Dictators and World War II

20th Century: World War II Causes and results Adler Ch 46 47,48,49 Dictatorships: Fascists and Communist Dictators: Totalitarianism Characteristics “Total State” Not passive obedience  Expected active loyalty and commitment  control of political, economic, social and cultural aspects of life  led by a single leader and party  not interested in individual freedom (civil liberties)  used modern technology and propaganda  Representative 20th Century Dictators      The Fascists Benito MussoliniItaly Adolph HitlerGermany Fransico FrancoSpain Juan PeronArgentina       The Communists Joseph Stalin USSR Mao Zedong- China Ho Chi MinhVietnam Fidel Castro- Cuba Tito- Yugoslavia Benito Mussolini 1883-1945 Il Duce First Fascist Dictator  Italy- in political and economic crisis  had support of middle class seeking stability  1922- march on Rome- Victor Emmanuel made him PM  Could legislate by decree, police state  Created Young Fascists- Never really in control of all culture/society  Adolph Hitler 1889-1945 Der Fuhrer born in Austria-early life in Vienna  core of beliefs- anti-Semitic  wrote “Mein Kampf” in jail in 20’s  built Nazi party on dissatisfaction  won over elite and establishment  fear of communists- largest party  » became chancellor  Reichtag burned-emergency powers The Nazi State 1933-1945  Total State techniques » propaganda masters » mass demonstrations » rearmament of the military » SS control of police using terror based on Nazi ideology (secret police,camps execution and extermination) » Churches and youth groups under control » GOAL Aryan ???? racial ??? state. Joseph Stalin and the USSR Communist State Similar to Total state  oppression of the masses  ownership of production and land by the state  forced rapid industrialization cruel  purges- wondered who was in power  elections? one party. 10% member  Fascists (cont..)    Spain General Francisco Franco 1892-1975 resulted from a civil war with communists aided by Italy and Germany    Latin America military dictators popular Juan Peron in Argentina Path to World War II Looking for “living room” expansion  Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia  » Munich Conference- Chamberlain believed Hitler - would not demand more repudiated the Versailles TreatyRhineland  1938 annexed Austria  Poland invasion 1939- Treaty with GB and France declared war  Blitzkrieg- Lightening War Poland surrendered in 4 weeks  Same speed took Denmark, Norway Belgium, Holland and France (s of Paris)  Troops on continent trapped at Dunkirk  Importance of airwar- bombing of England  allied with Italy- took North Africa  Allied Offensive 1943-45 Began in North Africa  Japan and the United States enter war in 1941  Sicily 1943  Italy to So France  Normandy- largest invasion in history  Other battles, Battle of the Bulge, Arnheim, Remagen, Berlin  The Holocaust- the plan to eliminate the opposition Concentration Camps become death Camps (more than 100 of these)  Brought Jews and any in opposition from all over Europe (Denmark the exception)  Labor Camps- Arbeit Mach Frei  killed two out of every 3 Jews- 6 mil  Another 9-10 mil more  Pacific War Japan, China , US GB Japan had invaded and controlled much of China resisted by Mao Zedong and Chaing Kai Sheck  Dec 7, 1941- Bombs on Pearl Harbor  United States in the war  Economy- rationing- war machines built  Beginning of the end of tyranny  United States Undisputed World Leader  Making Plans for Peace The Big Three: Chruchill, Roosevelt, Stalin  Locations: Teheran, Yalta, Potsdam (Truman) VE Day  Atomic Bomb Test / Dropped  Ended War VJ Day  Churchill “An Iron curtain has descended in Europe” Beginning of the Cold War 