Modern Iran

Susan M. Pojer Ho race Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY The Geography of Iran Iranian Oil Resources Dr. Mohammad Mossadegh, Prime Minister of Iran  Became Prime Minister in 1951.  Nationalized the fo reign oil companies.  Got rid of co rrupt military officials.  Was toppled in a coup aided by the America CIA in 1953.  The Shah of Iran returns to power. Q4 Shah Reza Pahlavi (r. 1941 – 1977)  Institutes Western refo rms & ties with the West .  But, the majo rity of his people live in poverty.  Brutal suppression Q5 The Shah & His W i fe, Farah Iranian elite/upper- and intellectual classes: very pro-Western. “The White Revolution” 1. The Shah’s Refo rm Program (1963) Land refo rm – 90% of Iran’s peasants became land ow n ers. Massive government-financed heavy industry projects. Granted women mo re political power – the right to vote. Poured government mo n 2. 3. 4. The Shah at Geo rge Washington’s Home, 1950s The Shah with Several American Presidents The Shah with President Jimmy Carter Reasons fo r the Fall of the Shah  The Shah spent the oil profits fo r top of the li n e American military hardware.  Little mo n ey to reinvest back into the Iranian economy.  Religious leaders angry with the Shah fo r too much “Westernization.” Anti-Shah Protests The Shah’s Chief Oppo n 1. Oil field wo rkers. ents? 2. Students and other intellectuals. 3. Middle class busi n essmen. 4. Iranian nationalists. Q6 Anti-American Pin (1960s) Iranian Students Protest in Beverley Hills Anarchy & Revolution The Shah leaves Iran on 1/16/79. Ayatollah Khomeini Leads the Revolution Khomeini returns to Iran on February 11, 1979. Q7 Ayatollah Khomeini (r. 1979-1989)  1902 – 1989.  Became an Islamic scholar (studied in Qom).  Began to speak out against the Shah in the 1960s.  Arrested and impriso n Triumphant Muslim Clerics & Iranian Soldiers A theocracy is created! Q8 SAVAK Suspects Taken The Fate of the Shah’s Ge n erals Iran Revolutionary Poster When the devil leaves, the angel returns! American Embassy in Tehran Taken Over Q9 52 Americans Held Hostage fo r 444 Days! President Carter Becomes a Hostage, Too Hostage Rescue Disaster 52 American Hostages Released in Jan., 1981 The Khomeini Revolution Women in Iran A woman’s hijab represents her Islamic and mo ral values. Political Cartoon Commentary The dictato rshi p is go Suppo rt fo r the Palestinian Cause Funds Hamas and Hezbollah. The Ayatollah with Yasir Arafat. The Iran-Iraq War (1980-1988) Q10 The Iran-Iraq War: Taking Sides Secretary Rumsfeld & Saddam Hussein: 1983 Iraqi Soldiers At the Front  375,000 Iraqi casualties & 60,000 POWs! Iranian Soldiers  Over 1,000,000 Iranian casualties! Q11 Khomeini’s Death (Ju n e, 1989) Iranian Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khame n ei The Ayatollah represents the fundamentalist Mullahs. Ayatollah Khatami The Ayatollah is considered a political moderate. Q12 Suppo rt fo r the Shi’ites in Iraq Today Moqtada al-Sadr, radical Shi’ite leader in Fallujah, Iraq Another Nuclear Power? US satellite photo of Iranian nuclear facility n ear Arak. An American view of Iranian nuclear power PINOCCHIAYATOLLAH Scott Stantis A view of Iran’s nuclear power from Al-Jazeerah Nobody else (particularly Iran and Arab countries) should have nuclear weapons except Israel, says Another Future Revolution? A “Shah” in the Waiting? Reza Pahlavi (III?), 43 year-old son of the deposed Shah. Bibliography  “23 Year Picto rial Histo ry of Iran.” http://home.att. n et/~iranshahr/  “Iranian.com.” www.iranian.com/Revolution/war.html.  “Iran Hostage Anniversary.” www.cbs CBS News.