UBICC Journal Ubiquitous Computing and Communication Journal 2007 Volume 2 No. 3 . 2007-07-23 . ISSN 1992-8424 UBICC Publishers © 2007 Ubiquitous Computing and Communication Journal Edited by Usman Tariq. Co-Editor Dr. Kevin Curran Ubiquitous Computing and Communication Journal Book: 2007 Volume 2 No. 3 Publishing Date: 2007-07-23 Proceedings ISSN 1992-8424 This work is subjected to copyright. All rights are reserved whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, re-use of illusions, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication of parts thereof is permitted only under the provision of the copyright law 1965, in its current version, and permission of use must always be obtained from UBICC Publishers. Violations are liable to prosecution under the copy right law. UBICC Journal is a part of UBICC Publishers www.ubicc.org © UBICC Journal Printed in South Korea Typesetting: Camera-ready by author, data conversation by UBICC Publishing Services, South Korea UBICC Publishers Message from Editor 2007-07-27 Dr. Kevin Curran General Co-Editor Welcome to our volume 2 issue of 2007 for the Ubiquitous Computing and Communication Journal. We hope that you get many chances to expand your knowledge from this issue of UBICC. The Ubiquitous Computing and Communication Journal is a leading resource for computing professionals and students working in the various fields of Information Technology, and for interpreting the impact of information technology on society. We conscientiously attempt to make the journal reach the eyes of those IT professionals who may be interested, thereby helping to bring your contributions to the awareness of many people far beyond your current working environment. We aim to only publish high-quality articles emphasizing innovative concepts, critical frameworks, valuable technologies, ubiquitous computing protocols and applications among other areas. The review process is an important means to reach the goal and that is why we recruit the highest caliber of individuals for reviews. The future success of UBICC will be inescapably linked to the perceived quality of the material that it publishes. This depends significantly on two factors: the first is clearly the scientific quality of the submitted papers. Unfortunately, we are unable to directly control this; however we are able to manage the second factor which is the quality of the reviewing process. High quality peer review is important because reliable information about the ever expanding increasing number of ubiquitous computing and communications topics outside our own field of competence has never been more necessary. It is essential that innovative, interdisciplinary research be reliable as well as useful. For that reason, there is a mounting need for information filtered by a high-quality reviewing process. It is important that our readers increasingly understand what we are engaged in, and see that it is relevant to their work, both as researchers and practitioners. I would make no apology for seeking to make it my uppermost priority to care for and maintain the high quality of peer review for which UBICC is already renowned. Peer review is indeed an arduous task for both the referees and the authors involved – and it is a service that is in essence provided free by scientists. Therefore, I would also strive to bestow esteem on all the reviewers, office staff and editorial board who are really the ones who make the journal what it is. To fill the pages of UBICC, we seek the very best of your research into ubiquitous computing. As submissions are peer-reviewed, I recommend that you allow me a preliminary review of your topic (send to: kj.curran@ulster.ac.uk) before you spend an extensive amount of time on something that may not fit well. For subject matter, please check out our archives for ideas on which areas which have interested our readership in the past. Please do not hesitate however to contact us if you feel that your current research is relevant to our worldwide audience. Finally, UBICC with its broad, high-quality coverage of all areas of relevance to the Ubiquitous computing community from novel user interfaces to philosophical issues related to the design and delivery of content is indeed in a unique position. It should aim to meet head on the challenges presented by the rapidly evolving and changing face of ubiquitous computing and communications and the growing diversity within this comparatively young field. Ultimately I desire that UBICC become the primary journal resource that practitioners, researchers, and managers can rely on to provide timely information about current research developments, trends, best practices, and changes in ubiquitous computing and communications. Table of Contents Papers 14 Backbone nodes based stable routing for mobile ad hoc networks Vinay Rishiwal, Ashwani Kush, Shekhar Verma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 15 Design and implementation of MARKS (Middleware Adaptability for Resource Discovery, Knowledge Usability and Self-healing) middleware for pervasive computing environments Sheikh Ahamed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 16 Smart Hybrid Frame Scheduling to Improve Energy Efficiency in Wireless Sensor Network Wei Wang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 17 ART: A novel localization method to improve energy efficiency in Wireless Sensor Networks Chao-Chun Chen, Da-Chung Mao, Chiang Lee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 18 A survey on anomaly detection methods for ad-hoc networks Marianne Amir Azer, Sherif Mohammed El-Kassas, Magdy Saeed El-Soudani. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 C-RBAC: Contextual Role-Based Access Control Model Muhammad Nabeel Tahir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 20 Security schemes in ad-hoc networks a survey and new challenges Marianne Amir Azer, Sherif Mohammed El-Kassas, Magdy Saeed El-Soudani . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 21 New adaptive routing protocol for MANET Maged Salah Eldin Baumy Soliman, Sherine Mohamed Abd El-kader, Hussein Sherif Eissa, Hoda Anis Baraka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 34 Letter 3 On importance of bit error rate in wireless communication Rajesh Goel, Mukesh singla, Pawan Kumar Bansal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75