Global satellite observations of greenhouse gas emissions

EnVisat for Environmental Regulation of GREENhouse gases International Workshop 19-20 January 2006 EVERGREEN Global satellite observations of greenhouse gas emissions Coordinated by Albert P H Goede, KNMI Website: http://www.knmi.nl/evergreen EVERGREEN International Workshop 19-20 January 2006, KNMI, the Netherlands EC 5th Framework Programme EVG1-CT2002-00079 EVERGREEN Objectives     Retrieve emissions (sources, sinks) of CH4, CO, and possibly CO2 by inverse modelling of ENVISAT/SCIAMACHY measurements and from EOS Terra/MOPITT measurements Radiation budget/forcing calculations employing ENVISAT MIPAS and MSG/GERB data End user participation EU policy Contribution to Kyoto Protocol and Rio Convention EVERGREEN International Workshop 19-20 January 2006, KNMI, the Netherlands EVERGREEN Partners       KNMI (NL, coordinator), Univ. Bremen (DE), Univ. Leicester (GB), Univ. Heidelberg (DE), NILU (NO), SRON (NL),       MPI-BGC (DE), BIRA-IASB (BE), UPMC-SA (FR), RWE-Rheinbraun (DE), Univ. Liège (BE), EC-JRC-IES (IT) EVERGREEN International Workshop 19-20 January 2006, KNMI, the Netherlands EVERGREEN History       Proposal submitted: October 2001 Score 80 points out of 100 Excellent team, important though challenging objective, synergistic use of satellite instruments, links to industry Did not like radiative budget/forcing part Rescheduling of retrieval and validation task Overall budget cut of 25% Project Start: 1 February 2003 Project End: 31 January 2006 EVERGREEN International Workshop 19-20 January 2006, KNMI, the Netherlands   EVERGREEN Tasks/Leaders  Retrieval and validation: CH4, CO, CO2, plus O2 and clouds. M Buchwitz, Uni Bremen  Radiation budget modelling: use of measured CH4 distributions in radiative budget and radiative forcing calculations. P Monks, Uni Leicester (Inverse) modelling: CH4, CO, CO2 emissions derived from concentration measurements. J-F Meirink, KNMI EVERGREEN International Workshop 19-20 January 2006, KNMI, the Netherlands  EVERGREEN Task 1: retrieval and validation SCIAMACHY nadir/limb ESA ENVISAT (March 2002) UV-vis-NIR 2-stage spectrometer measuring absorbed and scattered sun light (230 nm – 2380 nm) from the Earth atmosphere (day only) GERB/EUMETSAT MSG-1 (Aug 2002) Measurement Total Radiation Emitted from Top of Atmosphere MIPAS limb ESA ENVISAT Infrared Fourier Transform spectrometer measuring the thermal emission (4.1 µm-14.6 µm) from the Earth atmosphere (day and night) MOPITT nadir NASA EOS Terra (Dec 1999) Gas correlation radiometer measuring solar 2.4µm and thermal 4.7 µm radiation EVERGREEN International Workshop 19-20 January 2006, KNMI, the Netherlands Status SATELITE data ENVISAT Instrument Status SCIAMACHY functions well (98% operational) Main source of data Channels 7 (CO2) and 8 (CO, CH4) suffer from Ice formation Reduced performance. MIPAS operates in campaign mode since January 2005 (3 days on, 4 days off). Reduced spectral resolution. Only test data for Jun 04Dec 04. ENVISAT on Ground Data System ESA operational data processor and data distribution system does not function properly. EVERGREEN relies on scientific data products from partners. MOPITT Only 4.7 µm CO channel operational (out of 8 channels) GERB operational but problems with geo-location of observations EVERGREEN International Workshop 19-20 January 2006, KNMI, the Netherlands SCIAMACHY Operations Statistics EVERGREEN International Workshop 19-20 January 2006, KNMI, the Netherlands SCIAMACHY very reliable operation (98% duty cycle) Could go on until 2010-2012 depending on ENVISAT operations (primarily funding) Decontamination Reduced Measurement 12,4% 10,2% 7,7% 0,8% 0,0% Nominal Measurement 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 74,5% 81,6% 89,4% 98,0% 97,4% OCM or ENVISAT "off" 7,4% 4,4% 0,4% 0,4% 2,6% 19th January 2006 SCIAMACHY "off" 5,8% 3,8% 2,4% 0,9% 0,0% DLR, Ch. Chlebek EVERGREEN International Workshop 19-20 January 2006, KNMI, the Netherlands SCIAMACHY spectral range CO2 CO CH4 EVERGREEN International Workshop 19-20 January 2006, KNMI, the Netherlands Ice layer on SCIAMACHY IR channels EVERGREEN International Workshop 19-20 January 2006, KNMI, the Netherlands SCIAMACHY IR channels 6 has no ice layer EVERGREEN International Workshop 19-20 January 2006, KNMI, the Netherlands Retrieval methane by Double DOAS Along its path through the atmosphere a solar photon is scattered by aerosol and cloud and reflected back by Earth surface into the atmosphere, to be eventually collected by the satellite instrument.  DOAS (Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy) relies on absorption of solar photon by target molecule. This is compared with adjacent spectral photon that is not absorbed by target molecule  Advantage relative measurement retrieving unknown atmosphere. However, relation to total columns needs to be established (air mass factor)  Double DOAS Total column amount retrieved by rationing to well known gas concentration distribution, i.e. Oxygen, taking into account scattering aerosol and cloud.  Improved CH4 rationed by CO2, both Channel 6. EVERGREEN International Workshop 19-20 January 2006, KNMI, the Netherlands EVERGREEN International Workshop 19-20 January 2006, KNMI, the Netherlands EVERGREEN Task 2: radiation modelling   Radiation budget at Top of Atmosphere. Impact of methane measurements assessed by model calculations Radiative forcing Importance CH4 vs. CO2, N2O, CFC, based on measured CH4. MIPAS CH4 stratospheric profile SCIA CH4 total column variability GERB/MSG total radiation fluxes EVERGREEN International Workshop 19-20 January 2006, KNMI, the Netherlands    EVERGREEN Task 3: inverse modelling Model Inter-comparison  assess and understand differences in chemistrytransport models, i.e. vertical transport boundary layer Models  TM3/TM5 (Methane and Carbon dioxide)  IMAGES (Carbon monoxide) Tests  Boundary-layer and convective transport  222Rn  General circulation  SF6  Chemistry  OH  CH4 forward runs EVERGREEN International Workshop 19-20 January 2006, KNMI, the Netherlands EVERGREEN Task 3: inverse modelling Inverse modelling  derive emissions from measured atmospheric concentrations CH4 and CO Starting point  bottom-up emission inventories  contain large uncertainties on regional scale  partly clouded pixels included to improve inversion Tools  Synthesis inversion  4D-var data assimilation EVERGREEN International Workshop 19-20 January 2006, KNMI, the Netherlands EVERGREEN Workshop Agenda  Day 1 CO and CO2 measurement and model Future satellites Forum discussion Future prospects CH4 measurement and model Radiation modelling Related EC projects  Day 2 EVERGREEN International Workshop 19-20 January 2006, KNMI, the Netherlands EVERGREEN Summary        Retrieval & validation SCIAMACHY total column CH4, CO and CO2. Column ratios O2/CO2. Retrieval & validation MIPAS stratospheric CH4. Radiation modelling compared with measured CH4 data Inverse modelling CH4 and CO emissions Improvement CH4 emission inventory Input to GHG Policy Input to Energy generating Industry EVERGREEN International Workshop 19-20 January 2006, KNMI, the Netherlands