Immunology and Cancer

Immunology and Cancer and Some Concepts on Non-Immunological Host-Response in Cancer Folder Title: CxImmuno Updated: April 12, 2007 TtlCxImm General Concepts on Host-Response in Cancer (Part 1) Does the Host Respond to Prevent Oncogenesis? Does the Host Respond to Limit Neoplastic Growth and Progression? If So, How Does the Host Respond? What Exactly Is the Host Recognizing? • To Prevent Oncogenesis • To Limit Growth and Progression GenResp1 General Concepts on Host-Response in Cancer (Part 2) Is the Appearance and Growth of Cancer Related to Weakened Host Response? Genetically Weakened? Environmentally Weakened? Physiologically or Pathologically Weakened? Can Host Response Actually Facilitate Tumor Appearance and Enhance Tumor Growth and Progression? Can the Recognition and Response Mechanisms be Mobilized, Enhanced, and Directed for Cancer Management and Cancer Therapy? Can They Be Used in Cancer Prevention? GenResp2 Non-Immunological Host-Responses in Cancer Anti-carcinogenic Effects: Deactivation, Elimination DNA Repair Mechanisms Genetically-directed Apoptosis (May Function in Anti-tumor Immunity Also) Differentiation-inducing Factors Oncolytic Cytokines (May Function in Anti-tumor Immunity Also) Hormonal Responses Anti-Angiogenesis Factors Affecting Tumors Psychological Factors (May Function in Anti-tumor Immunity Also) NonImmRe Non-Specific Innate Natural Immunity vs Specific Adaptive Immunity in Cancer Innate Natural Immunity Specific Adaptive Immunity No Specific Antigen Recognition Specific Antigen Recognition Not Antibody-dependent Can Involve Antibodies No Antigen-specific T-Cell Receptor Uses T-Cell Receptors Not MHC-Restricted MHC-Restricted (Recognizes Altered-self) No Memory Response Exhibits Immunlogical Memory No Priming & Second-set Response Enhanced Secondary Responses No Clonal Selection & Expansion Involves Clonal Selection and Expansion of T- and B-Cells Non&Spec Cells and Factors in the Natural Immune Response in Cancer Natural Killer (NK) Lymphocytes • Non-B-Cell, Non-T-Cell "Null" Lymphocytes • Activated by Interferon Activated Macrophages • Includes Splenic MPh's, Liver Kupfer Cells, Alveolar (Lung) MPh's, Brain Glial Cells, and others Granulocytes (Polymorphonuclear Leucocytes) • Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils, Tissue Mast Cells Activated Non-Antigen-Specific T-Cells • Lymphokine-activated Killer Cells (LAK) Cytokines • Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), Interferons • Interleukins (e.g. IL-2) CxNatImm Potential Tumor Antigen Targets (from Pitot, Lecture 24, OnLine) CxAgsPitot Pitot, OnLine Lecture 24 TnBTargets Vaccination of Mice with Irradiated Killed Tumor Cells Figure 15.17 The Biology of Cancer (© Garland Science 2007) p. 673 Figure 15.3b The Biology of Cancer (© Garland Science 2007 p. 658) Figure 15.12d The Biology of Cancer (© Garland Science 2007) p. 666 MHC Class I Modulation and Escape from T-Cell Lysis from Kuby, Immunology MHCEscap