Islamic Conquest
Pahlavi writing
Pahlavi writing
Two centuries of silence
Iran was indeed Islamized, but it was not Arabized. Persians remained Persians. And after an interval of silence, Iran reemerged as a separate, different and distinctive element within Islam
Iranians have maintained some of their preIslamic traditions and adapted them with Islamic codes. Finally these two customs and traditions merged and an "Islamic Iranin" identity as a new identity has emerged
The caliphs adopted many Sassanid administrative practices, such as:
- coinage system
-the office of vizier, or minister,
- the divan, a bureaucracy for collecting taxes and giving state stipends.
The Sassanid architecture had a distinctive influence over Islamic architecture
Golden Age of Islam
Science
al-Khwarizmi Al-Razi
Avicenna
780 – 850 AD Algorithm Algebra
865 - 925 AD discovery of alcohol
980 - 1037 AD
The Book of Healing The Canon of Medicine
Philosophy … poetry, …
Al-Farabi
Omar Khayyam
870 – 950 AD
Neo-Platonist, musician
1048 – 1131 AD
Mathematician Astronomer-Poet
And if the Wine you drink, the Lip you press, End in the Nothing all Things end in — Yes — Then fancy while Thou art, Thou art but what Thou shalt be — Nothing — Thou shalt not be less. (Fitzgerald's translation)
Persian literature of the medieval and pre-modern periods
The Book of One Thousand and One Nights Shahname (The Book of Kings)
800-900 AD
1000 AD
Literature
Love Poetry … Sufism
Nezami
Attar
Jalal ad-Din Rumi
Hafez
1141–1209 AD
1142 – 1220 AD Manteq al-Tayr (Conference of the Birds)
1207 – 1273 AD
romantic epic poet 1310 - 1337 AD
Mongol conquest
The harsh rule of the Mongols caused an economic decline throughout the 13th century.
A large number of people, particularly males, were killed; between 1220 and 1258, the population of Iran dropped drastically.
The Ilkhan dynasty, lasting from 1251 to 1335
The birth of Modern Iran
Safavid Empire (1502-1736)
Founding the modern nation-state of Iran. Even though Safavids were not the first Shia rulers in Iran, they played a crucial role in making Shia Islam the official religion in the whole of Iran.
The cultural growth was accompanied by considerable development in all forms of art.
In the Safavid era the Persian Architecture flourished again and saw many new monuments, such as Naghsh-i Jahan Square, the biggest historic square in the world.
Constitutional Revolution Islamic Revolution
Members of the first Majlis (Parliament)