HIV AIDS Weakens the Immune System

HIV/AIDS Weakens the Immune System Opportunistic infections: • Pneumonia • Meningitis • Some cancers • Tuberculosis (TB) • Other parasitic, viral and fungal infections that weaken the immune system © 2006 Population Reference Bureau Global Estimates – HIV/AIDS • People now living with HIV • New HIV infections in 2005 • Deaths due to AIDS by the end of 2005 40 million 4.9 million 25 million © 2006 Population Reference Bureau Growth of the AIDS Epidemic People With HIV/AIDS, Cumulative Regional Totals Millions 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1995 1998 2000 2002 2004 Sub-Saharan Africa Europe & N. America* Caribbean Asia Eastern Europe & Central Asia Latin America North Africa & Middle East *Western and Central Europe & North America. Source: UNAIDS/WHO, 2005. © 2006 Population Reference Bureau Map of HIV Prevalence Worldwide 2005 Adults Ages 15-49 with HIV 15.01% - 34.0% 5.01% - 15.0% 1.01% - 5.0% 0.51% - 1.0% 0.0% - 0.5% Not available Source: UNAIDS, 2006 Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic, 2006. © 2006 Population Reference Bureau People Now Living with HIV North America 1.3 million Western & Eastern Europe Central Europe & Central Asia Caribbean 330,000 1.5 million East Asia 750 000 North Africa & Middle East 440,000 South & South-East Asia 7.6 million Sub-Saharan Africa 720,000 Latin America 1.6 million 24.5 million Oceania 78,000 Total: 40 million Source: UNAIDS, 2006 Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic, 2006. © 2006 Population Reference Bureau HIV Demographics, Worldwide Composition of the Population Living with HIV, 2005 Children 6% Men 49% Women 45% Source: UNAIDS, 2006 Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic, 2006. © 2006 Population Reference Bureau HIV Demographics, Africa Composition of the Population Living with HIV, 2005 Sub-Saharan Africa Children 8% Women 29% Rest of the World Children 2% Men 38% Women 54% Men 69% Source: UNAIDS, 2006 Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic, 2006. © 2006 Population Reference Bureau Adults with HIV Who are Women 2005 Percent North America Western and Central Europe Eastern Europe/Central Asia East Asia South/Southeast Asia Latin America North Africa/Middle East Caribbean Sub-Saharan Africa World 26 28 28 28 30 30 48 53 59 48 Source: UNAIDS, 2006 Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic, 2006. © 2006 Population Reference Bureau Effect of AIDS on Life Expectancy 2015-2020 Projections for Selected Countries Life expectancy at birth, in years 69 63 72 67 76 65 58 62 66 46 39 42 Lesotho Malawi Zimbabwe With AIDS Belize Without AIDS Haiti Cambodia Source: United Nations, World Population Prospects: The 2004 Revision, 2005. © 2006 Population Reference Bureau Effect of AIDS on Child Mortality Selected Countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, 2002-2005 Deaths of children under age 5 per 1,000 live births 143 118 98 78 74 73 78 123 117 71 43 43 Kenya Lesotho Nambia With AIDS South Africa Swaziland Zimbabwe Without AIDS Source: UNAIDS and UNICEF, A Call to Action: Children, The Missing Face of AIDS, 2005; and United Nations, World Population Prospects: The 2004 Revision, 2005. © 2006 Population Reference Bureau AIDS’ Toll on Population Structure, South Africa Population Structure in 2020 Millions Age 80+ 75 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 3 Males Females 2 1 With AIDS 0 Without AIDS 1 2 3 Source: United Nations, World Population Prospects: The 2004 Revision (CD-ROM Edition—Extended Dataset), 2005. © 2006 Population Reference Bureau Slower Population Growth Populations continue to grow in many heavily affected countries, although the growth is less than it would be in the absence of AIDS. © 2006 Population Reference Bureau South Africa’s Population With and Without AIDS Millions 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1980 1985 1990 1995 With AIDS 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 Without AIDS Source: United Nations, World Population Prospects: The 2004 Revision (CD-ROM Edition—Extended Dataset), 2005. © 2006 Population Reference Bureau HIV – Only Health Problem or a Development Issue? • Public Health Burden  Overwhelms health systems in many countries • Labor, Business, and Agriculture  Losses in skilled labor  Decreases productivity; having an economic impact  Threatens agricultural production and food security • Governance and Public Service  Country losses of political leaders and civil servants  Revenues decline and costs rise  Demand for social services increases © 2006 Population Reference Bureau Poverty and HIV/AIDS • Inadequate access to accurate information or prevention services • Seeing no alternative besides sex work, for some women  Labor migration – leads to increased vulnerability and spread of HIV • Once infected, inadequate access to health care and treatment • Vicious cycle of poverty, such as children orphaned because of AIDS © 2006 Population Reference Bureau About 11,000 New HIV Infections a Day in 2005 • More than 95% are in low and middle income countries • About 1,500 are in children under age 15 • About 10,000 are adults age 15 and older, of whom:  almost 50% are women  about 40% are ages 15–24 Source: UNAIDS, 2006 Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic, 2006. © 2006 Population Reference Bureau Children Estimated to be Living with HIV Children are defined as under age 15 North America 11,000 Western & Eastern Europe Central Europe & Central Asia 4,000 6,900 East Asia Caribbean North Africa & Middle East 22,000 31,000 6,400 South & South-East Asia Latin America Sub-Saharan Africa 170,000 32,000 2.0 million Oceania 3,000 Total: 2.3 million Source: UNAIDS, 2006 Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic, 2006. © 2006 Population Reference Bureau Global HIV and AIDS Estimates for Children Children are defined as under age 15 • Children living with HIV • New HIV infections in 2005 • Deaths due to AIDS in 2005 2.3 million 540,000 380,000 Source: UNAIDS, 2006 Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic, 2006. © 2006 Population Reference Bureau In Summary • HIV / AIDS - global epidemic • Obvious impacts on demographic trends, especially population projections • Visual patterns of mortality and health © 2006 Population Reference Bureau