Advances in Energy Efficiency in Buildings, Appliances, Lighting and Equipment: Technology, Policy and Networks
Stephen Wiel Head, Energy Analysis Department
http://eetd.lbl.gov/EA
United Nations Workshop on Energy Efficiency, Global Competitiveness & Deregulation February 1, 2000
Most Products That Will Use Energy in Buildings in 2020 Have Not Yet Been Built
End Use Energy Consumption in 2020
100%
Energy Consumption (% of total)
90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% United States China New stock Stock pre-2000
There are Over 100 Different Uses of Energy in Residential Buildings -- the Top 25
Ranking
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Product
Col or Television Fur nace Fan Water bed Heater Tor chier e Lamp Microwave oven Auto-Dri p Coffee Clotheswasher Motor Dishwasher Motor Cei ling Fan Video Cassette Recor der Pool Pump Crankcase Heater Compact Audio System Cable Box Wel l Pump Ir on Spa Heater and Pump Rack Audio System Dehumidifi er Aquar ium Home Securi ty System Electr ic Bl anket Home Computer Toaster Evaporative Cooler
TWh/yr
26.33 21.44 13.16 11.91 11.28 9.40 7.85 7.41 7.00 6.94 6.43 5.85 5.03 4.96 4.76 4.53 4.48 4.40 4.37 4.17 3.80 3.49 3.31 3.26 3.23
End-use % of total
11.2% 9.1% 5.6% 5.1% 4.8% 4.0% 3.3% 3.2% 3.0% 3.0% 2.7% 2.5% 2.1% 2.1% 2.0% 1.9% 1.9% 1.9% 1.9% 1.8% 1.6% 1.5% 1.4% 1.4% 1.4%
Cumul ative % of total
11.2% 20.3% 25.9% 31.0% 35.8% 39.8% 43.1% 46.3% 49.3% 52.3% 55.0% 57.5% 59.6% 61.7% 63.7% 65.6% 67.5% 69.4% 71.3% 73.1% 74.7% 76.2% 77.6% 79.0% 80.4%
…And Their Use is Increasing
There’s a Wide Range of Energy Efficiency in a Typical Unregulated Market
source: Adnot and Orphelin, Energy efficiency of room air-conditioners
Regulatory Energy Policy Can Increase Energy Efficiency:
Three Lessons Learned from 25 Years of LBNL Policy Analyses
Appliance standards and labels are the most costeffective energy policy
Appliance standards and labels set market rules -then let market ingenuity find the best technology
Appliance standards and labels are effective in conjunction with most other energy policies and should be the backbone of every country’s energy policy portfolio
Labels and Appliance Standards Work Together to Transform Markets
Number of Models
Market Push with Standards Market Pull with Labels
Minimum Standard
Energy Efficiency
Regulation Effectively Narrows the Range of Energy Efficiency
)
Appliance Standards and Labels Improve Energy Efficiency Dramatically
Average Energy Consumption of New Refrigerators in the U.S.
Appliance Standards and Labels Can Benefit National Economies:
Impact in the US from 1990 to 2010
Cumulative net Primary energy
dollar savings = $33 to $49 billion
savings = 10.6 to 12.7 exajoules (5.1 to 6.1% of 2010 residential energy use) = 3.5 to 4.6 Each federal dollar contributes $160 to $220 of net savings to the US economy Annual carbon reductions = 9 to 16 million metric tons of carbon/year (from 2000 through 2010)
Average benefit/cost ratio
There is Huge Potential for Reducing Energy Use in Buildings Worldwide
Use of Appliance Standards and Labels is Spreading
U.S. - mandatory standards since 1975, starting in California Russia - standards since 1978; recently initiated collaboration with U.S. to update Japan - one target-based standard in 1979; lots more in 1994 Taipei China - many voluntary, some mandatory standards since 1980 Australia - mandatory labels since 1986 China - many mandatory standards since 1989 India - voluntary labels since 1991; voluntary standards since 1997 Korea - many mandatory labels and standards since 1992 Philippines - mandatory labels and standards for RAC since 1993 Thailand - voluntary labels since 1994 Switzerland - target-based standards since 1994 Mexico - mandatory labels and standards since 1995 Hong Kong - voluntary labels since 1995 Canada - mandatory labels and standards since 1995 Singapore, Indonesia, New Zealand, South Korea - recently proposed or enacted EU countries - some standards 1962 to 1980; EU labels since 1995; standards proposed for 2000
Emphasis on Efficiency Standards and Labels is Increasing
"Within the broad area of the changes required in the energy systems of both developing and developed countries, UNF has chosen two specific programmatic areas which would have a highly leveraged impact on the future development patterns of the developing world: energy efficiency labeling and standards, and community-based rural electrification using sustainable energy technologies" United Nations Foundation Strategic Discussion on Environment- Climate Change, Executive Summary, 1999 "Reduce energy use of new buildings in developing and transition economies by 2020 by assisting them to develop efficiency standards, ratings and labeling for building equipment as well as design tools, energy codes, and standards for building shells. Encourage multilateral banks and the Global Environment Facility in support of these measures" PCAST Initiative on Buildings (in its entirety), 1999
Several Organizations are Sponsoring International Labeling and Standards Programs
USAID
UN Foundation Energy Foundation/Packard Foundation
US EPA
US DOE
LBNL and Others Have Formed a New Collaborative Labeling and Appliance Standards Program (CLASP)
Mission: Increase the design, implementation and enforcement of energy efficiency standards and labels for residential & commercial appliances, equipment & lighting in developing and transitional countries
Partners:
Alliance to Save Energy International Institute for Energy Conservation (IIEC) Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL)
Affiliates: Testing Laboratories Industry Research Organizations Universities NGOs
CLASP and UN/DESA are Undertaking a Global Program to Promote Labels and Appliance Standards
Program Development Scoping Study and Program Plan Regional Conferences Global Tools and Information Preparation Guidebook Operational Toolkit Clearinghouse/Web Site Assistance to Individual Country Governments Definitional Missions Technical Assistance Measurement and Verification of Impacts