Animal Growth and Adaptations
By Joan McGirr
Objectives • 1.01 Relate structural characteristics and behaviors of a variety of animals to the environment in which they are typically found.
• 1.02 Determine the animal behaviors and body structures that have specific growth and survival functions in a particular habitat.
Discover the needs of animals
• Today we are going to find out what basic needs animals have and how their bodies are adapted to suit the conditions in which they live.
Basic Needs
• • • • • Food Water Climate Oxygen Shelter
Food
Why? • To live and grow • Food for energy • Nourish the body • Carnivores: are meat eating animals • Omnivores: eat meat and plants
• Herbivores: only eat plants
Food Adaptations
• Carnivores have sharp teeth at the front of their mouths, like fangs, for tearing meat.
• Omnivores: have many molars suited for chewing and crunching the food they eat. • Herbivores: Some have 2 stomachs to digest the food they eat.
Gulp gulp….. Ahhh
Why? • Animals loose water by sweating, panting and other means. This water needs to be replaced.
Water
From where?
• • • •
Ponds, lakes, streams, puddles
Deserts don’t have bodies of
So how do these animals get their water?
Some foods provide water, such as seeds.
Desert animals bodies are adapted to produce water as their food is digested.
water.
Some animals have larger ears to keep them cool.
What is climate?
• Definition: Climate is the average temperature of an area over many years. • Some animals need a very hot and dry climate, such as snakes, lizards and crocodiles. • Others need wet, cold climates, examples are penguins, seals and polar bears.
Adaptations for Climate
• Reptiles are cold blooded. This means that the blood in their bodies doesn’t heat up naturally. They need to sit in the sun to warm up, therefore they need a warm climate. • Seals, penguins, polar bears have extra layers of fat to keep them warm in their cold climate.
Breathe in, breathe out
OXYGEN • Many land animals get oxygen by breathing into their lungs. • Fish get oxygen from the water around them.
• Oxygen is a gas in the air. Air is made up of many gases.
Shelter
• A shelter is a place where an animal is protected from other animals or the weather. • Rocks, logs, leaves, almost anything can be a shelter for some type of creature.
• How does weather effect an animals need for shelter?
Compare and contrast
• How is a car and an animal alike? • How are they different?
Both need food: petrol Both need air: exhaust pipe Both need water Both need shelter: car in garage Cars are adapted to climate, such as convertibles, AC.
• Animals have off spring • Cars don’t.
Are all animals the same?
•NO
• Animals are divided into 2 groups. Vertebrates and Invertebrates
Vertebrates have a backbone Invertebrates have no spine have an outer skeleton.
Vertebrates
Vertebrates
Mammals
Reptiles
Birds
Fish
Amphibians
Dog
Snake
Cardinal
Salmon
Frog
Only a small part of all the animals in the world have a backbone.
Invertebrates
Invertebrates
Arthropods
Mollusks
Worms
Insects
6 legs +
(have shell)
No shell, legs or eyes.
Bee,
Millipede
Clams, snails
Flat worm
You tell me
• What do animals need to survive? • How are animals classified? • What makes vertebrates different from other animals? • What characteristics do all the invertebrates have in common?
Test your knowledge
• How is a spider different from an insect?
• How are the skeletons of vertebrates different from invertebrates?