Station, TX: San Jacinto Publishing Co., 2001.