Immunology of Human Disease
BIO421 Spring 2002 Dr. Baker, Dr. Eckdahl
History of Immunology
• Edward Jenner, 1796
– Cowpox (vaccinia)
• Louis Pasteur, 1880s
– Chicken cholera, rabies • Emil von Behring & Shibasaburo Kitasato, 1890 – Diptheria passive immunization in animals – Serum components called antitoxins
• Landsteiner, 1890s
– Nonmicrobial antigens, coined antibody
• Elie Metchnikoff, ca. 1900
– Cellularists
• Ehrlich, ca. 1900
– Humoralists
Immunity
• Innate (natural, native)
– Present prior to exposure – Not enhanced by exposure – Does not discriminate
• Adaptive (specific, acquired)
– Amplifies and directs innate mechanisms – Discriminates
• Among foreign entities • Between self and foreign
– Memory
Components
• Cells
– – – – Lymphocytes Granulocytes Moncytes Dendritic cells
• Organs
– Primary lymphoid – Secondary lymphoid
Immune Response
• Innate
– Immediate – Phagocytic macrophages
• Engulf bacteria • Release cytokines, chemokines
– Complement – Inflammation – Processing of pathogen for Presentation
Immune Response
• Adaptive
– Antigen Presenting Cells – Lymphocyte activation
• Clonal selection
– Effector Mechanisms
• Humoral • Cellular
– Memory
Humoral Response
• Antibody functions
– Neutralize – opsonize – activate complement
• Complement
– Inflammatory response – Cytotoxicity
Cellular Response
• Cytotoxic T Cells
– MHC I – Response to cytosolic immunogen
• TH1 Cells
– MHC II – Response to intracellular pathogens
• Helper T Cells
– MHC II – Response to exptracellular