Properties of matter
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General Properties of Matter
is anything that has mass and volume Everything is made of matter
Matter
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What are properties?
used to describe an object Ex: color, odor, shape, size, texture,hardness video
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Characteristics
General Properties of matter
weight, volume, and density Properties are used to identify a substance
Mass,
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What is mass?
is the amount of matter in an object Mass is constant Mass is also the measure of inertia
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Mass
What is inertia? Inertia is the resistance of an object to changes in its motion The more mass the greater the inertia
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Questions
is mass related to inertia? Why are properties of an object important?
How
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Question
Which
object has more inertia, an empty wagon or one loaded with rocks? Why?
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Question
What
does a seatbelt do for a passenger when a car stops suddenly?
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Question
Why
would the passenger move forward without the restraining force of the belt?
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Question
What
would stop a passenger if the seatbelt were not in place?
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Question
What
other safety features are present in a car in response to a person’s inertia in a moving vehicle?
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measure of the force of gravity on the mass of an object Weight changes with gravity The metric unit for weight is a Newton (N)
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The
Weight
kg = 2.2 pounds Weight is mass times gravity (9.8 m/s2) W= m x g What is your mass? What is your weight in Newtons?
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Weight formula
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force of attraction between objects is gravity All objects exert a gravitational force on each other
The
What is gravity?
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Question Why can’t you feel the attraction between you and other objects the same way you are pulled toward Earth?
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Gravitational pull
The
greater the mass of an object the greater the gravitational force
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Question
Why
can’t we feel the pull of gravity from Jupiter even though it is so massive?
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What affects gravity? The pull of gravity weakens as the distance between objects increases gravity depends on mass and distance
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Gravity
The
further an object is from the center of the earth, the less the object will weigh
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Question
Would
you weigh less, more, or the same on top of Mount Everest?
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Question
The
moon is smaller than the earth. How would your weight be different on the moon?
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Questions
What
are three properties of matter related to mass?
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Question
What
is density and how is it calculated?
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Density
density of water is 1.0 g/ml Objects with densities greater than 1.0 will sink in water
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The
Density
Objects
with densities less than 1.0 g/ml will float on water
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Ice Ice floats therefore it is less dense than water Ice mostly remains underwater with only a portion of it being exposed
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Astronomy fact! The planet Saturn has a density of less than 1.0 g/ml. If there was an ocean big enough to hold it, it would float!
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Calculations
If
96.5 grams of gold has a volume of 5 cubic centimeters, what is the density of gold?
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Calculation
If
96.5 g of aluminum has a volume of 35 cm3, what is the density of aluminum?
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Calculation If the density of a 3, diamond is 3.5 g/cm what would be the mass of a diamond whose volume is 0.5 cm3?
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What is specific gravity?
A
comparison of the density of a substance and the density of water is specific gravity
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Questions
How
is density different from specific gravity?
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What is a physical property?
Physical
properties are those that can be observed without changing the identity of the substance
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phases of matter: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma solids have a definite shape and volume
Four
Phases of matter (video)
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Solid particle arrangement
are tightly packed and the particles vibrate Two types of solids are crystalline and amorphous
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Solids
Types of solids Crystalline solids are arranged in repeating patterns called crystals (salt, sugar) Amorphous solids can lose their shape
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Examples of amorphous solids
Tar, candle wax, glass Shape changes under certain conditions (differences in temperature)
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Liquid particle arrangement
Liquids
have particles that are close together, but are free to move
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Question
Describe
the shape of a liquid.
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Describe a liquid
Liquids
do not have a definite shape, but they have a definite volume
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Question
What
happens when one-liter of soda is poured into a fourliter container?
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Properties of liquids Liquids do not expand to fill the volume of a container Liquids are characterized by their ability to flow
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resistance of a liquid to flow The difficulty of a liquid to flow easily Honey, motor oil, corn syrup have a high viscosity
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The
What is viscosity?
Behavior of liquids
is the force of attraction between LIKE particles Adhesion is the force of attraction between UNLIKE particles
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Cohesion
Surface tension (video)
Tendency
of particles to pull together at the surface of a liquid due to cohesion
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Question
the viscosity of a liquid. Describe a liquid’s shape.
Describe
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Questions
is adhesion different from cohesion? Explain surface tension.
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How
Properties of gases Gases do not have a definite shape or volume (video) They fill all the available space in a container
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Kinetic Molecular Theory of Matter
Matter
is made of tiny particles in constant motion
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Question
How
are solids, liquids, and gases different from one another?
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Gas laws
Boyle’s
and Charles’ law describe the behavior of gases with changes in temperature, pressure, and volume
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Charles Law
Charles’
law describes a relationship between the temperature and volume of a gas (constant pressure)
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Charles’ Law
the temperature of a gas increases, the volume of a gas increases Heating air causes it to expand
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As
Question
How
can you explain the fact that gas particles expand to fill space?
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Pressure
The
force that particles of a substance (gas/liquid) will apply over a certain area
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Boyle’s Law
Boyle’s
law describes the relationship between the volume and pressure of gases (constant temperature)
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the volume of a gas decreases, then the pressure of a gas increases (Boyle’s law) The smaller the space a gas occupies, the more pressure
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If
Boyle’s law
Plasma
(phase) most common phase in the universe, dangerous, very high energy (found in stars)
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Plasma
Question
are the four phases of matter? Describe the plasma phase of matter.
What
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Phase changes (video)
Phase
changes in matter are melting, freezing, vaporization, condensation, and sublimation
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changes involve the changing of physical properties Type of matter remains the same
Physical
What is a physical change?
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Questions
Describe
each of the five phase changes (melting, freezing, vaporization, condensation, and sublimation).
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Physical changes
Changing
color, shape, phase, texture, hardness, odor would be a physical change
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Melting video
Phase
change from a solid to a liquid
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Melting point
Temperature
which a solid changes to a liquid Physical property
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in
Questions
How
is melting different from freezing?
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Involve a change in volume, but mass remains constant Adding or removing energy from matter results in phase changes
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Phase changes (video)
Vaporization
Phase
change from a liquid to a gas
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temperature in which a liquid boils Point at which a liquid changes to a gas
The
Boiling point (video)
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Freezing (video)
change of a liquid to a solid The temperature in which this occurs is the freezing point
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Phase
Condensation Condensation is the phase change from a gas to a liquid Sublimation is a phase change from solid to a gas
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Question
Describe
a difference between condensation and vaporization.
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Sublimation examples
Dry
ice and iodine are examples solids that undergo sublimation
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Chemical properties Describe how a substance changes into new substances are chemical properties Ex: flammability
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change of a substance into a new and different substance Also known as a chemical reaction video
The
Chemical changes
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Questions
is another name for a chemical change? Describe sublimation. How is a chemical change different from a physical change?
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What