.NET Framework Overview .NET and the .NET Framework Objectives  Learn basic principles and concepts of.NET and the .NET framework Contents   Looking Back .NET and .NET Framework Overview Summary Questions   Section 1: Looking Back  Challenges  Challenges for the development organization for the corporate customer  Missing ???? Challenges for Development Organization  Development  Language and operating system choices  Delivery  CD-ROM: production, packaging, transport DLL compatibility issues Operating system—pollution leads to instability Compatibility tests with “popular” solutions  Stability     Maintenance   Customer involvement, even for critical updates Packaging, production, and delivery of medium Challenges for the Corporate Customer  Deployment  Installation often requires time and personnel   Testing for compatibility with existing applications and OS License management  Stability    and security Requires (even more!) testing Can lead to inadvertent breaches of security Can destabilize the system or other solutions [ Registry]  Maintenance  All the problems of deployment and security revisited! Missing ????  We need all system features to be available to programmers in any language.  We’d like our code to be able to run on a variety of platforms. need help with managing different versions of the same software package. like object-oriented programming features to be available in and between all programming languages. safety, we want to be able to restrict the operations of pieces of code we don’t fully trust.  We  We’d  For The .NET Framework Design Goals What were missing are goals !!!!  "Cross-Language Development‖  Inheritance, Debugging, Exception handling   Reliability and Security Simple Development and Deployment Device-agnostic  Section 2: .NET Framework Overview  What Is .NET? Paths—from Anywhere to .NET  Migration  Key Benefits of .NET Concept of Platform independence & Language Independence Java Code Byte Code Native Code Java Compiler JRE C# Code IL Compiler MS-IL Code CLR Native Code VB.NET Code IL Compiler Managed code   Code running under control of the CLR is called Managed code Platform Independence :  Mono - Linux   Mono - Mac .NET framework - windows   Performance Improvement [JIT] Language interpretability [ IL1 + SC2 = IL2 ] Strong Data typing  IL – No ambiguous data type VB variant (NO)   VB.NET  CTS Integer - C# no Integer – COMMON TYPE SPECIFICATION data types that are in IL  Predefined  .NET languages targets code depends on these types Integer & C# int – IL’s Int32  VB.NET  CTS defines rich hierarchy of types. What is . NET?  .Net = Library + Environment : like extension of API Layer between OS and Application.  Library  Environment : .NET Framework Architecture C# VB C++ Scheme … Visual Studio.NET Common Language Specification ASP .NET XML Services Windows Forms User Interfaces ADO .NET and XML Data Connectivity Base Class Library Base Framework Common Language Runtime Operating System Common Language Runtime Base Class Library Support Thread Support COM Marshaler Type Checker Security Engine MSIL to Native Compilers (JIT) Code Manager Exception Manager Debug Engine Garbage Collector (GC) Class Loader JIT – Just In Time   IL is always JIT compiled where java byte code was interpreted IL never compiled to native code in one go, JIT compiler simply each portion of code as it is called (Just In Time) Then resultant native code is stored until the application exits. So no need to recompile   Since final stage JIT Compiler know exactly what processor type the program will run on. Take advantage of particular machine code instruction. Garbage Collector Before GC the application code do it manually [ C++ ] never occupied for longer than unnecessary.  Make  Resources  Code that request memory should explicitly inform the system when it no longer requires that memory.  Make objects maintain reference counts [ COM ]  COM component maintain a count of how many clients are currently maintaining reference to it.  When reference count reaches to zero, component can destroy itself and free up memory and resources. GC – Clean up memory  Dynamically on heap. requested memory allocated  When heap gets full and needs tidying up, it calls garbage collector. references to objects stored on the heap to identify which one are accessible from your code.  GC examining  Objects that are not referred to are deemed to be no longer accessible from your code and therefore be removed. collector has access to the list of active roots that the just-in-time (JIT) compiler and the runtime maintain.  The garbage Languages      Ada  APL Basic (Visual Basic) C# C   lcc (MS Research Redmond) Mondrian (Utrecht) ML (MS Research Cambridge)     C++ J# COBOL Component Pascal (Queensland Univ of Tech) ECMAScript (JScript) Eiffel (Monash University) Haskell (Utrecht University)  Mercury (Melbourne U.) Oberon (Zurich University) Oz (Univ of Saarlandes) Perl Python Scheme (Northwestern U.) SmallTalk          Key Benefits of .NET  Ease  of Use is an object Object-oriented model  Everything  Namespace and Framework structure  Easier to comprehend and use scheme of namespaces reflects the underlying functionality  Naming  Freedom  to Choose: The language that meets your needs   The development tool that is best for you The ―features and functionality‖ to ―plug in to‖ Key Benefits of .NET  Stability  Say ―goodbye‖ to memory leaks    Garbage collection manages memory Assembly eliminates DLL compatibility issues Deliverables are restricted to an assembly  Security   Restricting or containing the illegal memory reference Comprehensive security model  Assembly  System  Code specific wide inspection through MSIL Key Benefits of .NET  Deployment   and Management Deployment: Code is ―Assembled‖ and Run ―Securely‖ Maintenance: Version Maintenance Simplified  The    Web the Way You Want It Anywhere Anytime On any device The Framework Sample of what’s in the framework           Microsoft® .NET Base Class Libraries File IO Networking Database Access XML Security Cryptography Threading Enterprise Services Graphics         COM Interoperability Registry Monitoring System Events Windows® Management Interface Globalization Configuration Diagnostics Reflection The .NET Framework Namespaces System.Web Services Description Discovery System.WinForms Design ComponentModel UI HtmlControls WebControls Protocols Caching Configuration Security SessionState System.Drawing Drawing2D Imaging Printing Text System.Data ADO SQL XSLT System.Xml Serialization Design SQLTypes XPath System Collections Configuration IO Net Security ServiceProcess Runtime InteropServices Diagnostics Globalization Reflection Resources Text Threading Remoting Serialization IL Compilers  CSC       & vbc out target:exe winexe library o warn: 0-4 nowarn unsafe      checked nologo main reference lib Configuration and Deployment Tools       Type Library Exporter (Tlbexp.exe) Type Library Importer (Tlbimp.exe) Web Services Description Language Tool (Wsdl.exe) Web Services Discovery Tool (Disco.exe) XML Schema Definition Tool (Xsd.exe) ASP.NET Install (aspnet_regiis.exe)    Global Assembly Cache tool (gacutil.exe) .NET Framework Configuration Tool (mscorcfg.msc) Installer tool (installutil.exe) Security Tools   Code Access Security Policy Tool (Caspol.exe) File Signing Tool (Signcode.exe) Permissions View Tool (Permview.exe) PEVerify Tool (PEverify.exe) Secutil Tool (Secutil.exe) Strong Name Tool (Sn.exe)     General Tools  Common Language Runtime Minidump Tool (Mscordmp.exe)  mscordmp /pid [pid number] /out [output file]     MSIL Assembler (Ilasm.exe) MSIL Disassembler (Ildasm.exe) Resource File Generator Tool (Resgen.exe) Windows Forms Class Viewer (Wincv.exe)