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EXPERIMENTAL PILOT PLANT
FOR TRITIUM SEPARATION
Present Status and Perspectives
National Institute of Cryogenics and
Isotope Technologies
ICIT Rm. Valcea
Romania
Nuclear Activities
ICIT has developed nuclear activities
related to:
• Heavy Water
• Tritium
NATIONAL R&D INSTITUTE FOR CRYOGENICS AND ISOTOPES TECHNOLOGIES
ICIT RM. VALCEA
Heavy water
Heavy water plant from ROMAG Drobeta Tr.
Severin
• Expertise for the plant
• Heavy water standards
Upgrading plant from CNE PROD & CNE
INVEST Cernavoda
• Expertise for upgrading plant
• Project for packing
• Production of packing for upgrading tower from
CNE INVEST
• Heavy water standards
NATIONAL R&D INSTITUTE FOR CRYOGENICS AND ISOTOPES TECHNOLOGIES
ICIT RM. VALCEA
Tritium
Hydrogen isotopes separation experience help
ICIT to produce Romanian technology for
tritium separation
Tritium removal facility - Experimental Pilot
Plant for Deuterium and Tritium Separation
Tritium laboratory – tritium analysis
Environmental laboratory – tritium evaluation
NATIONAL R&D INSTITUTE FOR CRYOGENICS AND ISOTOPES TECHNOLOGIES
ICIT RM. VALCEA
Technological Detritiation Processes
Front End
VPCE = Vapor Phase Catalytic Exchange
LPCE = Liquid Phase Catalytic Exchange
CECE = Combined Electrolyses Catalytic
Exchange
DE = Direct electrolysis
Back End
CD = Cryogenic Distillation
P = Permeation System
NATIONAL R&D INSTITUTE FOR CRYOGENICS AND ISOTOPES TECHNOLOGIES
ICIT RM. VALCEA
Tritium Removal Facility
WHY TRF IN ROMANIA ?
Rising the tritium level in heavy
water from CERNAVODA NPP (>32
Ci/kg in 2005)
Environment and human
contamination risk
New requirements in 2007 after
Romania join EU
Tritium application for fusion
technologies – Romania can offer
tritium for fusion reactor
NATIONAL R&D INSTITUTE FOR CRYOGENICS AND ISOTOPES TECHNOLOGIES
ICIT RM. VALCEA
Tritium Removal Facility
Background
ICIT experience in catalyst
manufacture;
ICIT experience in technological
processes of catalytic exchange;
Operating and improvement of
isotopic catalytic exchange plant for
last 20 years;
Technological equipment and analysis
systems.
NATIONAL R&D INSTITUTE FOR CRYOGENICS AND ISOTOPES TECHNOLOGIES
ICIT RM. VALCEA
Tritium Removal Facility
Technologies for tritium separation developed by
ICIT
DTO, HTO
D2 / DT
Detritiated heavy
water to reactor
RECOMBINER
Heavy water LPCE
from reactor
Hydrogen D2
T
H
LPCE CD D
O2
T
Tritium
product CD
D2 / DT Tritium
DTO / D2O
D2 / DT Storage
ELECTROLYZER
D2O
Heavy water Deuterium
NATIONAL R&D INSTITUTE FOR CRYOGENICS AND ISOTOPES TECHNOLOGIES
ICIT RM. VALCEA
Solution
ICSI CHOOSE FOR PILOT PLANT
CATALYTIC ISOTOPIC EXCHANGE TRITIATED HEAVY
WATER - DEUTERIUM, FOLLOWED BY CRYOGENIC
DISTILLATION
Front End Back End
LPCE CD
NATIONAL R&D INSTITUTE FOR CRYOGENICS AND ISOTOPES TECHNOLOGIES
ICIT RM. VALCEA
Design
DTO
D2
Purification CD
MODERATOR
LPCE DT or T2
Storage
D2
D2O
Technology
Catalytic isotopic exchange
Purification
Cryogenic distillation
Outside view of Pilot Plant Inside view of Pilot Plant
NATIONAL R&D INSTITUTE FOR CRYOGENICS AND ISOTOPES TECHNOLOGIES
ICIT RM. VALCEA
Inside View of Pilot Plant For Deuterium and Tritium Separation
NATIONAL R&D INSTITUTE FOR CRYOGENICS AND ISOTOPES TECHNOLOGIES
ICIT RM. VALCEA
Design Basis
maximum activity for tritium in heavy water:
30 Ci/kg
maximum tritium inventory: 300,000 Ci
annual quantity of heavy water: 2000 kg
Minimum D2O feed isotopic: 99.8 %
Water Feed Rate: 8 kg/h
Tritium inventory in CD: 200,000 Ci (60,000
Ci for commissioning)
Design service life: 30 years
Present Status
The plant has the license ICSI 01-2002 for building
from CNCAN – valability December 2007
The plant has the license ICSI 01-2006 for
commissioning from CNCAN – valability December
2008
The plant starts the preliminary tests based by a
program approved by CNCAN
Project and Safety Analysis Report review as CNCAN
required
Present Status (cont)
Technological review of plant
Upgraded process safety in tests
Work on radiological safety system in conformity
with license terms
Training operating personal (Cernavoda, ICIT)
Present Status (cont)
Catalytic isotopic exchange module in
preliminary tests after equipment replacement
Cryogenic distillation – recalculation of
cryogenic cycle for new conditions imposed by
the license
Data acquisition and process control in tests
Pre-commissioning of safety system in
conformity with license terms
Upgrade of safeguards
CNCAN Licenses
NATIONAL R&D INSTITUTE FOR CRYOGENICS AND ISOTOPES TECHNOLOGIES
ICIT RM. VALCEA
Tritium Removal Facility
Implementing
the technology
WHERE?
CNE PROD Cernavoda
(or any CANDU)
ITER
NATIONAL R&D INSTITUTE FOR CRYOGENICS AND ISOTOPES TECHNOLOGIES
ICIT RM. VALCEA
EURATOM - FUSION PROGRAM
LINKS BETWEEN WDS FOR ITER AND ICIT – WDS SYSTEM
Potential combination of WDS and ISS at ITER ICIT PILOT PLANT
H2 • HR – Helium refrigerator Catalytic isotopic exchange tritiated heavy water -
• CD1, CD2 – Cryogenic distillation
H2O Condenser deuterium, followed by cryogenic distillation
Heater HR
Tritiated Feed
Water
LPCE H2, HT CD 1 P CD
Column IEC
CD2
Tritium Depleted Tritium Tritium
D2
Boiler Water Analysis System Storage System
Boiler
O2 MONITORING AND SAFETY SYSTEMS
Links between experimental modules for Tritium and Deuterium Separation Pilot Plant
H2O, HTO
Electrolyser
O2 Purifier
WDS / ITER: WDS / ICIT
LPCE LPCE
ELECTROLYSES (PERMEATION) PURIFICATION
CRYOGENIC DISTILLATION CRYOGENIC DISTILLATION
NATIONAL R&D INSTITUTE FOR CRYOGENICS AND ISOTOPES TECHNOLOGIES
ICIT RM. VALCEA
Future activities
Radioprotection development – new
equipments upgrade required
Finalize of implementing QA in technology in
conformity with new CNCAN’s QA regulations
Minor improvement regarding the technology
Training of personal
Elaborate of Romanian standards for tritium
activities
NATIONAL R&D INSTITUTE FOR CRYOGENICS AND ISOTOPES TECHNOLOGIES
ICIT RM. VALCEA
EURATOM - FUSION PROGRAM
Application of ICIT work:
Water Detritiation Systems at CANDU/JET/ITER
Tritium technologies
Potential beneficiaries:
- Tritium Removal Facility in Romania
- Detritiation technology applied at CNE PROD Cernavoda
- EUROPEAN COMMUNITY Fusion Nuclear Research Programs
NATIONAL R&D INSTITUTE FOR CRYOGENICS AND ISOTOPES TECHNOLOGIES
ICIT RM. VALCEA
IAEA PROGRAMES
ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOISOTOPE MEASUREMENTS.
QUALITY ASSURANCE FOR RADIOISOTOPE LABORATORY
Environmental monitoring program in order to establish tritium
baseline levels on and off Experimental Cryogenic Plant for
Tritium and Deuterium Separation;
Hydrodynamics study on the Danube – Black Sea Channel using
tritiated wastewater from a nuclear power plant as a tracer;
Natural sparkling water sources analysis based on tritium
measurements;
Participation to sixth IAEA intercomparison of low-level tritium
measurements in water (TRIC2000).
NATIONAL R&D INSTITUTE FOR CRYOGENICS AND ISOTOPES TECHNOLOGIES
ICIT RM. VALCEA
IAEA PROGRAMES
Participation to Sixth IAEA Intercomparison of Low-level Tritium
Measurements in Water TRIC2000
(Report IAEA, p. 22)
NATIONAL R&D INSTITUTE FOR CRYOGENICS AND ISOTOPES TECHNOLOGIES
ICIT RM. VALCEA
IAEA PROGRAMES
Radiocarbon LSC Analysis and
Environmental Applications
A new line sample preparation has been put on work and
tests are going to be made in order to define this new analysis
technique.
NATIONAL R&D INSTITUTE FOR CRYOGENICS AND ISOTOPES TECHNOLOGIES
ICIT RM. VALCEA
Perspectives
Commissioning and operation of TRF
Developing technical specification for
Cernavoda TRF
Basic design for CTRF technology
Equipments and materials for
tritium/deuterium separation/production
Developing researches regarding tritium
technologies, specially for ITER
Upgrade of technology/plant for other tritium
experiments
Training center for tritium activities
NATIONAL R&D INSTITUTE FOR CRYOGENICS AND ISOTOPES TECHNOLOGIES
ICIT RM. VALCEA
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