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CCNA Exploration: Eagle Server
Introduction
The top-down approach adopted in CCNA Exploration: Network Fundamentals presents students with the
opportunity to experience the setting up, implementing and analyzing Application layer services in a
network lab environment.
A key part of the e-doing in Exploration Network Fundamentals is the basing of many hands-on labs on a
model Internet that uses a local server to provide a range of network services and applications that
students can experience in the lab environment.
This document includes a Server FAQ and supplements the Lab Orientation and Setup document.
It is recommended that instructors read both this FAQ and the Lab Orientation and Setup documents
before proceeding with using Eagle Server.
The Network Services Provided
Instant Messaging
Wiki Server
Domain Name Server
Email Server
Web Server
FTP
TFTP
SSH
How the Services are Provided
To cater to the range of computer lab resources at Academies, there are several options as to how these
services can be deployed in the lab.
1. Bootable CD-ROM downloadable as an ISO image
In this form the server can be implemented two ways:
(A) From the CD – This provides flexibility if lab resources are shared with non-CCNA classes or courses.
The CD contains a bootable Linux file system, and may run network services directly from RAM. This
means any available PC meeting the specifications (see the FAQ) can temporarily act as the server for
the duration of the class. Although Linux based, no knowledge of this operating system is required to run
the basic server in the lab. Once running in this form no further attention needs to be given to the server
for the duration of the lab period. However, any modifications made to the Server are lost when the
computer is rebooted.
(B) As a permanent server - If a PC is available to be permanently used as the server then, the file
system may be installed on spare Linux or Windows FAT partitions on the PC hard disk drive. Instructions
for use are displayed when the Eagle Server CD is booted. (See the FAQ.) A permanent installation
enables any modifications made to the Server to be retained when the computer is rebooted and re-used
in later labs.
2. Downloadable compressed VMware image (Can be copied to CD-ROM or DVD)
Currently in development, this will enable the server to be deployed using VMware. This enables
Academies to flexibly make use of different lab and classroom computer resources that they may have
available at different times. The two options being developed are:
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(A) Run from the virtual image – The server runs as virtual server on a computer running VMware Player.
Any changes made to the server do not persist when the virtual server is restarted.
(B) As a virtual server installed on a PC hard disk drive – Any changes to the server are retained when
rebooted.
See the FAQ for information about installing and managing VMware.
How it works
The connected pods of PCs and the switch, S1-Central, provide the LAN context. Router R2-Central
manages the LAN and provides the gateway to a WAN link that connects to router R1-ISP. R1-ISP
represents an Internet access and service provider. The Server provides the network services and
applications typically accessed over the Internet.
The following Server FAQ provides information regarding specific issues.
The Lab Orientation and Setup (separate document) provides the setup, familiarization instructions and
switch and router configurations.
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Eagle Server v2.0 FAQ
About Eagle Server .................................................................................................................. 4
1. Q: What is Eagle Server? ................................................................................................................ 4
2. Q: How do I get Eagle Server? ........................................................................................................ 4
3. Q: How can I use Eagle Server? ..................................................................................................... 4
4. Q: What are the hardware requirements? ....................................................................................... 4
Installation Options .................................................................................................................. 5
1. Q: How do I burn an ISO image to CD? .......................................................................................... 5
2. Q: Are there any preparations needed before starting the computer?............................................ 5
3. Q: How do I use Eagle Server from CD? ........................................................................................ 5
4. Q: How do I install and use Eagle Server on a Windows computer? .............................................. 5
5. Q: How do I install and use Eagle Server on a Linux computer? .................................................... 6
6. Q: Is there a VMWare image of Eagle Server? ............................................................................... 6
7. Q: How do I disable X server, and use only the command line? .................................................... 7
Services and Applications ....................................................................................................... 7
1. Q: What are the default users on the server, and how do I change passwords? ........................... 7
2. Q: What DNS names are used? ...................................................................................................... 7
3. Q: What are the network services? ................................................................................................. 8
4. Q: What Windows client software is available? ............................................................................... 9
5. Q: How do I download and install Windows client software that is not included with Eagle Server?
.............................................................................................................................................................. 9
Eagle Server Development ................................................................................................... 11
1. Q: How do I build my own Linux Live Eagle Server? .................................................................... 11
Problems and Solutions ........................................................................................................ 11
1. Q: Who do I contact for questions or problems? ........................................................................... 11
2. Q: How can I speed up network services? .................................................................................... 11
3. Q: Troubleshooting connectivity issues. ........................................................................................ 12
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About Eagle Server
1. Q: What is Eagle Server?
A: Eagle Server was created to provide Cisco Network Academy participants with a flexible
server that supports an isolated lab environment, disconnected from the Internet. It resides
on a bootable CD. The operating system is Linux Fedora Core 3, which reduces hardware
requirements.
2. Q: How do I get Eagle Server?
A: Eagle Server can be downloaded from the Tools section of Academy Connection. In
Tools select the CCNA Exploration: Network Fundamentals course then download the
compressed file associated with "CCNA Eagle Server CD, v2.0 iso; Network Application
server software".
3. Q: How can I use Eagle Server?
A: Eagle Server can be run directly from the CD or DVD for quick, portable use. Or, the
server can be loaded onto a Windows or Linux computer with 4 GB free hard disk space.
See Installation Options, below, for more information.
4. Q: What are the hardware requirements?
A: Computer hardware, such as graphics and network interface cards, must be compatible
with Fedora Core 1. For use as a lab server, the following recommendations are provided:
Specification Minimum Preferred
CPU Intel Pentium Class 3 or better, or AMD Intel Pentium 4 or
P-III equivalent, 800 MHz. better.
RAM 256 MB (run from HDD) 512 (run from HDD)
512 MB (run on CD) 1GB (run from CD)
HDD 4 GB (run from HDD) 10 GB (run from HDD)
0 (run from RAM) 0 (run from RAM)
CD/DVD Linux-compatible, 10x (run from HDD) Linux-compatible, 48x
(run from HDD)
Linux-compatible, 30x (run from RAM)
48x (run from RAM)
Graphics card Linux-compatible Same as minimum.
NIC 1 Linux-compatible Same as minimum.
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Installation Options
1. Q: How do I burn an ISO image to CD?
A: Eagle Server is stored as an ISO image file. Within the image is all the information
necessary to create a filesystem. After uncompressing the downloaded file, the ISO file
needs to be written to a CD-ROM or DVD as an image (not data). The image cannot be
copied to CD or DVD the same as a data file is copied. There are numerous free, open
source, and proprietary ISO recorders available. For example, ImgBurn is a freeware utility.
The home page is http://www.imgburn.com/, along with a brief tutorial on how to use the
software.
2. Q: Are there any preparations needed before starting the computer?
A: Two steps should be followed before starting Eagle Server:
(1) Eagle Server is configured to support only one network interface card (NIC), in Linux-
speak eth0. Multiple NICs, whether wired or wireless, will confuse proper network
configuration and lead to unexpected results. Guidelines:
Built-in wireless NICs should be disabled in the BIOS, before starting the CD.
If the computer has multiple wired NICs, only the first NIC, eth0, will be activated
by Eagle Server. Insure only eth0 is cabled. If there is only one NIC, that NIC is
eth0. Additional NICs that are not cabled will remain inactive, and not affect Eagle
Server operation.
(2) Power sequencing is important.
Ensure that at a minimum router R1-ISP interface Fa0/0 is configured with IP
address 192.168.254.253, mask 255.255.255.0 and the no shutdown command
has been issued.
Connect a crossover cable between R1-ISP Fa0/0 and the server NIC.
Power on the router first before starting Eagle Server.
3. Q: How do I use Eagle Server from CD?
A: This is the fastest way to use Eagle Server. To run the server from a CD and have
modified files stored in RAM, first complete the preparation steps, above.
Next, boot the computer from CD. When the opening screen appears, press <ENTER>. This
will load the Linux kernel.
Type option 1, and the server will install in RAM. Additional software must be added (see
Services and Applications, #5) each time the computer is rebooted. To retain changes made
to the server, the server should be loaded on the hard drive. Instructions for installing the
server on the hard drive are covered below.
4. Q: How do I install and use Eagle Server on a Windows computer?
A: To install Eagle Server on a Windows computer, there must be 4 GB hard disk space
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free, or a blank, formatted, second hard disk. In either case, the free space must be
formatted for the FAT filesystem. NTFS filesystems have not been tested and probably will
not work.
Record the partition where the server will be installed, and boot the Eagle Server CD. When
the opening screen appears, press <ENTER>. This will load the Linux kernel. Type menu
option installonFAT. Follow the instructions that are displayed. The installation will take
approximately 15 minutes, depending on the speed of the CD.
Changes made to the server will be saved on the hard disk. Leave the CD in the tray, as it
will be needed to access the server partition when the computer is rebooted.
When the server is rebooted, press <ENTER> and type menu option runondisk.
5. Q: How do I install and use Eagle Server on a Linux computer?
A: To install Eagle Server on a Linux computer, there must be 4 GB hard disk space free or
an ext2/ext3 formatted second hard disk.
Record the partition where Eagle server will be installed, and boot the Eagle Server CD.
When the opening screen appears, press <ENTER>. This will load the Linux kernel. Type
menu option installonEXT. Follow the instructions that are displayed. The installation will
take approximately 15 minutes, depending on the speed of the CD.
6. Q: Is there a VMWare image of Eagle Server?
A: The Eagle Server ISO image has been encapsulated into a VMware environment, and is
also available from academy Connection Tools (see above). The file name is Eagle-
Server-version.rar. This file is compressed, and can be uncompressed with the Winrar
utility (http://www.rarlab.com/download.htm), or later versions of WinZip. The following steps
explain how to install and use Eagle Server within VMWare.
If not currently installed, download and install the latest version of WMWare Player
from URL: http://www.vmware.com/download/player/.
Download Eagle-Server-version.rar from the Eagle Server FTP site, listed
above.
Open the file in either Winrar or Winzip, and drag the Eagle-Server folder to the
computer’s desktop.
Double-click on folder Eagle-Server. Review the README.txt file that lists
minimum hardware requirements.
Double-click on the VMWare configuration file, Eagle_Server.vmx. This will start
Eagle Server inside VMWare.
Because the VMWare image is still in ISO format, changes will not be persistent. In
future releases a persistence option will be added.
Note: This form of Eagle Server is under development and Academies are requested to share their
experiences with the Academy Community.
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7. Q: How do I disable X server, and use only the command line?
A: X server, the GUI interface, consumes critical resources, especially on computers with
limited memory. If resources are an issue, disable X server:
From the terminal window, log in as root-
su - <ENTER>
Switch to the non-X server run level-
init 3 - <ENTER>
Various linux processes will stop, then restart in run level 3. When finished, a login
prompt will appear.
Services and Applications
1. Q: What are the default users on the server, and how do I change
passwords?
A: There are several default users. As with any Linux system, user root has system
privileges. User ids and passwords are case sensitive. The default password for all user
accounts is cisco. Following is a list of default users, and purpose:
User ID Purpose
root System administration
instructor Instructor account
cisco Generic user account
ccna1 through ccna22 Student accounts used in some labs.
Follow these steps to change account passwords. All passwords should be changed, but it
is imperative that at least the root account password is changed:
Open a terminal (on the bottom panel, click on the CRT icon).
Switch user to root: su - <ENTER>
At the prompt, type root's password: cisco <ENTER>
To change root's password: passwd <ENTER>
To change a normal account's password: passwd user id <ENTER>
**NOTE: a menu-driven script, pwchange, is available in root’s home directory. To change
all normal account passwords at once, type /root/pwchange and select option 5.
2. Q: What DNS names are used?
A: Domain example.com is configured for DNS. The following table shows name to IP
address translations:
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Name IP address
eagle-server.example.com 192.168.254.254
r1-isp.example.com 192.168.254.253
r2-central.example.com 172.16.255.254
s1-central.example.com 172.16.254.1
host1a-example.com 172.16.1.1
host1b-example.com 172.16.1.2
host2a-example.com 172.16.2.1
host2b-example.com 172.16.2.2
etc
host11a-example.com 172.16.11.1
host11b-example.com 172.16.11.2
provided the student lab computer is configured for this IP Address.
3. Q: What are the network services?
A: There are several common network services enabled by default. This means that client
applications can connect without any instructor modification or configuration to the server.
Service Purpose Client Example
HTTP Web server. Web browser pointed to URL
http://eagle-server.example.com
FTP FTP server. Serves Windows Web browser pointed to URL
software, such as Wireshark, ftp://eagle-server.example.com/pub
GAIM IRC client, Apache Web Command line Windows ftp client-
Server, Thunderbird Mail C:\> ftp eagle-
client, SolarWinds TFTP server.example.com
server.
TFTP Holds base configurations for Connect Cisco IOS device to the
Cisco Routers and Switch. server, configure networking, and
Device Filename download the configuration file.
R1-ISP r1-isp
R2-Central r2-central
S1-Central s1-central
SSH Allows the instructor to ssh eagle-
connect to the server from a server.example.com
host computer.
IPTables Firewall. Permitted source IP
addresses:
Network Bit
mask
10.0.0.0 8
172.16.0.0 12
192.168.0.0 16
209.165.200.224 27
209.165.201.0 27
209.165.202.128 27
IRC Provides chat server for Download GAIM client from eagle-
student labs. server, and connect to eagle-server
IRC server.
Wiki Provides wiki server for Web browser pointed to URL
student labs. http://eagle-
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server.example.com/twiki/bin/view/
Sandbox/WebHome
MAIL Provides SMTP and IMAP Download Thunderbird client from
mail services for student labs. eagle-server, and connect to eagle-
server SMTP and POP3 server.
4. Q: What Windows client software is available?
A: Various labs require students to install Windows client software. Following is a list of
Windows client software available on Eagle Server:
Software Description
gaim-1.5.0.exe Gaim is an instant
messaging application.
wireshark-setup- Network protocol
0.99.4.exe analyzer
Thunderbird Setup Windows email client.
1.5.0.9.exe
apache_2.2.4-win32- Windows web server.
x86-no_ssl.msi
*SolarWinds-TFTP- Windows TFTP server
Server.exe
*ttproversion.exe TeraTerm Pro Web 3.1.3
*Must be manually added to Eagle Server, due to
licensing restrictions. See Next FAQ.
5. Q: How do I download and install Windows client software that is not
included with Eagle Server?
A: Two Windows client applications are required for labs, but are not included with Eagle
Server. This is because licensing restrictions require the applications to be installed from the
corporate URL. The applications must be downloaded and put in the correct directory on
Eagle Server. If Eagle Server is run from CD, the applications must be installed each time
Eagle Server is rebooted.
Software Chapter / lab Eagle Server Location
*TeraTerm Pro Chapter 10 – /var/ftp/pub/eagle_
Lab 10.5.4: Establishing a labs/eagle1/chapter
Console Session with 10
HyperTerminal
*SolarWinds TFTP Chapter 11- /var/ftp/pub/eagle_
Server Lab 11.6.2: TFTP labs/eagle1/chapter
configuration 11
Download URL:
TeraTermPro- http://www.ayera.com/teraterm/
SolarWinds- http://solarwinds.net/downloads/SolarWinds-TFTP-Server.exe
There are several methods that can be used to put the applications into the correct Eagle
Server folders for student access. Using a workstation connected to the Internet, download
the two applications from the URLs shown above.
USB Drive:
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1. Put the two applications onto the USB drive. Safely remove the USB drive from the
workstation.
2. Insert the USB drive into Eagle Server.
3. On Eagle Server, maximize the terminal window and change user to root: su -
<ENTER> (default password- cisco).
4. Mount the USB drive: mount /dev/sda1 /media/usbdrive <ENTER>. Note-
the USB drive may be identified by something other than sda1. If the correct
physical device cannot be discovered for the USB drive, use FTP the files (shown
next).
5. Copy the files to the correct folder:
cp /media/usbdrive/ttpro*.zip
/var/ftp/pub/eagle_labs/eagle1/chapter10/ <ENTER>
cp /media/usbdrive/SolarWinds-TFTP-server.exe
/var/ftp/pub/eagle_labs/eagle1/chapter11/ <ENTER>
6. Unmount and remove the USB drive: umount /media/usbdrive <ENTER>.
After unmounting, the USB drive will be safe to remove.
FTP to Eagle Server:
1. Using a workstation connected to the internet, download the two applications
from the URLs shown above to the root directory (normally C:\).
2. Open a terminal window: Click on Start, Run. Type in cmd, then click OK.
3. Change directory to the root directory of the downloaded applications- cd c:\
<ENTER>.
4. FTP the applications to user cisco’s home directory:
C:\>ftp eagle-server.example.com
Connected to eagle-server.example.com.
220 Welcome to the eagle-server FTP service.
User (eagle-server.example.com:(none)): cisco
331 Please specify the password.
Password:cisco (hidden)
230 Login successful.
ftp> mput ttpro*
mput ttpro313.zip? y
200 PORT command successful. Consider using PASV.
150 Ok to send data.
226 File receive OK.
ftp: 972304 bytes sent in 1.64Seconds 592.51Kbytes/sec.
ftp> mput SolarWind*
mput SolarWinds-TFTP-server.exe? y
200 PORT command successful. Consider using PASV.
150 Ok to send data.
226 File receive OK.
ftp: 6402808 bytes sent in 9.27Seconds 691.00Kbytes/sec.
ftp> quit
221 Goodbye.
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C:\> exit
5. On Eagle Server, maximize the terminal window and change user to root: su -
<ENTER> (default password- cisco).
6. Change directory to user cisco’s home directory:: cd /home/cisco <ENTER>.
7. Move the files to the correct folder:
mv ttpro*.zip /var/ftp/pub/eagle_labs/eagle1/chapter10/
<ENTER>
(NOTE- this command is on the same line)
mv SolarWinds-TFTP-server.exe
/var/ftp/pub/eagle_labs/eagle1/chapter11/ <ENTER>
Eagle Server Development
1. Q: How do I build my own Linux Live Eagle Server?
A: A compressed VMWare file is available from the same location as Eagle Server (see above). Even
compressed, the file size approaches 2GB. A moderate degree of Linux knowledge is needed. A
terse description of what is required can be found in the uncompressed folder, file README.NEXT.
Additional information can be found on the ADIOS Linux Live CD home page,
http://os.cqu.edu.au/adios.
If you add to and enhance the features of Eagle Server in your lab please share this information with
the Academy Community.
Problems and Solutions
1. Q: Who do I contact for questions or problems?
A: The best way to identify problems is to notify your Regional Academy representative, or Academy
Connection CCNA Forums & Chat.
2. Q: How can I speed up network services?
A: Adding additional memory will help any server. Also, a fast CD will improve performance. If
desired, load Eagle Server on the computer’s hard drive.
Using the VMWare option will speed up performance, since the Eagle Server ISO image is
accessed from the computer’s HDD.
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3. Q: Troubleshooting connectivity issues.
A: Logical troubleshooting will help to quickly establish connectivity. Be sure the preparations were
followed before starting the server computer. If connectivity still cannot be established with Eagle
Server, follow these steps to identify and correct the problem:
From R1-ISP, try to ping the server:
R1-ISP# ping 192.168.254.254
If ping requests fail:
Verify that a known-good cross-over cable is used between R1-ISP, Fa0/0, and Eagle
Server, eth0.
Verify that R1-ISP interface Fa0/0 line and protocol are up:
R1-ISP# show interface fa0/0
Restart Eagle Server
o From the terminal window, switch to user root:
o $ su - <ENTER>
o # reboot
If R1-ISP has connectivity with the server but there are problems with any other network device, refer
to the Lab Orientation and Setup (distributed separately).
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