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Characterization of Commercial
Optical Fiber Cables for
Space Flight Environments at
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
Melanie Ott
Sigma Research and Engineering
/ Goddard Space Flight Center
301-286-0127, melanie.ott@gsfc.nasa.gov
http://misspiggy.gsfc.nasa.gov/tva
IMAPS/NEPP ATW May 24, 2000
Outline
• Background
• Definitions
• Lessons Learned
• Characterization Testing on cable
• Results of Thermal Testing of COTS Cables
• MTP Ribbon Cable Assembly Characterization Results
• Optical Fiber Electron Scintillation Testing Results
• Optical Fiber Total Dose Radiation Testing
• Conclusion
Background
• Goals of COTS Cable Characterization Program
– Cable assembly using Commercial-Off-the-Shelf Technology
(COTS).
– Wide variety of products with parameters for usage.
– NASA wide use.
– Multimode and singlemode applications.
– Parnerships with vendors.
• Issues
– NASA qualified cable is obsolete.
– No more full qualification programs.
– Need for characterization of available COTS parts.
– Technological advancements.
Optical Fiber Cable Definitions
Jacket Cladding
Strength
Members Core
Coating
Cladding
Buffer Core
Glass Fiber Hermetic Seal
Lessons Learned
• Optical fiber cable can have failures
• Shrinkage of Fluoropolymers: Teflon & Tefzel (TFE, ETFE, PFA, FEP) - causes
optical losses and reliability problems.
• Connector/cable incompatibility
• Destructive strength testing on fiber, post cabling.
• Proof testing (100% on fiber) implemented properly during
draw
• Traceability of parts
• Outgassing of acrylate coating, passes in configuration.
• Clean terminations prior to testing and integration, inspect
terminations
• Use space flight parts only for space flight hardware.
Characterization of Cable and Assemblies
• Technology Validation of the COTS part: knowledge of
the failure mechanisms associated with part and good knowledge
of environment for use.
• Testing to bring out known failure mechanisms.
– Radiation, Vibration, Thermal, Outgassing, Strength.
• Specify environment for cable assemblies, post testing.
• Recommendations on how to bring product to the next
harsher environment.
• Some generic testing for a variety of missions based on
a common environment.
Thermal Testing of COTS cables
Thermal Test 1: -30 °C to 140 °C, 5 min dwell, 1 °C /min, 28 & 60 cycles
• Spectran Flightguide,
• W.L.Gore 8838 (prototype I) & FON1008
• Brand Rex 1008
• Northern lights: 1-HYMC62CFD, 1-HYMC10C
Thermal Test 2: -55°C to +125°C, 20 min dwell, 2°C /min, 72 cycles
• W.L. Gore FON1004 (prototype II)
• Brand Rex 1614
• Brand Rex 1008
• Northern Lights (RIFOCS) H06
• Northern Lights (RIFOCS) HL1
Testing: Cable Component Shrinkage from Temperature Cycling
-30 to 140 degrees C, 1 degree C/min, 5 min dwell at extremes
Cable Component Shrinkage vs. Thermal Cycle
1.6
1.4
% Relative Shrinkage
1.2
1 Spectran
0.8 Brand Rex
W.L. Gore
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
6 12 18 24 31 38 46 52 60
Thermal Cycle
Generic Environmental Parameter Testing:
Spectran Flightguide, Brand Rex 1008, W.L.Gore 8838
Optical Testing for Shrinkage From Thermal Cycling
Optical Power Output After Thermal Cycling of Northern
Lights Hytrel Cable and W.L. Gore FON 1008
12
Output Power (microwatts)
10
8 Northern Lights
6 W.L. Gore
W. L. Gore
4
2
0
0 7 14 22 28 36
Thermal Cycle
Generic Environmental Parameter Testing
Summary of Test Results and Cable Parameters from
Generic Shrinkage Testing,
Northern Northern
Manufacturer W.L. Gore Spectran Brand Lights Lights W. L. Gore
Rex Microcable Microcable
Part Number 8388 Flightguide OC 1008 1-HY-MC- 1-HY-MC-10C FON 1008
Prototype 1 62CFD
Total samples tested 4 6 4 3 3 2
Length of samples ~3m ~3m ~3m ~ 3, 4 m ~3m 100 m
Measurement Length Length Length Length, Optical Length Optical
Jacket Material Fluoropolymer Tefzel Tefzel Hytrel Hytrel Fluoropolymer
Outer Diameter 2.5 mm 1.8 mm 2.75 mm .9 mm .9 mm 1.16 mm
Total Number of 60 60 60 36 36 36
cycles
Ave Total % 3 1.58 2.43 1.14 2.25
shrinkage (60 cycles) (60 cycles) (60 cycles) (28 cycles) (28 cycles)
Total attenuation -- -- -- -- -- .25 dB/100m
(28 cycles)
Total Attenuation -- -- -- 3.6 dB/4 m -- .084 dB/100m
(36)
Thermal Environment: -30 to 140 degrees C, 1 degree C/min, 5 min dwell at extremes
General conclusions:
- Large outer diam = more shrinkage.
- Shrinking reduced to less than 0.1% after 60 cycles.
- FON 1008 good optical stability, Spectran Flightguide: construction stability.
- Hytrel usually a poor choice for a thermally stable jacket.
Thermal Optical Cable Testing Description and % Shrinkage Summary, 3m
lengths, -55°C to +125°C, 20 min dwell,
Vendor Cable Fiber Type Outer Thermal Total %
Cable Part # Configuration diameter rating Shrinkage
W.L. Gore Tight Tube with Single mode, -55C to 2.94
FON1004 Metal braid over 1310/1550 nm 2.5 mm +125C
GoreTex buffer acrylate buffer
Brand Rex Tight tube Multimode -100C to
OC1614 100/140/170 2.1 mm +75C 0.13
(SSQ-21654 Rev. B) hermetic seal/
polyimide buffer
Multimode
Brand Rex Loose tube 100/140/500 - 55C to 1.80
OC1008 acrylate buffer 2.77 mm +85C
from corning now
discontinued
RIFOCS Tight tube Multimode 2.4 mm -40C to 1.87
H06 62.5/125/250 +95C
RIFOCS Tight tube Single mode, 2.4 mm -40C to 2.13
HL1 1310/1550 nm +95C
acrylate buffer
Thermal Cycling Test Results COTS and Space Flight Cables
% Shrinkage of cable jacketing vs. thermal cycle, sample set 1
2.20
2.00
1.80
1.60
1.40
% Shrinkage
FON1004
1.20
OC1614
1.00
OC1008
0.80
H06
0.60
HL1
0.40
0.20
0.00
-0.20 0 8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64 72 80
Thermal Cycle
-55°C to +125°C, 20 min dwell at extremes, 2 °C/min
Thermal Cycling Length Shrinkage and Optical Performance
Summary, -55°C to +125°C, 72 cycles
Cable Total % Total % Cycles to Insitu Comments
Shrinkage Shrinkage < 0.1% transmission on
after 24 changes, 3m transmission
cycles.
W.L. Gore After 2 cycles, steady
FON1004 2.94 (2.99) 0.75 (0.24) 56 (40) < .05 dB
below
.05 dB
Brand Rex Increased from less <
OC1614 0.12 (0.13) 0.03 (0.0) < 8 (< 8) < .10 dB
.025 dB upto .10 dB as
test progresses
Brand Rex Increases from .05 dB
OC1008 1.90 (1.80) 0.44 (0.44) 56* (56) < .50 dB
to .45 dB as test
progresses
RIFOCS After 2 cycles steady
H06 1.90 (1.87) 0.14 (0.17) 24 (24) < .10 dB
below
.10 dB
RIFOCS After 13 cycles drops
HL1 2.12 (2.13) 0.10 (0.17) 16* (16) < .40 dB
to below .05 steady for
the rest of test
FODB COTS Application, MTP connector with
12 Channel FO Ribbon Cable Assembly
» Pictures
MTP Ribbon Cable Assembly Characterization
3 m length, 1300 nm
• Random vibration testing: insitu monitoring of one channel/test
and post measurements of all 12 channels.
(14.1 grms, 1 minute/axis)
• Thermal testing (insitu testing of one channel/test):
– 30 cycles, -20 °C to +85 °C, 1 °C /min.
– 42 cycles, -20 °C to +85 °C, 3 °C /min up, 2 °C /min down.
• Random vibration testing 2: insitu monitoring of one
channel/test and post measurements of all 12 channels.
(20 grms, 3 minutes/axis)
MTP Ribbon Cable Assembly Testing Summary
• Twelve channel MTP connector/ribbon cable assembly with
62.5/125 micron fiber, characterized for EO-1 environment.
• During vibration test one (1 min/axis): transients < .25 dB, post test
optical loss < -.01dB.
• Thermal cycling: -.03 dB & -.16 dB (loss) @ -20 °C, post test
average post test loss < -.50 dB.
• Post vibration test two (twice levels of test one for 3 minutes/axis)
transients < .25 dB, average post test loss < -.10 dB,
• One fiber in 48 pistoned (cracked) as a result of testing.
Pre thermal testing Post thermal testing
Radiation Effects on Optical Fiber
Scintillation
luminescence as a result of electron induced photons.
Total Ionizing Dose Effects
Operating Wavelength
Materials used as dopants
Fabrication procedure
Fiber Coating Materials
Temperature of Operation
Dose Rate
Total Dose
Electron Induced Scintillation Testing on Optical Fiber
Test Index
A: Tested at energies 0.5 MeV and 1.0 MeV
B: Tested at energies 0.1 MeV, 0.5 MeV and 1.0 MeV
*: indicates fiber tested at 1.5 MeV
Scan Index
1. Indicates testing for a minute duration monitoring
all wavelengths simultaneously.
2. Indicates testing for a minute duration monitoring a
single wavelength scan at 532 nm.
3. Indicates testing for a minute duration monitoring a
single wavelength scan at 816 nm.
4. Indicates testing over several minutes to capture
data from a full scan of wavelengths from 185 nm to
900 nm.
Optical Fiber Tested For Radiation Induced Scintillation
Manufacturer Part Number Dimensions Abbrev. Coating Profile Test Scan
Polymicro FVA200240320 200/240/320 PM1 acrylate step, high B 1,4
OH
Polymicro FIP200220240 200/220/240 PM2 polyimide step, low OH A 1,4
Polymicro FVP200220240 200/220/240 PM3 polyimide step, high A 1,4
OH
Polymicro FIA100140250 100/140/250 PM4 acrylate step, low OH A 1,4
3M FS-SN-4224, 816 nm 4.95/125/250 M3 acrylate step A 3
3M FS-VS-2614, 532 nm 3/80/200 M4 acrylate step A 2
3M FS-SC-5624, 1064 nm 5.95/125/250 M5 acrylate step A 1
3M FG-200-UCR 200/240/260/400 M1 Tecs/acrylate high OH B 1,4
3M FG-200-LCR 200/240/260/400 M2 Tecs/acrylate low OH A 1,4
Spectran SMCA0780, 816 nm 4.9/125/250 SP1 acrylate step A 3
Spectran SMCA0515, 532 nm 3/125/245 SP2 acrylate step A 2
Spectran SMCA0980D, 1064 nm 6.2/125/250 SP3 acrylate step B 1
Spectran C1032XA BF05444 100/140/500 SP4 acrylate/ graded B* 1,4
hermetic index
CeramOptec UV200/220/245P 200/220/245 CO1 polyimide step, high B 1,4
OH
CeramOptec WF200/220/245P 200/220/245 CO2 polyimide step, low OH A 1,4
CeramOptec UV100/140/155P 100/140 CO3 polyimide step, high A 1,4
OH
CeramOptec WF100/140/155P 100/140 CO4 polyimide step, low OH A 1,4
Litespec 100/140/900 LS1 buffer step index A 1,4
Results of Electron Induced Scintillation Testing of
Optical Fiber
• Events that occurred during testing were never over 250
photons/s, over the range 185 nm to 900 nm.
• Events that were recorded were attributed to arcing or
discharging inside of the electron accelerator casing; from
the stabilization corona points to the casing, and from the
accelerator plates as a result of impurities in the beam line.
• Concluded that no radiation induced scintillation was
occurring above the noise floor of the PMT at 50 photons/s
since recorded events were not a result of radiation induced
scintillation in the optical fiber but were events occurring
inside the electron accelerator casing and causing RF
spikes through the grounding of the equipment that was
recording data in the room with the accelerator.
Testing: Radiation Induced Attenuation of Spectran Hermetic Acrylate Rad Hard
Fiber, BF0544, 0 to 215 Krads dose rate = 50 rads/min
Induced Attenuation and Extrapolated Induced Attenuation for Spectran
BF0544 Acrylate Hermetic 100/140 Graded Index Multimode Fiber
vs. Total Dose, dose rate = 50 rads/min
14
Induced Attenuation (dB/Km)
12
10
8
Actual Data
6
Extrapolated
Data
4
2
0
0
15
30
45
60
75
90
105
120
135
150
165
180
195
Total Dose (Krad) 210
Total Ionizing Dose Radiation Induced Attenuation on Lucent
SFT Flight guide and Commercial 100/140/172 Optical Fiber
TID Induced Optical Attenuation for Lucent SFT Optical Fiber, 28.3
rads/min & .34 rads/min at -121 degrees C
14
Optical Attenuation (dB)
12
10
8 BF04436
BF05202 (old)
6 BF05202 (new)
4
2
0
1 122 243 364 485 606 727 848 969 1090 1211
Time (min)
Total Dose Testing of Optical Fiber
• Spectran 100/140/500 Hermetic graded index optical fiber, Total dose testing at
25C and at two different dose rates.
– 50 rads/min, TID 100 Krads, Attenuation = 9.59 dB/Km
» TID 15 Krads, Attenuation = 2.53 dB/Km
» TID 150, Saturation @ 12.21 dB/Km
– 34 rads/min, TID 100 Krads, Attenuation = 6.45 dB/Km
» TID 15 Krads, Attenuation = 1.69 dB/Km
» TID 160, Saturation @ 9.18 dB/Km
• Testing of Lucent SFT 100/140/172 Hermetic polyimide optical fiber, 100 m.
3 hrs @ 28.3 rads/min (5094 TID), 18 hours following 15 min rest at .34 rads/min with
temperature steady at -125C during exposure.
BF04436: 1st dose rate, optical loss ~ 3.82 dB,
2nd dose rate loss ~ 4.7 dB and rising
BF05202 (new process) : 1st dose rate, optical loss ~ 11.5 dB,
Flightguide 2nd dose rate loss ~ 7.3 dB and falling
BF05202 (old process, SL PREM BASE): 1st dose rate, loss ~ 11.32 dB
Flightguide: 2nd dose rate, loss ~ 7.1 dB
Conclusion
Thermal Characterizations
Length Shrinkage and Optical Stability:
W.L. Gore (8388, FON1008, FON1004), 12 optical fiber ribbon cable with MTPs
Spectran Flightguide,
Northern Lights Hytrel Jacketed, MM and SM & RIFOCS H06, HL1
Brand Rex OC1008, OC1614
Vibration Characterization
12 fiber ribbon cable (W.L.Gore) and MTP (USCONEC)
Radiation Characterization (Scintillation)
Variety: Polymicro, 3M, Spectran, CeramOptec, Litespec
Radiation Characterization (TID)
Spectran: BF05444,
Lucent SFT: BF05202, BF04436
Outgassing: FON1008 passed with acrylate coated fiber
IMAPS/NEPP Advanced Technology Workshop
Session on Photonics/Optoelectronics
May 24, 2000
8:05 am - 8:40 am
Space Qualification of Optoelectronic and Photonic Devices, Dr. Quiesup Kim, JPL
8:40 am - 9:15 am
Kilowatt Peak Power Semiconductor Laser Arrays, The Challenge of Space Flight
Qualification, Dr. Carl J. Magee, NASA Langley Research Center
9:20 am - 9:55 am
Characterization of Commercial Optical Fiber Cables for Space Flight Environments at
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Melanie Ott, Sigma Research and Engineering
9:55 am - 10:30 am
Implementation of Optical Cables in a Spacecraft Environment, Doug Hardy, W.L. Gore
10:30 am - 10:55 am
Defects in NFOC-2FFF-1GRP-1 Optical Cable Used in International Space Station
Hardware, Jeannette Plante, Swales Aerospace
10:55 am - 11:30 am
High Speed InP Based 1 x 2 Optical Switch, Simarjeet Saini, University of Maryland
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