IPv6 – The Future of the Internet
By: Areg Bagdasarian Caryn Golub George Granados Sapna Sharma Rimas Silkaitis
Executive Summary
1) Internet Protocol & Related Technology
2) IPv6 and Consumers
3) IPv6 and Business/Government
4) IPv6 and Associated Costs
5) Conclusion
What is Internet Protocol (IP)?
Internet Protocol Suite
Application Data Application Data
Header
Transmission Control Protocol Layer
IP Header
IP Layer
Frame Header
Frame Footer
Link Layer
Routing
IPv4??!
Sorry, no addresses today
Source : Peter Hovell/BT UK IPv6 Summit
IPv6!!!
Welcome, how many addresses?
Source : Peter Hovell/BT UK IPv6 Summit, 2000
IPv6: Motivations
• IP Addresses Running Out
– 4 Billion (232)
• Security
• Complex Network Management
– Configuration Servers (DHCP) – Transition
IPv6: Overview
• Developed around 1995 • Component of the Internet Protocol Suite • Supports a Very Large Address Space – 2128 or 5 x 1025 for every person on Earth • Network Management & Routing Efficiencies – Removal of Configuration Servers (DHCP) – Mobility (Moving from Network to Network)
IPv6 and Consumers
IPv6 and Consumers
“IPv6 is the protocol most likely to be in the Internet's future -- but compelling applications, like plug-and-play networking and streaming audio and video, are needed to speed IPv6 onto a desktop near you.”
-Pete Loshin, Communications News
IPv6 and Consumers
Like Transformers, today‟s products are truly more than meets the eye.
Consumer Examples
• Gaming Consoles (PS3, XBOX 360) • Multimedia Devices (Ipods, Mobile Phones) • DVRs • Vehicles (GPS,telematics)
IPv6 and Business/Government
Slow to Adopt “Any disruptive design technology takes about 10 years to become successful and widespread.”
-Steve Leibson, Technology Evangelist/Blogger for Tensilica
Logic of Adoption Rates Worldwide
United States
Low Overall Demand, lower urgency for IPv6 in U.S. U.S. Carriers/ISPs Slow to Introduce IPv6 services & hardware Businesses slow to migrate to IPv6
&
Government slow to migrate to IPv6 Faster Adoption
Europe and Asia
Europe and Asia a) Government mandates b) Fewer IPv4 addresses than U.S., running out fast
European Union recently set a goal for 25% of government, commercial and residential users to adopt the new IPv6 standard by 2010
Tangible Benefits of IPv6 for Businesses and Government
Enhanced Security: P2P model vs. Servers and routers running “NAT gateways” Reduced Network Complexity: -Fewer hassles for IT departments -Easy to add servers / auto configuration / dynamic addressing Reduced Costs
-
-
P2P Architecture – Bechtel & Hurricane Katrina
Pure P2P
NATs + central servers
What‟s Driving Business Adoption of IPv6 in U.S.?
Government Mandates, lack of IPv4 addresses and new revenue streams
1) IPv4 addresses to run out by 2012 – carrier migration to IPv6 2) Federal Office of Management & Budget – comply by June „08 3) Military – enhanced security in information exchange 4) Revenue: New wave of online devices – PDAs + Appliances
What American Carriers are Doing Now
Company NTT America IPv6 Services Already offering IPv6 – since 2003
AT&T
Managed services for IPv6 routers (custom), more service in 2009 Test-bed mode, updating federal telecom contracts IPv6 test bed, but few customers Has “IPv4 to IPv6 tunneled customers in North America and Europe” but no commercial services “Demand for commercial is low”
Sprint Nextel Qwest
Level 3 Communications
IPv4 and IPv6 Together in Transition
IPv6 Goal: Enable P2P without NAT Gateways However NATs will be necessary to translate between IPv4 and IPv6 hosts. “When the chips are down, NATs may be the only only way we are going to get IPv6 added to the Internet.”
Fred Baker, Cisco and IETF Fellow
IPv6 and Associated Costs
Penetration of IPv6 in the U.S.
Transition from IPv4 to IPv6
Cost in Million Dollars
Cost Categories
• • • • R&D and R&D Staff Training Product Testing Standards and Protocol Activities Network Management Software and Testing • Installation and Maintenance • Training – Sales, Marketing & Technical Staff
Cost Savings
• Improved Security
– Reduction in Downtime & Preventative Measures
• Increased Efficiency
– 20% on telephony costs – NAT removal – 30% reduction in IT expenditures
• Remote Access of Existing Products / Services
– Life expectancy of products – Service Costs
• Innovation in communications & online services
Cost Savings: Example
• Subzero Refrigerator
– – – – Service Upgrades Usage Data Troubleshooting Warranty
• Consumer Side
– – – – Remote Access Autoconfiguration Web Interface Service
IPv6 Transition Cost
Transition cost
IPv4
Cost difference between v4/v6 operations
IPv6
Source – PC of Japan
Conclusion: Let it be
Necessity?
• Unless something better comes along IPv6 is most likely in the future of the internet
Immediate Shift?
• Questionable Advantages in Near Future • Tech Giants throw weight behind it • Premature adoption
Gradual Shift
• Big Buyers Products Support & Knowledge • Business or Government?
Don‟t Wait too Long
• Preparation can begin now
• Ideal Make IPv6 address available when businesses start doing so • Another Y2K crisis
• War for talent • Examples of waiting too long: - Encyclopedia Brittanica
References
1) Van Beijnum, Iljitsch (2007, March 7) Everything you need to know about IPv6 arstechnica.com 2) IPv6 Overview (2005, January 21) technet.microsoft.com 3) Hinden, Robert M. (1995, May 14) IP Next Generation Overview playground.sun.com 4) Gudmundsson, O. (2001) DNSSEC and IPv6 A6 aware server/resolver message size requirements Unix.com (networking memo)
5) Deering S., Hinden, R. (1998, December) RFC2460 Internet Protocol, Version 6 Specification faqs.org/rfcs (networking memo)
6) Hinden R., Deering S. (2003, April) Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) Addressing Architecture ietf.org/rftc (networking memo) 7) Thomson, S., Narten, T. (1998, December) IPv6 Stateless Address Autoconfiguration ref-editor.org/rfc 8) Comer, Douglass E. (2006) Chapter 6 in Internetworking with TCP/IP: Principles, Protocols & Architecture Chapter 6 9) Wikipedia Image – IP stack connections.svg
References
10) Vaas, Lisa (2007, May 4). IPv6: Ready or Not eWeek.com 11) Duffy Marsan, Carolyn (2008, July 21). Slow Move to IPv6 Giving NAT New Life Network World Pgs. 1 and 13 12) Duffy Marsan, Carolyn (2008, April 7). U.S. Carriers Developing IPv6 Services Network World Pg. 23 13) High-Tech Industry commends Federal Progress in IPv6 (2009, July 2). US Fed News Service, Including US State News. 14) Hayes, F., Speaking, F. (2006). Hatching IPv6 15) Krapf, E. (2001). Whatever happened to IPv6 16) Loshin, P. (1998). IPv6 to the Rescue?