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Proceedings of the XXV Jubilee
World Buiatrics Congress
Budapest, Hungary - 2008

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Reprinted in IVIS with the permission of the Congress Organizers
Reprinted in IVIS with the permission of the Congress Organizers Close window to return to IVIS

Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders

2 Polyunsatured Fatty Acid in Dairy Cows: concentrations were increased (P < 0.05) above control cattle only at day
a Case of Functional Feed (NAT3) 30 (year 1 and 2) or day 60 (year 2 only).
Conclusions: The use of intra-ruminal Se boluses or Se fertilization of
1 3 2 1
G. Gabaldo , A. De Palma , A. Fusari , M. Pizzicara , pastures resulted in superior increases in blood Se concentrations in
3 2
S. Tinelli , A. Ubaldi cattle intensively grazing irrigated pastures vs. cattle receiving a single
1
Original Process, Cholet, France Se injection. The bolus achieved more consistent increases in blood Se
2
University of Parma, Department of Animal Health, Parma, Italy concentrations.
3
Veterinary Practitioner, Verona, Italy
4 Clinicopathological Evaluation of Downer Dairy Cows with
Omega 3 fatty acids can cross the rumen wall not being saturated by Fatty Liver
saturates. In this mechanism, DHA plays a fundamental rule
1 1 2 1
conditioning the rumen ﬂora to convert C18:2 fatty acids in C18:1 P. Kalaitzakis , N. Panousis , N. Roubies , N. Giadinis ,
3 1
(trans vaccenic acid). This switch in the fatty acids production produces E. Kaldrymidou ,H. Karatzias
1
an increase in CLA and DHA milk fat fractions other than other types School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University, Clinic of Farm
of unsaturated fatty acids speciﬁc for dairy milk, that ameliorates the Animals, Thessaloniki, Greece
2
nutritional characteristics of the milk for humans. School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University, Laboratory of
Experimental study was performed utilising commercial product (FOG3) Clinical Diagnosis and Clinical Pathology, Thessaloniki, Greece
3
containing an association of olyunsatured Fatty Acid (PUFAs) from School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University, Laboratory of
vegetable-origin like Linolenic Acid and from animal-origin like E.P.A. Pathology, Thessaloniki, Greece
and D.H.A. (NAT), associated with antioxidant molecules (Vitamin E and
Selenium) and stimulating factors of the rumen fauna (FAP). Objective: To evaluate the severity of fatty liver and macro mineral status
The trial involved totally 44 heads of dairy cows by 5 farms, one in the in downer dairy cows and asses the usefulness of determination of serum
province of Verona (10 treatments and 10 controls), where only the ornithine carbamoyl transferase (OCT) activity, bile acids concentration,
zoometric and milk quality indices were tested and 4 farms in the province and other variables for prognosis.
of Bari, where metabolic, endocrinological, fertility, zoometric and milk Materials and Methods: 36 Holstein downer cows were used. Blood and
quality indices were tested in 6 cows each farm (3 cases and 3 controls liver biopsy specimens were obtained as soon as possible after cows
each). Biochemical analysis performed stressed that treatments involved became recumbent and before any treatments were administered. Liver
in this study inﬂuenced particularly parameters correlated to lipid status. tissue was examined histologically and classiﬁed according to the severity
The study conﬁrms that omega 3 fatty acids inﬂuenced lipoproteic of fatty liver. Serum activities of liver-derived enzymes (OCT, GDH,
fractions (LDL and HDL) and total cholesterol levels that can be use to SDH and also AST, ALT, GGT, ALP) and concentrations of total lipids,
point out the necessity to administer omega 3 fatty acids. In treated and triglycerides, bile acids, glucose, ‚-hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetic acid, total
control subjects, plasma progesterone levels were measured. bilirubin, nonesteriﬁed fatty acids, cholesterol and macro minerals (Ca,
Reproduction performance tests showed a good correlation between Mg, K, Na, P) were determined.
analytical data and the levels of progesterone and the proof of Results: The majority of the downer cows had fatty liver inﬁltration;
pregnancy. In the milk collected by treated cows we noted a signiﬁcant 44% were classiﬁed as moderate and 44% were classiﬁed as severe
increase in CLA (C18:2) +109,34%, DHA (C22:6) + 223,80%, and fatty liver inﬁltration. Survival of the downer cows with moderate and
palmitoleic acid (C16:1) +18.57%, while a decrease in ratios of EPA severe fatty liver was poor. Serum activities of OCT and GDH, and
(C20 :5) -57.14%, ALA (C18:3) -20.79% and stearic acid (C18:0) - NEFA/cholesterol ratio were indicators of fatty liver. Serum bile acids
26.09% was observed. concentration was not an accurate indicator of fatty liver.
Key words: PUFAs, omega 3, DHA, CLA, EPA, transition cow, Conclusions: Fatty liver is quite common in downer cows. Serum
fertility activities of OCT and GDH are useful indicators of fatty liver.
NEFA/cholesterol ratio is also recommended for diagnosis of fatty
3 Three Methods of Supplementing Selenium to Intensively liver in downer dairy cows, whereas determination of bile acids
Grazed Beef Cattle concentration is not.
Key words: fatty liver, OCT, GDH, downer cows
J. Maas
University of California, Veterinary Medicine Extension, Davis, 5 Vitamin E and Oxidative Damage in Heifers
United States
1 1 1 1
R. Bouwstra , R. Goselink , P. Dobbelaar , M. Nielen ,
2 1
Objectives: To compare the efﬁcacy of supplementing selenium (Se) J. Newbold , T. Werven
1
to grazing beef cattle by injection, intra-ruminal bolus, and Se Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Animal Health
fertilization of pastures. Department, Utrecht, Netherlands
2
Materials and Methods: Weaned beef heifers (16 per group) intensively Provimi Research and Innovation Centre, Brussels, Belgium
grazing irrigated pastures were studied using 4 treatments in 4 replicates
for 2 years and the trials lasted 120 days. Group 1: one intra-ruminal The question is whether measurements of oxidative and vitamin E
osmotic pump bolus supplying 3 mg Se for 120 days; group 2: 2.5 mg status in blood of a periparturient cow are representative for the total
Se/45.4 kg subcutaneously; group 3: pastures fertilized with 10g Se per body, given that blood concentrations of vitamin E and oxidative stress
hectare (sodium selenate); and, group 4: Se deﬁcient heifers with no Se products change around this period. This study investigated the
supplements. The Se fertilized pastures were treated prior to the grazing relationship between oxidative damage and the effect of vitamin E
season and all other treatments were administered on day 0. Blood supplementation in blood, milk and liver tissue in sixteen periparturient
samples for Se analysis were collected at days 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 of heifers. The daily vitamin E intake of the vitamin E supplemented
each trial period. Selenium was analyzed by ICP spectroscopy and data Holstein Friesian heifers (n=8) was 3000 international units and started
was analyzed by ANOVA methods. two months before calving; the control heifers (n=8) were not
Results: Blood Se concentration (ppb; µg/l) data is listed as values for day supplemented. Oxidative damage was determined on the basis of
0, 30, 60, 90, and 120, respectively. Year 1. Group 1: 13 ± 4, 94 ± 28, 130 malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations. Blood was sampled nine
± 19, 184 ± 15, and 234 ± 27. Group 2: 13 ± 5, 30 ± 6, 20 ± 8, 15 ± 3, and times before calving, on calving day and twice after calving. Liver
8 ± 6. Group 3: 13 ± 5, 113±28, 135 ± 23, 159 ± 20, and 148 ± 16. Group biopsies were taken at week -5, -1, and 2 relative to calving day. Milk
4: 12 ± 4, 14 ± 5, 10 ± 6, 5 ± 1, and 4 ± 4. Year 2. Group 1: 16 ± 3, 88 ± was obtained from all heifers immediately after calving, the ﬁrst two
7, 126 ± 13, 172 ± 19, and 200 ± 19. Group 2: 20 ± 4, 31 ± 4, 27 ± 3, 18 ± milkings and on days 3, 7 and 14 at 6 am. Serum and liver tissue were
2, and 10 ± 3. Group 3: 17 ± 3, 46 ± 11, 56 ±9, 46 ± 8, and 40 ± 8. Group analyzed for vitamin E, cholesterol and MDA and milk samples were
4: 22 ± 8, 13 ± 6, 9 ± 2, 9 ± 4, and 7 ± 4. The blood Se concentrations were analyzed for vitamin E, MDA, fat, protein and somatic cell count. The
signiﬁcantly (P < 0.0001) increased above controls (group 4) for groups 1 results show that vitamin E supplements increased both absolute
and 3 in both years and at all times after day 0. Group 2 blood Se vitamin E concentrations and the ratio of vitamin E to cholesterol in

Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders 3

Proceedings of the 25th World Buiatrics Congress, 2008 - Budapest, Hungary
Reprinted in IVIS with the permission of the Congress Organizers Close window to return to IVIS

blood and liver tissue. Absolute vitamin E concentration in milk tended Objective: The aim was to compare effects of two levels of organic
to be higher in supplemented cows. Based on the increased MDA blood selenium (Se) sources and an inorganic selenium source on blood,
concentrations at calving, it seems that dairy heifers experience colostrum and milk Se levels, blood chemistry parameters in dairy
oxidative stress. The effect of vitamin E on MDA differs between the cows under ﬁeld conditions.
blood, liver and mammary gland. Vitamin E supplementation could not Material and methods: 36 Holstein cows from 5 weeks (wk) ante-
prevent the rise in blood MDA at calving, but the signiﬁcantly lower partum (a.p.) to 12 weeks postpartum (p.p.). Treatments (n=9): 1. NC no
MDA blood concentrations of supplemented cows in the two weeks Se added, 2. PC - 0.3 ppm Se (sodium selenite), S1 0.3 ppm Se (Se
after calving suggest vitamin E has a role in recovery from parturition- yeast), 3. S2 - 5 ppm Se (Se yeast). At 5 and 1 wk a.p., at the calving, and
related oxidative stress. Vitamin E supplementation reduced oxidative 4, 8, 12 wk p.p., blood samples were analysed for Se, GSH-Px, TP,
damage in liver, while no obvious effect was found on milk MDA albumin, urea, billirubin, AST, GMT, CK, vit. E. Colostrum and milk
concentrations. A strong relationship was found between blood and was collected at the calving and 4, 8 and 12 wk p.p. and analysed for Se.
liver tissue vitamin E and the ratio of vitamin E to cholesterol. MDA Results: Initial Se status in all the cows was marginal. NC showed
concentrations in blood and milk were also strongly related. The results suboptimal Se levels for whole period. S1 and S2 showed signiﬁcantly
show that the relationship between oxidative damage and vitamin E (P < 0.01) higher values than NC and PC.
differs within blood, liver tissue and milk. This implies that oxidative
Table 1. Se levels in whole blood
and vitamin E status calculated on the basis of blood values alone
should be interpreted with caution and cannot be extrapolated to the
whole animal. Treat- NC PC S1 S2 P
Key words: vitamin E, oxidative damage, dairy heifer ment (0,3ppm Se) (0,3ppm Se) (5 ppm Se)
Se (µg/l) Se (µg/l) Se (µg/l) Se (µg/l)
34 Serum Non-Esteriﬁed Fatty Acid and Beta-Hydroxybutyrate in Mean S.D. Mean S.D. Mean S.D. Mean S.D.
the Transition Period and their Associations with Disease in
Dairy Cows 5 wk a.p. 69,16 5,0 70,3 5,7 77,7 7,3 70,6 6,7
1 wk a.p. 68,2a 6,2 90,8a 7,0 97,7b 7,7 155,0c 22,1 < 0,01
1 1 2
M. Carson , S. LeBlanc , S. Godden , M. Capel ,
3 Calving 67,0a 5,6 93.6b 7,9 109,1c 7,9 152,2d 16,5 < 0,01
4 5 1
M. Overton , J. Santos , K. Leslie , T. Dufﬁeld
1 4 wk p.p. 65,7a 5,7 86,1b 33,7 129,1c 7,7 170,8d 19,8 < 0,01
1
Ontario Veterinary College, Population Medicine, Guelph, Canada 8 wk p.p 68,9a 4,3 105,1b 7,0 128,6c 11,2 184,4d 9,9 < 0,01
2
University of Minnesota, Population Medicine, St. Paul, USA 12 wk p.p. 73,52a 5,03 110,0b 15,9 129,22c 9,58 193,49d 15,32 < 0,01
3
Perry Veterinary Clinic, Perry, USA
4
University of Georgia, College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, USA Colostrum Se levels were higher (P < 0.01) in S1 (128.17 µg/l) and S2
5
University of California, College of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, USA (155.58 µg/l) than in NC (94.68 µg/l) and PC (99.3 µg/l).Overall mean
milk Se levels in S1 (20.4 µg/l) and S2 (50.0 µg/l) were higher (P <
Introduction: Serum non-esteriﬁed fatty acid (NEFA) and beta- 0.01) than in NC (10.9 µg/l) and PC (16.6 µg/l). GSH-Px activity in
hydroxy-butyrate (BHB) concentrations provide insight into the whole blood in S1 and S2 was higher than in NC and PC (P < 0.01). CK
metabolic health of transition dairy cows. The objective of this study activity decreased with higher org. Se doses. TP, albumin, urea,
was to further characterize the relationship of serum NEFA and BHB billirubin, AST, GMT, and vit. E were within the physiological ranges,
concentrations in the transition period with clinical disease in dairy non-signiﬁcant differences.
cows across different regions of North America. Conclusions: Se levels in whole blood, colostrum and milk, and GSH-
Methods: A ﬁeld study was conducted using 2403 Holstein cows in 56 Px activity were signiﬁcantly increased by organic Se supplementation.
dairy herds in 4 regions of Canada and the United States. Once weekly, The response was dose dependent and consistent. Selenium from
after the morning feeding, blood was collected from cows in the week organic source was more bio available than selenium from sodium
before their expected calving date, and again from the same cows in selenite. Dietary Se at a tolerance dose (5 ppm) had no detrimental
weeks 1, 2, and 3 postpartum. Serum was stored at -20°C within 8 effect on the blood chemistry parameters analysed.
hours of collection. NEFA and BHB were measured using a Hitachi Project no. 1G46086 (NAZV).
911 auto-analyzer. Key words: dairy cows, organic selenium, blood, milk, metabolic
Results: Results were available from 2149 (conﬁrm) cows. Considered proﬁle
alone and assuming equal weight on sensitivity and speciﬁcity, the
optimal cut-points for prediction of LDA were, prepartum: NEFA < 0.5 36 The Inﬂuence of Subclinical Hypocalcemia on Production and
mEq/L; week 1 postpartum: NEFA 1.0; or week 1 or 2 postpartum: Reproduction Parameters in Israeli Dairy Herds
BHB 1400 mol/L (i.e. subclinical ketosis (SCK)). The 23% of cows
with NEFA 0.5 in week -1 were 2.8 times more likely to subsequently Ch. Gild, Ni. Alpert, Mi. Van-Straten
have LDA than cows below this cut-point. The 20.5% of cows with Hachaklait, Ceasaria, Israel
NEFA > 1.0 in week +1 were 4.6 times more likely to develop LDA.
The prevalence of SCK and relative risk for affected cows to develop Introduction: Nearly all mature cows experience some degree of
LDA were 14% and 4.4 in week +1, and 16% and 3.6 in week +2. Cows Hypocalcemia (HypoC) during the 1st hours post calving. Most cows
that did not have elevated NEFA pre- or postpartum or SCK had the cope with these low Ca concentrations without apparent clinical signs
lowest risk of LDA (0.8%). Conversely, cows that had both high however, in some cases Ca concentrations decline to levels that disrupt
postpartum NEFA and SCK, with or without high NEFA prepartum, neuromuscular function, resulting in the clinical syndrome known as milk
had a 15 to 16% incidence of LDA. The magnitude, timing, and fever. It has been established that cows suffering from clinical milk fever
duration of elevations in NEFA and BHB combine in a complex are susceptible to a variety of secondary problems. To the best of our
manner to predict the risk of LDA. Among the 53% of cows with knowledge, no one has evaluated the impact of subclinical HypoC on
NEFA > 0.3 mEq/L in week -1, there was a signiﬁcant (P = 0.005) but (re)production parameters. Most trials compare the affect of different diets
modest increase in risk of RP (9% vs. 6%; RR = 1.6). on the occurrence of HypoC (clinical and subclinical). Big emphasis is
Conclusion: These data conﬁrm the associations of NEFA and BHB with given to the subclinical condition although its adverse effects have not
health and support their use as tools for monitoring or investigation of been proven. Our objective was to investigate the association between
transition dairy cows. However, used alone, the positive predictive value subclinical HypoC and (re)production parameters in Israeli dairy herds.
of these associations is low, which is expected given the multifactorial Materials and methods: Blood samples for corrected calcium were
nature of both RP and LDA. collected from 634 mature cows from 5 farms. Disease and
reproduction data were recorded for 180 days. Milk and milk solids
35 The Effect of Organic and Inorganic Dietary Selenium Sources data originated from monthly milk recordings. Subclinical HypoC was
on Selenium Levels in Blood, Colostrum and Milk and deﬁned as serum corrected Ca below 7.5 mg/dl 8-20 hours postpartum
Metabolic Proﬁle in Dairy Cows in the absence of milk fever. Associations between subclinical HypoC
and retained placenta, metritis, ketosis, stillbirth and uterus prolapse
1 1 2
D. Kumprechtova , J. Illek , N. Ballet were investigated using chi-square tests. Time to conception data was
1
Veterinary and Pharmaceutical University Brno, Clinic of Ruminant analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method. The relationship between
Diseases, Brno, Czech Republic subclinical HypoC and milk production was investigated with a
2
Lesaffre Feed Additives, R&D, Lille, France marginal model for repeated measurements.

4 XXV. Jubilee World Buiatrics Congress 2008

Proceedings of the 25th World Buiatrics Congress, 2008 - Budapest, Hungary
Reprinted in IVIS with the permission of the Congress Organizers Close window to return to IVIS

Results: Occurrence of clinical and subclinical HypoC was 2.5%, 18.8% hormones and cytokines in Holstein cows during the peripartal
respectively. Compared with normocalcemic cows, the subclinical period. Maybe there are some similarities with the components of the
hypocalcemic cows produced 3.2, 2.7 and 1.9 kg more milk in the ﬁrst human metabolic syndrome.
three milk recordings, respectively. Sub clinical hypocalcmic cows did Material and methods: 15 cattle were fed with a high energetic diet
not have an increased risk for post parturient diseases nor compromised (hED) until they became pregnant, 15 heifers were chosen because
reproduction parameters in comparison to normocalcemic cows. of their high back fat thickness (hBFTh), and 15 cattle were fed in
Conclusions: We could not demonstrate a negative impact of the optimum conditions (oED). Blood samples were taken 1 week before
subclinical condition on (re)production parameters. We hypothesize that parturition (w a.p.), 3 days after parturition (d p.p.) and 1 month p.p.
although Ca blood levels decline to sub normal values, the short time to determine metabolic, hormonal as well as immunological
period and physiological adaptations enable cows to undergo this parameters.
disturbance without apparent (re)production loss. Our results suggest that Results: The FFA, insulin and TNF1 concentration (medians) are
anionic diets to prevent subclinical HypoC are not warranted in Israel as shown in the table.
the incidence of milk fever is relatively low.
FFA (mmol/l) insulin (nmol/l) TNF1 (ng/ml)
37 Fatty Liver and Serum Concentrations of Insulin and Glucose 1 w 3 d 3–5w 1 w 3 d 3–5 w 1 w 3 d 3–5 w
in Dairy Cows a.p. p.p. p.p. a.p. p.p. p.p. a.p. p.p. p.p.
1 2 3 1
D. Kirovsci , H. Samanc , M. Jovanovic , N. Fratric , hED 160 610 200 0,16 0,07 0,12 27 33 29
4 2 2
D. Gvozdis , I. Vujanac , B. Dimitrijevic oED 190 450 275 0,13 0,09 0,09 10 22 10
1
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Belgrade, Department of Physiology, hBFTh 270 612 230 0,16 0,16 0,13 10 10 34
Belgrade, Serbia
2
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Belgrade, Department of Internal In high back fat thickness, the cows insulin concentrations were
Medicine, Belgrade, Serbia significant higher at the third d p.p. than in the other groups; the high
3
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Belgrade, Department of Pathology, back thick fatness cows showed the highest glucose concentrations
Belgrade, Serbia during the whole sample period. We found a positive correlation
4
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Belgrade, Department of between TNF-1 and FFA concentrations in cattle with hBFTh
Pathophysiology, Belgrade, Serbia (r=0.63). In hBFTh heifers and in cattle the concentrations of IGF-I
were significant lower at day 3 p.p. Not only a positive correlation
The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between fatty liver existed among the IGF-I and the FFA concentrations (r=-0.52) but
and serum concentrations of insulin and glucose in dairy cows during also a negative correlation among IGF-I and haptoglobin in all
peripartal period. Twenty-one Holstein dairy cows were used in this groups (r=-0.61).
study. The cows were classiﬁed into three groups (n=7 per group) Conclusion: In conclusion the study shows that changes of energy fat
according to the histopathologic ﬁndings in hepatocytes: Group 1: cows metabolism - including TNF-1 from adipose tissue is comparable with
with mild fatty liver, Group 2: cows with moderate fatty liver and Group the metabolic syndrome in humans and may be directly involved in the
3: cows with severe fatty liver. Liver samples for histopathologic analysis pathogenesis of many postpartum disturbances.
were collected from cows by percutaneous needle biopsy on day 10 Key words: metabolism, body condition, metabolic syndrome, heifers
postpartum. Liver samples were ﬁxed in paraformaldehyde solution, cut
and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Blood serum insulin and glucose 39 Inﬂuence of Gluconeogenesis on Metabolic Status and
concentrations were determinated in blood samples obtained from v. Appereance of Oxydative Stress in Peripartal Cows
jugularis at the middle of dry period (30 to 35 days prior parturition), 5 to
1 2
10 days prior parturition and 10 days after parturition. Insulin con- B. Dimitrijevic , S. Borozan
1
centration was measured by radioimmunoassay. Glucose concentration Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Belgrade, Clinic for Ruminants and
was measured spectrophotometrically. Insulin concentration was Pigs, Belgrade, Serbia
2
signiﬁcantly lower at day 10 postpartum than 5 to 10 days prior to partus Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Belgrade, Chemistry, Belgrade, Serbia
(p < 0.05) and 30 to 35 days prior to partus (p < 0.01) in all three groups
of cows. No signiﬁcant differences in serum insulin concentrations were In ketotic condition of cows, due to presence of ketone bodies,
present among groups of cows in all examined time periods. In Group 3 appearance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen
serum glucose concentration was signiﬁcantly lower 10 days postpartum species (RNS) might occur. Durable presence of ketone bodies may
than 5 to 10 days prior to parturition (p < 0.001) and 30 to 35 days prior to cause cells susceptible to irreversible damage, what is reﬂected in
parturition (p < 0.01). In Group 1 signiﬁcant decrease of glucose increased lipid peroxidation through damaging of cell membranes, as
concentration was determinated from 5 to 10 days prior to parturition to well as increased level of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzyme in
10 days postpartum (p < 0.05). There was no signiﬁcant decrease in serum extra cellular space. The objective of this study was to examine impact
glucose concentration between examinated time periods in Group 2. The of keton bodies on ROS and RNS production, levels of lipid and
serum glucose concentration in Group 3 was signiﬁcantly lower then in protein damage in different level concentration of keton bodies in
Groups 1 and 2 both 30 to 35 days prior to parturition (p < 0.05) and 10 sample of cows blood. Research was conducted on sample of Holstein
days postpartum. Our results indicate that cows with severe fatty liver Friesian cows (n=15), during few ﬁrst days after calving, and presence
have low glucose levels, probably because of impaired gluconeogenesis. of keton bodies was proven. Control group was made up of cows with
The level of glycemia was not correlated with serum insulin negative test on ketone bodies. Production of ROS was examined
concentrations which indicate that glucose concentration is under through activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT)
complex endocrine control during peripartal period. enzymes in erythrocytes, whereas production of RNS was monitored
Key words: dairy cows, fatty liver, insulin, glucose through the contents of nitrites in blood plasma of the examined
animals with ELISA. The level of lipid peroxydation was monitored
38 Metabolic Syndrome in Cows: TNF-1 and Fat Metabolism in through malondialdehyde (MDA). The effect of free radicals provoked
Heifers with Different Body Condition (BCS) at Parturition by keton bodies on hepatocytes was monitored through determination
of izoenzymes distribution of LDH (LDH1-LDH5) by electroforesis.
M. Fürll, N. Jatzke, K. Bauer, I. Steinhöfel, J. Gottschalk, Research results showed signiﬁcantly increase in SOD activity
U. Sack, A. Einspanier (P<0,001). Activity of CAT enzyme was signiﬁcantly increased and
University of Leipzig, Internal Medicine, Leipzig, Germany was 95,59±17,46 U/g Hb, in control group 63,82±5,44 U/g Hb. The
contents of nitrites in ketotic cows was 7,8±1,2 µM/L, in control group
Objectives: Recent studies in humans and other animals have shown 4,8±0,50 µM/L. Distribution of LDH izoenzymes was LDH1
that fat tissue is not a simple energy storage organ, but releases a lot 37,96±2,59%, LDH2 22,99±2,82%, LDH3 18,93±1,85%, LDH4
of molecules which exerts important endocrine and immune 3,19±0,20%, LDH5 15,78 ±6,28% and in control group: LDH1
functions. Adipocytes secrete numerous bioactive substances, 45±3,01%, LDH2 35±2,62%, LDH3 22±1,56%, LDH4 4,07±0,5% and
including hormones, growth factors and cytokines. Abdominal fat LDH5 1,31±0,7%. The level of (MDA) was 44,96±6,21 nM/gHb, and
accumulation has been shown to play crucial roles in the 10,27±2,14 nM/gHb in control group. The effects of keton bodies
development of the human metabolic syndrome. This study results in increased production of SOD, hydrogen peroxide and RNS,
describes the effect of body condition on metabolic profiles, depending on keton bodies concentration. Joint impact of ROS and

Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders 5

Proceedings of the 25th World Buiatrics Congress, 2008 - Budapest, Hungary
Reprinted in IVIS with the permission of the Congress Organizers Close window to return to IVIS

RNS causes increased lipid peroxidation and accelerated proteolysis
d p.p heal- ret. endo- still- ova- twin mas- Dislo-
what is reﬂected in increased presence of LDH5, as hepatocytes
thy pla- met- birth rian birth titis catio
destruction.
centa ritis cysts abom-
Key words: cow, keton bodies, oxydative stress, ROS, RNS
asi (DA)
70 Effect of BCS Change during the Dry Period on the
TNF-1 -10 35,6 90,7* 50,4 26,8 23,9 33,4 76,4 55,9*
Performance of Dairy Cows
3 37,3 117,5* 47,8 19,9 10,0 19,8 50,5 10
FFA -10 80 115 180* 150* 115 310 210* 85
T. Van Werven, D. Speksnijder, J. Papen, M. Nielen
3 570 870* 872* 790* 875* 875* 620 1270*
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Farm Animal
Hp -10 0.20 0.09 0.33* 0.09 0.11 0.40* 0,08 0,28
Health, Utrecht, Netherlands
3 0.74 1.51* 1.52* 1.45* 1.22* 1.86* 1,01 1,04
This abstract shows the preliminary results of an on going blind trial
on the effect of orally supplemented vitamin E during the dry period The TNF-1 concentrations correlate a.p. with the back fat thickness
on the performance of dairy cows. Most studies are interested in (p>0.05); they are at their highest (p<0.05) in cows with ret. placenta,
either calving BCS or amount of BCS loss postpartum. This study followed by cows with mastitis and DA (p<0.05). The FFA
evaluates the effect of BCS change (loss or gain) during the dry concentrations are also especially increased (p<0.05) in cows with
period on the postpartum performance of the cow. Five dairy farms mastitis and DA. Increases in Hp concentrations have started to rise at
were selected to participate in a blind field trial to investigate the approx. 10 d a.p. and vanished again 4 weeks p.p. Hp concentrations
effect of orally supplemented vit E. From each farm approximately 60 also differ in their behaviour from TNF-1 concentration; they do not
dry cows are enrolled into the study 6-8 weeks prior to calving date. correlate with each other. However, Hp correlates with FFA r = 0.84,
Dry cows are divided in two groups (A and B), one group is fed 135 i.e. FFA and Hp have the same dynamics.
IU and the other group 3000 IU of vit E during the dry period. Body Conclusion: TNFa concentrations are increased a.p. and p.p. in sick
condition score is measured at a 5-point scale once a week during the cows; they correlate positively with the BFT. In cows with ret.
dry period, at calving and at the first milk test-day. Milk test-day placenta, mastitis and abomasal displacement, the TNF-1 correlates
records are collected for fat, protein and SCC. Data on retained positively a.p. with the FFA. Hp concentrations are risen in calving
placenta are collected and defined as failure to expulse the placenta and puerperal disorders. The study supports the hypotheses that
within 12 hours pp. Change of body condition score during the dry during early lactation, adipositas influences the diseases via
period is calculated by regression analysis which provides cows with cytokines.
an increasing or decreasing BCS during the dry period. Cows with an Key words: cattle, metabolic syndrome, cytokines. TNF-1, pp diseases
unchanged BCS during the dry period are included in the group of
cows with increased BCS. Until so far milk test-day records of 94 72 Prevalence of Subclinical Metabolic Disease in Transition
cows are presented. At the beginning of next March all cows will be Dairy Cows on Large Dairies in Peru
included. From these preliminary results some interesting trends are
demonstrated. There seems to be a difference between the two J. Bryk-Lucy1, D. Nydam1, A. Delgado Castro2,
3 2
vitamin E groups (blind). Cows in group A show more often an A. Gonzales Zariquiey , M. Montenegro Vega
1
significant increase of BCS during the dry period than cows in groups Cornell University, Population Medicine, Ithaca, United States
2
B, corrected for herd effects. Cows with average BCS<3 during the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Facultad De Medicina
dry period showed an higher risk on retained placenta than cows with Veterinaria, Lima, Peru
3
BSC>3, corrected for increasing or decreasing slope during the dry Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Dean of Veterinary
period. Preliminary trends indicate that cows with a BCS loss during College, Lima, Peru
the dry period are less at risk for a fat/protein ratio > 1.4 than cows
that gained BCS, corrected for days in milk. These results indicate Blood concentrations of non-esteriﬁed fatty acids (NEFA) and beta-
that cows with BCS loss in the dry period might have a more efficient hydroxybutyrate (BHB) and pH of rumen ﬂuid can be monitored to
energy metabolism after parturition and therefore be less at risk for indicate cows or herds at risk for excessive metabolic disease and
metabolic diseases like ketosis after parturition. Those cows might related economic losses. Very little information is available about the
experience fewer metabolic changes during the transition from late risk of metabolic disease in the transition cows near Lima, Peru. The
gestation to early lactation. The possible effect of vit E on BCS needs objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of excessive
further research. negative energy balance (NEB), subclinical ketosis (SCK), and
Key words: body condition score, dry period, dairy cows, vitamin E subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) in transition cows in dairy herds
located within a 160 km radius of this rapidly growing dairy center.
71 Metabolic Syndrome in Cows: TNF-1 Concentrations before Blood from 128 Holstein cows from 16 herds 2-16 days prepartum and
and after Parturition in Healthy and Ill Cows 166 Holstein cows from 19 herds 3-21 days postpartum was tested for
NEFA and BHB concentrations, respectively. NEFA and BHB
1 2 2
B. Fürll , G. Hädriich , M. Fuerll concentrations were analyzed using the DVM NEFA Meter and Abbott
1
University of Leipzig, Department of Veterinary Physiology, Leipzig, Precision Xtra Ketone Meter, respectively. The average herd size was
Germany 350 milking cows. Rumen pH was tested in 47 Holstein cows from 9
2
University of Leipzig, Department of Internal Medicine, Leipzig, herds using rumenocentesis. A herd-level prevalence of >15% elevated
Germany metabolic indicators was considered an alarm level for signiﬁcant
risk of clinical metabolic disease and economic loss. Herd-level
Objectives: Today, cattle health is especially disturbed because of a incidence of displaced abomasum, retained placenta, and low milk
strained metabolism. Cytokines of the visceral fat depot, TNF-1 for production over the past 30 days was also recorded. Of the sampled
example, can affect the metabolism negatively. Therefore we herds, 87.5% had a > 15% prevalence of NEFA levels greater than the
investigated cows with the aims: a) Are there any differences cut-off point of > 0.4 mmol/L, and the prevalence of herds with >15%
between the TNF-1 concentrations in healthy and ill cows around subclinical ketosis (cut-off of 1.4 mmol/L) was 52.6%. The within herd
parturition? b) Can those differences be noted before parturition prevalence of NEB and SCK ranged from 14% to 80% and 8% to 44%,
already? c) Are there any TNF-1 changes specific for certain respectively. The prevalence of SARA (rumen pH <5.5) was 0% in all
diseases? herds sampled. Only two herds of all herds sampled reported an
Material and methods: 20 healthy cows as well 103 cows with incident of displaced abomasum. At least one cow was considered low
various diseases (table) were examined 10 days before parturition (d producing in 64% of herds with >15% elevated NEFA and in 75% of
a.p.) and 3 d after parturition (p.p.). Blood samples were analysed herds with >15% elevated BHB. At least one retained placenta was
byHitachi 912, TNF-1 by an ELISA. reported in 85% of herds with >15% elevated NEFA and in 100% of
Results: The TNF-1 concentrations a.p. and p.p. of healthy (medians herds with >15% elevated BHB. Further modelling of the data will be
36:37 ng/ml) and ill (140:55 ng/ml) cows differed signiﬁcantly. Table: discussed at the meeting. The results suggest that subclinical metabolic
TNF-1 (ng/ml), FFA (mmol/l) and haptoglobin (Hp, g/l) concentrations disease in transition cows is present in dairy herds surrounding Lima,
(medians) in healthy cows and cows with different diseases p.p. Peru at levels that may negatively impact milk production,
(*p=0.05) reproductive performance, and proﬁtability. There is opportunity to

6 XXV. Jubilee World Buiatrics Congress 2008

Proceedings of the 25th World Buiatrics Congress, 2008 - Budapest, Hungary
Reprinted in IVIS with the permission of the Congress Organizers Close window to return to IVIS

improve management practices to minimize subclinical disease in transcutaneous and intra-operative images enabled the correction for
transition cows and maximize proﬁtability. the attenuation effect of skin and subcutaneous fat/muscle layer on the
Key words: metabolic disease, transition cows, subclinical ketosis, mean echo level in the liver. The effects of the beam formation and
negative energy balance, Lima Peru attenuation of liver tissue on the echo level vs. depth were taken into
account by estimating the mean echo level vs. depth curve of healthy
73 Evaluation of three Laboratory Methods Measuring NEFA in livers. The residual attenuation coefﬁcient (dB/cm) in fatty liver vs.
Cow’s Blood normal liver was estimated and compensated for. In the control group
(normal liver (n=10)) skin plus fat/muscle layer attenuation was 4.8
T. Gaal, P. Ribiczey dB/cm. In transcutaneous images (n = 151), the mean liver tissue echo
Szent István University Faculty of Veterinary Science, Department of level correlated with the triglyceride content: r = 0.56, correlation of the
Internal Medicine, Budapest, Hungary residual attenuation coefﬁcient with triglyceride content was r = 0.80.
Intra-operatively, the correlation between mean liver tissue echo level
Non esteriﬁed fatty acids (NEFA) in the blood are good markers of and triglyceride content was r = 0.72, correlation of residual attenuation
negative energy balance (NEB) in dairy cows. There are several coefﬁcient and triglyceride content: r = 0.82. The obtained results show
laboratory methods to assess NEFA concentration. One method is clearly that accumulating fat leads to enhanced ultrasound attenuation
based on a colorimetric, non-enzymatic technique at room temperature in bovine liver. The developed calibrated method offers an accurate
(Duncombe, 1964), the other one applies colorimetric, enzymatic alternative for the invasive assessment of liver fat content. The authors
determination at 37 °C (Matsubara et al., 1983). Recently a portable show in this study the feasibility of computer aided ultrasound for non-
®
photometer appeared on the market (DVM-NEFA ) using a invasive diagnosis of hepatic steatosis of the liver.
colorimetric technique for NEFA measurement at room temperature. Key words: fatty liver, ultrasonography, CAUS, liver biopsy
As laboratory methods need a well-equipped laboratory with skilled
personnel, introduction of a cow-side test is more than welcome. 75 The Effect of Body Condition Score at Calving and
However, widely used NEFA reference values were established by the Supplementation with Yeast on Feed intake, Blood Metabolites
laboratory methods, therefore critical evaluation of DVM-NEFA is and Days to First Ovulation in Peri-parturient Dairy Cows
recommended. The goal of this study was to compare NEFA results
determined with 3 methods. On a herd of 900 HF dairy cows blood R. Alibrahim, P. Duffy, L. O’Grady, M. Beltman, A. Kelly,
samples were collected from dry cows (n=17) and fresh cows (n= 14). V. Gath, M. Doherty, F. Mulligan
Blood serum NEFA was measured immediately by 3 methods. For the University College Dublin, School of Agriculture, Food Science and
non-enzymatic method commercial chemicals were used while for the Veterinary Medicine, Dublin, Ireland
enzymatic method a Randox NEFA test kit was applied on an
automatic chemistry analyzer. Results were analyzed by t-test and The aim of this study was to determine the effect of body condition
regression analysis. Pre-partum NEFA values determined by DVM- score (BCS) at calving and supplementation with a live yeast culture
1026
NEFA, non-enzymatic and enzymatic methods were 0.258+0.200, (Yea-Sacc , Saccharomyces cerevisiae, CBS 493.94) beginning two
0.105+0.090 and 0.093+0.088 mmol/L, respectively. Post-partum weeks pre-calving on feed intake, indicators of negative energy balance
these were 0.706+0.327, 0.300+0.146 and 0.293+0.179 mmol/L. Pre- and days to ﬁrst ovulation in early lactation dairy cows. Forty
partum NEFA was lower than post-partum with all methods (P<0.01). Holstein/Friesian cows of mixed parity were randomly allocated to two
Both pre- and post-partum signiﬁcant differences were found between groups depending on BCS approximately 60 days prior to parturition.
the results of DVM-NEFA and the two laboratory methods (P<0.05): Both groups were fed grass silage ad-libitum for the entire 60 days pre-
DVM-NEFA results were more than 2 times higher than those calving and half of each group were supplemented with a dairy
completed by 2 laboratory tests. Good correlation was found both pre- concentrate containing 2.5g of thermo-stable yeast supplement or a
and post-partum between DVM-NEFA and laboratory results control concentrate for the last 14 days pre-calving and during the ﬁrst
(correlation coefﬁcients: 0.86-0.93). 70 days of lactation. Feed intake was monitored individually in early
As substantial differences were found between the results, establishing lactation. Blood samples were collected via jugular venipuncture on the
reference values for DVM-NEFA is recommended. The widely day of calving and at days 5, 15, 25 and 35 post-calving and analysed
accepted 0.400 mmol/L NEFA as upper reference value in dairy cows for glucose (GLS) non-esteriﬁed fatty acids (NEFA) and beta-hydroxy-
was determined several years ago by laboratory tests and most butyrate (BHB). Dairy cows in the high BCS group had a lower
probably could not be used on DVM-NEFA. Applying the 0.400 (P<0.06) feed intake than cows in the low BCS group in weeks 1 and 2
mmol/L NEFA as upper reference limit, all post-partum cows should of lactation. However, there was no effect of BCS group on the average
have been qualiﬁed as a severe case of NEB based on the 0.706 +0.327 feed intake over the ﬁrst 70 days of lactation. High BCS group cows
mmol/L NEFA value achieved on the DVM-NEFA instrument. tended to have higher NEFA concentrations (P=0.08) on the day of
Key words: NEFA, NEB, DVM-NEFA, enzymatic method calving and higher BHB concentrations (P=0.09) at 5 days post-calving
when compared with the low BCS group. Low BCS group cows had
74 Non Invasive Detection of Hepatic Steatosis in Dairy Cows higher (P<0.01) GLS concentrations at day 25 post-calving and at day
with Calibrated Ultrasonographic Image Analysis 35 post-calving (P=0.06). High BCS group cows had higher BHB
concentrations at day 25 (P=0.07) and 35 (P<0.01) post-calving and
1 2 2 1
A. Starke , J. Thijssen , G. Weijers , A. Haudum , had higher NEFA concentrations at day 25 (P<0.01). Cows
1 3 2 1
K. Herzog , P. Wohlsein , C. De Korte , J. Rehage supplemented with S. cerevisiae tended to have lower NEFA
1
University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Clinic for concentrations at day 25 post-calving (P<0.10). There was no effect of
Cattle, Hannover, Germany BCS group on days to ﬁrst ovulation (31.5 vs 29.0 days), size of the
2
Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Clinic for Cattle, ﬁrst dominant follicle (17.9mm vs. 17.5mm) or the size of the ﬁrst
Nijmegen, Netherlands ovulatory follicle (18.6 vs. 18.1mm). Cows fed S. cerevisiae ovulated
3
University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 7.5 days earlier (34.0 vs. 26.5 days) than control cows. However this
Department of Pathology, Hannover, Germany difference was not signiﬁcant. Low BCS group cows had higher feed
intake and improved indices of energy balance in early lactation
In dairy cows, rising liver fat content increases the risk of other without affecting days to ﬁrst ovulation. Further investigation with
peripartal disorders. Until now, liver biopsies have to be obtained greater animal numbers is appropriate for the effect of yeast
invasively for a precise quantiﬁcation of the hepatic fat content. The supplements on days to ﬁrst ovulation post-partum in dairy cows.
objective of this study was to investigate the diagnostic value of
ultrasonographic image analysis for a non invasive detection of hepatic 122 Effects of Various Dietary Fat Supplementations on Liver and
steatosis in cattle. 151 German HF dairy cows with left sided abomasal Blood Parameters in Energy Deﬁcient Transition Cows
displacement were included in the study. Abomasal displacement was
1 2 2 1
surgically corrected during laparotomy. Ultrasonographic images R. Karcagi , T. Gaal , P. Ribiczey-Szabo , R. Jolankai ,
1
(ﬁxed equipment settings) were obtained transcutaneously and intra- F. Husveth
1
operatively. During surgery, a liver biopsy was taken (liver triglyceride Georgikon Faculty of Agriculture, University of Pannonia, Department
content (gold standard); patho-histological examination). A custom of Animal Science, Keszthely, Hungary
2
designed software package for computer-aided ultrasound diagnosis Faculty of Veterinary Science, Szent István University, Department
(CAUS) was developed. The quantitative comparison of of Internal Medicine, Budapest, Hungary

Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders 7

Proceedings of the 25th World Buiatrics Congress, 2008 - Budapest, Hungary
Reprinted in IVIS with the permission of the Congress Organizers Close window to return to IVIS

An experiment was conducted to study the influence of calcium However, it took about 50 years before this knowledge was
soaps (CAS) or triglyceride (HTG) of hydrogenated palm oil on liver successfully turned into a method to process and preserves the grain
and blood parameters indicating the energy status and lipid when still moist. Traditionally, grain is not harvested until it is dry
metabolism of cows in the peripartum period. Holstein-Friesian enough to be ground by a hammer mill. In crimping, the grain is
dairy cows were fed on a corn-silage based diet supplemented with combined moist and run through the crimper machine, which will break
11.75 MJ NEL per day of CAS or HTG or without fat and ﬂatten the grains. Crimped grain is stored in storage silos or plastic
supplementation (control) in a period from d 21+3 prior to the bags as silage. After this the question should brought up in everybody
expected calving to d 100+5 postpartum. At d 21+2 (basal sample) despite the early recognition why received signiﬁcance of preservation
and d 15+2 prepartum and d 5+2, 25+3 postpartum liver biopsy and of barley (and other grains) bigger attention just in a past decade. The
blood samples and at d 100+5 postpartum an additional blood based and the ﬁrst reason should be, rises of energy prices, and as a
sample were collected from the cows. Total lipid (TL), glycogen result of this, the high costs of drying and the traditional feed
(GL) content, fatty acid composition of liver lipids and glucose preparation. Further reasons why this technologies getting more
(GLU), insulin (INS), free fatty acid (NEFA), beta hydroxy butirate popular in worldwide, that the earlier harvesting, and over the reduce
(BHBA), triglyceride (TG), cholesterol (Ch), aspartat-amino- in-ﬁeld losses, the less weather depended. Practical experiments by
transferase (AST) contents from the blood were determined. No farming and livestock research institutions in Finland, Sweden, UK and
differences were detected in the liver fat among the groups at d 14 Hungary and elsewhere have conﬁrmed, that crimped feed has higher
prepartum or d 25 postpartum. At d 5 postpartum, however, both nutritional values, it increases the animals’ growth and milk
control and CAS-cows had higher TL and lower GL concentrations production, improves milk quality and the animals’ health, and in
in the liver than HTG-cows (P<0.05). The variations in the liver lipid addition, helps cut costs. For the good fermentation, in order to ensure
concentrations were accompanied by significant changes in the the protection of nutrients and for the aerobe stability of the feed it is
proportion of C16:0, C16:1n-7, C18:0, C18:1n-9, C18:2n-6 and advantageous to use organic acid additives, as preservatives. Finnish
C20:4n-6 fatty acids in the liver lipids. Considering blood examinations (Jaakkola, et al., 2003 MTT Agrifood) showed that in
constituents HTG-cows had higher GLU and INS concentrations case of organic acid treated barley, the pH decrease in shorter time for
than cows in the control group. HTG resulted in a higher level of value is necessary to the lactic fermentation and will standing on this
GLU than CAS all duration of the experiment. HTG-cows had lower level longer time than the untreated barley. Furthermore observable,
NEFA concentrations than cows in the control group, however, that in the case of the treated barley the Ammonia- N content smaller.
compared to the CAS-group, NEFA in the HTG group showed In studies of Crimped pea-oats we, can see, the aerobic stability of the
significantly lower values only at d 15 prepartum and d 100 organic acid treated grain are better, as the stability of the untreated
postpartum. During the whole experiment HTG-cows expressed the grain or in case of treating with biological.
lowest BHBA concentration comparing to the other two groups. No Key words: crimping, barley, preservation, fermentation
significant differences were detected in TG and CHOL in the blood
among the groups at either sampling times. HTG-group had 125 Crimping of Maize with High Moisture – Feed Hygienic and
significantly lower AST values than control at all sampling times, Economic Aspects
while compared to the control group CAS-cows showed
1 2 3 4
significantly lower AST only at d 100. It is concluded from our results J. Karnóth , H. Miettinen , G. Kovács , I. Palkó ,
5 6 7
that fat supplementations can decrease deﬁciencies of lipid metabolism L. Wágner , J. Péter Szûcs , E. Brydl
1
resulted from energy deﬁciency in lactating cows around calving. NOACK Hungary Ltd, R&D, Budapest, Hungary
2
However, HTG had somewhat higher beneﬁcial effect on the KEMIRA OYJ, R&D, Helsinki, Finland
3
metabolism than CAS. Pannon University Faculty of Georgikon Agricultural Science,
Department of animal nutrition, Keszthely, Hungary
4
123 Peripartum Heifer Response to Source of Starch in Taurina-Kanizsa Ltd, R&D, Kaposvár, Hungary
5
Prepartum diet. I. Milk Production and Ruminal Parameters Pannon University Faculty of Agricultural Science, Department of
Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Mosonmagyaróvár, Hungary
1 1 2 1 6
H. Mirzaei Alamouti , K. Yazdi , H. Amanlo , A. Tohidi University of Szeged Faculty of Agriculture, Institute for Animal
1
University of Tehran, Department of Animal Science, Karaj, Iran Nutrition Science &Technology, Szeged, Hungary
2 7
University of Zanjan, Department of Animal Science, Zanjan, Iran Szent István University Faculty of Veterinary Science, Department
of Animal Hygiene, Herd Health and Veterinary Ethology,
To determine if source of starch in close-up diets improves lactation Budapest, Hungary
performance and ruminal parameters , Holstein heifers (n=40) were fed
two different source of ruminally fermentable starch 1) 18.6% ground It is essential these days to use silage technologies, which on one hand
corn, or 2) 18.6% rolled wheat from d -21 relative to expected meet the strict regulations about quality assurance, animal hygiene and
parturition until parturition. After parturition, all animals received the environment protection, and on the other hand provide high quality
same diet. The heifers were group-fed from d -21 to -7 relative to forage at lower costs. The aim of the study was to adopt and develop
expected parturition and fed individually from d -7 until 7 d in milk and forward a system of processing and storage of grain crops, which is not
group-fed after 7 d until d 28. Heifers were required to have at least 5 d depend on the low moisture content of the crops, so it makes a more
of prepartum dry matter intake (DMI) data to remain in the study. The ﬂexible harvest possible and it can contribute to animal farming more
prepartum diets were 1.56 Mcal of NEl/Kg and 15% CP. These diets successful competitiveness. This preservation method has been used in
were fed ad libitum. Close-up diet affected DMI, NEl intake, energy Finland and other Scandinavian countries successfully for many years.
balance and urea pH in prepartum. The DMI changes, body condition This technology includes the processing of the grain crops with
score (BCS) and milk yield were similar between treatments, but wheat crimping and the direct addition of a fermentative-preservative organic
diet improved milk yield and components. There was no carry over acids that depends on the ripeness of the grains (they could have even
effect of close-up diet on DMI, NEl intake and BCS in postpartum. 30% of moisture content) and on the storing technology. It can be seen
Wheat diet has higher milk protein and lower milk urea nitrogen than from our studies that this technology ensures fermentation in the right
corn diet. Prepartum diets did not affect ruminal fermentation direction. According to our microbiological analyses, the number of
characteristics. In summary, wheat grain as a rapidly fermentable moulds in after opening was between 100 and 1000. We made
source of starch did not compromise periparturient health and comparative analyses on the mycotoxins F-2, T-2 and DON with the
performance of Holstein heifers. hypothesis that the moulds did not start producing toxins in the maize
harvested early, while toxin production may have started in the maize
124 Crimping of Barley Grain with High Moisture - Scandinavian harvested traditionally in October. The DON contamination of the
Studies samples at the time of the treatment (end of August) and the time of
feeding (October) was below trace level, while 7 out of ten samples of
H. Miettinen the maize harvested traditionally in October had a higher level of DON.
KEMIRA OYJ, R&D, Helsinki, Finland The results of mould and mycotoxin tests show that the treatment with
organic acids kills the fungi and bacteria present at harvest and prevent
Crimping was developed in Finland in the end of 1960s. In 1918 British their multiplication. It can be seen from our aerobic stability tests, that
researchers had established that grain attains its peak nutritional value the untreated control silages were considerably less stable than the
when the moisture content of the grain is between 35% and 45%. treated silages. We analysed two varieties, there lasted their stability

8 XXV. Jubilee World Buiatrics Congress 2008

Proceedings of the 25th World Buiatrics Congress, 2008 - Budapest, Hungary
Reprinted in IVIS with the permission of the Congress Organizers Close window to return to IVIS

only for less than 3 days. All treated wet corn samples (both varieties) experimental cows crimped corn. The total concentration of volatile fatty
protected their stability for 7 days. The fermentation dynamic, aerobic acids in rumen ﬂuid of the experimental cows was superior to the
stability, mould and mycotoxin examinations have proven that from controls by 12.1% on average. The acetate ratio of the experimental
feed hygienic point of view this technology is more advantageous cows was superior to the controls by 13.4% on average (p<0.001). The
comparing to the traditional technologies. Taking into consideration glucose concentration in the blood samples was higher in the
the technology and the feeding requirements this technology can be experimental cows than in the controls by 5.7% on average. The aceto-
fully inserted to the cattle feeding system. acetic acid concentration in blood samples of the experimental cows was
Key words: corn, crimping, preservation, fermentation, mycotoxin inferior to the controls by 46.8% on average (p<0.05). The NEFA
concentration of blood samples in the experimental cows was inferior to
160 Necessity of the New Biotechnological Methods for Avoiding the controls by 22.4% on average. The occurrence rate of
Subacute Ruminal Acidosis hyperketonaemia and subclinical fat mobilization syndrome was less in
the experimental cows by 16% and 5%, respectively. The BCS loss was
S. Latos less in the experimental cows than in the controls by 0.4 score. The time
Dr. BATA Biotechnological Co, Reserch & Development, Ócsa, for calving to ﬁrst heat, to ﬁrst AI and to conception was shorter in the
Hungary experimental cows by 1.6, 6.6 and 4.4 days, respectively. The daily milk
yield of the experimental cows exceeded the control’s milk production
There are several strategies for feeding dairy cows, but all of them based by 4.33 kg on average (p<0.001). Conclusions can be drawn as
on the roughages, rich in ﬁber. The ingredients added to the ration following: more favourable rumen fermentation, more balanced energy
(energy-, and protein carriers, vitamins, minerals) can be used for ﬁlling and protein metabolism, better health status, higher daily milk yield,
the gap between the value of the basic forages and the requirements of the higher milk protein concentration, better reproductive performance can
cow. To fulﬁll the energy demand of the early lactation, we have to be achieved by feeding of crimped corn instead of dry one.
increase the energy and decrease the ﬁber content of the ration. The most Key words: crimped corn, dairy cow, rumen fermentation, health, milk
used energy sources are the treated cereals. The treatments are increasing production
the digestibility or the rumen metabolisation rate of the non-structural
carbohydrates in the cereals.The high yielding status can only be 162 Effect of Fresh Alfalfa Feeding on Blood Ammonia in Dairy
maintained for short time periods but the larger problem is, that these Cows
rations are harmful for the health status of the cow. In these cases evolves
the subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA). It can be deﬁned as a temporary T. Gaal1, P. Ribiczey1, R. Karcagi2, F. Husveth2
1
rumen state, with moderate pH decrease (pH 5,5-5,0) in the rumen for Szent István University Faculty of Veterinary Science, Department of
several hours. Cows suffering in SARA are showing the symptoms such Internal Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
2
as decrease in dry matter intake and in yield, lower milk fat, diarrhea, body Georgikon Faculty of Agriculture, University of Pannonia,
condition loss. Not only a ration with high level of NSC can cause SARA, Department of Animal Science, Budapest, Hungary
management faults (feeding techniques, sludge feeding, selection) can
support the development of the problem. Even the environment (heat Blood ammonia concentration in ruminants is <60 µmol/L, which
stress) can play a role to SARA.The fermented cereals (wet corn) taking increases following high nitrogen intake. To prevent ammonia toxicosis
more place in the last years can also higher the risk of SARA. They supplementation of the ration with fresh legumes or urea is not used in
contain high amount of lactic acid and living Lactobacilli. In the acidotic dairy cows. The minimum toxic concentration of ammonia causing
rumen (anaerobic environment, pH>5,5) they can activate and start to clinical signs is not well deﬁned. The aim of this study was to evaluate
produce even more lactic acid which can lead to an acute ruminal blood ammonia level in dairy cows having been fed a daily ration of 2-5
acidosis.In practical farm circumstances, with high NSC and critical NDF kg fresh-cut alfalfa. On a herd of 250 Holstein-Friesian dairy cows the
level rations it is almost impossible to avoid the SARA. This shows the animals were fed on a corn silage based diet. Close-up cows were
subservience of using biotechnological products and methods which can supplemented with grass hay and corn grain while cows after calving
help to avoid or minimize these damaging processes due to their received corn grain, alfalfa silage and alfalfa hay. To increase the protein
biological activity. intake the farmer decided to add 5-7 kg/day/cow freshly-cut alfalfa to the
A typical example the world-wide used live yeast (Saccharomyces diet of cows from the 8th week after calving. Blood metabolic proﬁle was
cerevisiae), which can directly affect the fermentation, unlike the so called made before introducing this bad practice (pre-alfalfa results) at the herd
yeast-metabolites. It is able to consume the oxygen in the rumen, and and it was repeated after 10 days of alfalfa supplementation in 19 high-
reacts with the lactic acid utilizing microorganisms. This helps to stabilize producing cows (post-alfalfa results). Blood ammonia was measured by
the pH, consequently minimizes the risk of SARA, resulting not only a Blood Ammonia Checker (BAC) instrument while other blood
higher production but furthermore a better health status and fertility rate. parameters were analyzed by commercial test kits on an automatic
Key words: rumen acidosis, biotechnology, prevention chemistry analyzer. Adding fresh-cut alfalfa had no clinical consequences
and did not inﬂuence the milk production. Pre-alfalfa blood ammonia
161 Comparison of the Effect of Feeding of Crimped versus Dry level was 40 +13 µmol/L. Post-alfalfa ammonia was immeasurable on
Corn Grain in High Producing Dairy Cows BAC in 5 of 19 cows (BAC has an upper cut-off point of 236 µmol (400
µg) /dL ammonia. Mean post-alfalfa ammonia (including these 5 cows’
1 1 1 1 1
E. Brydl , A. Tirián , L. Könyves , V. Jurkovich , L. Tegzes , result as 236 µmol/L) showed a 5-fold increase (201 ±19 µmol/L,
1 2 2 3 4
R. Farkas , L. Horváth , M. Török , J. Karnóth , H. Miettinen p<0.001). As we supposed an analytical error, 5-5 blood samples of dry
1
Szent István University Faculty of Veterinary Science, Department and fresh cows not fed with alfalfa were evaluated by BAC. Ammonia
of Animal Hygiene, Herd Health and Veterinary Ethology, concentrations in these samples were lower than 50 µmol/L.Pre-alfalfa
Budapest, Hungary plasma urea concentration (BUN) was 5.4±2.3 mmol/L, while post-alfalfa
2
Gorzsa Agricultural Co, Dairy Farm, Hódmez_vásárhely, Hungary BUN nearly doubled (10.4±3.0 µmol/L, p<0.001). Other metabolic
3
NOACK Hungary Ltd, R&D, Budapest, Hungary parameters did not show signiﬁcant changes.
4
KEMIRA OYJ, R&D, Helsinki, Finland The post-alfalfa blood ammonia concentration was extremely high
compared to the 60 µmol/L upper reference limit and was reﬂected in
The aim of the study was to measure the effect of feeding of crimped corn elevated BUN. Previously we found such a high ammonia level in
grain with high moisture (DM 70%) vs. dry one on the rumen ammonia toxicosis. In this case, however, neither the behaviour nor the
fermentation, energy, protein and acid-base metabolism, health status, milk production of cows had any signiﬁcant changes. Probably the upper
reproductive performance, daily milk production and milk composition reference limit of blood ammonia in healthy cows ought to be re-
of high producing dairy cows. Kemisile 2S was used as preservative at evaluated.
crimping with 4.2 kg/t. The experiment was carried out at a dairy farm Key words: blood ammonia, urea, alfalfa-feeding, reference value
with 1000 head of Holstein Friesian cows. Two hundred in calf second
and third parity Holstein Friesian cows were selected randomly to 163 A New Bale-forming Technology: Higher Density and
control and experimental groups, 3 weeks prior to expected parturition. Fermentation Quality in Alfalfa Silage for Ruminants
Rumen ﬂuid, blood and urine samples were taken for laboratory
examinations once a week in the ﬁrst month and once a month onwards Sz. Orosz1, Z. Bellus2, S. Kapás1
1
the experiment for four times. The corn silage based diet was identical for Szent István University Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental
both groups except for the control animals received dry and the Sciences, Department of Animal Nutrition, Gödöllô, Hungary

Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders 9

Proceedings of the 25th World Buiatrics Congress, 2008 - Budapest, Hungary
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2
Hungarian Institute of Agricultural Engineering, R&D, Gödöllô, Materials and methods: 105 clinically healthy Holstein Frisean cows
Hungary were assigned randomly at 21-14 days before expected calving. Blood and
urine samples were taken for metabolic proﬁle test on <-14 prepartum, +
of study: The authors investigated a new bale-forming system: dry 4, 10-14, 28-35, 56-63 and 84-91st day pp. Blood acetoacetic acid, blood
matter limitation of the new technology and effect of short (29% plasma non esteriﬁed fatty acid (NEFA) and glucose concentration,
DM: 4 hour) and long term wilting (52% DM: 12 hour) on bale aspartate-amino-transferase enzyme activity, urine pH and net acid base
parameters and fermentation profile in new-type alfalfa bales. excretion (NABE) concentration and urine ketone concentration were
Materials and methods: Alfalfa was mowed with theoretical chop determined. Parallel with metabolic tests from the 4th day postpartum the
size of 20-30 mm. Baling was carried out by a Göweil LT Master metritis was monitored by clinical examinations. From the 28-35th days
variable chamber baler-wrapper machine. Pressurization: 150 bar. the ovarian cycle was examined by ultrasound. The indices of calving,
-1
Output: 18-20 bales hour for alfalfa. Film for wrapping was applied clinical examinations, sex and vitality of calves, data of milk production
with thickness of 25 µm in 7 layers, respectively. The pH, lactic and and reproduction were recorded.
th th th
volatile fatty acid composition were analysed on the 13 , 30 and 70 Results: In the <-14 days prepartum the plasma NEFA concentration
day of fermentation according to the Hungarian National Standards shown a positive (OR 102.1; P<0.05), and the urine NABE concentration
(Hungarian Feed Codex, 2004). shown a negative (OR 0.99; P<0.05) correlation with PR. There was a
Results: Extremely high density was carried out with the new negative correlation between NEFA and NABE in the same period
-3
technology: 213-278 DM kg m due to high pressurization (150 bar) (Person‘ corr: -0.24; P<0.05). The level of 2+ prepartum ketonuria
and small particle size (20-30 mm) compared to conventional bales increased the risk of PR (OR: Inf.; P<0.05). There was not relationship
-3
(90-200 DM kg m ) (Table 1). Better homogeneity of the new-type between the parity, sex and vitality of calves, manual assistance for
bales compared to the conventional bales, owing to chopped and calving and PR. The PR increased the risk of pueperal metritis (OR: 27.3;
mixed forage, was confirmed by the low variation in wet bale weight P<0,0001). The subsequent metabolic status, milk production and
(var. coeff. 1.4%). High density results extremely good anaerobe reproductive performance were not affected signiﬁcantly by PR.
circumstances for fermentation (Table 2). It was found higher pH, Conclusions: The plasma NEFA and urine NABE concentrations
lactic acid content and lower acetic acid content in bales with 52% and the >2+ urinary ketone positivity measured in <-14 days
DM-content. prepartum indicates the higher risk of placenta retention in dairy
cows. The placenta retention indicates the relevant risk of the
Table 1. Bale characteristics in alfalfa baled with the new baler system puerperal metritis.
(n=15) Key words: risk factors, retained placenta, energy balance, acid-base
metabolism, dairy cow, reproduction, milk production
29% DM 52 % DM
165 The Effect of Micro-capsulated Yeast Supplementation on
Bale wet weight (kg) 904±25,1a 657±13,0b Rumen Fermentation in Sheep Fed with High-energy Diet
Bale dry weight (kg DM) 262±7,3a 342±6,6b 1 2 3 1
Wet density (kg m-3) 734±10,3a 534±7,9b V. Jurkovich , J. Kutasi , H. Fébel , L. Könyves ,
1 1
Dry density (kg m-3) 213±3,0a 278±4,1b A. Tirián , E. Brydl
1
Szent István University Faculty of Veterinary Science, Budapest,
Table 2. Fermentation characteristics in alfalfa baled with the new Hungary
2
baler system (n=5) Dr. Bata Ltd, Ócsa, Hungary
3
Research Institution of Animal Breeding and Nutrition,
Herceghalom, Hungary
Day of Treat- pH Total Lactic Acetic Butyric
fermen- ment acid acid acid acid The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of trehalose
g kg-1 g kg-1 g kg-1 g kg-1 producing yeast supplementation on the rumen fermentation of sheep
fed with a diet rich in wheat and barley. Trehalose producing yeast
13th day 29% DM 4,84a 28,9a 21,3a 7,6a 0,0a strains are supposedly more viable in the rumen than trehalose non-
52 % DM 4,87a 30,0a 24,4a 5,5b 0,0a producing strains. A self controlled study was carried out using 3,
30th day 29% DM 4,60a 34,8a 26,9a 7,8a 0,0a rumen canullated merino wethers. In the ﬁrst experimental phase (A)
52 % DM 4,79b 37,6b 30,8b 6,7a 0,0a the sheep received trehalose producing yeast (Live-Sacc Dairy), in the
70th day 29% DM 4,49a 32,9a 25,2a 7,6a 0,2b second experimental phase (B) the animals received trehalose non-
52 % DM 4,74b 35,1a 28,2v 6,8a 0,1a producing yeast supplementation (Live-Sacc) mixed in the ration. The
third experimental phase (C), without supplementation, served as
Conclusions: It was conﬁrmed that the new baling system is able to control. Rumen ﬂuid samples were taken before and after the morning
form bales in a wide range of dry matter content (290-520 g kg-1 in feeding. Rumen pH, ammonia and VFA concentrations were measured.
alfalfa) with high density and excellent fermentation proﬁle. DM, NDF and starch degradation rates were also determined.
Key words: bale-forming technology, high density, fermentation Statistical analysis has not been carried out at the time of the abstract,
quality, alfalfa silage thus signiﬁcance of the following ﬁndings can not be stated. Rumen pH
decreased in all groups after feeding (as expected) and no considerable
164 Periparturient Risk Assessments for Placenta Retention in difference was found between them. TVFA, acetate, propionate and
Dairy Cows butyrate concentrations increased after feeding, and considerable
difference was found between groups. All VFA concentrations were
1 2 1 1
L. Könyves , O. Szenci , V. Jurkovich , L. Mrs. Tegzes , the highest in Phase A. Ammonia concentrations remained unchanged
1 3 4 1
A. Tirián , N. Solymosi , Gy. Gyulay , E. Brydl in all phases. Degradability of dry matter showed no signiﬁcant
1
Szent István University Faculty of Veterinary Science, Department difference between Phase A and C, but it was considerably lower in
of Animal Hygiene, Herd Health and Veterinary Ethology, Phase B. Degradability of NDF and starch was highest in the animals
Budapest, Hungary treated with Live-Sacc Dairy. The preliminary results demonstrated
2
Szent István University Faculty of Veterinary Science, Clinic for that trehalose producing yeast strain supplementation considerably
Large Animals, Budapest, Hungary modiﬁes rumen fermentation parameters.
3
Szent István University Faculty of Veterinary Science, Department This study was ﬁnancially supported by National Ofﬁce for Research
of Biomathematics, Budapest, Hungary and Technology (grant no.: OMFB-1213/2004)
4
Private practitioner, Martonvásár, Hungary Key words: sheep, yeast, rumen fermentation

The aim of the study: was to measure how the metabolic parameters 232 The Effect of Feeding of Micro Capsulated ViableYeast on
of energy and acid-base metabolism indicate the risk of placenta Rumen Fermentation, Health and Milk Production of Dairy
retention (PR) in dairy cows. The relationship between animal- and Cows
environment related factors and PR, the consequences of PR for
1 1 1 1
subsequent puerperal endometritis (PM), metabolic status, milk E. Brydl , A. Tirián , L. Könyves , V. Jurkovich ,
1 2 2 2 3
production and reproduction were analysed as well. L. Tegzes , L. Horváth , M. Török , Zs. Szabó , J. Kutasi

10 XXV. Jubilee World Buiatrics Congress 2008

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1
Szent István University Faculty of Veterinary Science, Department 234 Measuring Rumen pH and Temperature by an Indwelling
of Animal Hygene, Herd-health and Veterinary Ethology, Budapest, and Wireless Data Transmitting Unit – Application under
Hungary Different Feeding Conditions
2
Gorzsa Agricultural Co, Dairy Farm, Hódmezôvásárhely, Hungary
3 1 2 2 1
Dr. BATA Biotechnological Co, Research & Development, Ócsa, J. Gasteiner , S. Rosenkranz , M. Fallast , T. Guggenberger
1
Hungary Federal Research Institute Raumberg-Gumpenstein, Animal Care
and Animal Health, Irdning, A-8952, Austria
2
The aim of the study was to measure the effect of feeding of micro University of Technology Graz, Sciencepark, Graz, Austria
capsulated viable yeast on the rumen fermentation, health and milk
production of diary cows. The experiment was carried out at a large scale Subacute rumen acidosis is a common and economically important
dairy farm in Hungary between February and August 2007. The milk herd health problem of dairy cattle and there is a crucial need for
production of the cows was nearly 10 000 l yearly. Two hundred in calf monitoring systems.
second and third parity Holstein Friesian cows were selected randomly to An indwelling wireless data transfer system for monitoring rumen ph
control (No Yeast Received, NYR) and experimental (Micro capsulated and temperature was assembled. Readings (user selectable) were taken
Viable Yeast) groups, 3 weeks prior to expected parturition. Rumen ﬂuid, every 30 minutes. Stored data are transmitted using a radio transceiver
blood and urine samples were taken for laboratory examinations once a communicating with the ISM-band frequency 433 MHz. The system is
week in the ﬁrst month and once month onwards the experiment six times. controlled by a microprocessor. Data (pH, temperature) are sampled
The total concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) was normal in both with an A/D converter and stored in an external memory chip. The
groups however in the experimental cows it was higher by 4.4% and the latest class of the indwelling system can be administered orally, but to
rumen ﬂuid pH was more stabile. Lower concentration of NEFA, BHB service the measuring units, experiments were conducted using 5
and urea concentration was found in the experimental cows one month ruminally cannulated steers.
after parturition indicating more balanced energy metabolism and better After calibrating and check for proper operation rumen pH und
health. The average daily milk production was higher by 0.6 l and the days temperature measures were carried out under following feeding
spent for different diseases e.g. mastitis, lameness etc. was less by 33 d in conditions: 1. 100 % roughage for 1 week, measuring last 3 days 2.
the experimental group. The reproductive indices were more favourable in Daily pasture and roughage ad lib. for 3 weeks, measuring last 7 days
the experimental animals than in the controls. This work was supported by 3. 50:50 roughage: concentrate for 7 days, measuring 7 days
the project of GAK ALAP1-00003/204. In experiment 3, 2 measuring units were placed simultaneous in one
Key words: micro capsulated, viable yeast, dairy cow, rumen animal to compare and to verify data. At the same time, rumen samples
fermentation, health, milk production were taken at intervals (1hour) and pH was detected with a pH meter.
Statistical analysis was conducted using GLM (Statgraphic Plus 5.1) and
233 Subacute Rumen Acidosis in Intensive Italian Dairy Herds: Bonferroni-Holm-Test.
Occurrence and Clinical Approach Experiment 1: rumen temperature (mean 38.40±0.70 °C) was inﬂuenced
signiﬁcantly by drinking water but it is not connected with feeding time.
1 1 1
M. Gianesella , C. Stelletta , C. Cannizzo , Mean pH was 6.49±0.39 and nadir was pH 6,14. Experiment 2: mean
2 1
P. De Battisti , M. Morgante rumen temperature was 38.12±0.80 °C and mean pH was 6.36±0.22.
1
Universita’ Degli Studi di Padova, Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Nadir during pasture (day) was pH 5.34, nadir during feeding roughage
Veterinarie, Legnaro (Pd), Italy (night) was 6.16. Pasture had a signiﬁcant inﬂuence on rumen pH.
2
Cortal Extrasoy S.P.A., Cittadella (Pd), Italy Experiment 3: mean rumen temperature was 38.55±0.83 °C and mean pH
was 6.37±0.24. Nadir was pH 5.29. Decline of rumen pH was
Subacute rumen acidosis (SARA) represents one of the most signiﬁcantly related to the feeding of concentrate. When comparing the
important metabolic disorders in intensive dairy farms that affects results of 2 simultaneous measuring units, the absolute statistical error
rumen fermentations, animal welfare, productivity and proﬁtability. was 0.6±0.65 °C for temperature and 0.15±0.19 for pH, differences could
The aim of the present study was to study the occurrence of SARA in be seen due to rumen dynamics and non-homogenous mixture of ingesta.
intensive Italian dairy herds and to determine the correct clinical Results indicate that the present method is a useful tool for scientiﬁc
approach to evaluat this disease. During the last four years forty applications. As the measuring system can also be administered to
commercial dairy herds were investigated. In each farm a general uninjured cattle, an adapted rumen pH measuring system will also be
investigation was performed, with particular attention to herd assembled for practical purposes in future. Examinations were carried
management and presence of typical clinical signs of SARA. Twelve out in compliance with the National Animal Experiment Law
cows in good body condition, between 5 and 60 day in milk and (Tierversuchsgesetz 1988)
without clinical signs of disease were selected randomly from each
herd, to perform rumenocentesis and obtain rumen ﬂuid. Ruminal pH 235 Blood and Ruminal Biochemical Modiﬁcations and Clinical
was determined immediately after sampling and concentration of Signs after 1 and 2 % Body Weight Intoxication with Soybean
SCFA in ruminal ﬂuid was determined on samples after storage. Meal in Dairy Steers
Comparisons between TMR after distribution and residual food were
be evaluated by sieving and by chemical composition. Milk yield D. Raboisson, A. Ferrieres, F. Enjalbert, F. Schelcher
quality was determined in the cows were we performed the National Veterinary School of Toulouse, Department for Farm
rumenocentesis. Results were subject to ANOVA and correlation Animals and Herd Health, Toulouse, France
analysis using SIGMA STAT 2.03. We had no sampling problems
with the 480 cows of our study series, and no animal developed any Effects of massive ingestion of rapidly fermentable carbohydrate diets on
health problem during or after the procedure. The results indicated the cattle are well known, but no data are available on massive ingestion of
presence of SARA in 40% of herds (more than 33% cows with rumen soybean meal. The aim of the trial is to describe the clinical signs and the
pH < 5.5), a critical situation (more than 33% cows with rumen pH < ruminal and blood biochemical modiﬁcations of bulls receiving an large
5.8) in 25.7% of farms and a normal rumen pH condition in 34.3% of quantity of soybean meal. In two successive trials (8 weeks apart),
herds. In particular dairy herds show an average SCFA concentration soybean meal (46% crude protein) was introduced via the canula in the
of 162, 147 and 121 mmol/L for low pH, critical pH and normal pH rumen of four Holstein steers, respectively at 1% (3,5 to 3,7 kg) and 2%
herds, respectively. The differences among diet composition were not body weight (7,8 to 8,3 kg). Clinical examination, ruminal and blood
signiﬁcant even if herds with SARA showed a light discordance biochemical analysis were performed every two hours for 4 days.
between initial composition and residual feed, a result which suggests Measured parameters were blood pH, PCO2 and HCO3- (Opti-CCA,
more attention in TMR preparation and management, especially in Idex), blood NH3 (Vitros 250, Ortho Clinical Disgnostic), ruminal pH
large herds where the attitude of the personnel responsible for feeding (pH-meter), ruminal volatile fatty acids (VFA) (gas chromatography)
the cows is of paramount importance. Milk yield quality were not and ruminal N-NH3 (spectrophotometry). In the 2% study, ruminal pH
statistical different in three groups: in particular dairy herds show an ﬁrstly decreased to 5,67 ± 0,15 at H4 (4 hours after soybean meal
average of 3.8, 3.6 and 3.5 of milk-fat % for low pH, critical pH and ingestion), in parallel to an increase of VFA concentrations and a
normal pH herds, respectively, and the same values (3.3) of milk moderate and stable concentration of N-NH3 between H4 and H12. Then
protein %. Although ruminal pH is reported to drop in experimental ruminal pH increased slowly to basal level (pH= 6,47 ± 0,18) up to H20
situations of inducing low milk-fat, this alone does not justify those (VFA decreased and N-NH3 increased from H12 to H26). Ruminal pH
situations to be characterized as being SARA. ﬁnally increased slightly up to H32 and returned to basal level. Blood pH

Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders 11

Proceedings of the 25th World Buiatrics Congress, 2008 - Budapest, Hungary
Reprinted in IVIS with the permission of the Congress Organizers Close window to return to IVIS

and plasma HCO3- increased from H4 to H40 and then decrease to basal was poor, the animals were emaciated, their development was reduced
level until H80. Blood NH3 concentration peak (H20 : 378,2 ± 103,3 and their respiratory rate severely increased. Blood samples were
µmol/L) was detected a few hours after blood pH peak (H12). Uremia taken from animals of different age groups for examination of
peaked at H26. Hyperammoniemia was associated with an hyper- glutathione-peroxidase activity (GSH-Px), thyroxin (T4) and selenium
glycemia (H24). Clinical signs (moderate muscle tremors, head shaking, (Se) concentrations. 3 animals admitted to the clinic showed poor
stamping, weackness and moderate prostration) occurred in the 2% trial general condition, emaciation and severe pathological lung ﬁndings.
between 12 and 28 hours after soybean meal ingestion. Clinical signs Two of the calves had visible and palpable masses at the ventral aspect
were detected during hyperamoniemia, suggesting causual relationship of the larynx. A main ﬁnding in blood examination was very low
between symptoms and blood NH3 concentration. Similar but less GSH-Px (12 – 42 U/g Hb). These animals were euthanized and
demonstrative biochemical modiﬁcations occured with 1% soybean meal submitted to post-mortem examination. All three animals had masses
ingestion, but no clinical sign was detected. Clinical signs and major in the area of the larynx in size of 7-15 cm in diameter. Additionally,
biochemical modiﬁcations occured only with ingestion of large the animals had severe bronchopneumonia, and one animal also had
quantities of soybean meal, but spontaneous ingestion of such a quantity ﬁbrinous pleuritis. Histological ﬁndings included hypertrophy and
by cows is unlikely. hyperplasia with hyperaemia of the thyroid gland. The bacteriological
ﬁndings were Pasteurella multocida in the lungs of two of the animals
236 The Effect of Rumen Mucosal Lesions on Growth in South and BRSV-antigen in one animal. On the farm, nine calves had
African Feedlot Cattle palpable masses in the area of the larynx of up to 10 cm in size. T4
levels were very low in three out of nine animals (< 0.5 µg/l) and the
1 2 3
P. Thompson , W. Schultheiss , A. Hentzen GPX was below 8 U/gHb in all animals examined. Analysis of the
1
University of Pretoria, Production Animal Studies, Onderstepoort, grass silage, fed ad libitum, yielded an iodine concentration of 0.29
South Africa mg/kg. Mineral feed was offered to the animals; however, it did not
2
Schering-Plough Animal Health, Johannesburg, South Africa contain any Se or iodine. Another one day old calf with goitre, Se-
3
Supreme Livestock Services, Heidelberg, South Africa deﬁciency and bronchopneumonia was treated in the clinic with
potassium iodide, selenium, vitamin E and antibiotics. After 4.5
Rumen health is well recognized as a primary necessity for bovine months the calf had recovered and was discharged. It was concluded
health and if compromised it will negatively affect performance. It is at that the farm had an iodine deﬁciency problem, with clinical signs of
risk when abrupt transition to a more energy dense ration takes place goitre, Se- deﬁciency and bronchopneumonia. There are no
early on in the beef feedlot feeding period. This is also the time when restrictions for mineral supplements in commandments for organic
most cases of undifferentiated bovine respiratory disease (UBRD) farms, especially for selenium or iodine. In regions with iodine
occur. Excessive pH ﬂuctuations may cause subclinical or clinical and Se- deﬁciency in the soils there should be a special attention to
acidosis and result in permanent damage to the rumen mucosa. mineral supplements.
Although such lesions are commonly seen in apparently healthy cattle
at slaughter, there are no reports of their effect on the performance of 238 Dynamics of Bone Metabolism in High Pregnant Heifers and
feedlot cattle. The rumen mucosa of 1935 cattle was examined at slaughter, First Lactation Cows
representing 15 groups from ﬁve feedlots. The presence and size of focal
mucosal scarring (“stars”) and diffuse mucosal lesions were recorded. Lung J. Staric, M. Nemec, J. Jezek, M. Klinkon, T. Zadnik
lesion scoring was also done on most animals. Live mass on arrival at the UL, Veterinary faculty, Clinic for Ruminants, Ljubljana, Slovenia
feedlot and average daily gain (ADG) during the feeding period were
obtained for each animal. The effects of rumen mucosal lesions on ADG Bone metabolism can be assessed by using biochemical markers of
were then estimated using mixed-effects multiple regression models. bone metabolism. Biochemical markers of bone metabolism are
Stars were recorded in 50.9% (varied from 3.3% to 72.3% between groups) degradation products, by products of formation and enzymes involved
and diffuse lesions in 56.1% (5.5% to 93.6%) of all animals. Pulmonary in bone degradation or formation. They indicate whether bone is
lesions were seen in 52.3% (32.3% to 77.1%) and severe pneumonia (lung forming, degrading or remodelling more intensively. 88 late pregnant
parenchymal or pleural adhesion score >2) in 13,6% (4.8% to 33.9%) of all HF heifers and ﬁrst lactation cows in different physiological periods, 1
animals. Mean ADG was 1.406 kg (1.176 to 2.070 kg). When adjusted for month before calving, up to 10 days before calving, within 48 hours
processing mass, sex, feedlot and group, calves with rumen stars showed an after calving, 10 to 20 days in milk and at the peak of lactation were
average reduction in ADG of 46 g (P < 0.001). The presence of a diffuse involved in the study. The study was performed during winter, when all
mucosal lesion was associated with a 60 g reduction in ADG (P < 0.001). animals were housed. Venous blood samples for measurement of bone
Calves with both lesion types showed a 79 g reduction in ADG (P < 0.001). speciﬁc alkaline phosphatase (BALP), C-terminal telopeptide cross-
However, the effect of each of the rumen lesions on ADG varied between links of collagen I (CTx) and total calcium (tCa) were taken according
groups. In one group of 185 animals, the presence of rumen stars was to the protocol. Mean serum tCa has the lowest value in a group within
positively associated with the presence of severe pneumonia (odds ratio = 48 hours after calving, 2,12 ± 0,09 mmol/L and highest during the peak
4.9; P = 0.03). This information is important for feedlot managers, lactation, 2,56 ± 0,13 mmol/L. Interestingly the mean BALP has the
supporting the fact that transition from adaptation to grower or ﬁnisher highest value in a group within 48 hours after calving, 37,8 ± 7,9 U/L
rations should be made with care. Efforts should be made to limit pH and the lowest value during the peak lactation, 22,3 ± 4,53 U/L. The
ﬂuctuations which may cause permanent damage to the rumen mucosa highest mean CTx value was measured in group of cows 10 to 20 days
that will increase days on feed to attain the desired end mass. Routine after calving, 1,152 ± 0,292 ng/L and the lowest in heifers up to 10 days
inspection of rumen mucosa at the abattoir may be also considered as a before calving, 0,513 ± 0,197 ng/L. All mentioned differences were
tool to monitor nutritional management in the feedlot. also statistically signiﬁcant at p<0,05. Despite Ca shortage in post
Key words: rumen mucosal lesions, pneumonia, feedlot cattle, growth parturient time, bone formation marker BALP has the highest values
which indicate that there could be a strong involvement of hormones
237 Case Report of Iodine Deﬁciency in an Organic Dairy Farm associated with calving and that low blood calcium does not lower bone
formation at that time, which we expected. Bone degradation is most
1 1 2 3 1
I. Schlemmer , M. Metzner , S. Reese , U. Ebert , W. Klee intensive between 10th and 20th day of lactation in this study, what
1
University Munich, Clinic for Ruminants, Munich, Germany could be associated with increasing milk production and demand for
2
University of Munich, Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Munich, calcium which is supplied by bone tissue. Bone tissue is predominantly
Germany forming during last 10 days of pregnancy. Most probable reason for
3
Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, veterinary pathology, this is building up of Ca reserve for lactation.
Munich, Germany Key words: Bone turnover, BALP, CTx, cattle, blood

In an organic dairy farm with 40 Holstein-Friesian cows and offspring 281 Change in Hepatocellular Phosphorus Content during the
in Bavaria the farmer described tumours in the region near the larynx Transition Period in Dairy Cows
in ﬁve of 15 calves (up to the age of six months). Additionally the
1 2 1 3
growth fell behind and the calves showed increased incidence of W. Gruenberg , R. Staufenbiel , P. Constable , H. Dann ,
4
pulmonary diseases. In September 2006, three calves were sent to the J. Drackley
1
Clinic for Ruminants for examination. Later the farm was visited. The Purdue University, Veterinary Clinical Sciences, West Lafayette,
general condition of several animals of the age of 1 day to 6 months United States

12 XXV. Jubilee World Buiatrics Congress 2008

Proceedings of the 25th World Buiatrics Congress, 2008 - Budapest, Hungary
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2
Freie Universität Berlin, Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Berlin, D and high phosphorus grass. With enhanced the content of calcium,
Germany phosphorus, CT and BGP in serum, vitamin D could effect the bone
3
Miner Agricultural Research Institute, Chazy, United States metabolism of dairy cattle with hypophosphstemia, and prevented
4
University of Illinois, animal sciences, Urbana - Champaign, United dairy cattle hypophosphatemia
States Key words: cows, hypophosphstemia, vitaman D, bone metabolism
Hypophosphatemia and disturbed liver function are common findings
in dairy cows during early lactation. Low serum phosphorus (P) 283 Changes T3 and T4 Plasma Concentrations in Dairy Cows
concentrations have been associated with altered liver function and during Lactation
decreased regenerative capacity of the liver. To our knowledge,
neither the liver P content nor the relationship between serum P K. Sinka, J. Illek, D. Kumprechtova, P. Novak
concentration ([P]) and liver P content have been studied in Veterinary and Pharmaceutical University Brno, Clinic of Ruminant
periparturient dairy cows. We therefore investigated the change Diseases, Brno, Czech Republic, Czech Republic
in hepatocellular P content in dairy cows from late gestation to early
lactation. Liver biopsy samples of 6 dairy cows were obtained at -65, Objective: The objective of this study was to determine plasma
-30, -14, +1, +14, +28 and +49 days relative to calving. Amounts of concentrations of T3 and T4 hormones in dairy cows in preparturient
P, potassium (K) and magnesium (Mg) in liver were determined using period (20 to 10 days prepartum), in early lactation (15 to 20 days in
inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry and expressed as milk -DIM), peak lactation (60 to 80 DIM), and late lactation (220 to
mg/g or µg/g liver dry weight. The amount of DNA in the biopsy 250 DIM).
sample was determined in order to explore the potential confounding Material and methods: The study was performed in a Holstein herd
effect of changes in cell volume on liver P content. Serum [P] was with average milk yield of 10,650 kg per 305 day lactation. Cows
measured at -50, -36, -14, +1, +14, +28 and +49 d relative to calving. were housed loose in pens and fed total mixed ration consisting of
The amount of P in wet weight liver (PW), non fat wet weight maize silage, clover-grass silage, meadow hey, straw and
(PNFW) liver, and per cell (indexed to DNA; PDNA) was calculated; concentrate. Proportions of TMR components and nutrient contents
similar values were calculated for K and Mg. Repeated measures reflected the lactation phases and were in accordance with standard
ANOVA was used to identify changes in measured and calculated recommendations.
values over time. Liver P decreased significantly from 12.4±1.1 mg/g Selected cows from different phases of calving to calving interval were
at -14d to 8.2±1.4 mg/g at +14d, increasing thereafter to 11.7±1.5 withdrawn blood from the coccygeal vein, using the HEMOS tubes
mg/g at +49 d. Similar changes in dry weight liver were observed for with heparin. Group A: late pregnancy cows (10-20 days prepartum),
Mg and K. PW and PDNA showed the same pattern of change over Group B: early lactation (15- 20 days prepartum), Group C: peak
time with similar trends for the Mg and K content in wet liver tissue lactation (60-80 DIM), Group D: late lactation (220-250 DIM). In each
as well as indexed to DNA. In contrast, the amounts of K and Mg in group 10 cows without clinical disease signs and in optimum body
non fat wet tissue remained constant over time whereas a significant condition were monitored. Hormones T3 and T4 were measured by
decline of PNFW at +14d was determined. Serum [P] tended to chemiluminiscence, using the automatic analyzer IMMULITE 1000.
increase from calving to +14d and did not reflect changes in liver P Results were statistically evaluated.
content over time. Our findings indicate that time-dependent changes Results: The late pregnancy cows (A) showed the lowest T3
of the electrolyte contents in dry liver weight are largely due to concentrations and the highest T4 concentrations. In early lactation there
changes in hepatic water and fat content. As indicated by the P, Mg was a signiﬁcant decrease in T4 and non-signiﬁcant increase in T3. In
and K content in non-fat wet liver weight, the cytosolic peak lactation, T4 levels were still low but non-signiﬁcantly higher than in
concentrations of Mg and K were stable throughout the study period the early lactation. In late lactation there was a signiﬁcant increase in T4
whereas the cytosolic P concentration significantly declined at +14 d. and signiﬁcant decrease in T3. The late lactation values were similar to
Our findings further indicate that serum [P] cannot be used to those measured in late pregnancy cows.
estimate liver P content.
Table 1. T3 and T4 plasma concentrations (nmol/l)
282 Effect of Vitamin D on the Bone Metabolism of Dairy Cattle
with Hypophosphatemia Group A B C D
T3 T4 T3 T4 T3 T4 T3 T4
JT. Wang, JL. Li, SW. Xu, FQ. Shi
Northeast Agricultural University, College of Veterinary Medicine, X 1.71 74.64 1.93 36.9 1.95 43.96 1.77 63.96
Harbin, China S.D. 0,179 8,562 0,183 3,157 0,135 7,096 0,095 7,592
C.V. 0,105 0,115 0,095 0,086 0,069 0,161 0,054 0,119
The morbidity of mineral metabolic obstacle in cows was very high in T-test A-B A-B B-C B-C C-D C-D
Daqing and Anda regions in China, especially in some areas of Anda in ** *** N.S. ** *** ***
which most areas belonged to alkaline soil which was composed of (P<= (P<= (P<= (P<= (P<=
high content of NaHCO3. There was 5mg/kg available phosphorus in 0.01) 0.001) 0.01) 0.001) 0.001
soil roughly. Dairy cattle in these areas were found to have
hypophosphatemia with detecting the content of phosphorus in serum, Conclusion: Plasma concentrations of thyroid hormones were
and they showed dyskinesia and low productive ability for long time. changing throughout the calving to calving interval. In the early
The aim of this study was to ﬁnd out the method which prevented and lactation there was a signiﬁcant drop in T4 concentrations, remained
cured dairy cattle with hypophosphatemia, and illuminated the effect of low in peak lactation, and increased in late lactation only. T3
vitamin D on the bone metabolism of cows with hypophosphstemia. 30 concentrations were signiﬁcantly higher in early and peak lactation
cows with obvious clinical symptoms which were hypophosphatemia, than the initial values. In late lactation, T3 concentrations were
dyskinesia was assigned randomly. 10 cows as control feed low phosp- gradually decreasing and approached the values measured in late
horus grass (p<0.15%), 10 cows as group 1: feed high phosphorus grass pregnancy cows.
(p>0.2%), 10 cows as group 2: feed high phosphorus grass (p>0.2%), The study was carried out within the project NAZV no. 1B44035
6
and got vitamin D3 (2.5x10 IU, weekly) by intramuscular injection and
one capsule of vitamin D3 (10mg/500kg, daily) by oral. Blood samples 284 Predictive Value of Serum Biochemical Analysis on
(serum) were withdrawn on 1d, 30d, 60d, 90d and 120d. The content of Treatment Outcome in 72 Recumbent Cows
vitamin D (including vitamin D, 25-OH-D, 1,25-(OH)2-D), calcium-
1 2 3
phosphorus- CT and BGP in the serum of group 2 were higher, and J. Berchtold , H. Maier , P. Constable
1
APK activity was lower than control and group 1. However, these items Tierärztliche Praxis Haiming, Obing, Germany
2
are near between control and group 1: the content of serum protein, Synlab.Vet., Augsburg, Germany
3
GOP and GPT activity in serum had no difference in three groups. Purdue University, School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of
After 120 days the clinical symptom of 10 cows in group 2 was Veterinary Clinical Sciences, West Lafayette, United States
obviously slight, 10 cows in group 1 were better than control. These
results clearly demonstrated that the content of calcium-phosphorus- Introduction: The objective of this study was to determine the
CT, BGP, vitamin D3 and its metabolism activity in serum of the cows predictive value of serum biochemical analysis on treatment outcome
with hypophosphstemia were changed obviously with adding vitamin in recumbent cows.

Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders 13

Proceedings of the 25th World Buiatrics Congress, 2008 - Budapest, Hungary
Reprinted in IVIS with the permission of the Congress Organizers Close window to return to IVIS

Materials and Methods: Serum samples from recumbent cattle were group all parameters except lipids displayed high frequencies
selected from samples submitted to a laboratory in Germany for fluctuations. In conclusion, the lower frequency changes of leptin,
analysis. A questionnaire was completed in order to obtain data on the ketone bodies and glucose concentrations are the results of energy
duration of recumbency, time of sampling, breed, and treatment metabolism dysregulation in the cows with SK. The occurrence of a
outcome. Serum concentrations of Ca, Phosphorus, Mg, Na, K, total single long-span wave in leptin dynamic change within 8 weeks
bilirubin, urea, and total protein were measured, and serum activities of postpartum may be associated with the underfeeding SK.
AST, CK, and GLDH were determined. Analysis of variance was used Key words: dairy cow, leptin, ketosis, dynamic correlation, lipids
to compare serum values of cows that did not recover and were
sampled before (group NR1) and after (group NR2) their ﬁrst treatment 286 Flying Scapulas as a Symptom of Muscular Dystrophy in
for recumbency, and recovered cows that were sampled before (group Dutch Dairy Heifers
R1) and after (group R2) their ﬁrst treatment, respectively. Non-
1 2 3
normally distributed variables were log transformed before analysis K. Jobse , R. Bouwstra , M. Holzhauer
1
and P <0.05 was considered signiﬁcant. DAP Nijkerk-Wellensiek, Nijkerk, Netherlands
2
Results: Serum was analyzed from 72 cows aged 3 to 12 years, with Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Animal Health
51 (70%) of cows recovering. Breeds included 45 Fleckvieh, 6 Department, Utrecht, Netherlands
3
Holstein, 19 Braunvieh, 2 Red-Pied, and one mixed. Serum was Animal Health Service Deventer, Deventer, Netherlands
obtained before treatment in 38 cows (groups R1, NR1) and after one
or several treatments in 34 cases (groups R2, NR2). Duration of Introduction case report: Within one week after turning out heifers
recumbency when serum was obtained was <1 day in 41 cows. Group on pasture, a dairy farmer consulted his local veterinary practitioner.
NR2 cows had significantly higher geometric mean serum activities Three heifers out of a group of 30 displayed a symptom in literature
for AST (718 U/L, range 162 to 2,616) and CK (10,025 U/L, range described as “Flying Scapulas”. This abnormality is characterised by
184 to 62,952), compared to cows in group NR1 (AST, 293 U/L; CK, a separation of both scapulas from the thorax due to bilateral rupture
2,443 U/L), group R1 (AST, 184 U/L; CK, 1,138 U/L), and group R2 of the serratus ventralis muscles. After this first consult all heifers
(AST, 228 U/L; CK, 1,754 U/L). Serum calcium concentration was were housed and provided extra vitamin E and selenium (Se).
lower in group R1 cows than group R2 and NR2 cows, but was Materials and Methods: During this ﬁrst consult blood was sampled
similar to cows in group NR1. Overall mean serum potassium from all three heifers. Three weeks later blood was sampled from the
concentrations were lower in Holstein (3.4+0.5 mmol/L) than in two remained heifers. Blood was analyzed for vitamin E, glutathione
Fleckvieh (4.6+0.8 mmol/L) or Braunvieh (4.2+0.2 mmol/L) cows. peroxidase and serum creatine phosphokinase activity. One heifer was
Other serum parameters did not differ between the 4 groups and euthanized three days after the ﬁrst consult and one heifer three weeks
between breeds. later. On this heifer post mortem research was carried out.
Conclusions: Higher serum activities for AST and CK in cows not Results: The ﬁrst blood samples revealed a vitamin E as well as a Se
recovering from recumbency indicate the development of muscle deﬁciency in all three heifers while CPK levels were too high. After
damage secondary to recumbency, with high serum AST and CK three weeks of supplementation vitamin E and Se levels were normal.
activities being associated with a poor prognosis. Our results suggest One heifer did not clinical recover and still had a high CPK blood level
that potassium supplementation should be routinely performed in and was therefore euthanized. Post mortem research showed a bilateral
lactating recumbent Holstein cows because they have a lower rupture of the serratus ventralis muscles. No new clinical cases of
potassium concentration than recumbent Fleckvieh and Braunvieh muscular dystrophy have been observed after housing and providing
cows. extra vitamin E and selenium.
Key words: recumbency, serum biochemistry, muscle damage, Conclusion: The most likely reason for developing the speciﬁc
hypokalemia symptoms of “Flying Scapulas” is muscular dystrophy caused by an
inadequate vitamin E and Se supply during winter, followed by
285 Abnormal Dynamic Changes of Plasma Leptin are Associated excessive exercise after turn-out. The authors’ opinion is that this is the
with the Occurrence of Sub-clinical Ketosis in Dairy Cows ﬁrst report in which both a vitamin E and selenium deﬁciency have
around Parturitions been found in animals with the clinical symptoms of Flying Scapulas.
This also is the ﬁrst case-description of cattle with this speciﬁc
B. He, J. Huang, T. Hu, Y. Liao, Y. Du, J. Ma, G. Li symptom in The Netherlands.
GuangXi University, College of Animal Science and Technology, Key words: case-description, ﬂying scapulas, muscular dystrophy
Nanning, Guangxi, China, China
287 Total Lipid and Triacylglycerol Determination in One
In order to understand the link between leptin and ketosis in Holstein Analytical Approach in Small Amounts of Bovine Hepatic
cows around calving, The 16 Holstein cows around parturitions were Tissue
chosen randomly from a dairy farm in Nanning area, their blood
samples were collected within Days 10 prepartum and at Days R. Busche, A. Haudum, A. Starke, J. Rehage
0,1,2,7,14,21,28,35,42,49,56 postpartum. The concentrations of University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Clinic of
leptin, ketone bodies, glucose and lipids in the blood plasma were Ruminants, Hannover, Germany
analyzed. Then the examined cows, according to diagnostic criteria of
ketosis, were divided into two groups, i.e. the cows with subclinical Fatty liver is the most frequent liver disease in dairy cows in early
ketosis (SK) and the cows without subclinical ketosis (nSK). The lactation and an important risk factor for other periparturient diseases. The
concentration and dynamic change characteristics of each above increase of the total lipid (TL) content is mainly due to accumulation of
parameter were analyzed between two groups, the linear correlations triacylglycerol (TAG) but also to a rise in other hepatic fat fractions. Since
between parameters were also analyzed in SK and nSK groups. The ﬁne needle biopsies commonly yield no more than 100mg of hepatic
concentrations of plasma glucose and lipids were determined by tissue the aim was to develop an analytical combined method for TL and
routine methods, the level of leptin by RIA and ketone bodies by TAG determination in small amounts of liver tissue. Liver bioptates (10g)
salicylaldehyde spectrometry. The results shows that: The SK group taken from 10 different HF cows during surgical correction of abomasal
had significantly lower average leptin concentration (P=0.000024) displacement were splitted into equal portions and stored at -85°C. TL
and higher average ketone bodies concentration (P=0.00045) than were extracted from homogenised tissue samples (ca. 50mg) with 2ml
nSK group. Although the SK group had lower average glucose hexane:isopropanol (3:2, v/v; at 20°C, 24h, constant agitation). Then 1ml
concentration than nSK group, the difference between them was not Na2SO4 (0.455 mmol/l) was added. Samples were vortexed, centrifuged
significant (P=0.0575). There was no significant differences in (400g, 10min) and the hexane phases with extracted lipids were
average lipids levels between two groups (P=0.05). For correlations, transferred to clean tubes. For complete lipid extraction 1ml hexane was
both SK and nSK groups had highly significant correlations between added to the bottom phase, then vortexed, centrifuged, and the hexane
leptin and ketone bodies, also between glucose and ketone bodies supernatant was used again. After hexane evaporation the dry extract was
concentrations, so did between leptin and lipids, between ketone used for gravimetric TL determination. For TAG analysis the dry lipid
bodies and lipids in nSK group. On the dynamic curve, the changes of extract was dissolved in 1ml hexane and aliquoted according to TL
leptin, ketone bodies and glucose in SK group displayed lower content. Commercial test kits on an automated analyser without
frequency wave with various amplitudes within test period, the leptin modiﬁcations revealed incomplete enzymatic TAG hydrolysis. Thus, an
exhibited a long-span wave with the peak less than 1.1ng/ml. In nSK extra incubation step for complete hydrolysis was included, and various

14 XXV. Jubilee World Buiatrics Congress 2008

Proceedings of the 25th World Buiatrics Congress, 2008 - Budapest, Hungary
Reprinted in IVIS with the permission of the Congress Organizers Close window to return to IVIS

lipases (porcine pancreatic lipase type II and type VI-S, microbial lipase), Material and Methods: The FLCs to be examined were selected
detergents (SDS 10%; Lubrol), and incubation periods (0.5-16 h) were randomly for claw examination for each auction from the monthly auction
tested. Triolein (Sigma, Steinheim, Germany) was used as internal catalogue. At each auction a minimum of 25% of FLCs were selected,
standard. The coefﬁcient of variance (CV) of TL analysis in the ten liver with an average of 36% of all FLCs of all 10 auctions. After obtaining
bioptates (range: 40-314mg/g FW) was in average 2.2% (max. 4.5%; owner’s consent, the hindclaws were examined in a walk-in crush for DD.
three repetitions). For the extra incubation step prior to the ﬁnal enzymatic DD lesions were evaluated by the parameters localisation (plantar,
TAG analysis (MTI diagnostics, Idstein, Germany) microbial lipase, interdigital, dorsal aspect), diameter in cm and lesion type (M1-M4).
Lubrol, and 16 hours of incubation provided best results. Mean recovery Other claw lesions and trimming status of the claws were also noted.
of Triolein was 101% (97%-107%) with mean intra and inter day (10 Results: From a total of 1110 FLCs registered for the ten auctions on
samples, 5 repetitions) CV% of 0.75% and 2.7%, resp. The liver TAG the catalogues, 399 were chosen for examination, and of these 199
(range: 4-260 mg/g FW) analysis showed mean intra and inter day CV% FLCs could be examined. In 63 cows from the random sample the
of 2.5% (0.35-5.6%) and 3.4% (2.3-4.9%), resp. The presented combined owners did not consent to the examination. A total of 24 FLCs were
method for TL and TAG determination in small amounts of bovine liver found to have DD lesions on one or both hindlimbs, with at least one
tissue was simple, accurate and reproducible. cow detected at nine of the ten auctions. The size of lesions ranged
This work was supported by WILHELM SCHAUMANN STIFTUNG, from 0.5 to 3 cm in diameter. The prevalence of DD determined at 10
Hamburg, Germany. auction dates within 10 months was 12.06%.
Conclusions: The results of this study show that about 12% of FLCs
288 Study on the Mechanism in the Damage of Erythrocyte presented as breeding cattle at auction were affected with DD. This
Membrane in Low-phosphorus Cows result suggests that in the worst case, if each of these FLCs affected
with DD is introduced into a DD free herd, 24 new herds could be
SW. Xu, FQ. Shi, DW. Xuan infected by DD during a 10 months period from one single auction
Northeast Agricultural University, College of Veterinary Medicine, centre in Austria. An additional risk is the infection of other animals at
Harbin, China the auction from the use of shared walkways and pens, with a
potentially much larger number of herds affected at a later stage. In
Objectives: Investigate the mechanism in the damage of erythrocyte order to reduce both these risks, we recommend that dairy farmers
membrane (EM) in low-phosphorus cows. purchase only cows free from digital dermatitis. An examination of the
Materials and Methods: These cows with ﬁeld cases were divided into claws for the presence of DD lesions should be carried out in all cows
three groups, including hemoglobinuria group (HG), low-phosphorus one or two weeks before they are presented at auction. This
group (LPG) and control group (CG). The phospholipid composition, examination should be performed by trained experts and the ﬁndings
skeletin, antioxidant function and shape of EM were determined. should be documented in a special protocol, which should be presented
Results: The phospholipid composition, skeletin, antioxidative function with the cow at the auction, and be available for inspection by all
and shape of EM obviously changed in HG and LPG. (1) Phos- potential buyers.
phatidylethanolamine (PE) content in HG was signiﬁcantly lower than
that in LPG and CG, but sphingomyeline (SM) and phosphatidycholine
(PC) + phosphatidylserine (PS) content in HG was signiﬁcantly higher POSTER ABSTRACTS
than that in LPG and CG. In comparison between LPG and CG, PC + PS
content were lower and SM content was higher in LPG. Signiﬁcant
positive correlation and negative correlation were observed between 443 Inﬂuence of Age, Season and Physiological State on some
serum phosphorus and PE content, serum phosphorus and SM content, Biochemical Parameters in South Eastren Algerian Desert
respectively. (2) There were no difference was found in EM skeletin Goats
between LPG and CG. Spectrin I, spectrin II, and band IV-2 content was
1 1 2 1
lower in HG than that in LPG and CG, but band III was higher in HG than H. Nadia , M. Touﬁk , M. Bakir , B. Mabrouk
1
that in LPG and CG. (3) SOD activity and GSH-Px activity in HG and Batna University, Veterinary, Batna, Algeria
2
LPG was signiﬁcantly lower than that in CG. MDA content in HG and Batna University, Virology, Batna, Algeria
LPG was signiﬁcantly higher than that in CG. There were a signiﬁcant
positive correlation between serum phosphorus and erythrocytic SOD Blood plasma Ca, P, Mg, Na, K, and Fe were analysed in order to
activity and GSH-Px activity, and a negaitive correlation between serum establish biochemical references, and to study the inﬂuence of age,
phosphorus and erythrocytic MDA content. (4) Through the observation season and physiological state on the variation of these parameters.
of scanning electron microscope, the course of erthrocytolysis attributable The results demonstrate:
to low phosphorus intake was proved: the erythrocytes changed from – Ca, Mg, and Na levels were high at birth and decrease with age.
biconcaval shape to acanthocytes, spherocytes and to be destroyed – The season had a signﬁcant effect on the levels of these ions, for
eventually with the decresed serum phosphorus content. Treatment with example Ca, Mg, K decreased and inversely Na increased during dry
phosphorus preparation could signﬁcantly alleviate the change in season.
erythrocyte shape and make it to return to normal shape. – The values obtained for the plasma Ca, Mg, Na, K, Ca:P and Fe levels
Conclusions: The phospholipid composition, skeletin, and shape of EM in pregnant goats were 80.02±4.84 mg/l, 22.14±1.61 mg/l, 142±1.73
changed, and the antioxidant function of EM decreased in low- mEq/l, 6.43±0.40 mEq/l, 1.29±0.37 and 91.11±18.84 µg/100ml
phosphorus cows. These further caused the occurrence of the haemolysis. respectively. They were signiﬁcantly higher than in non pregnant and
Key words: cow; low-phosphorus; erythrocyte membrane lactating females.
– Ca (77.67±3.20 mg/l), Mg (20.44±1.66 mg/l), K (5.65±0.57 mEq/l)
289 Prevalence of Digital Dermatitis in First Lactation Cows and Ca:P (1.35±0.35) were lower in lactating goat compared to
Presented at Auction pregnant and non pregnant goats.
These values of plasma minerals can be used as reference to detect
1,2 3 1
M. Hulek , I. Sommerfeld-Stur , J. Koﬂer metabolic and/or nutritional disorders in goat.
1
University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Department of Horses Key words: mineral metabolism, goat, lactating, desert
and Small Animals, Clinic of Orthopaedics in Large Animals,
Vienna, Austria 44 The Evaluation of Vitamin A and ß-carotene Levels during
2
Veterinary Practice Michael Hulek,Oberneukirchen, Austria Postpartum Period in Semi Industrial Dairy Farms in Iran
3
University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Department of Animal
1 2 3
Breeding and Reproduction, Institute of Animal Breeding and M. Tehrani Sharif , R. Mozaffary , J. Gholami Seyed kolaee ,
2 2
Genetics, Vienna, Austria M. Rezaee ghale , A. Cheraghzadeh
1
Islamic Azad University , Garmsar branch, Department of
Objective: The risk of introducing digital dermatitis (= DD) to dairy Pathobiology , Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Garmsar, Iran
2
herds by the introduction of infected, newly purchased cattle is Islamic Azad University , Garmsar branch, Student, Garmsar, Iran
3
assumed to be considerable. The aim of the study was to assess the Shahid Chamran University, Student, Ahwaz, Iran
prevalence of DD in ﬁrst lactation cows (FLCs) presented as breeding
cattle at the monthly auction in one auction centre in Austria over a Objective of study: Vitamin A, retinol, plays a vital role in vision sense.
period of 10 months. Due to the presence of large amounts of beta-carotene in cattle’s foods &

Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders 15

Proceedings of the 25th World Buiatrics Congress, 2008 - Budapest, Hungary
Reprinted in IVIS with the permission of the Congress Organizers Close window to return to IVIS

vitamin A stores in liver, the hypovitaminosis is not provable. Increased Materials and methods: Forty-two Swiss® Holstein dairy cows with
secretion of vitamin A in milk during postpartum period, increases the risk left displacement abomasums (LDA) and sixteen Swiss® Holstein
of hypovitaminosis occurrence in cattle’s feed on a poor beta- carotene dairy cows with right displacement abomasums (RDA) were used in
nutrition. The aim of this study was to evaluate the value of vitamin A & this study. Clinically healthy post parturient cows (n = 9) from a local
beta-carotene during postpartum period in some semi industrial farms dairy farm were used as control group. Blood samples were collected
with poor beta-carotene based nutrition in Ghaemshahr Iran. from the jugular vein from all the cows. Surgery was performed in all
Material & methods: Blood samples were obtained from 88 dairy cows with displacement abomasum (DA). The abomasum was
cows during postpartum period. The samples were centrifuged and repositioned followed by an omentopexy.
froze pa at -20 °C. To prevent direct contact of samples with air and Results: The mean concentration of haptoglobin and serum amyloid A in
light, serum were preserved at dark pockets. Cows were classiﬁed at 9 cow with DA without concurrent diseases were slightly increased
groups based on postpartum period (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 month after compared to control groups. The concentration of haptoglobin and serum
parturition). Vitamin A & beta-carotene were determined by amyloid A in cows with DA with infectious diseases were greater high
spectrophotometric method. compare to cows with DA with non-infectious disease. Serum glucose
Results: The mean value of vitamin A & beta-carotene were concentration in cows with DA had increased in general. But serum
38.06±9.16 µg/dl & 33.8±9.74 µg/dl respectively. The mean value of glucose concentrations in cows with RDA were more increased compared
vitamin A in 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 month postpartum were 33.98±7.26, with cows with LDA. The serum albumin levels in all cows with DA were
29.51±3.5, 35.23±1.44, 37.20±7.62, 38.74±9.06, 38.09±8.20, slightly decreased compare to control group cows.
39.91±6.96, 42.89±4.87, 46.05±5.01 respectively. The mean value of Conclusion: Acute phase proteins level in cows with DA without
beta-carotene in 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 month postpartum were 37.02±3.45, concurrent disease were slightly increased. Although concentration of
40.17±1.56, 26.79±3.40, 40.29±6.26, 18.07±4.02, 36.15±3.6, Hp and SAA in cows suffered from ketosis and fatty liver was mildly
59.61±8.36, 36.31±7.31, 31.11±8.19 respectively. increased, concentration of Hp and SAA in infectious diseased cows
Conclusion: The mean values of vitamin A were normal in spite of with DA increased more. But there was no relationship between
consumption of poor beta- carotene based nutrition. It might be due to elevated acute phase proteins level and prognosis of DA. We can say
high level of liver stores. There were not signiﬁcant differences in mean that elevated acute phase proteins level in cows with DA are primarily
vitamin A during postpartum period. The mean beta-carotene were lower because of the relationship of concurrent disease and stress.
than reference ranges during post partum period. The decreased level of Acknowledgment: This study was supported by University of Selcuk,
beta-carotene indicates the nutritional deﬁciency of beta-carotene. Scientiﬁc Research Project Coordinating.
Key words: Vit A, beta carotene, postpartum period Key words: serum amyloid A and haptoglobin, abomasal
displacement, cows.
445 Comparison of Clinical and Laboratuar Responses for
Laparotomic Omentopexy and Laparoscopic Abomasopexy in 447 Ameliorative Effects of Boron on Serum Proﬁle in Buffalo
Cows with Left Abomasal Displacement (Bubalus Bubalis) Fed High Fluoride Ration
1 2 1 1,2 1
K. Yigitarslan , N. Yavru , S. Avki V. Bharti , M. Gupta
1 1
University of Mehmet Akif Ersoy, Faculty of Vet.Med, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Department of
DEPARTMENT OF SURGERY, Burdur, Turkey Veterinary Physiology, Hisar, India
2 2
University of Selcuk, Faculty of Vet. Med., DEPARTMENT OF Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Division of Physiology &
SURGERY, Konya, Turkey Climatology, Bareilly, India

The objective of this study was to compare the metabolic responses and An experiment was undertaken to evaluate the protective role of boron on
recovery period in cows with left abomasal displacement following by the serum proﬁle of buffalo calves fed a high ﬂuoride ration. Twelve male
surgical treatment either with laparotomic omentopexy or laparoscopic Murrah buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) calves of 6-8 months age were divided
abomasopexy. Forty cows brought to the Faculty of Veterinary Science into three groups of four calves in each group. They were fed basal diets
(The Universities of Selcuk and Mehmet Akif Ersoy) and diagnosed with and supplemented with sodium ﬂuoride (NaF, 60ppm) alone or in
left abomasal displacement were used. The cows were divided for two combination with borax (Na2B4O7.10H2O, 140ppm) for 90 days.
groups. Twenty cows (group 1) were treated with laparotomic However, boron (B) was added in the ration as borax to make @140ppm
omentopexy and the other 20 were treated with laparoscopic boron (elemental B) on DM basis in treatment II. Dietary F caused a
abomasopexy. There were no statistically differences between both signiﬁcant (p<0.05) depressing effect on serum Ca and Zn on day 90,
groups concern about sex, age, number of calving, time after parturition, which was improved with B supplementation. However serum Fe and Cu
diseases period, level of displacement, feces quantity, body temperature, did not show any signiﬁcant change on F as well as F+B supplementation.
heart frequency and serum lactate levels. Serum K and Cl levels were The serum ALP and phosphorus level were increased signiﬁcantly
nd
reached to normal levels in laparoscopic abomasopexy group at 72 (p<0.05) upon F feeding but declined signiﬁcantly (p<0.05) when B was
th
hours postoperatively. The serum cortizol levels were maximum at 0 fed. These ﬁndings suggest that boron has beneﬁcial effect on serum
hours both in laparoscopic abomasopexy and laparotomic omentopexy minerals and ALP in buffalo calves fed high ﬂuoride ration.
groups, and it was decreased under the preoperative levels after 24 hours. Key words: boron, buffalo, enzyme, ﬂuoride, mineral
In cows treated with laparoscopic abomasopexy, the serum cortizol levels
th nd
were statistically decreased at 24 and 72 hours compared to the 448 Clinical Field Evaluation of a Butaphosfan + Vitamin B12
laparotomic omentopexy group (p<0.05). Serum ß-hidroxybutirate levels Compound (Phosphorum B12/Catosal® - Bayer) in the
th
were statistically decreased in laparoscopic abomasopexy group at 24 Treatment of Subclinical Ketosis in Dairy Cows
th
and 72 hours compared to the laparotomic omentopexy group (p<0.05).
1 2 1 1 1
As a conclusion, laparoscopic abomasopexy technique may be superior V. Cuteri , L. Nisoli , A. Attili , A. Romero Tejeda , A. Fruganti
1
than laparotomic omentopexy due to the reduced risk of abdominal University of Camerino, Veterinary Science, Matelica (MC), Italy
1
contamination, less intestinal movement loss in postoperative term, rumen Bayer Health Care, Veterinary Science, Milan, Italy
contraction number reached normally earlier, small incision for enter to
abdominal cavity, deﬁnite of diagnose and less operative stress. Sub-clinical Ketosis (SK) is a metabolic disorder in high-producing dairy
cattle characterized by abnormal levels of ketone bodies in blood, urine
446 The Levels of Serum Amiloid A and Haptoglobin and milk and absence of clinical signs. The inability of the cow to
Concentration in Cows with Abomasal Displacement regenerate the energy lost to sustain the lactation, leads in economic losses
through decreased milk production and reproductive performance. The
H. Guzelbektes, A. Coskun, M. Ok, I. Sen aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Butaphosfan and
University of Selcuk, Faculty of Vet. Med., Department of Clinical Cianocobalamine (Phosphorum B12® 10% inj. solution) on dairy cattle
Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Konya, Turkey with sub-clinical ketosis. During February to September 2007, a negative-
controlled, blinded, multi-centre and randomised clinical study was
The objectives of study: The purpose of this study (1) was to carried out on 79 primiparous and multiparous animals reared in 4 Italian
determine concentrations of selected acute phase proteins (serum farms. One group (n=42) was treated with Phosporum B12® (KP) at a
amyloid A and haptoglobin), haematological and biochemical changes dose of 25 ml/animal i.m., once a day for 5 consecutive days, while the
in cows with abomasal displacement. Sub-Ketosis Control (KC) group (n=37) was not treated. Milk was

16 XXV. Jubilee World Buiatrics Congress 2008

Proceedings of the 25th World Buiatrics Congress, 2008 - Budapest, Hungary
Reprinted in IVIS with the permission of the Congress Organizers Close window to return to IVIS

collected from each cow and tested for the presence of Beta- affected by diets that14 and 20 percentage whole cottonseed diets were
hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) - an indicator of abnormal fat metabolism using indicated highest daily weight gain and body condition score (p<0.05).
Ketolac® and following manufacturer’s instruction. Appetite and bovine Plasma urea nitrogen was higher for 14 and 20 percentage whole
activity (ALPRO DELAVAL System) were evaluated for 10 days post cottonseed diets.
enrolment (PE). Rectal temperature and symptoms of clinical ketosis, Left Key words: early lactation, whole cottonseed, alfalfa hay, effective
Displaced Abomasum or other diseases, were also recorded. Milk BHBA NDF, chewing activity
200 Ïmol/L was used as the cut-off value for diagnosis of SK while values
<100 µmol/L were considered surely negative. After 10 days PE, the 451 Effect of Molybdenum and Sulphur on Copper Status and
incidence of SK based on the milk test was statistically different between Mohair Quality in Merghoze Goat
th
groups (P=0.0213), with a signiﬁcant decrease from 5th (48.65%) to 10
1 1 1 2
day (23.81%) only in the treated KP group (P=0.0129). Inoculation of M. Moeini , E. Nooriyan , M. Souri , E. Mikaeeli
1
Phosphorum B12® increased the prevalence of cows cured (milk BHBA Razi University, Animal Science, Kermanshah, Iran
2
<100 µmol/L) at the 5th day of treatment (16.67%), showing a statistical Razi University, Animal Nutrition, Kermanshah, Iran
difference (P=0.0401) vs KC group (2.70%). Also, the treatment
improved the average milk production to 27.53L for KC group vs 30.94L This study was made on the effects of a normal diet containing 12.8 mg
for KP group (P=0.0106). Even if the appetite reduced in both groups, Cu/kg DM, which supplemented with molybdenum and sulphur on the
only untreated cows showing a serious diminishment and anorexia at 5th copper status and ﬁbre quality in eight 1- year Iranian Merghoze goat.
day recorded a signiﬁcant decrease (P<104) in the average of milk yield One group (n=4 mean weight 31±2.0 kg) was treated with Mo and S
(19.27L) in comparison to the animals with normal appetite (28.93L). No supplements for 20 weeks, the second group (n=4 mean weight 32± 2.1
differences were observed about temperature, activity and other kg) served as controls. In addition of blood sampling for measuring
symptoms. The administration of Phosphorum B12® resulted in a sooner copper status in plasma, the copper content and quality of ﬂeeces were
reduction of BHBA levels in milk and in a better recovery of milk measured every 6 weeks. Mohair measurements were carried out by
2
production. taking patch samples (10 x 10 cm ) from the mid-side area of the goat.
The analytical set consists of plasma copper concentrations (Pl Cu),
449 Calcium Levels and Some Biochemical Parameters in Lambs Trichloroacetic acid soluble copper concentrations (TCA-Cu), and
with White Muscle Disease ﬂeece copper content. The results indicated that the addition of 30 mg
Mo and 2.5g S /kg DM to the normal diet did produce sub clinical
S. Kozat copper deﬁciency. One such visual symptom was the loss of ﬂeeces
Yuzuncu Yil University, Ozalp Vocational High School, Özalp-Van, pigmentation and poorer crimp being observed. The results showed
Turkey that there was a signiﬁcant decrease in Pl Cu (P<0.5) along with a
signiﬁcant increase in thiomolybdate (MoS) production after 4 months.
White Muscle Disease (WMD) or Muscular dystrophy is a nutritional The Pl Cu minus TCA-Cu plasma became more than 2 µM in the blood
and enzootic disease of lambs that is characterized by muscle of treated goat, indicating that there was a signiﬁcant thiomolybdate
degenerations. In muscle dystrophy, the total calcium values are formation in the body. The signs of copper deﬁciency are likely to be
elevated. This study tested the hypothesis whether serum calcium from thiomolybdate formation in the body, which reduced mohair
values change in WMD of lambs or not. 10 healthy and 15 WMD lambs quality in Merghoze goat.
of Akkaraman breed were included in the study. Prior to treatment (at Key words: copper deﬁciency, molybdenum, sulphur, ﬁber, Goat
day 0), serum calcium values of lambs with WMD were higher than
those of healthy control group (P <0.01). Similarly, prior to the 452 An Investigation of Zinc Deﬁciency Effects in the Nutrition of
treatment the CK, LDH, AST, ALT, and ALP values in lambs with Holstein Heifer and Determine the Best Form Zinc
WMD were signiﬁcantly higher compared to those of control (P Supplements for its Composition
<0.001, P <0.001, P <0.001, P <0.01 and P <0.05, respectively). After
treatment (at day 30), none of the parameters were signiﬁcantly M. Salehpour, M. Hajipour
different than healthy controls (P >0.05). In addition to biochemical Islamic Azad University, Roudehen Branch, Agriculture College,
parameters mentioned above, simultanous serum calcium values were Roudehen, Iran
elevated in WMD lambs.
Key words: White muscle disease, lamb, calcium, biochemical A 100-d study was conducted to determine zinc concentration of
parameters nutrition and it interaction effects on serum zinc concentration
”immune system” health and daily weight gain and also for
450 Evaluation of Whole Cottonseed as Effective Fiber Source in determining the best mineral supplements of zinc absorption(zinc
Early Lactating Holstein Cows sulphate and oxide)on 24 Holstein heifers with average age if 6 month
and weight163 kg in completely randomizes design(CRD) and a 2*2
1 2
M. Salehpour , H. Amnalou factorial experiment form including 4 treatments consisting six heifers
1
Islamic Azad University ,Roudehen Branch, Agriculture College, in the vertical integration of Babol Gavedasht in Mazandaran province.
Tehran, Iran The amount of zinc fed animals in all treatments including two
2
University of Zanjan, Animal Science Department, Zanjan, Iran levels and two factors(one equals zinc sulfate and the other zinc oxide)
and ration of fed have formulated in a way that energy , protein and all
Twelve Holstein cows in early lactation were used imbalanced nutrients except zinc were similar. The results of experiments indicate
changeover design to evaluated the effect of replacing alfalfa Neutral that about 70% of feeds have relative deﬁciency of zinc but no sings of
Detergent Fiber (NDF) with NDF from whole cottonseed at deferent deﬁciency including allopecia, parakeratosis, decrease of appetite and
levels (0,7,14,20) on dry matter bases that replaced to alfalfa hay. The hock inﬂammation. Also, the results show there was no signiﬁcance
diets were similar as crude protein and neutral detergent ﬁber on dry between zinc supplements have been seen during the whole period
base. Cows fed with total mixed ration individually. Dry matter intake particularly and twenty eight day of experiment but fed zinc
and milk yields were higher for cows fed high whole cottonseed supplements has been signiﬁcant especially zinc sulphate levels in the
(14,20%) diets than for that alfalfa control diet. High whole cottonseed amounts of zinc in blood serum.
diet had best efﬁciency. Milk fat percentage and milk fat yield were
highest for high whole cottonseed diets, but no signiﬁcant difference 453 The Effect of Selenium and Vitamin E Administration to
were found among the another milk composition compound (protein, Heifers during the Late Stage of Pregnancy on Copper and
lactose and SNF). Milk component yields were signiﬁcant difference Zinc Status
(p<0.05). Rumen pH and fecal pH were affected not signiﬁcantly by
1 1 2
experimental diets. Chewing activity increased linearly when increased M. Moeini , E. Mikaeili , A. Kyanei
1
whole cottonseed percentage. Increased whole cottonseed percentage Razi University, Animal Science, Kermanshah, Iran
2
associated increased physically effective ﬁber. Digestibility results Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Medicin, Kermanshah, Iran
were indicated that control diet and 7 percentage whole cottonseed
diets had highest dry matter digestibility (p<0.05), But organic matter, This study was conducted to determine the effect of injection of
crude protein and NDF digestibility were not affected signiﬁcant selenium and vitamin E to pregnant heifers at the last stage of gestation
among diets. Daily weight gain and body condition score change were on serum Se, Cu, Zn and Fe status. Fifty Holstein heifers were

Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders 17

Proceedings of the 25th World Buiatrics Congress, 2008 - Budapest, Hungary
Reprinted in IVIS with the permission of the Congress Organizers Close window to return to IVIS

randomly assigned to one of ﬁve treatments. Four and two weeks injection of vitamin D3 once before calving and three times after calving
before expected calving, the heifers were injected intramuscularly 0 ml with interval of seven days. The experiment was carried out on the three
(T0), 10 ml (T1), 20 ml (T2), 30 ml (T3), 40 ml (T4) selenium and groups of cows of Black-and-White breed, 5-6-years-old age, in a winter-
vitamin E respectively. The control (C) group received no supplement. spring period. The cows of ﬁrst group, to which vitamin D did not
Blood samples were collected from heifers four weeks before expected injection governed as control. To the cows of 2-nd and 3-rd groups the
calving and at calving day. Blood samples of calves were drowning vitamin D3 was injected intramuscularly in abovementioned doses. In
from the jugular vein at birth and 7 days of age. Serum concentrations blood the level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, the concentration of calcium,
of Se were determined using hydride generation Atomic absorption magnesium, inorganic phosphorus, the activity of total alkaline
Spectrophotometer. The result indicated that the serum concentration phosphatase and its isoenzymes at 3-5 days before calving, 5-7 days and
of Se, Cu and Fe increased in T3 and T4 treatment heifers at calving 55-60 days after calving were determined. It was established, that the
day but no change seen in serum concentration of Zn. Serum Cu content of 25-OH D3 in the blood serum of cows of 1-st, 2-nd and 3-rd
concentrations in calves of treated groups increased at birth and ﬁrst groups at 3-5 days before calving was correspondently: 18,75; 25,95 and
week of age but was not signiﬁcantly different. The serum 32,85 nmol/l, and at 5-7 days after calving 15,83; 20,83 and 31,88 nmol/l.
concentration of Cu and Fe increased in calves of heifers given Se and At 55-60 day after calving the concentration of 25-OH D3 in blood serum
vitamin E compound esp. in T3 and T4 treatments but the serum of cows was the greatest and varied from 20,48 till 35,0 nmol/l. Thus in
concentration of Zn decreased. It seems that the Zn: Cu and Zn: Fe the cows blood of 2-nd and 3-rd groups before and after calving dose
ratios be disturbed which lead to Zn reduction. It can be concluded that dependence increase of concentration of calcium of total, protein-linked
Zn should be supplemented when more than 40 mg/Kg Dm and ultra-ﬁltrates was observed. The concentration of magnesium in the
administered to pregnant heifers. blood of cows of 3-rd group in the 5-7 day after calving was statistically
Key words: Zn, Cu, Se, interaction, heifers signiﬁcantly higher about 19%, and in the 55-60 day about 6 %,
comparatively with the control. At the same time, in the blood of cows of
454 Effect of Mixed Enzymes on Alfalfa Hay Nutritive Value 2-nd and 3-rd groups, comparatively with the control group, dose
Using in vitro Gas Production and in situ Techniques dependence increase of concentration of inorganic phosphorus and
decrease of the activity of alkaline phosphatase and its isoenzymes (bone
B. Baghbanzadeh Nobari, A. Taghizadeh, H. Janmohamadi, and intestinal) was observed. Parenteral injection of cholecalciferol to
S. Alijani, H. Paya, G. Moghadam cows before and after calving maintained the level of 25-OH Vit D3 and
Dept. of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, effected on the exchange of mineral components of blood, that prevents
Tabriz, Iran the decrease of their level in postparturient period. The character of these
changes depend on the physiological state of cows and on the doses of
Fibrolytic enzymes are typically cellulase that degrade cellulose or vitamin D3.
xylanase that act on hemicellulose (Beauchemin et al., 1995). Enzymes Key words: cows, prepartum, postpartum, calcium, 25-hydroxy-
applied to forages immediately before incubation enhance the digestion cholecalciferol
of dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent ﬁber (NDF) suggesting that
ﬁbrolytic enzymes applied at feeding can improve digestion in 457 Clinical and Subclinical Cases of Phosphorus Deﬁciency and
ruminants. Hypophosphatemia in Egyptian Buffaloes
1 2 3
455 Changes of Serum Parameters in Monensin-contained Diet of H. Morsy , A. Sheikh , M. El-gamal
1
Gezel Sheep Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Department
of Animal Nutrition, Ismailia, Egypt
1 2 1 2
B. Baghbanzadeh Nobari , A. Rezapour , P. Namavar , Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Nutrition,
2
G. Moghadam Ismailia, Egypt
1 3
Dept. of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Nutrition,
Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran Cairo, Egypt
2
Dept. of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad
University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran The correlationship between food intake, hypophosphatemia, blood
contents, pregnancy and health condition were done in 35 bufalloes 2-
Five Gezel male lamb treated with 4 levels of monensin (0, 10, 30, and 4 months before parturation at 7-9 years old (9 healthy as a control,12
60 mg/kg of diet) in a change-over design. Blood samples were taken with clinical and 14 with subclincal hypophosphatemia according to
one hour before and 2 hrs after feeding. Serum was separated and blood , serum and feed analysis and clinical examination).
freezed up to analysis. Serum levels of glucose, beta-hydroxy-butyrate, Analysis of feed stuff revealed a lower level of phosphorous, a higher
triacylglycerol, total protein, albumin (albumin/ globulin), and blood level of calcium and molybdenum with a normal level of copper.
urea nitrogen (BUN) was measured by colorimetric methods. Clinical cases of hypophosphatemia showed normal temperature,
Considering liver health, serum activity of AST, ALP, and GGT was elevated pulse and respiration, sluggish rumen movement, depraved
measured. Ruminal ﬂuid sample was taken for pH analysis appetite, pica, dullness, emaciation, red haemoglobin urine and pale or
(ruminocynthesis). Total and differential white blood cell count and sometimes icteric mucosus membrane.
phagocytosis test undertaken. Results of this study showed that The subclinical cases showed a normal temperature, pulse, respiration,
monensin in a level of at least 30 mg/kg of diet could effectively inhibit depraved appetite, dullness and sometimes locomotors disturbances.
acidosis occurrence. Acidosis has a negative effect on appetite; acidotic The blood level of hemoglobin content and PCV were signiﬁcantly
animals have lower levels of glucose in serum. But, monensin does not decreased in clinical cases only.
have any independent positive effect on serum glucose. Even two-folds Serum levels of inorganic phosphorous was highly signiﬁcant
of this dosage had no negative effect on liver. Monensin does not any decreased with a decrease of serum copper level in clinical cases and
stimulatory effect on natural immunity either independently or dose- signiﬁcantly decreased of phosphorous in subclinical cases. Serum
dependently. Generally staying, monensin may be inhibiting acidosis calcium and molybdenum levels were signiﬁcantly increased in clinical
elated complications such as natural immune depression. cases and slightly increased in subclinical cases. Serum magnesium,
Key words: gezel, immunity, monensin, sheep sodium, potassium and chloride showed a non signiﬁcant changes in
clinical and subclinical cases.
456 D-vitamin Status of Cows in Preparturient and Treatment with Sodium dibasic phosphate (60 gm diluted in 300 ml
Postparturient Periods under Injection of Cholecalciferol distilled water was given 4 times within 12 hours intervals, The ﬁrst
injection was intravenous, the others was subcutaneous) as well as
1 1 2
L. Yuskiv , B. Kurtiak , V. Vlizlo daily 20 ml catozal intravenous and 250 gm bran and 10 gm copper
1
Institute of Animal Biology UAAS, Cattle Nutrition, Lviv, Ukraine sulphate per os in food for one week was satisfy for treatment the
2
Institute of Animal Biology UAAS, Scientiﬁc Center for Prion clinical cases. Subclinical cases were treated with oral daily of 30 gm
Infections Study, Lviv, Ukraine sodium dibasic phosphate, 125 gm of bone meal and 2-4 kilogram of
brain for a period of one month. Correction of feed supply was helpful
The aim of our work was the investigation of inﬂuence of different doses and advised in both cases. It is concluded that diet, blood and serum
(210 and 420 IU D3/kg body weight) of vitamin D3 on vitamins status of analysis and the general health condition were helpful for diagnosis of
cows in preparturient and postparturient periods under the parenteral clinical and subclinical hypophosphatemia in pregnant buffaloes,

18 XXV. Jubilee World Buiatrics Congress 2008

Proceedings of the 25th World Buiatrics Congress, 2008 - Budapest, Hungary
Reprinted in IVIS with the permission of the Congress Organizers Close window to return to IVIS

correction of diet and phosphorus supplement was useful for treatment the total and differential WBC count were signiﬁcantly higher in the
and prevention of hypophophatemia. dairy cows belonging to the farms affected by SARA.

458 Ketosis in Dairy Cows under Obligatory Reduction of Feed 460 Effect of Dietary Buffer Addition on the Concentrations of
Intake Trans-18:1 Fatty Acids and Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA)
in the Milk of Dairy Cows
1 2 3
A. Elsheikh , T. Allam , H. Morsy
1
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Medicine, Zagazig, Egypt, I. Vudmaska, O. Golubets, V. Vlizlo
Egypt Institute of Animal Biology UAAS, Cattle Nutrition, Lviv, Ukraine
2
Animal Health Research Institute,Zagazig, Animal Medicine,
Zagazig,Egypt, Egypt CLA and some trans-18:1 fatty acids (trans-10 and trans-11 18:1) have
3
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Nutrition been shown to promote health-related effects in human and animals,
and Clinical Nutrition, Ismailia, Egypt including anticarcinogenic and antiatherogenic effects and effects on
body composition and fat metabolism. The objective of this study was to
Clinical ﬁndings, post-mortem, laboratory examination of blood serum determine the effects of varying amounts of dietary concentrate and
and urine as well as milk production and body weight were done in buffer addition on incorporation of trans-18:1 fatty acids into milk fat
lactating Friesian cows subjected to a reduction of food intake at the and on synthesis of CLA by the mammary cells. The effect of
ﬁrst and second month of parturition. concentrate to forage ratio and buffer (sodium bicarbonate)
Clinical symptoms included loss of body weight, dehydration, sunk supplementation on milk fat composition in Holstein cows was
eyes, reduction of milk production, crossing of fore limb, lameness, objective of study. The 3 diets were examined: 80:20 concentrate to
constipation, ketoneuria and acetone odour were appeared within 3-7 forage ratio, and 50:50 forage to concentrate ratio with (1% of DM) and
weeks after restriction of food intake. without sodium bicarbonate. The fatty acid proﬁle was determined by
Post-mortem of dead or emergency slaughtered cows showed a yellow GLC, using a 100-m SP-2560 capillary column (Supelco, Inc.). Cows
gelatinous foamy ﬂuid inside and around visceral organs, oedema of fed high-concentrate diet have lower ruminal pH (6.14). The addition of
pericardium, and intestine. Enlargement greasy and fatty degeneration buffer to this diet has prevented this effect (pH 6.72). Low ruminal pH
of liver which was easily perforated on pressure. appears to be a factor that results in the inhibition of the some steps of
Serum levels of ketone bodies and total lipids were significantly FA bio-hydrogenation that convert of unsaturated fatty acids to stearic
increases meanwhile serum levels of glucose, total protein, calcium, acid. Altered ruminal function resulting from low ruminal pH for cows
phosphorus and magnesium were significantly decreased. It is fed the high-concentrate diet may play a role in the increased production
concluded that prolonged feed restriction causes chronic wasting of trans-18:1 fatty acids in the rumen. Milk trans-18:1 fatty acids were
form of ketosis, serous complication and severe economic loss higher for cows fed the high-concentrate diet without buffer than for
among dairy cows due to sharp drop of milk production and loss of cows fed the low-concentrate diet without buffer and high-concentrate
body weight. diet with buffer (5.52 % vs. 4.66 % and 4.71 %). The milk trans-10 18:1;
trans-11 18:1; trans-10, cis-12 18:2 and cis-9, trans-11 18:2
459 RBC and WBC Counts in Lactating Dairy Cows Affected by concentrations in cows fed the low-concentrate diet, high-concentrate
Subacute Ruminal Acidosis diet without buffer and high-concentrate diet with buffer were 0.23,
1.76, 0.34 %; 3.36, 2.12, 3.13 %; 0.05, 0.16, 0.08 % and 1.21, 0.87,
1 1 1 2
M. Morgante , M. Gianesella , C. Cannizzo , P. Dalvit , 1.28 %. At the same time, concentration of the 18:0, total 18:1, total 18:2
1 1 2
M. Gatto , LM. Coppola , L. Moro and total 18:3 fatty acids in the milk of cows fed these diets were 10.02,
1
Universita’ degli Studi di Padova, Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche 11.28, 10.71 %; 23.26, 28.90, 26.91 %; 3.19, 3.68, 3.57 % and 1.38,
Veterinarie, Legnaro (PD), Italy 0.92, 0.67 %.The milk fat concentration was lower for cows fed the
2
Istituto Zooproﬁlattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro (PD), high-concentrate diet without buffer (3.04 % vs. 3.74 % for cows fed
Italy low-concentrate diet). Supplementation of high-concentrate diet with
sodium bicarbonate has elevated the milk fat to 3.78 %.
The inﬂuence of subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) on ruminal Key words: cows, milk, trans-18:1 fatty acids, CLA, sodium
microbiology has received considerable attention, but less is known bicarbonate, pH
about systemic manifestations that arise from SARA probably because
it is well known that variables such as breed, stage of growth, 461 Cytokine Synthesis in Calves Fed with the Feedingstuffs
reproductive status, and stage of lactation have an inﬂuence on many Supplemented by Tylosine or Prebiotics
blood parameters. The aim of this study was to investigate possible
changes in some haematological parameters in dairy cows affected by M. Szymanska-Czerwinska, D. Bednarek
SARA. During autumn 2007 the study was carried out on 12 highly National Veterinary Research Institute, Department of Cattle and
productive farms, stationed in different zones throughout northern Sheep Diseases, Pulawy, Poland, Poland
Italy. In all farms, 12 cows in early lactation, in good body condition
and without clinical signs of disease were selected randomly from each The aim of the study was to examine the effect of tylosine and
herd, to perform rumenocentesis and obtain rumen ﬂuid. Blood prebiotics (mannan-oligosacharides and ‚-glucans) on the cytokine
samples for hematological proﬁles were obtained from the same cows synthesis in calves. The calves were fed with feedingdstuffs
that had rumenocentesis performed by jugular venipuncture. The herds supplemented either by tylosine (group I) or prebiotics (group II). The
were divided into 3 groups depending on the mean rumen pH: group A calves in group III served as the controls. The additives, i. e. tylosine
farms with pH>5.8 (normal), group B pH between 5.6 and 5.8 (critical) and prebiotics were used in a form of commercial pharmaceutical
and group C, pH<5.6 (acidosis). Data were statistically analyzed by preparations: Tylan (Elanco) and Alphamune (Alpharma),
analysis of variance to verify the effect of the group. The 3 groups were respectively. The experimental calves were fed with traditional
homogeneous for average dry matter intake and all the animals were on feedingstuffs supplemented either by tylosine in a recommended dose
absence of external clinical signs of disease. Day in milk (DIM) and of 700 mg of the active substance per animal (group I) or prebiotics (‚ -
body condition score (BCS) were not statistical different (p<0.05) in 3 glucans and mannan-oligosaccharides) in dose 14 g per animal (group
groups: in particular dairy herds show an average of 35±19, 28±16 and II). The animals in group III served as the controls and received the
32±18 of DIM and an average of 3.02±0.29, 3.07 ±0.22 and 3.06 ±0.18 same feedingstuffs without the additives. The both kinds of
of BCS for group A, B and C, respectively. RBC counts, HGB, HCT, feedingstuffs were given to the calves for seven weeks. Blood samples
RDW, PLT and MPV were not signiﬁcantly different in three groups, from calves were taken twice a week by the jugular vein puncture
whereas the concentration of total WBC increased statistically (6.62 before the calf morning feeding. Duration of the blood collection was 7
3
±1.73, 6.84±1.91 and 8.73 ±1.98 10 /µl) in group A, B and C, weeks too. The following cytokines were assayed: interleukin 1 (IL-1),
respectively. In particular dairy herds show an average differential 2 (IL-2), interferon (IFN) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF). The
3
WBC counts of 2.8±0.94, 3.4 ±1.01 and 3.8 ±0.96 10 /µl of cytokines were investigated in the calves serum using: ELISA tests and
3
neutrophils, 2.4±0.64, 2.6 ±0.71 and 2.9 ±0.69 10 /µl of lymphocytes biological method by Daniluk and Kandafer-Szerszen. The obtained
3
and 0.34 ±0.02, 0.23 ±0.01 and 0.22 ±0.01 10 /µl of basophils for results showed, that in blood sera of calves the concentration of
group A, B and C, respectively. These data suggest that modiﬁcations cytokines signiﬁcantly increased in both experimental group (I and II).
of some haematological parameters can be observed and in particular However, the signiﬁcant higher increase of the concentration was

Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders 19

Proceedings of the 25th World Buiatrics Congress, 2008 - Budapest, Hungary
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observed in group II of the animals treated with prebiotics. According from each herd, to perform rumenocentesis and obtain rumen ﬂuid. At the
to the data presenting in the literature ‚-glucans and tylosine are same time blood samples for haemogasanalysis were obtained by jugular
considered as powerful immunostimulators of macrophages and other venipuncture from the same cows that had rumenocentesis. The herds
immune effector cells (e.g. monocytes, neutrophiles, NK etc.) mainly were divided into three groups depending on the mean rumen pH: group
by binding with their speciﬁc receptors (CR3, TLR, CD16/CD18 etc.) A counted farms with average ruminal pH > 5.8 (normal), group B
situated on a surface of the cells and activated them. included farms with average ruminal pH between 5.6 and 5.8 (critical),
Key words: tylosine, prebiotics, cytokines, calves and in group C, dairy farms presented an average ruminal pH < 5.6
(acidosis). Data were statistically analyzed by analysis of variance to
462 Effects of Omentopexy on Tbars and Plasma Frap in Dairy verify the effect of the group. The three groups were homogeneous for
Cows with Left/Right Abomasal Displacement average dry matter intake and all the animals were on absence of external
clinical signs of disease. Blood bicarbonates, pH and partial pressure of
1 2
P. Mudron , J. Rehage CO2 didn’t show signiﬁcant differences but oxyhemoglobin (%O2 Hb),
1
University of Veterinary Medicine, Clinic for Rminants, Kosice, partial pressure of O2 (pO2), calculated and measured oxygen saturation
Slovakia (sO2c and sO2m) were signiﬁcantly different. In particular %O2 Hb was
2
University of Veterinary Medicine Hanover, Foundation, Clinic for 70.73±8.52, 66.25±8.95, 64.92±8.63 - pO2 was 41.18±5.03, 33.43±4.95,
ruminants, Hanover, Germany 34.67±5.01 mmHg - %sO2c was 76.70±7.97, 64.31±7.88, 66.57±7.84 -
%sO2m was 70.80±8.64, 66.19±8.05, 64.96±8.95 in group A, B and C
Objective of study: Higher levels of free radicals and reactive oxygen respectively. These data suggest that cow attended by SARA probably
species can result in a damage of biological macromolecules and don’t have any problem in acid-base equilibrium but this condition could
tissues. Therefore, the present investigation was aimed to study the be related with some problems in blood oxygenation status.
effects of omtopexy stress on thiobarbituric acid reactive substances
(TBARS) and ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) in dairy cows 464 Effect of Yea-Sacc 1026 Supplementation on Productive
suffering from the left and right abomasal displacement (LAD and Response of Dairy Cows Fed Corn Silage-based Diets during
RAD, respectively). Summer
Material and methods: Ten H-F dairy cows, (5.26 years), admitted for
1 1 2 3 4
treatment of left abomasal displacement (omentopexy), were used in our V. Novais R. Cabrita , C. Gomes , J. Fonseca , S. Andrieu
1
study. Blood samples were drawn from the jugular vein prior to surgery, Universidade do Porto, Centro de Estudos de Ciencia Animal,
immediately and then 15, 30, 60, 90 minutes, and 2, 5, 10, and 24 hours Porto, Portugal
2
after reposition of abomasum. In the study on the right abomasal Cooperative Agricola de Vila do Conde CRL, Vila do Conde,
displacement ten H-F dairy cows, (4.74 years), admitted for treatment of Portugal
3
right abomasal displacement, were used. Abdominal surgery Universidade do Porto, ICBAS, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas de
(omentopexy) was performed in a standing position 1-2 hours after Abel Salazar, Porto, Portugal
4
admission. The average surgery duration was 26.1 minutes (without Alltech, Biotechnology Centre, Dunboyne, Ireland
anaesthesia). Blood samples were drawn from the jugular vein in the same
intervals as in the cows with the left abomasal displacement. Objectives of study: The objectives of the study was to evaluate the
Results: LAD Surgical stress resulted in a signiﬁcant increase in plasma effects of Yea-Sacc®1026 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae CBS 493.94,
cortisol concentrations (p<0.001) with the highest mean levels 15 minutes Alltech) supplementation on feed intake and performance of dairy
after surgery (32.4±18.1 µg/l) as well as in serum levels of glucose (p<001) cows fed corn silage-based diets during summer in Portugal.
and NEFA (p<0.001). Similarly, surgery transiently enhanced the levels of Materials and methods: Effects of Yea-Sacc®1026 on feed intake and
TBARS (p<0.001). The highest TBARS plasma levels (0.91±0.18 µmol/l) productive response of dairy cows fed corn silage-based diets were
were recognized 60 minutes after reposition of abomasums. There were no evaluated in an randomized complete block design experiment, using
signiﬁcant differences in FRAP in dairy cows before and after reposition of 12 Holstein cows. Animals were fed a diet comprising (dry matter
abomasum. RAD ANOVA showed signiﬁcant changes in plasma cortisol basis) 42% corn silage, 8% coarsely chopped ryegrass hay, and 50%
concentrations within the study (p<0.05). In contrast, both TBARS concentrate (mixture of raw-materials) without (Control) or with 1 g
and FRAP were not signiﬁcantly affected. Yea-Sacc®1026 _per kg (Yea-Sacc). Experiment lasted for 35 days.
Conclusion: The data of the trial with the left abomasal displacement During the ﬁrst seven days, cows were fed the control diet (covariate
indicate that stress reaction caused by surgical correction of left period). At the end of the covariate period, cows were blocked by 4%-
displacement of abomasum can be associated with higher production of fat corrected milk, parity number, and days in milk in six blocks of two
TBARS. Although the data of cows with the right abomasal animals each, and randomly assigned to one of the two treatments
displacement indicate that stress reaction caused by surgical correction (Control and Yea-Sacc). The experiment was carried out during June
(omentopexy) of the right abomasal displacement is not strong enough and July 2006, mean maximum and minimum daily barn temperatures
to overwhelm the stress response to pre-surgical events (transport, being 28 °C (SD = 4.6 °C) and 18 °C (SD = 3.2 °C), respectively.
sickness, new environment), in generally, stressful events seem to be Results: Yea-Sacc®1026 supplementation did not affect dry matter
able to lift lipid peroxidation at the higher levels. (DM) intake (19.6 and 20.4 kg DM/day, respectively for Control and
Yea-Sacc), but tended to increase milk production (P=0.072; 30.6 and
463 Blood Gas Parameters in Dairy Cow Affected by Subacute 33.0 kg/day, respectively for Control and Yea-Sacc) and milk protein
Ruminal Acidosis production (P=0.096; 0.82 and 0.88 kd/day, respectively for Control
and Yea-Sacc), and decreased milk lactose content (P=0.083). Plasma
1 1 1 2
M. Morgante , C. Cannizzo , M. Gianesella , P. Dalvit , urea concentration did not differ between treatments.
1 1 2
F. Bevilacqua , L. Coppola , A. Stefani Conclusions: Results show that the addition of Yea-Sacc1026 increase
1
University of Padua, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, milk production and milk protein production of dairy cows fed corn
Legnaro (Pd), Italy silage-based diets subjected to relatively high environmental
2
Istituto Zooproﬁlattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro (Pd), temperatures. The cost/beneﬁt ratio of using Yea-Sacc was 1:4
Italy (according to feed costs in Cooperativa Agrícola de Vila do Conde,
Portugal, in June 2006).
Subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) may be a common and economically Key words: dairy cow, milk production, heat stress, live yeast
important problem for dairy cattle but clinical signs of SARA in a dairy
herd can be subtle and easily overlooked. The diagnosis of SARA in a 465 Effect of a Modiﬁed Glucomannan Fraction from Yeast Cell
herd or a group, is difﬁcult and the technique greatly employed is the Wall Extract (Mycosorb) on Milk Production in Dairy Herds
measurement of ruminal pH in a subsample of cows. According several in South Italy
researchers rumenocentesis may be useful for the collection of rumen
1 2
ﬂuid for pH determination but this technique is often too difﬁcult in ﬁeld M. Agovino , S. Andrieu
1
conditions. The aim of this trial was to study an alternative method of Alltech, Biotechnology Centre, Dunboyne, Ireland
2
diagnosis of SARA, particularly by the evaluation of some hematological Alltech, Alltech Italia, Bologna, Italy
parameters, especially blood gas. During autumn 2007 twelve farms have
been monitored: in all farms, twelve cows in early lactation, in good body Objectives of the study: The objective of this study was to evaluate
condition and without clinical signs of disease were selected randomly the effect of a modiﬁed glucomannan fraction from yeast cell wall

20 XXV. Jubilee World Buiatrics Congress 2008

Proceedings of the 25th World Buiatrics Congress, 2008 - Budapest, Hungary
Reprinted in IVIS with the permission of the Congress Organizers Close window to return to IVIS

extract (Mycosorb®, Alltech Inc.) on milk quality (SCC, % fat & composition has numerous effects on milk quality, including its
protein) and quantity. physiological properties (e.g. melting point and hardness of butter,
Materials and methods: The study was conducted on dairy cow herds fractionation of milk fat) as well as its nutritional properties (e.g. potential
where visual observations indicated the presence of mycotoxin positive and negative effects on human health). Some FA, such as butyric
contaminated forage. The study was conducted on 2 dairy farms. The total acid, oleic acid, polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) and conjugated linoleic acid
milk production and milk composition was recorded for the total trial (CLA) have potential anticarcinogenic and antiatherogenic effects on
period. The trial was conducted near Rome, Italy. The trial was done on a human health. Other FA such as some saturated FA (lauric, myristic and
“before and after” basis with production ﬁgures being compared before palmitic acids) and some trans FA, (e.g. elaidic acid) have potential
and after the inclusion of Mycosorb Farm Pak. (including Mycosorb at negative effects on human health by increasing blood LDL-cholesterol.
20% on a carrier). Mycosorb Farm Pak was distributed at 100 g/head/days Trans fatty acids (tFA) are produced during biohydrogenation of PUFA in
for the ﬁrst 10 days and 50 g/head/day after until the end of the trial. the rumen and are incorporated into the milk fat of lactating cows. There
Results: FARM 1The trial was conducted with 83 lactating Holstein- has been intensive research on trans FA, mainly on the effects of speciﬁc
Friesian cows. The basal diet consisted of corn silage, Ryegrass hay, isomers of trans C18:1 that can be found in dairy products and
alfalfa hay, maize meal, feed concentrate (31% crude protein), soybean margarines. The major tFA found in milk is vaccenic acid (trans-11
meal and peas. The total milk production and milk composition was C18:1), which appears to have mainly beneﬁcial effects on human health.
recorded for 5 months: ﬁrst 2 month without Mycosorb and There is also interest in the role of tFA in the milk fat depressing effects of
consecutive 3 months with Mycosorb in the diet. Mycosorb inclusion certain dairy diets containing low ﬁber or ﬁsh oil. However, the exact
increased milk yield by 1.5 l/h/d while stage of lactation remained mechanisms of this phenomenon remain unclear. Economically, milk fat
identical; protein percentage (3.36% vs 3.41%) and fat percentage depression has a great impact, causing important losses to dairy
(3.71% vs 3.97%) while somatic cell count (SCC) was reduced (529 vs producers. Recently, however, there has been interest in milk fat
196, x1000 cells/ml). FARM 2The trial was conducted with 74 depression as a possible strategy to maintain energy balance and thereby
lactating Holstein-Friesian cows. The basal diet consisted of corn improve reproductive performance of dairy cattle. Because milk fat
silage, ryegrass hay, alfalfa hay, feed concentrate (21% crude protein). contains a complex mixture of FA, the research challenge is to improve
The total milk production and milk composition was recorded for 12 the FA proﬁle for human health without compromising the physical
months: 3 months without Mycosorb followed by 3 months with properties of milk or the metabolism and performance of the cow.
Mycosorb in the diet and then again 3 months without Mycosorb. With
Mycosorb in the diet, SCC decreased (430 vs 288, x1000 cells/ml) and 468 The Concentrations of Zn, Cu, Mn and Se in Milk in Relation
increased again (288 vs 598, x1000 cells/ml) after the removal of to Daily Milk Production and Stage of Lactation of Dairy
Mycosorb. Mycosorb inclusion increased milk yield by 2 l/h/d without Cattle
change in stage of lactation at herd level.
Conclusions: In conclusion, the inclusion of Mycosorb into the diet A. Pechová, L. Pavlata, R. Dvorák
can be used to alleviate mycotoxins negative impact on productive University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Clinic of
performance and milk composition. Ruminants, Brno, Czech Republic
Key words: dairy cows, milk production, mycotoxins
The concentrations of microelements in dairy milk are studied especially
466 Effects of Increasing Prepartum Dietary Protein Level Using in connection with nutrition of children. There is only little information
Poultry by-product Meal on Productive Performance and about factors, which effect the concentration of various trace elements in
Health of Multiparous Holstein Dairy Cows milk. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of daily milk
production and stage of lactation on the concentrations of zinc (Zn),
1 1 2
F. Kaﬁlzadeh , M. Yazdi , H. Amanloo copper (Cu), manganese (Mn) and selenium (Se) in cow’s milk. The
1
Razi University, Department of Animal Science, Kermanshah, Iran experiment was carried out in dairy farm of Holstein cattle with average
2
University of Zanjan, Department of Animal Science, Zanjan, Iran milk production 8,562 kg. It was included 35 dairy cows, which was
housed in one division. The sampling of blood and milk was realized two
The effects of two levels of crude protein (CP) using poultry by-product times in the course of four weeks. All experimental cows were fed on
meal fed during late gestation on the performance, blood metabolites, stable total mixed ration during whole period. The concentration of
some reproductive parameters and colostrum composition of Holstein microelements in daily ration was following: Zn 105 mg/kg, Cu 17
cows was studied. Sixteen multiparous cows 26±6 d before calving were mg/kg, Mn 66 mg/kg, Se 0.4 mg/kg of dry matter. The determination of
assigned to one of the two diets in a randomized block design to evaluate single trace elements was carried out with atomic absorption
the effects of two isocaloric diets containing either 14 or 16 % crude spectrophotometry: F-AAS (Zn and Cu in serum, Zn in milk), ETA-AAS
protein. Postpartum diet was similar in both groups through wk 3 of (Mn in blood, Mn and Cu in milk), HG-AAS (Se in blood and milk). The
lactation. Yields of milk, protein, lactose, fat, and SNF were not affected daily milk production varied from 19.6 l to 62.6 l with the average 36.6 l
by prepartum crude protein level. Colostrum composition (fat%, CP% of milk. In term of stage of lactation there were results from 7 to 188 days
and Total solids%) blood metabolites (Ca, Glucose, Total protein, of lactation (the average 105.4 days). The concentrations of single trace
Albumin, Globulin, Urea N and Cholesterol), some of the reproductive elements in blood/serum show that the supplementation of trace elements
performance indexes (Pregnancy duration, Days open, First AI, service was adequate. The concentrations were following: Zn (serum)
per conception, First service Conception rate%, and Pregnancy rate%), 1063.9±181.1 µg/l, Cu 826.8±138.1 µg/l, Mn 14.0±3.2 µg/l and Se
and disease incidence were not inﬂuenced by prepartum crude protein 183.8±29.6 µg/l. The concentrations of trace elements in milk widely
level. Colostrum fat percent was signiﬁcantly affected (P<0.04). There varied and we found the following dates: Zn 3855.2±814.7 µg/l; Cu
was no signiﬁcant difference in body weight and BCS in cows received 36.3±14.4 µg/l; Mn 20.1±8.3 µg/l; Se 28.6±7.1 µg/l. The relations
the two different diets. Prepartum blood urea N concentrations were between daily milk production and concentration of Zn, Mn and Se were
elevated in the cows fed 16 % CP diets prepartum (P<0.02). Serum not statistically signiﬁcant. Only copper concentration in milk correlates
cholesterol during prepartum and postpartum periods was signiﬁcantly signiﬁcantly (r=-0.302, p<0.05). The relations between stage of lactation
different in the two groups of cows. In general except reduced fat in and milk concentration of trace elements were closer. We found positive
colostrum and increased blood glucose level in cows received 16% CP in correlation for Mn (r=0.419, p<0.01) and on the contrary negative
diets it seems feeding 16% had no other obvious advantages over 14% correlation for Cu (r=-0.258, p<0.05) and Se (r=-0.277, p<0.05). On the
protein in close up cows. basis of correlation analysis we did not ﬁnd signiﬁcant relations between
Key words: poultry by-product meal, dairy cow, close-up, protein concentrations of studied trace elements in milk and in blood/serum.
The work was realized with the support of MSM Project No.
467 Trans Fatty Acids in Milk of Dairy Cows 6215712402.
Key words: cows, microelements, blood
E. Vargas-Bello-Pérez, P. Garnsworthy
University of Nottingham, School of Biosciences, Loughborough, 469 Inﬂuence of Soybean Seeds and Hydrolyzed Palm Oil on the
United Kingdom Metabolism of Lactating Dairy Cows

Lipids obtained from dairy products are an important part of the human V. Lubojacká, A. Pechová, R. Dvorák, L. Pavlata
diet in many countries; nearly 75% of the total consumption of fat from University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Clinic of
ruminant animals comes from bovine milk fat. Milk fatty acid (FA) Ruminants, Brno, Czech Republic

Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders 21

Proceedings of the 25th World Buiatrics Congress, 2008 - Budapest, Hungary
Reprinted in IVIS with the permission of the Congress Organizers Close window to return to IVIS

The aim of the monitoring was to compare the inﬂuence of fat 471 Inﬂuence of a High Potassium Diet on Mineral
supplementation in the form of full-fat soybean seeds and hydrolyzed Concentrations in Blood and Urine and on Indicators for
palm oil as energy sources for the metabolism of dairy cows in early Early Detection of Acid-Base Changes in Dairy Cows
lactation. During the ﬁrst 8 lactation weeks, 17 dairy cows, divided into
1 1,2 1 2
experimental (E; n=8) and control (C; n=9) groups, were followed. The M. Rérat , A. Philipp , H. Hess , A. Liesegang
1
basic diet was the same for both groups. The differences were in the Agroscope Liebefeld-Posieux Research Station ALP, Posieux,
composition of the concentrate mixture, which had a balanced content Switzerland
2
of nutrients, but different source of fat. The group E received heat- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Vetsuisse Faculty, University Zürich,
treated soybean seeds (22% in concentrates) and the group Zürich, Switzerland
C hydrolyzed palm oil. The two diets started to be fed on the day of
st th th
calving. Blood samples were taken weekly (1 -5 ) and 8 weeks after The aim of this study was to determine the effect of two diets, fed during
delivery. At the end of the experiment was taken ruminal ﬂuid. During the transition period and differing in their potassium content, on mineral
the experiment BCS in both group worsened similarly. In group E concentrations in blood and urine around calving. Five weeks before
decreased from 3.8±0.2 to 3.3±0.3 and in Group C from 3.5±0.4 to calving, 12 cows were allocated to two groups (K35 and K15). During
3.1±0.4. The BCS of the group E was on average by 0.3 point higher the prepartum period, the cows of group K35 received a diet based on hay
than in group C, but the difference was not signiﬁcant. Despite this with high potassium content (35 g/kg DM) while the cows of group K15
unfavourable factor, a better performance of hepatic metabolism was received a diet based on hay with low potassium content (15 g/kg DM).
proved in the group E. In this group lower concentrations of non- The two diets differed only in their potassium content. The dietary
rd
esteriﬁed fatty acids was identiﬁed in 3 (0.96±0.38 vs. 1.76±0.63 cation-anion balance (DCAB) of diets K15 and K35 was 209±18 and
-1 th -1
mmol.l ; p<0.01) and 8 (0.32±0.29 vs. 0.78±0.48 mmol.l ; p<0.05) 492±18 meq/kg DM, respectively. Blood and urine samples were taken
week after calving. The gamaglutamyltransferase activity in serum at the beginning of the trial; three, two, and one week before parturition;
indicates a better liver parenchyma condition in the group E where no three days before parturition; at parturition, and 24h after parturition.
increased activity was identiﬁed above the reference range. An Concentrations of minerals (Ca, P, Mg, Na, K, and Cl) were analyzed in
increased activity was identiﬁed in the group C from 2nd week with a blood and urine. Net-acid-base excretion (NABE), base-acid-quotient
nd
signiﬁcant difference between the groups detected in 2 (0.41±0.07 vs. (BAQ), and pH in urine were determined to observe changes in acid-base
-1 th -1
0.66±0.25 -kat.l ; p<0.05) and 4 (0.42±0.05 vs. 0.64±0.25 -kat.l ; homeostasis. No consistent differences in mineral concentrations in
p<0.05) weeks after delivery. There were no signiﬁcant differences blood and urine were observed between the two groups. Only the blood
found between groups in bilirubin and aspartate aminotransferase but a concentration of Mg in group K15 increased (P < 0.05) during the last
general tendency toward lower values is apparent in the group E. Based days before parturition and a signiﬁcantly (P < 0.05) higher urinary
on these results we can conclude that feeding higher amounts of full-fat excretion of potassium in group K35 from three weeks to three days
soya (22% in concentrates) does not have a negative effect on the dairy prepartum was observed. Urinary pH was signiﬁcantly lower in group
cow’s metabolism. Although lipomobilization syndrome has developed K15 three days before parturition than in group K35. In group K15 NABE
in both groups, a lower level of liver affection was diagnosed in the and BAQ were signiﬁcantly (P < 0.05) lower two weeks, one week and
dairy cows, which was fed heat-treated full-fat soybean seeds. three days before parturition than in group K35. These results showed that
The work was realized with the support of MSM Project No. the reduction of potassium content in the diet of dairy cows before
6215712402. parturition induced a change in acid-base homeostasis reducing the
Key words: cattle, fat metabolic alkalosis. The indicators NABE and BAQ showed this change
earlier than urine pH and could be useful tools to detect early changes in
470 Relationship between Metabolic Factors and Blood Chemistry acid-base status in the periparturient cow.
Level of Domestic Cow in Korea
472 The Concentration of Zinc in Goat´s Milk during Short Term
1 1 1 2 1 1
YJ. Do , TY. Hur , IS. Ryu , KW. Lee , SJ. Kang , CY. Choi , Supplementation of Different Forms of Zinc
1 1 3
YH. Jung , DS. Son , HR. Han
1
National Institue of Animal Science, Animal Resources A. Pechová, L. Mi_urová, L. Pavlata, R. Dvorák
Development, Cheonan, Korea, South University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Clinic of
2
Kyung Pook National University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ruminants, Brno, Czech Republic
Daegu, Korea, South
3
Seoul National University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul, The aim of this experiment was to study dynamics of changes in zinc
Korea, South concentration in goat milk after a short-term oral supplementation of three
organic and one inorganic form of zinc (Zn). Four different forms of Zn
There are many factors to have effect on metabolism of cow like milk supplementation were compared on ﬁfth groups of lactating goats (32
productive quantity, the number of milking days, parturition times, etc. animals as total). The ﬁrst group was used as control (C, n=7), the second
To get the basis of the study about metabolic disease of domestic cow (L, n=6) received zinc in the form of lactate (Zinc Chelate, Agrobac, CR),
in Korea, we analyzed the relationship between these factors, CBC and the third (A, n=6) received zinc in the form of chelate (Bioplex Zn,
blood chemistry level of cow using 517 blood samples from National Alltech, USA), the fourth (T, n=6) received amino acid-polypeptidic
Institute of Animal Science (NIAS) and 15 farms in Gyeonggi complex with zinc (Transfer Zn 15 %) and the ﬁfth group (O, n=6)
Province. In addition, ketone body level of 84 cows and MUN of 54 received zinc in inorganic form as zinc oxid (ZnO). Individual forms of
cows were detected. As a result of analyses, milk productive quantity zinc were administered orally after the morning feeding at 500 mg Zn per
of a year had positive relation with WBC(K/µl), MO(K/µl), EO(K/µl), head/day within the period of 30 days. Zinc concentration in milk was
Hb (g/dL), HCT(%) (p-value 0.05). MUN had high negative relation followed daily while its level in serum was estimated at the beginning,
with LY(K/µl) and high positive relation with BUN, GGT, CHO.(p- after 2 weeks and at the end of the experiment. At the beginning of the
value 0.01). The number of milking days was in high positive experiment Zn concentration in serum of goats in individual groups were
relationship with LY(K/µl), MO(K/µl), Hb(g/dL), HCT(%) (p-value as follows: C 10.6±2.5 µmol/l; L 10.7±1.4 µmol/l; A 10.4±1.2 µmol/l; T
0.01) and NE(K/µl), EO(K/µl), RBC(M/µl), PLT(K/µl) (p-value 0.05). 10.7±2.1 µmol/l; O 10.5±1.5 µmol/l. In the course of the experiment Zn
In the milk ketone body level, 23 cows of 29 cows were in normal concentration increased signiﬁcantly in all experimental groups after 2
rage(0~0.5mg/dl) and 6 cows were in suspected positive weeks and in the control group was concentration of Zn in serum almost
range(1mg/dl), and then 2 suspected positive cows had clinical signs the same as at the start of the experiment. At the end of the experiment Zn
like anorexia, depression. A cow of these 2 cows was in abnormal milk concentration in blood serum of goats in individual groups were as
ketone body level and abnormal blood sugar level and then was culled follows: C 10.8±0.8 µmol/l; L 12.9±2.3 µmol/l; A 12.2±1.0 µmol/l; T
by bad prognosis. In blood sugar level, at 7days after parturition, 10 12.6±1.0 µmol/l; O 12.2±1.2 µmol/l. The concentrations of zinc in milk
cows of 34 cows were in abnormal range and at parturition day, 6 cows were at the beginning of the experiment as follows: C 37.6±9.8 µmol/l; L
of 18 cows were in abnormal range. So blood sugar level had a 31.8±9.0 µmol/l; A 38.8±3.5 µmol/l; T 35.9±5.9 µmol/l; O 37.2±7.9
tendency to show high level of blood sugar at parturition µmol/l. During the experiment the concentration of zinc ﬂuctuated in
day. Therefore these results are thought that can be used to compare individual groups, but there were no signiﬁcant differences between
with the aspects of metabolic diseases and for prevention and groups. After 30 days of Zn supplementation Zn concentration in milk of
prediction of metabolic diseases we need more study from now on. goats in individual groups were similar as at the start of the experiment.
Key words: metabolic disease, cow, chemistry According to our results the supplementation of different form of zinc did

22 XXV. Jubilee World Buiatrics Congress 2008

Proceedings of the 25th World Buiatrics Congress, 2008 - Budapest, Hungary
Reprinted in IVIS with the permission of the Congress Organizers Close window to return to IVIS

not inﬂuence the concentration of Zn in milk, but signiﬁcantly inﬂuenced - There was no signiﬁcant difference between F1 and F2 regarding milk
the Zn concentration in blood serum. The efﬁciency of different organic production and body live weight. However, the body condition score was
and inorganic forms of zinc was almost the same. in favour of cows of F1 and the milk fat test was 1.27 % higher in F2.
The work was realized with the support of MSM Project No. - The incidence of health problems was higher in F1 compared to F2.
6215712403. Thus, abortion, acidosis and bloat rates were 15.7 vs. 7.4 %, 9.8 vs. 3.7
Key words: microelements, serum, Zn % and 11.8% vs. 5% respectively in F1 and F2.65
Key words: bread leftovers, nutritive value, dairy cattle, performances,
473 The Evaluation of Coagulation Proﬁles in Cows with health problems
Abomasal Displacement
475 Inﬂuence of Diarrhoea on Chosen Indicators of the Blood
P. Sobiech, Z. Kuleta, J. Radwinska Coagulation System at Dairy Cattle
University of Warmia and Mazury, Department of Internal Medicine,
Olsztyn, Poland J. Radwinska, Z. Kuleta, P. Sobiech
University of Warmia and Mazury, Department of Internal Medicine,
Abomasal displacement occurs in high-yelding cows during early Olsztyn, Poland
lactation. The most common form of this disease is left abomasal
displacement, in which the abomasum is trapped between the rumen Objectives of study: In cattle breeding important is prevention and
and the left abdominal wall. The purpose of the study was to evaluate treatment of diarrhoeas. There are many factors causing diarrhoea. The
coagulation proﬁle in cows with this disorder. aim research was evaluation of diarrhoea inﬂuence on chosen
Material and methods: Tests were carried out on 20 cows of H-F breed indicators of the blood clotting system at the dairy cattle.
(Holstein Friesian) divided into two groups: the ﬁrst group 10 cows with Material and methods: Research was passed on 2 groups of dairy
left abomasal displacement, the second 10 healthy cows. Diagnosis of cows. In group I were 16 cows with diarrhoea. Group II - 20 healthy
abomasal displacement was conﬁrmed by abdominal ausculopercussion, cows (control group). The blood were taken from jugular vein.
rectal examination and veriﬁed by operation. Laboratory tests included Coagulation factors were marked in blood plasma. To the laboratory
marking, using CoA Chrom 3003 BIO-KSEL Apparatus, such analysis was used photometer Coag-Chorm 3003 (Bio-Ksel). During
parameters as: prothrombin time (PT), ﬁbrinogen concentration (FIB), research were marked: prothrombin time(PT), thrombin time(TT),
activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT), level activated partial thromboplastin time(kaolin-kephalin time, APTT),
of antithrombin III (AT III) and level of D-Dimer. ﬁbrinogen, antithrombinIII(ATIII) and D-dimer. During research was
Results: Mean values of determined parameters amounted in cattle with not identify primary reason of diarrhoea.
abomasal displacement: PT 20,43 sec., FIB 7,99 g/l, APTT 47,31 sec., TT Results: There were changes in times length between ill and healthy
26,63 sec., AT III 81,33 %, D-Dim 849,33 µg/l. In healthy cows these cows. PT at cows with diarrhoea was longer than in healthy. There was
parameters reached values as follows: PT- 25,12 sec, FIB 4,15 g/l, APTT an APTT extension (mean APTT at group I - 37,675s and group II -
33,71 sec., TT 24,84 sec., AT III 111,12 %, D-Dim 286,15 µg/l. 34,24s). In group I a mean TT was 31,39s in group II 26,44s.
Discussion: In this study it was found that cattle with left abomasal Fibrinogen concentration at ill cattle increased (6,61g/l) to healthy
displacement had signiﬁcantly higher ﬁbrinogen level, APTT time and cattle (5,24g/l). Mean value of D-dimer in group I and II differed about
extremely high D-dimer level together with signiﬁcantly lower AT III 103 µg/l. ATIII in each groups were: group I 108,7% and group II
level. Obtained results indicated, that ill cows showed abnormal 107,7%. PT describes exogenous tract and APTT characterize
coagulation proﬁle which reﬂect the occurrence of disseminated endogenous track of the blood clotting. The extension of PT is
intravascular coagulation syndrome (DIC). The laboratory diagnosis of observed in deﬁciency of II, V, VII, X factors. All mentioned factors
DIC is based on prolonged APTT, PT, hypoﬁbrinogenaemia, decreased are dependent on vitamin K. A length of APTT is connected with II, V,
concentration of coagulation factors, increased D-Dim level and X, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII factors. The PT prolongation might be
decreased AT III activity. A diagnosis of DIC is concerning when at connected with vitamin K malabsorption. This can be induced by
least three tests in coagulation proﬁle are abnormal. According with changed bacterial ﬂora in intestines (production vitamin K) or handicap
literature data, DIC is very common complication in cattle with absorption from alimentary canal (damages at intestine epithelium
abomasal displacement, especially with right displacement, which is during infections). An increased D-dimer concentration (product of
usually accompanied by a degree of volvulus. digestion stabilized ﬁbrin) and TT prolongation (measures activity of
Conclusion: During left abomasal displacement in cows occurred ﬁbrinogen) at the group I were connected with long PT and APTT. This
disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome with different level can be an evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) in
of coagulation abnormalities. cow organism. Increased concentration of ﬁbrinogen is DIC laboratory
symptom. The activity of ATIII did not differ at sick and health cattle.
474 Bread Leftovers Utilization in Cattle Rations in Tadla Area Conclusions: Diseases with diarrhoea have inﬂuence on whole
organism also on blood coagulation system. Abnormality in this system
A. Ilham, M. Mazouz, S. Alali can lead to serious problems like DIC.
Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II, Morocco, Pathologie
Médicale et Chirurgicale des Ruminants, Rabat, Morocco 476 Diagnostic Use of Pooled Metabolic Proﬁles in Czech Dairy
Herds
The present study aimed to evaluate the importance of bread leftovers
1 2
utilization by cattle producers in Tadla area in Morocco and to assess their J. Davidek , R. Van Saun
1
nutritive value as well as their effects on dairy cow performances and Practitioner, Krasna Hora nad Vltavou, Czech Republic
2
diseases incidence. A follow up study was conducted during 3 months to Penn State University, Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences,
compare the performances and the diseases occurrence in a sample University Park, United States
consisting of 12 dairy farms among which 6 farms totalizing 51 cows used
bread leftovers all the year around (F1) and the 6 others composed of 53 Study objective was to compare blood analyte concentrations collected
cows that have never used them (F2). The main results obtained are as at different periods relative to calving to determine diagnostic value in
follows: herd-based assessment of transition cow problems. In the course of
- Among all cattle producers in Tadla area, 35.8 % supplemented the clinical investigations on 37 dairy herds presented for various
rations with bread leftovers from which 16.4 % used them all the year periparturient diseases or routine monitoring, blood was sampled from
around and 19.4 % only during periods of feed shortage. 3 to 7 mature cows within deﬁned time periods to run a pooled sample
- The total quantity of bread leftovers used per year in Tadla area was metabolic proﬁle. Time periods were deﬁned as (days relative to
estimated to about 5230 metric tons. calving): Early Dry (>30 d prior), Close-up (<21 d prior) and Fresh (3-
- The incorporation rate of bread leftovers in the concentrate portion of 50 following). Analytes determined in metabolic proﬁles included urea
cattle rations varied from 20 to 100 % with an average rate of 30 %. The nitrogen (UN), glucose (Glu), albumin (Alb), total protein (TP),
daily quantities used varied between 2 and 6 kg per cow with an aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT),
average of 2.3 kg. sodium (Na), potassium (K), chloride (Cl), calcium (Ca), phosphorus
- The composition per kg of bread leftovers was: 88.1% DM, 0.9% CF, (P), magnesium (Mg), total cholesterol (Chol), ‚-hydroxybutyrate
11.9% CP and 3.6% Ash. The nutritive value was: 1.28 UFL (French (BHB) and nonesteriﬁed fatty acids (NEFA). A wide range of health
dairy feed unit) / kg DM and 104.4g DCP / kg DM. and feed-related problems were identiﬁed and used to assign collective

Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders 23

Proceedings of the 25th World Buiatrics Congress, 2008 - Budapest, Hungary
Reprinted in IVIS with the permission of the Congress Organizers Close window to return to IVIS

health group (HG) categories for analysis. Blood analytes were Study objective was to evaluate diagnostic reference criteria for
analyzed by ANOVA with main effects of period, HG and their determining if pooled sample blood analyte concentrations can
interaction with herd as a covariate. Herds ranged in size from 100 to differentiate dairy herds with and without health problems. Forty
750 cows with Holstein and Simmental being the predominate breeds. metabolic proﬁles were completed on 37 dairy herds presented for
A total of 40 metabolic proﬁles were performed. Herds were various periparturient diseases or routine monitoring. Blood samples
categorized into HG of no problems (NP, n=6), heat stress (HS, n=6), were collected from 3 to 7 mature cows during deﬁned time periods
fresh cow diseases (FD, n=16), low production (LP, n=5) and other relative to calving and pooled prior to analysis. Time periods relative to
diseases (OD, n=7). Time period inﬂuenced (P<.0001) NEFA, Glu, calving day were deﬁned as: Early Dry (ED, >30 d prior), Close-up (CU,
Chol, BHB, TP, Na, Cl and AST concentrations. Health group <21 d prior) and Fresh (FR, 3-50 d following). Analytes determined in
inﬂuenced NEFA (P=.003), Glu (P<.0001), Chol (P=.01), Alb metabolic proﬁles included urea nitrogen (UN), glucose (Glu), albumin
(P=.0003), TP (P=.04), Ca (P=.0003), K (P<.0001) and UN (P=.01) (Alb), total protein (TP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-
concentrations. Both AST and P tended (P=.09) to be inﬂuenced by glutamyltransferase (GGT), sodium (Na), potassium (K), chloride (Cl),
HG. Of interest was the absence of HG effect on BHB concentration, calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), total cholesterol (Chol),
though there was a tendency (P=.06) for a period by HG interaction. No ‚-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) and nonesteriﬁed fatty acids (NEFA). Based
other interactions were found. Within each period, NP herds generally on clinical diagnosis, herds were categorized into health groups (HG) of:
had lower NEFA and TP and higher Glu, Alb, Ca, Chol and K no problems (NP, n=6), heat stress (HS, n=6), fresh cow diseases (FD,
compared to other HG herds, though mean comparison signiﬁcance n=16), low production (LP, n=5) and other diseases (OD, n=7). For each
varied by HG within and across time periods. Study results suggest analyte measured, the pooled sample value was subtracted from a herd-
pooled samples can provide diagnostic information in detecting based reference value and divided by the analyte’s standard deviation
periparturient health problems. Variation in HG effects on blood (SD) for a given time period. T-test was used to determine if deviation
analytes over time relative to calving suggests potential analyte was different from zero. Analyte deviations were analyzed by ANOVA
patterns that may provide herd-based disease diagnostic criteria. with main effects of period, HG and their interaction with herd as a
Key words: metabolic proﬁle covariate. Within NP herds, analyte deviations different (P<.05) from
zero within periods were NEFA (ED, FR), Na (CU, FR), Cl and AST
477 Characterizing Analyte Patterns in Pooled Metabolic Proﬁles (CU) and Glu, P, Mg and K (FR). Mean analyte deviation for ED, CU
for Disease Diagnosis and FR periods for NP herds were .29, .43 and .37 SD, respectively.
These deviations were analyte-speciﬁc and potentially inﬂuenced by
1 2
J. Davidek , R. VanSaun period. Collectively, HG inﬂuenced deviation of NEFA (.85 SD,
1
Practitioner, Krasna Hora nad Vltavou, Czech Republic P=.002), UN (-.62 SD, P=.001), Alb (-.48 SD, P=.0003), Ca (-.29,
2
Penn State University, Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, P=.007) and AST (1.3 SD, P=.02) with a HG by period effect on BHB
University Park, United States (FR, 1.1 SD, P=.02). However, signiﬁcance, magnitude of analyte
deviation and period effects were speciﬁc to and differed between HG.
Study objective was to compare blood analyte concentrations collected Results suggest evaluation of pooled samples based on number of SD the
at different periods relative to calving to determine diagnostic value in sample value deviates from herd-based population reference values have
herd-based assessment of transition cow problems. Forty metabolic diagnostic potential. Pattern of analyte deviation and period might
proﬁles were performed on 37 dairy herds presented for various provide insight to speciﬁc disease present in a herd.
periparturient diseases or routine monitoring. Herd size ranged from Key words: metabolic proﬁle, diagnostic
100 to 750 cows with Holstein and Simmental being the predominate
breeds. Blood was sampled from 3 to 7 mature cows within deﬁned 479 Intake, Apparent Digestibility, Ruminal and Blood
time periods to run a pooled sample metabolic proﬁle. Time periods Components of Holstein Cows Fed Extruded Ground Canola
relative to calving day were deﬁned as: Early Dry (ED, >30 d prior), with or without Lignosulfonato
Close-up (CU, <21 d prior) and Fresh (FR, 3-50 d following). Analytes
1 2 2 2 1
determined in metabolic proﬁles included urea nitrogen (UN), glucose G. Santos , C. Neves , D. Silva , W. Santos , C. Jobim ,
1 3
(Glu), albumin (Alb), total protein (TP), aspartate aminotransferase A. Branco , F. Santos
1
(AST), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), sodium (Na), potassium Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Zootecnia, Maringá, PR, Brazil
2
(K), chloride (Cl), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Programa de Pós-graduaçio em
total cholesterol (Chol), ‚-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) and nonesteriﬁed Zootecnia, Maringá, PR, Brazil
3
fatty acids (NEFA). Based on clinical diagnosis, herds were Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Student, Maringá, PR, Brazil
categorized into health groups (HG) of: no problems (NP, n=6), heat
stress (HS, n=6), fresh cow diseases (FD, n=16), low production (LP, The objective of this research was to evaluate the Holstein cows intake,
n=5) and other diseases (OD, n=7). Blood analytes were analyzed by digestibility, ruminal parameters and blood components, fed with
ANOVA with main effects of period, HG and their interaction with ground canola (GC), extruded ground canola (EC), ground canola with
herd as a covariate. Paired comparisons between NP and other HG Lignosulfonato (GCL) and extruded ground canola with lignosulfonate
herds were performed to characterize analyte pattern differences. Herds (ECL). Eight cows, divided in a double Latin square, with four
experiencing HS showed the most alterations in blood analyte treatments and four periods with 21 days each, were utilized. Intake and
concentrations having higher NEFA (P<.0001) and Cl (P=.005) and total apparent digestibility of nutrients were estimated, while rumen
lower Gluc (P<.0001), Chol (P=.001), Alb (P=.0005), Ca (P<.0001), P volatile fatty acids (VFA), ammonia N-NH3 and pH were evaluated.
(P=.02) and K (P<.0001) concentrations across periods. Both BHB Differences were not observed in the dry matter (DM), crude protein
(P=.03) and AST (P=.04) were higher in HS herds only in the FR (CP), neuter detergent ﬁber (NDF) and acid detergent ﬁber (ADF)
period. Herds with FD showed higher NEFA (P=.008), BHB (P=.04) intake, however, the extruded treatments presented larger ingestion of
and AST (P=.05) and lower Alb (P=.0001). A period by HG interaction ether extract (EE). We can still mention that the association between
(P=.005) showed higher FR period BHB concentrations in FD herds. the extrusion and the lignosulfonato in the canola seeds stimulated the
Low production herds showed only differences with lower Chol consumption of Non-Structural Carbohydrates (NSC). Another
(P=.02) and Urea (P=.0007) in ED and CU periods and higher AST parameter that suffered alterations was the apparent digestibility, which
(P=.02) in CU period. Health effects of OD found higher CU and FR was smaller for the animals fed with CGCL in comparison with the
NEFA (P=.0001) and ED and CU TP (P=.02) compared to NP herds. CGC. However, it was not observed alterations in the DM, OM, CP,
Results of this study suggest differential patterns of pooled blood ADF, NDF and NSC digestibility for EGC and EGCL treatments. For
analyte changes around the time of calving are associated with speciﬁc rumen components, such like N-NH3 (mg/dL), VFA and pH and also
disease conditions and have herd-based diagnostic potential. blood parameters, any alteration was not observed in the cows fed with
Key words: metabolic proﬁles, periparturient disease GC, EC, GCL and ECL treatments. In conclusion that there are not
differences that justify the canola seeds processing or it lignosulfonate
478 Interpretation of Pooled Metabolic Proﬁles for Herd treatment, since the results obtained with the crushed canola didn’t
Assessment differ a lot of the other treatments, even if the processing of the canola
would have an extra cost for the producer.
1 2
J. Davidek , R. VanSaun The project was supported by the Fundaçao Araucaria, Curitiba, PR
1
Practitioner, Krasna Hora nad Vltavou, Czech Republic and CNPq, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
2
Penn State University, University Park, United States Key words: extrusion, fat, heat treatment, chemical treatment

24 XXV. Jubilee World Buiatrics Congress 2008

Proceedings of the 25th World Buiatrics Congress, 2008 - Budapest, Hungary
Reprinted in IVIS with the permission of the Congress Organizers Close window to return to IVIS

480 Mineral Metabolism during Late Pregnancy and Calcium post-partal period (E2) compared with the control group. Glycerol addition
Status after Parturition in Dairy Cows to the diet showed also favourable effects on quantitative and qualitative
parameters of milk production and milk proﬁle.
1 1 2 2
M. Casalone , C. Cannizzo , A. Stefani , L. Moro , Key words: dairy cows, glycerol, milk production, prevention of
1 1
M. Gianesella , M. Morgante lipomobilisation syndrome
1
Universita’degli Studi di Padova, Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche
Veterinarie, Legnaro (PD), Italy 482 Preventive Diagnosis in Dried Cows on Two Farms with the
2
Istituto Zooproﬁlattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro (PD), Monitoring of Clinically Manifested Problems during the
Italy Lactation Phase.

Milk fever represent one of the most important economic losses in dairy V. Petrovic, G. Kovac, P. Reichel, P. Mudron, O. Nagy, H. Seidel,
cows management, therefore to found some indicators (blood parameters R. Link, I. Pavlikova, J. Novotny, V. Hisira
or functional test) before calving should be very important for the University of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Cattle and Sheep
prevention of hypocalcaemia and related disorders. The objective of this Diseases, Kosice, Slovakia
work was to study some blood and urinary excretion parameters during
late pregnancy that could be related with the calcium status after The aim of this study was to compare some parameters obtained from
parturition. 60 dairy cows from a farm located in the North of Italy with preventive diagnosis of Slovak spotted cows (Ssc) and Holstein-
high incidence of milk fever were monitored 7 (±2) days before calving Friesian cows (HFc) in dry period with the monitoring of clinically
and 24h after calving: blood and urine samples were simultaneously manifested problems during the lactation phase. The housing, nutrition,
collected for creatinine (Cr), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium zootechnical conditions, prevention and treatment of locomotion and
(Mg), sodium (Na) and potassium (K) determination. Fractional excretion reproductive problems were similar on both farms but milk yields were
(%CrX) of electrolytes were calculated by the following formula: %CrX up to 7 l higher on a farm with HF herd. Ten healthy cows in dry period
= Xu/Xp x Crp/Cru x 100 where “u” and “p” were the urinary and were preventively diagnosed in each herd and clinically monitored in
plasmatic concentration, respectively. Results were subject to ANOVA lactation phase to intercept the productive and reproductive problems.
and correlation analysis using SIGMA STAT 3.05. Blood level of Ca after The preventive diagnosis included enzymatic, hepatic, protein, energy,
parturition show only a signiﬁcant (P < 0.05) correlation (+ 0.490) with vitamin, element, rumen, urine proﬁles. The lower AST, GMT
the blood level of Mg during late pregnancy but the results indicated that activities were found in Ssc only and increased LDH activity in 80% of
there were several signiﬁcant correlation between the urinary level of Ca Ssc vs 20% of HFc. The increased albumin was determined in 40% of
after parturition and some parameters during late pregnancy: in particular Ssc only, whereas increased TIg in all vs half of animals in a herd.
with the blood level of P (+ 0.378), with the urinary level of Ca (+ 0.384), Lower concentrations of vitamins and Ca were found in cows on both
P (+ 0.401) and Mg (+ 0.277) and with the fractional excretion of Ca (+ farms, but with up to 50% of HFc. Concentration of Fe was decreased
0.360) and P (+ 0.374). These data suggest that modiﬁcations of some in probably half and Cu, Se in all of animals on both farms.
blood and urinary parameters during late pregnancy could be related with Disproportion of Mg and Zn was found in more then 50% of Ssc only.
the calcium metabolism after parturition. Although no animal developed Plasma Glu was higher in 80% vs 30% and NEFA in 20% of animals in
any hypocalcaemia status post partum, this data suggest that it could be both herds, whereas amount of TL was higher in 20% of Ssc only.
very important to do further studies especially on Ca and P excretion Rumen pH was increased in 60% vs 20% of animals in a herd as well
before calving to found useful indicators for risk evaluation of single cows as butyrate. Lower propionate was assessed in all cows, but 80% of Ssc
regarding the probability to develop hypocalcaemia and related disorders had NEFA beyond the physiological range. Acetate and lactate
after parturition. concentrations were higher in HFc only. The C2:C3 ratio was enhanced
in rumen ﬂuid of all tested cows. Urine pH was elevated in more then
481 Effect of Glycerol-containing Preparation on Changes in 60% of animals, but the incidence of increased level of NABE was
Selected Parameters of Dairy Cows in Experimental and Field found 3 times higher in herd of HFc. Elevated concentrations of Ca, Na,
Conditions K and Mg in excreted urine were found in up to 50% of Ssc vs 20% of
HFc for each parameter. The clinical monitoring of cows in lactation
1 1 1 2
Z. Farkasova , P. Reichel , K. Kovacocyova , M. Fabini , phase revealed the frequent occurrence of retained placenta with
2 1
A. Bobus , G. Kovac subsequent endometritis in cows on both farms. Higher concentration
1
University of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Internal of BHB was determined in 20% of HFc only, but without any signs of
Medicine, Kosice, Slovakia clinical manifestation of acute ketosis. In conclusions, the comparison
2
Polychem s r. o., polychem, Prievidza, Slovakia of parameters from preventive diagnosis on both farms revealed better
physiological status of HFc in the dry period but the high production of
The aim of our study was to determine the effects of glycerol-containing milk, as mentioned above, resulted in subclinical ketosis during the
preparation on changes in selected parameters in rumen ﬂuid (volatile fatty lactation phase.
acids - VFA, acidity - pH), blood serum (glucose, total cholesterol - TCH, Key words: dried cows, preventive diagnosis
total lipids - TL, triglycerides - TG, nonesteriﬁed fatty acid - NEFA, beta-
hydroxybutyrate - BHB), and milk (fat, protein, urea) of dairy cows. The 483 Study the Effects of Dry Period Length on Reproductive
observation was aimed at prevention of lipomobilisation syndrome of Indexes after Following Parturition
cows during peri-partal period. In experimental conditions we determined
1 2 3
optimal dose of glycerol from three selected concentrations. We used 150, M. Mohammadsadegh , S. Lotfolllahzadeh , AR. Bahonar ,
1
200, 300 g/day/cow in 24 dairy cows. In the third experimental group M. Gahry
1
(300g) the positive effects were recorded. The following observations were Islamic Azad University, Garmsar branch, Large Animal Clinic for
done in herd of 210 Holstein-Friesian dairy cows kept in loose housing Theriogenology and Ambulatory Services, Garmsar, Iran
2
with annual milk yield of 8500L. Glycerol bound to powder vehicle was Islamic Azad University, Garmsar branch, Large Animal Clinical
added to the diet at the dose of 320g per animal and day for 35 days (3 Sciences, Garmsar, Iran
3
weeks before and 3 weeks after parturition). To compare glycerol effects Facutly of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Food
on health and production, 12 experimental cows were selected and divided Hygiene, Tehran, Iran
retrospectively by date of calving into two groups E1 (n = 6) and E2 (n =
6), and by the period of glycerol intake before and after parturition (E1<25 Most of the literature indicates that a dry period (DP) of 40 to 60 d is
days a. p. and 10 days p. p.; E2<8 days a. p. and 27 days p. p.). The results needed to achieve maximum milk yield during the following
of analyses were compared with control group (n = 6) fed the same diet lactation (Coppock et al., 1974; Sorensen and Enevoldsen, 1991;
without glycerol addition (C<7 days a. p. and 28 days p. p.). Samples reviewed by Bachman and Schairer, 2003). Other research indicates
(blood, rumen ﬂuid, milk) were collected three times: I. 3 weeks a. p., II. that a DP of 30 d is sufficient to maintain milk (Lotan and Adler,
th th th
7 - 10 day p. p., III. after 30 day of glycerol feeding. We expected the 1976; Bachman, 2002; Gulay et al., 2003). Nevertheless, a shortened
positive effect of glycerol (as a glucoplastic substance) on changes of pH, DP seemed to reduce milk production in primiparous, but not
as well as on decrease of acetate to propionate ratio, the NEFA and BHB multiparous, cows in a recent study (Annen et al., 2004) and our
concentrations, and increase in glucose concentrations in blood serum. The recent study found somewhat of a reduction in milk production per
results indicated antilipolytic, hepatoprotective, and glucoplastic effects of day, but not in FCM production (Rastani et al., 2005). Information
glycerol, particularly in the group with longer glycerol administration in relating the effects of DP to subsequent reproductive performance of

Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders 25

Proceedings of the 25th World Buiatrics Congress, 2008 - Budapest, Hungary
Reprinted in IVIS with the permission of the Congress Organizers Close window to return to IVIS

lactating cows is sparse. Lotan and Adler (1976) reported that days 485 The Microelements (MCEs) Supplementation by Mineral
open, number of inseminations, and pregnancy rates for 18 pairs of Lick (ML) and the Level of MCEs in the Blood, Colostrum
dairy cows having DP of 30 and 60 d were numerically similar. and Milk of Dairy Cows
Remond et al. (1997) reported that BW of cows with no planned DP
increased 24 kg in the first 60 DIM, whereas BW of cows with a 60- S. Krys, A. Podhorsky, E. Lokajova, L. Pavlata
d DP lost 28 kg during same time period. We speculated that cows University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciencies Brno, Clinic
with a DP of 56 d would be in more negative EB than cows with no for Ruminants, Brno, Czech Republic
planned DP due to reduced milk production in cows with no planned
DP. Thus, cows with no planned DP were expected to ovulate earlier The aim of this experiment was to verify the option of providing
than cows with a 56-d DP; whereas cows with a 28-d DP were MCEs supplementation to dairy cows (DC) in the dry period through
expected to be intermediate in days to first ovulation based on an supplemented ML, and to then compare the content of MCEs in the
expected intermediate level of negative EB. At the base of the blood, colostrum and milk of supplemented and of non-supplemented
importance of dry period management on the following milk DC. The experiment was carried out on Czech Pied DC. We formed
production, mastitis rates, reproductive indexes and normal life of an experimental group (E, n=12), which was supplied with ML ad lib.
cows in after following parturition, the effects of different lengths of enhanced with organic forms of MCEs (Se, Zn, Cu, Mn) for 4 to 5
dry period on reproductive indexes were to be evaluated .One weeks before parturition and 1 week after parturition (a.p.). The
hundred Holstein dairy cows from 10/5/85 to 25/6/86 were selected control group (C, n=10) did not get any ML. Samples of blood were
th th
from Bonyad Janbazan Shohada dairy farm in Razan Hamadan taken 14 days before calving, on the calving day, 4 and 20 day a.p.
(Iran). In depended variable was the length of dry period and Samples of milk and colostrum were taken on the day of parturition
depended variables were reproductive indexes (1- parturition to first (day 0) and then on days 1, 2, 3, 4 and 20 a.p. Reception of ML by DC
service, 2- days open, 3- numbers of service to pregnancy, 4- was very uneven, its total consumption ranged from 0 to 0.25
mastitis rate on the first month of lactation). Control variables were kg/animal/day. ML feeding did not result in evidential increase of
1- pick of milk production, 2- BCS at the breeding, 3- number of concentrations of MCEs in DC blood. Only a trend to increased
lactation. Fisher Exact test and General Linear Model were used to concentrations of Se and Cu in blood of E group was observed, where
statistical analysis. It is concluded that there was no correlation the average Se concentration increased by 60 µg/l (Cu by 9 µmol/l),
between dry period length and reproductive indices. while in C group, Se increased only by 30 µg/l (Cu by 6 µmol/l).
Key words: dry period length, reproductive indices, cattle Neither concentration of monitored MCEs in colostrum and milk
pointed to a conclusive difference between groups (average
484 The Use of Calcium Chloride and Calcium Sulfate in an Oral concentration of MCEs in first colostrum in groups E and C was as
Bolus as a Supplement for Post-partum Dairy Cows follows: Se 115 vs. 102 µg/l; Cu 2.0 vs. 1.6 µmol/l; Zn 317 vs. 363
µmol/l; Mn 0.6 vs. 0.4 µmol/l). The concentration of MCEs in
1 1 2 3
J. Spain , J. Sampson , L. Carstensen , C. Jones colostrum a.p. dropped quickly. Significant drops were determined
1
University of Missouri, Department of Animal Science, Columbia, for Se, Cu and Zn on the first (for Mn on the second) day a.p. Apart
United States from Mn, all monitored MCEs showed significantly lower (p<0.05)
2
Boehringer Ingelheim Denmark, Division Vetmedica, Copenhagen, concentration in milk (in groups E and C, concentrations were as
Denmark follows: Se 21 vs. 22 µg/l; Cu 0.6 vs. 0.75 µmol/l; Zn 79 vs. 78
3
Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica Inc, St. Joseph, United States µmol/l; Mn 0.6 vs. 0.44 µmol/l) than in the first colostrum.
Supplementation of MCEs to DC through ML thus does not appear to
Objective: The onset of lactation results in a sudden demand for be a proper method of supplementation, as the intake of ML is very
calcium and imposes challenges to calcium homeostasis in cows. Cows uneven and, in the E group, it did not ensure a conclusive increase in
unable to adapt to the calcium demand, develop hypocalcemia concentrations of the MCEs in blood, colostrum and milk. Se
(incidences 23-39 %), which may manifest itself as milk fever (5-10%). concentration in the first colostrum is 5 times higher than in milk, Cu
This also increases the risk of periparturient disorders. With systemic 3 times, Zn 4 times and Mn 1.3 times higher.
acidiﬁcation, PTH sensitivity is increased resulting in enhancing The work was supported by the Research Project MSM6215712403.
calcium mobilization from bone to blood. When the systemic pH is
effectively decreased, urine pH values (pH 7.8) will decrease to a range 486 Preliminary Results from an Ongoing Field Study on Study
between 6.2 and 6.8. The objective of this study was to investigate the on the Effect of Catosal in the Treatment of Sublinical Ketosis
effects of Bovikalc® (Boehringer Ingelheim, St. Joseph, USA), an oral in Cows
calcium supplement containing CaCl and CaSo4, on calcium
1 1 2 2
homeostasis during the ﬁrst 24 h after calving. P. Sarasola , U. Aramendi , U. Spiecker-Hauser , B. Schmidt
1
Materials and Methods: Multiparous Holsteins (n = 20) were blocked Ondax Scientiﬁc, CRO, Hondarribia, Spain
2
by parity and day of calving and randomly assigned to either Control Bayer HealthCare, R&D, Monheim, Germany
(C) group receiving no calcium supplement or treated (B) group
receiving one bolus directly after calving and a second bolus 12 h later. Objective: The aim of the present investigation was to assess the
Blood samples were drawn at 48 and 24 h before calving. Ionized blood efﬁcacy and safety of Catosal® in the treatment of subclinical ketosis in
calcium (iCa) was measured using an IDEXX Vet Stat Analyzer. Cows cows.
with an iCa level of 1.10 mmol/L or less were included in the study. Materials and Methods: At the time of writing this abstract, there is
Blood and urine samples were collected at 0, 1, 6, 12, 13, and 24 h post an ongoing multi-centre, placebo-controlled, randomised and masked
partum. Blood iCa and pH and urine pH were measured. ﬁeld study being conducted to evaluate the effects of Catosal® in the
Results: No differences in iCa levels were found between C and B treatment of subclinical ketosis in dairy cows. In this study, cows from
groups (1.24 vs. 1.22; 1.19 vs. 1.18 mmol/L) at -48 and -24 h, several dairy farms in Spain are screened by milk test (Ketolac BHB®,
respectively. iCa levels were similar at calving (0h, 0.95 vs. 0.94 Biolab GmbH) within two weeks after calving. Cows with a positive
mmol/L) for C and B, respectively (p = 0.84). Thereafter, iCa levels response (i.e. beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) milk levels >200 µmol/l)
were significantly higher in cows given the bolus as described (p = and absence of clinical signs of ketosis are enrolled in the study and are
0.02). Urine pH differed with treatment (p = 0.002) and by treatment randomized to one of three treatment groups: Two injections of
over time (p = 0.003). It decreased in B cows from 7.58 (0h) to 6.79 Catosal® (T1), one injection of Catosal® and one of saline (T2), two
(24h) compared to 8.00 (0h) to 8.09 (24h) for C cows. Blood pH did injections of saline (T3), administered intravenously on Days 0 and 3,
not change (p = 0.27) which reflects a tight homeostatic regulation of respectively, at a dose volume of 5 ml/100 kg bodyweight. Blood
blood pH. Calcium supplementation with Bovikalc® after calving samples for assessments of changes in BHB, glucose, glutamate
decreased urine pH and increased iCa levels compared to control dehydrogenase (GLDH), and cholesterol are collected on Days 0, 3,
cows. and 6, respectively. From this study, a subgroup of 17 animals showing
Conclusions: By 2 administrations of Bovikalc® with its two calcium baseline serum BHB levels of >3.2 mmol/l and absence of clinical
components it was possible to increase the iCa level in blood of signs of ketosis was selected for an interim analysis.
hypocalcemic cows signiﬁcantly. Additionally it was shown that Results: The primary efﬁcacy criterion was the treatment success, deﬁned
Bovikalc® had a systemic acidifying effect which most likely enhances as the proportion of animals with serum BHB levels of >1.2 mmol/l on
mobilization of the cow’s own calcium. days 3 and 6 in each treatment group. Results showed that 30% and 60% of
Key words: dairy cows, hypocalcemia, calcium supplement the animals in T1 were classiﬁed as treatment successes on days 3 and 6,

26 XXV. Jubilee World Buiatrics Congress 2008

Proceedings of the 25th World Buiatrics Congress, 2008 - Budapest, Hungary
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respectively. In contrast, none of the animals in T2 and T3 was classiﬁed as 489 Non-Surgical Treatment of Abomasal Displacements with
treatment successes. This effect was conﬁrmed by statistically signiﬁcant Zeolite in Cattle
(p<0.01) treatment differences on the evolution of serum BHB and glucose
levels over time. Serum levels of GLDH and cholesterol did not show G. Aksoy, H. Biricik, I. Çamkerten, A. Da_
treatment-dependent changes in this preliminary analysis. All treatments Harran University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sanliurfa, Turkey
were well tolerated. No treatment-related adverse events were observed.
Conclusion: These preliminary results indicate that two injections of In this study; clinical efficacy of zeolite mineral in the medical
Catosal® given twice at an interval of 3 days is safe and effective in the treatment of left and right abomasal displacements was investigated.
treatment of subclinical ketosis in cows. Seven cows (five with right displaced abomasum, two with left)
Key words: Catosal, subclinical ketosis were used. Diagnosis was based on routine clinical examinations.
Laboratory findings before treatment were hypochloremia,
487 Comparison of Different Forms of Glycerol Additives and hypokalemia, and hemoconcentration in three cows with right
their Effects on Selected Metabolic Parameters of Dairy Cows displaced abomasum. Zeolite was administered orally for 3 days
(twice a day, 2 g/kg) via a stomach tube. Patients were clinically
1 1 1 2
P. Reichel , Z. Farkasova , K. Kovacocyova , M. Fabini , examined including ping effect, appetite and ruminal movements
2 1
A. Bobus , G. Kovac following zeolite administration. Blood samples for biochemical
1
University of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Internal analysis were collected at 3rd day of the treatment. Furthermore,
Medicine, Kosice, Slovakia zeolite (50 g/day) was added to the ratio during 1.5 months to
2
Polychem s r. o., Polychem, Prievidza, Slovakia prevent recurrence. The ping effects on the flank had disappeared
completely following fourth application in six cases. Clear rumen
Glycerol as a glucoplastic substance is used for the prevention of motility increased after the second application and the cows started
nutritional deﬁciencies in dairy cows, predominantly during transition consuming food. Biochemical parameters and defecation returned
period till the top of lactation. The experiments were performed on two normal 72 hours after the treatment. Any recurrence was
farms with dairy cows during transition period. We studied the effects of encountered during 1.5 months. In a cow with right displaced
long-term feeding of different forms of glycerol additive on prevention of abomasum, treatment was unsuccessful because of adhesion to the
lipomobilisation syndrome of dairy cows. The selected metabolic right abdominal wall. As a result, zeolite mineral may be part of the
parameters in blood serum and rumen ﬂuid, and their effects on milk therapy for displaced abomasums. Addition of zeolite to the ratio can
production and feed intake were evaluated: in the rumen ﬂuid (volatile prevent recurrence of displacements. Further studies need to
fatty acids - VFA, acidity pH, acetic acid, propionic acid, acetate to investigate the efficacy of zeolite mineral on medical treatment of
propionate ratio), in the blood serum (glucose, total cholesterol - TCH, abomasal displacements.
total lipids - TL, triglycerides - TG, nonesteriﬁed fatty acid - NEFA, beta- Key words: zeolite, abomasal displacement, cattle
hydroxybutyrate - BHB), and milk (milk-yield, fat, protein, urea). The
experiment was done for 35 days (3 weeks before and 3 weeks after 490 Control of Ruminal pH in an Acute Acidosis Model
parturition). Forty-two dairy cows were divided in two experiments. In the
1 2 1 2 1
ﬁrst experiment with liquid form of glycerol additives 24 cows were J. Keane , L. McLaughlin , P. Thompson , G. Greenwood , I. Bruce
1
divided in the control (n=12) and experimental group (n=12). In the Pﬁzer Animal Health, Veterinary Medical Research and
experiment with powder form of glycerol 18 cows were used: control Development, Sandwich, United Kingdom
2
(n=6), ﬁrst experimental (n=6) and second experimental group (n=6). The Pﬁzer Animal Health, Veterinary Medical Research and
liquid form of glycerol additive was poured on to the food directly Development, Kalamazoo, Michigan, United States
(300ml/two times of the day/cow) whereas the glycerol supplement in
powder form was admixed to diet (320g/cow/day). We found positive Sub acute ruminal acidosis (SARA) in beef cattle is associated with
antilipolytic, glucoplastic properties and the beneﬁcial effects on health of decreased productivity, including decreased growth rate. Metabolism
cows (signiﬁcantly reduced negative energetic balance, increased food of high carbohydrate rations increases the concentration of ruminal
intake), as well as on quantitative and qualitative parameters of milk VFAs and ruminal lactate resulting in ruminal pH below 5.5 (SARA)
production. In conclusion, the both forms of glycerol additive had similar or 4.5 (acute acidosis). Acarbose is a pseudo-tetrasaccharide that
positive effect on the selected metabolic parameters in the blood serum inhibits -amylase and glucosidase enzymes thus reducing the rate of
and rumen ﬂuid, on milk production, and feed intake. The powder form of carbohydrate digestion and was hypothesized to prevent acidosis in
glycerol is better for its positive properties, practical application, an acute challenge. Acute acidosis was induced in ruminally
manipulation, and buffer capacity of zeolite, which is interesting for fistulated steers by intraruminal administration of a high
practical exploitation in ﬁeld conditions. carbohydrate load (12.5 g/kg liveweight; 48.4% ground corn, 48.4%
Key words: glycerol, dairy cows, prevention of ketosis, corn starch, 2.1% sodium caseinate and 1.1% urea) mixed in 2-3
lipomobilisation syndrome gallons of water. Ruminal pH was measured every 15 min after the
challenge using a continuous recorder for the subsequent 24 hrs and
488 Comparation of Clinical and Biochemical Obseravations in rumen fluid samples were collected at 3 hour intervals for 12
Cows with Physiological and Pathologic Course of Postpartal hours. When acute acidosis, defined as ruminal pH <4.5 and lactate
Period >50 mM, was observed, ruminal contents were removed, the rumen
was washed out and then inoculated with rumen contents from a
J. Bires, M. Huska donor animal. If acidosis was not observed within 24 hours of the first
University of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Cattle and Sheep challenge, a second challenge was performed and the same procedure
Diseases, Kosice, Slovakia was followed for the subsequent 24 hours. When administered in the
carbohydrate load at a dose of 1.1 mg/kg body weight, acarbose
In the work there is a comparison of the results of clinical and protected against acidosis in 6/7 animals compared with 3/7 control
2
biochemical observations in cows during prepartal and postpartal animals (c = 2.80, P<0.10). The equivalent amount of acarbose
period with physiological and pathologic course of postpartal period. mixed in a small amount of total mixed ration consumed voluntarily,
Examinations were carried out on 21 cows in time of 14 days before protected against acidosis induced by the carbohydrate load in 4/6
2
expected parturition to 10 days of lactation. Clinical picture including animals compared with 1/7 control animals (c = 3.75, P<0.10). In
conditional state of cows before and after parturition and laboratory both experiments, acarbose decreased ruminal total VFA
examinations (enzymatic, protein, energetic, hepatic and mineral concentrations and percent propionate. In a third experiment using
proﬁle) was evaluated. The results of observations determinated the same model, the efficacy of acarbose (1.1 mg/kg bodyweight,
diagnostic value of clinical and laboratory examinations in n=8) was compared with that of monensin (12 mg/kg dry matter
determination of course postpartal period in regard to production and intake, n=8), sodium bicarbonate (1% dry matter intake, n=7) and
reproduction activities, disease of cows, resp. They also showed on negative control (n=7). Acute acidosis was induced in all control,
limitation their biological interpretation in common ﬁeld praxis, which monensin and sodium bicarbonate treated groups whereas acarbose
could lead to incorrect results during application of metabolic proﬁle protected against acidosis in 5 of 8 animals (P=0.03 for all
test and subsequent non-adequate recommendation in the farm of cows. comparisons to acarbose). It was concluded that acarbose effectively
Key words: dairy cows, parturition, clinical and biochemical controlled ruminal pH in this acute challenge model and was more
observation efficacious than monensin or sodium bicarbonate.

Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders 27

Proceedings of the 25th World Buiatrics Congress, 2008 - Budapest, Hungary
Reprinted in IVIS with the permission of the Congress Organizers Close window to return to IVIS

491 Effect of Acarbose on Milk Yield and Composition in Early as urea, creatinine, „GT and transaminases were evaluated as was the
Lactation Dairy Cattle Fed a Ration to Induce Sub-acute local injection site.
Ruminal Acidosis (SARA) Results and discussion: Group A initiated with a mean of
microhematuria of 1,1-0,1 against 1,6-0,6 of group B without
1 2 1 2 1
J. Keane , L. McLaughlin , P. Thompson , G. Greenwood , I. Bruce difference. After the end of the experiment the values were respectively
1
Pﬁzer Animal Health, Veterinary Medicine Research and 0,6-0,3 against 2,0-0,9 with a tendency (p = 0,08) for the treatment
Development, Sandwich, United Kingdom group. Six heifers of group A had no microhematuria after the 30 days
2
Pﬁzer Animal Health, Veterinary Medicine Research and period, but in the control group also two animals showed no signs of
Development, Kalamazoo, Michigan, United States microhematuria, whereas two other animals worsened. The hepatic and
the renal function of both groups were not altered. Five heifers
SARA in dairy cattle is associated with decreased productivity, developed abscesses at the injection points, due to probably secondary
including decreased milk yield and milk fat. Metabolism of high contamination. As the extract is rich of lapachol an naphtoquinone with
carbohydrate rations increases the concentration of ruminal VFAs antitumoral activity, we suppose that there could be a direct effect over
and, in severe cases, ruminal lactate resulting in ruminal pH below tumoral vascularization in BEH.
5.5 (SARA) or 4.5 (acute acidosis). Acarbose is a pseudo- Conclusion: The phytoterapic extracted from Tabebuia avellanedae
tetrasaccharide that inhibits -amylase and glucosidase enzymes thus had a tendency of healing animals with microhematuria due to
reducing the rate of carbohydrate digestion and has been ingestion of bracken fern. Further studies must avaliate if BEH at his
demonstrated to maintain higher pH values by decreasing total VFAs initial stage could be treated.
and % propionate in an acute model of acidosis. To evaluate the Key words: phytotherappy, Pteridium aquilinum, lapachol; hematuria
efficacy of acarbose in managing low milk fat associated with SARA
thirty early lactation Holstein cattle (average 101 days in milk) were 493 Clinico-therapeutic Studies on Post-parturient
fed a ration consisting of ground corn, soybean meal and corn silage Hemoglobinuria in Buffaloes
(70:30 concentrate: fiber). The ration was shown to result in pH <
5.5 for at least 4 hr/day for 80% of the days tested. Cattle were S. Sridhar
trained to feed from Calan gates and were assigned to control or Harayana. Agriculture University, India, Veterinary Medicine, Hisar,
0.75g/animal/day acarbose added to the total mixed ration (TMR) India
according to a cross-over design. Animals were fed the assigned test
ration for 13 days and daily feed intake, milk yield and composition Study was conducted on 15 clinical cases of post parturient
were measured for the subsequent 7 days of each 20-day cross-over hemoglobinuria in buffaloes from and around Hisar district of Haryana
period. Percent and yield of milk fat were increased in the acarbose- (India). For comparison same number of healthy buffaloes from similar
treated groups (3.33% vs. 3.04%, P<0.01 and 1158g/day vs. habitat and locations were kept as control. These clinical cases had
1035g/day, P=0.01, respectively). While milk yield was not affected, recently calved and were in their third to sixth lactation. They exhibited
3.5% fat-corrected milk (FCM) yield was increased in animals clinical signs like red or coffee coloured urine, anorexia, anemia and
receiving acarbose (33.7 kg/d vs. 31.7 kg/d, P<0.01). In addition, dry laboured breathing. A typical feature of clinical syndrome was straining
matter feed intake was increased in the animals receiving acarbose during defecation. Hematological examination in these cases revealed
(22.2 kg/d vs. 20.7 kg/d, P<0.01). In a second experiment using the lower levels of hemoglobin, packed cell volume and total erythrocyte
same design and ration, thirty animals approximately 80 days in milk count. Hypophosphatemia was a consistent ﬁnding in serum biochemical
were encouraged to consume a large meal by being fasted for 3 hrs analyses of these cases which also showed increased levels of metabolite
prior to the daily feeding. Under these conditions, percent and yield malondialdehyde and enzymes super oxide dismutase, catalase and
of milk fat were increased (3.16% vs. 2.67%, P<0.01 and 1229g/d vs. glutathione peroxidase. All but two of these cases recovered fully when
1047g/d, P<0.01, respectively) in animals receiving acarbose. treated with antioxidant ascorbic acid @ 7.5 g dissolved in 5% dextrose
Although milk yield was not affected, 3.5% FCM yield was 500 ml intravenously along with supportive therapy with mineral mixture
increased in animals receiving acarbose (36.9kg/d vs. 33.9kg/d, @ 100g orally and vitamin B complex injection once a day till recovery.
P<0.01). In addition, dry matter feed intake was increased (22.5kg/d On an average 3 days of therapy was needed for complete recovery.
vs. 21.8kg/d, P<0.04). It was concluded that acarbose corrected the Unrecovered animals died probably due to their advanced disease state.
decreased milk fat associated with SARA-inducing rations and Iron containing hematinics were prescribed only after the hemolysis
increased 3.5% FCM. stopped since iron is reported to increase oxidative stress further. It is
hereby concluded that oxidative stress on erythrocytes is probably the
492 Could Phytotherapy Heal Microhematuria Caused by precipitating cause of intravascular hemolysis seen in this disease.
Chronical Ingestion of Pteridium Aquilinum? Key words: hemoglobinuria, oxidative stress, buffaloes

R. Machado de Oliveira, F. Kloster, E. Bueno, C. Molli, 494 The Effect of Cu, Se, Mn and Zn Supplementation on Tissue
A. Possamai, S. Cirio, M. Mangrich-Rocha, R. Ollhoff and Organ Concentration of Copper in Goats
Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Ciencia Animal, Sao
José dos Pinhais, Brazil O. Langová, A. Pechová, L. Mi_urová, L. Pavlata, R. Dvorák
University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciencies Brno, Clinic
Objectives: Bovine enzootic hematuria (BEH) is still a common of Ruminants, Brno, Czech Republic
problem in Brazil mainly for small farmers in regions not suited for
animal production. BEH has no available treatment only being The aim of the experiment was to ﬁnd out whether there are any
recommended the early slaughter of affected cattle and the interactions during peroral supplementation with several trace elements in
eradication of bracken fern. The present study aimed to observe the their inorganic form. We monitored interaction between copper (Cu) and
therapeutic effect over the symptom microhematuria of BEH using zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn) or selenium (Se) in adult white shorthaired
the aqueous extract of sawdust of Tabebuia avellanedae, a native goats. Twenty-two goats were enrolled in the trial and divided to four
Brazilian tree. experimental groups. All groups were supplemented with 3 mg of Cu per
Material and methods: 15 Nelore heifers with microhematuria animal and day in the form of CuSO4. Group A (n=6) was supplemented
evaluated by Combur-Test® stripes with microhematuria (1 or 2 +) only with Cu; animals of group B (n=6) were given Cu together with Zn
were randomly assigned to two groups. Group A (n=10) treated and (72 mg per animal and day) in the form of ZnSO4; group C (n=5) was
group B (n=5) untreated control. They came from a 173 beef cattle herd supplemented with Cu together with Mn (54 mg per animal and day) in
of the municipality of Rio Branco do Sul- PR® Brazil where 53,2% of the form of MnSO4; and in group D (n=5) we administered Cu together
them had different degrees of hematuria and the farm is severely with Se (0.54 mg per animal and day) in the form of Na2SeO4. The basic
infested with bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum). The animals were feed ration was identical for all groups and consisted of hay (ad libitum)
kept in a stockyard of the Ruminant Hospital of PUCPR and treated and wheat ﬂour (300 g) supplemented with respective trace elements.
SID subcutaneously with 100ml of an aqueous extract of Tabebuia Animals were supplemented with different trace elements for three
avellanedae for 30 days. Previous to the experiment the animals were months. Finally, the goats were slaughtered and samples of individual
kept at the hospital for one month for adaptation and received all the tissues were taken. These were mineralized and analyzed for Cu
same balanced feed based on maize silage. Microhematuria was tested concentration by the method of atomic absorption spectrophotometry. No
immediately before and at the end of the experiment. Blood parameters signiﬁcant Cu concentration differences between groups in any tissues or

28 XXV. Jubilee World Buiatrics Congress 2008

Proceedings of the 25th World Buiatrics Congress, 2008 - Budapest, Hungary
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organs were identiﬁed. However, the results varied a lot within individual the next morning. Contrary to the CaSO4-cows, CaCl2-cows still
groups. Mean values of Cu concentration in individual groups ranged as showed signs of a compensated metabolic acidosis in blood and urine.
follows (tissues are ordered in a descending line): liver (9.77-12.95 mg/kg The results of the study showed that CaCl2 had a stronger impact than
of fresh tissue), heart (3.90-4.41 mg/kg), kidney (2.49-2.92 mg/kg), lungs CaSO4 and that feeding AS once a day only encloses the risk of an
(2.45-2.66 mg/kg), tongue (1.81-1.94 mg/kg), diaphragm (1.39-1.61 interrupted effect of the AS during the night.
mg/kg), pancreas (1.25-1.56 mg/kg), spleen (1.24-1.52 mg/kg), thigh
musculature (0.85-1.03 mg/kg) and neck musculature (0.77-0.87 mg/kg). 497 Inﬂuence of a Starter with Rape Cake on the State of Health
On the basis of our results Cu supplementation with concurrent in Calves
administration of Zn, Mn and Se in higher doses does not cause different
concentrations of Cu in individual tissues and organs of the goats. R. Dvorak, L. Pavlata, A. Pechova, J. Filipek, E. Gopfert
The work was realized with the support of MSM Project No. University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of
6215712403. Veterinary Medicine, Clinic of Ruminants, Brno, Czech Republic
Key words: microelements, liver, kidney, heart, lungs
After rape oil removal valuable remains are left and may be used for
495 Evaluation of Copper Status in Dairy Cows Living in Region feeding purposes. Full utilisation of products made of rape is interfered
Irrigated with Potato Utility Refuses by the presence of antinutritional substances, i.e. glucosinolates (GSL).
The total content of glucosinolates has been decreased to 25 µmol/g in
M. Kleczkowski, W. Kluci_ski, T. Jakubowski, K. Dembele cultivated varieties, the so-called double zero “00” Canola ones, or
Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, even to 10 -15 µmol/g in the best ones. This study was aimed at
Clinical Sciences, Warsaw, Poland examining a new starter Grant (G) with 10% content of rape cake
processed using our proposed technology (GLS, max. 3 µmol/g). A
Copper status (CS) can be determined by 5 blood parameters: total total of 45 calves immediately after delivery weighing 44.5 kg were
plasma copper (Cu) zinc (Zn), molybdenum (Mo) as well as included into the experiment. Three equal groups of 15 calves were
ceruloplasmin (Cp), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities. The formed. Control group S was fed only by the Standard starter
aim of experiment was to evaluate CS from the region irrigated with containing common components. The other Telstar (T) starter is
potato utility refuses. The experiment lasted for 6 months, and it commonly used in calf rearing in the Czech Republic. The
comprised 45 cows of the Black-White breed, at the 3 - 6 years. Cows experimental starter G contained 10% of treated rape cake. The
were chosen from the 3 districts in the valley of Narew River, each experiment lasted 90 days. State of health was checked using clinical
group (1, 2 and 3) with a different irrigation method. Cows, from 1 and examination and selected biochemical parameters in blood and ruminal
2- experimental groups, inhabited areas irrigated with utility refuses ﬂuid. The overall consumption of starters in groups S, T and G
from potato industry company. Area inhabited with cows from 1 group amounted to 120.6, 154.8 and 130.5 kg, respectively. Selected
was irrigated with utility refuses by using a ﬂow method. Area biochemical parameters ranged within reference values for the whole
inhabited with cows from 2 group was irrigated with utility refuses by experiment. There were not signiﬁcant differences in iodine levels of
using a sprinkle method. Cows from 3 group were control. Mineral groups S and T (208.90±71.40; 152.10±43.00 µg/l) when compared
analysis of utility refuses had been made before experiment started. with group G (184.80±34.80 µg/l). Likewise, hormone levels of T3 and
Blood samples from all cows were collected 3 times: 1- one week T4 of groups S and T(4.02±0.98; 3.51±1.00; 77.80±26.30;
before calving, two-three days after calving, and 3- six weeks after 71.50±30.00) were not different from group G (3.75±1.00;
calving. Cow blood parameters that were determined are: Cu, Zn, Mo 63.00±24.30 nmol/l). Mean weights of thyroid glands of 6 calves from
concentration, and Cp, SOD activity. Average value of particular each group S,T and G sacriﬁed at the end of experiment were 16.5±2.8,
3
parameters for cows from group 1 was: Cu- 8.99 µmol/ dm , Mo -0.24 11.7±2.2 and 15.5±4.8 g, respectively. Histology revealed no changes
3 3
µmol/ dm , Zn- 11.46 µmol/ dm , SOD- 70.11 U/gHb, Cp- 1.37 µmol/ between individual groups in the structure, size of follicles and colloid
3 3
dm , for cows from group 2 was: Cu- 7.23 µmol/ dm , Mo- 0.21 µmol/ content. Feeding the starter containing 10 % of rape cake low in GSL
3 3 3
dm , Zn- 9.82 µmol/ dm SOD- 54.22 U/gHb, Cp- 0.89 µmol/ dm , for content had not any negative effect on growth and development of
3
cows from control group 3 was: Cu- 12.07 µmol/ dm , Mo- 0.26 µmol/ calves. The experimental calves showed no signiﬁcant changes in
3 3 3
dm , Zn- 14.55 µmol/ dm , SOD- 81.36 U/gHb, Cp- 1.66 µmol/ dm . parameters of ruminal fermentation, nitrogen, energy, lipid and mineral
The analysis of results showed that nutrition of dairy cows produce a metabolism, liver function as well as thyroid gland function.
decrease of copper status and Cu-dependent antioxidant activity in Supported by Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech
blood of cows. Republic (Project MSM6215712403).
Key words: cows, copper, antioxidants, utility refuses Key words: calf, nutrition, rape cake

496 Diurnal Variation of Acid Base Status in Cows Fed Different 498 The Effect of Vitamin E Supplementation on Oxidative Status
Anionic Salts Once a Day Only of Dairy Cows
1 2 2 2
C. Gelfert , A. Löptien , N. Montag , R. Staufenbiel R. Bouwstra, P. Dobbelaar, M. Nielen, T. Werven
1
University of Veterianary Medicine, Clinic for ruminants, Vienna, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Animal Health
Austria Department, Utrecht, The Netherlands
2
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Clinic for
Ruminants and Pigs, Berlin, Germany Objective: The effect of oral vitamin E supplementation during the dry
period on oxidative status biomarkers in serum was evaluated in an
Eleven non-lactating, non-pregnant, Holstein-Friesian-Crossbreed observational ﬁeld study.
cows received 2,000 meq of either calcium chloride (CaCl2) or calcium Materials and Methods: Ninety-eight cows were selected from 26
sulphate (CaSO4) once a day for a period of one week. At day seven, herds in The Netherlands. Fifty-two received a daily vitamin E
blood and urine samples were taken every four hours starting at 6 supplement of 1.000 international units; forty-six were not
o’clock before feeding and ending the same time the next day. Before supplemented. A blood sample was taken between 0 and 28 days before
feeding, urine analysis of the CaCl2-cows showed a compensated calving. Serum was analyzed for ·-tocopherol, cholesterol,
acidosis due to an reduced pH and low levels of net acid-base excretion triglycerides, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidise
(NABE). Feeding AS changed acid-base status (ABS) noticeably in (GSHpx), uric acid, albumin, protein sulfhydryl oxidation level,
both groups over time. All cows developed a strong metabolic acidosis. reactive oxygen metabolites (ROM), Fe, the ferric reducing ability
The strongest acid load was visible 18 hours after the morning feeding. (FRAP) and malondialdehyde (MDA).
Changes were greater in CaCl2-cows and NABE differed signiﬁcantly Results: Alfa-tocopherol was signiﬁcantly higher in the supplemented
(p=0.037) between both anionic salt groups. Nadir of NABE was - group, as was the ratio ·-tocopherol: cholesterol. MDA was
41mmol7l in CaCl2-cows and +4mmol/l in the CaSO4-cows. The signiﬁcantly lower in the supplemented group, suggesting lower levels
fractional clearance of calcium was higher (p=0.027) in the CaCl2- of lipidperoxidation. Results of the mixed model also showed that
cows due to a higher calcium excretion via the kidneys. Serum calcium supplementation lowered MDA serum levels.
concentration did not show signiﬁcant differences between both groups Conclusion: In conclusion, vitamin E supplementation increases · -
(p>0.05) but changed signiﬁcantly during the day (p<0.001). During tocopherol and lowers MDA serum levels under ﬁeld conditions.
the night, the acidosis became weaker and initial values were reached Key words: vitamin E, ﬁeld study, oxidative status

Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders 29

Proceedings of the 25th World Buiatrics Congress, 2008 - Budapest, Hungary
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499 Secondary Hepatogenous Photosensitization in Buffalos due times analyses of each hair sample) showed Cu values between 5 and
to the Excessive Accumulation of Hepatic Copper 20 mg/kg (49%: 6,6-10,4 mg/kg; 4 %: below 6,6 mg/kg), 15 % of the
samples showed higher values up to 100 mg/kg). The Mo
1 2 1 1
A. Minervino , R. Barreto júnior , F. Rodrigues , L. Reis , concentrations in the hair samples varied between 0 up to 800 µg/kg or
1 3 1
R. Ferreira , S. Headley , E. Ortolani even higher). The comparison between Cu and Mo in hair (N = 99), or
1
College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Cu hair/plasma (N = 107) and Mo hair/plasma (N = 70) showed no
Department of Clinical Sciences, Sao Paulo, Brazil correlation. The analysed cattle samples with low copper plasma
2
Rural Federal University of Semi-Arid, Mossoró, Brazil concentrations showed mainly a primary copper deﬁciency. A
3
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, secondary copper deﬁciency caused by a molybdenum intoxication
Finland could not be found in this set of samples.

Four 1.5 yr-old, male, murrah buffaloes, maintained during six months 501 Effect of chronic glucose infusion on lactation performance
with high Cu intake and without direct solar exposure, were transported and metabolic proﬁles in dairy cows
to regular farming conditions. Shortly after sunlight exposure, all
1 1 2 2 1
buffalos demonstrated clinical manifestations characteristic of B. Al-Trad , K. Reisberg , T. Wittek , A. Alkaassem , G. Gäbel ,
2 1
photosensitization: anorexia, apathy and severe cutaneous lesions. M. Fürll , J.R. Aschenbach
1
Blood samples were obtained before solar exposure (T0), during the Faculty of veterinary medicine, University of Leipzig, Institute of
clinical manifestations (T1), and after recovery (T2) to evaluate Animal Physiology, Leipzig, Germany
2
haematological (PCV, Hb, RBC and WBC) and biochemical (total Faculty of veterinary medicine, University of Leipzig, Medizinische
protein, albumin, g-glutamil transferase (gGT), aspartate amino Tierklinik, Leipzig, Germany
transferase (AST), creatine kinase (CK), urea, and creatinine)
parameters. Skin samples obtained by incision biopsy at T0 and T1 Objective: To characterize the metabolic adaptations that occur during
were processed for routine histopathology. Treatment consisted of gradual increases of glucose supply via prolonged i.v. glucose
removal from sunlight exposure and aqueous Zinc oxide solution. infusions in dairy cows.
Three animals recovered fullly and 1 died. The hepatic Cu Material & methods: Twelve midlactation dairy cows were assigned
concentrations and gGT and AST activities before solar exposure were randomly to continuous i.v. infusions of either saline (control group,
above normal values. For haematological parameters, only RBC n=6) or 40% glucose solutions (treatment group, n=6) for 28 d. The
demonstrated signiﬁcant difference, being reduced at T1 and returning infusion dose started at 1.25% of the daily energy (NEL) requirement
to normality at T2. A similar pattern was observed with the total protein and then gradually increased until a maximum dose of 30% NEL
and albumin; but an opposite trend occurred with CK activity. The requirement was achieved at d 23. Then infusion dose was maintained
buffalo that succumbed had the highest liver of Cu concentration and at 30% for 5 d. The treatment (feed plus infusion) was hypercaloric but
more extensive macroscopic skin lesions. At T0 the buffalos had isonitrogenous. Liver and skeletal muscle biopsies were taken on d 0, 8,
generalized alopecia, but insigniﬁcant histological alterations 16, 24, and 32. Blood samples were taken every 2 d at 10:00 a.m. and
(acantholysis and neovascularization). However, at T1 additional 24-h blood samples (6-h intervals) were taken before each
histopathological examination revealed hepatic photosensitization biopsy. Milk and urine samples were also taken on the biopsies days.
characterized by diffused, moderate parakeratotic hyperkeratosis, Results: No changes occurred in daily feed intake and milk production,
multifocal moderate acantholysis, degeneration and necrosis of milk lactose and urea concentrations. Milk protein percentage and yield
squamous epithelial cells, sweat gland atrophy, sebaceous gland tended to increase during the high infusion dose (i.e. 20 & 30% NEL
hyperplasia, and dermal edema. Although the buffalos demonstrated a requirement). Decrease in milk fat percentage and yields were
liver insufﬁciency at T0, the skin lesions indicative of secondary observed in both groups; however, the decrease was numerically higher
hepatogenous photosensitization were only triggered after the solar in the treatment cows. Body weight and BFT increased in the treated
exposure. In this case, a high Cu intake induced hepatic lesions that group. Small and occasional increases in blood glucose and insulin
may have caused inefﬁcient metabolization of phylloerythrin resulting concentrations were observed in the blood samples taken at 10:00 a.m.
in secondary photosensitization after the sunlight exposure. every 2 d. However, at infusion of 30% NEL requirement, ﬁve out of
Research supported by FAPESP six treated cows had blood glucose concentrations >8 mM at 16:00
Key words: buffaloes, hyperkeratosis, photosensitization, hepatic p.m., i.e. 1 h postprandially. Glucose infusion decreased serum NEFA,
lesions BHBA and BUN concentrations. Serum liver enzymes, cholesterol,
bilirubin, K and Ca concentrations were not affected by infusion. Less
500 Trace Elements in Cattle: Copper and it`s “Friends” than 2% changes were observed in serum P, Cl and Na concentrations.
Glucoseuria was detected during the maximum infusion dose. Liver
A. Mueller, B. Freude, M. Scholz, M. Weiss glycogen increased gradually to reach plateau on d 16 before it fell
IDEXX, Vet Med Labor GmbH, Ludwigsburg, Germany back to baseline values on d 32. Skeletal muscle glycogen increased
and liver total lipid tended to increase during the high dosage of
Prophylactic procedures to prevent diseases become more and more glucose infusion.
important in cattle rearing. Adequate supply in trace elements is Conclusions: Dairy cows on an energy-balanced diet do not direct
required. Copper (Cu) deﬁciency is regarded as the second most excess glucose to increased lactation performance. Excess glucose is
common mineral deﬁciency of cattle in the World (Telfer et al, 1996; transiently stored as glycogen in the liver and, predominantly,
Black und French, 2004). Two different copper deﬁciencies are known: transferred to body fat. At high dosages, glucose is also stored in
a primary copper deﬁciency induced by a simple deﬁciency of copper skeletal muscle as glycogen and excreted via the urine.
in the diet, and a secondary, resulting from the reduction in copper
absorption or utilization by the antagonistic effects of molybdenum 502 Biochemical Proﬁle of Cattle with Induced Hypocalcaemia
(Mo) and iron (Fe). 340 cattle samples were analysed as serum/plasma and Subsequently Treated with an Enriched Calcium
pairs regarding the concentration of Cu, Mo and Fe with ICP-AES Solution
(Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy) during
1 2 2 2
July 2006 until March 2007. The Cu-plasma analyses showed that only R. Barreto júnior , A. Minervino , F. Rodrigues , E. Meira júnior ,
2 3 2 2
24% of these samples were below the reference value for Cu (80 R. Ferreira , A. Lima , C. Mori , E. Ortolani
1
Ïg/dL). Compared to these results, 84% of the corresponding serum Rural Federal University of Semi-Arid, Mossoró, Brazil
2
samples showed a Cu deﬁciency (below 80 µg/dL). Serum clotting College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sao Paulo,
reduces Cu by up to 80% compared to the plasma values (in Department of Clinical Science, Sao Paulo, Brazil
3
conﬁrmation to Laven & Livesey, 2006). In contrast to copper the Vallée S.A., Sao Paulo, Brazil
analyses of Mo in bovine plasma and serum resulted in comparable
values. 4500 bovine serum and plasma samples were analysed for Mo. Twelve two years-old Holstein heifers were used to study the
80% of Mo-concentrations were below 26 µg/L. Only a few samples (< biochemical proﬁle during the induction and recovery of
1%) showed higher values (max. 3300 µg/L). A correlation between hypocalcaemia. The picture was induced by continuous infusion of a
low Cu and high Mo values in plasma, or low Cu values with high Fe EDTA solution (5% and pH 7.4) into the jugular vein at the speed of
concentrations could not be found. Additionally, hair analyses of Cu (N 220 mL/h until the animals presented deﬁnitive clinical signs of
= 173) and Mo (N = 99) were performed. 85 % of the hair samples (3- hypocalcaemia such as sternal or lateral recumbency; then the infusion

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was immediately stopped and the heifers were treated, during 30 min, Scores 1 2 3 4 5
with 1 mL/kg BW of a calcium solution (ValléeCálcio®) with 2.44 g of Parameter
calcium /100 mL, from three sources: Gluconate, Lactate and Sacarate,
enriched with 5 g Glucose, 0.47 g phosphorus and 0.19 g magnesium Faecal Very Circular,
Dry, stiff, Flat, Liquid
per 100 mL. Venous blood samples were taken before infusion (T0), consistency dry, semi moist raised loose, pools of
when the muscle tremors started (T1), at the end of the infusion (T2), at (FCS) lumpy formedpat, symmetrical thinly faeces
the end of the treatment (T3) and 24 h later (T4) for serum analysis of pats rings spread
calcium, ionized calcium, phosphorus and magnesium, plasma glucose surrounding
levels and blood activity (30 °C) of g-glutamyl transferase (gGT), a dipped centre
aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and creatine kinase (CK). The Faecal No few particles Massive
induction generated a similar clinical picture as seen in the natural undigested particles particles clearly presence
course of hypocalcemia and the treatment with the calcium solution feed particles visible of
promoted total recovery. The induction generated a signiﬁcant decrease (FFP) particles
in calcium, ionized calcium, phosphorus and magnesium levels, Faecal gas No few Massive
principally at T2, but the treatment transiently increased the calcium bubbles bubbles bubbles presence
and ionized calcium at T3 and all of the variables returned to normality (FBS) of bubbles
24 h later. The plasma glucose levels increased only after the treatment,
but returned to normal at T4. There was no change in the gGT activity
throughout the trial, but a signiﬁcant increase of AST and CK at T4, described. Considering the fact that SARA has to be understood as a
indicating that some muscle damage occurred during the process. transient condition with no clinical consequences visible at the time of
Key words: hypocalcaemia, calcium, phosphorus, treatment insult, it seems that faecal changes rather apply to more severe states of
ruminal acidosis than to SARA. This study was designed to evaluate
503 Clinical Picture of Induced Hypocalcaemia in Holstein the validation of faecal quality as a diagnostic tool in SARA diagnosis
Heifers Subsequently Treated with an Enriched Calcium in dairy cattle.
Solution Materials and Methods: Ruminal ﬂuid by means of rumenocentesis
(Nordlund& Oetzel 1995) was collected from 117 cows (37 early
1 2 2 2 lactation and 80 mid lactation cows) from 10 dairies, 2-4 hours
R. Barreto júnior , A. Minervino , F. Rodrigues , E. Meira júnior ,
2 3 2 2 following morning total mixed ration feeding. Additionally scoring of
R. Ferreira , A. Lima , C. Mori , E. Ortolani
1 faecal quality (consistency, presence of undigested feed particles and
Rural Federal University of Semi-Arid, Mossoró, Brazil
2 gas bubbles) was done (table1).
College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sao Paulo,
Department of Clinical Sciences, Sao Paulo, Brazil chi square and ﬁsher exact tests were used in statistical analysis of data
3 results.
Vallée S.A., Sao Paulo, Brazil
Results: There were no signiﬁcant differences between individuals
Twelve two years-old Holstein heifers were used to study the clinical experiencing SARA (ruminal pH< 5.5) and the rest of population
picture during the induction and recovery of hypocalcaemia. The (ruminal pH>5.8) in FCS (P=0.908), FBS (P=0.577) and FFP
picture was induced by continuous infusion of a EDTA solution (5% (P=0.288). Also, no signiﬁcant difference was found between animals
and pH 7.4) into the jugular vein at the speed of 220 mL/h until the with SARA and a marginal pH (5.6<pH <5.8) and the rest of the study
animals presented deﬁnitive clinical signs of hypocalcaemia, such as population in comparison of FCS (P=0.985), FBS (P=0.375) and FFP
sternal or lateral recumbency; then the infusion was immediately (P=0.456). Any signiﬁcant differences was found between early
stopped and the heifers were treated, during 30 min, with 1 mL/kg BW lactation and mid lactation cows in FCS (P=0.97), FBS (P=0.91) and
of a calcium solution (ValléeCálcio®) with 2.44 g Ca (gluconate, FFP (P=0.11).
lactate, and saharate), 5 g Glucose, 0.47g phosphorus and 0.19 g Conclusions: According to results of this study faecal quality changes
magnesium per 100 mL. A clinical examination was performed before are not signiﬁcant signs for SARA detection in dairy cattle.
infusion (T0), when the muscle tremors started (T1), at the end of the Key words: SARA, dairiy cattle, faecal quality
infusion (T2), at the end of the treatment (T3) and 24 h later (T4). The
induction generated a similar clinical picture as seen in the natural 505 Occurrence of Primary Pregnancy Toxemia of Ewes due to a
course of hypocalcemia, but a constant and involuntary kinetic tongue Misdiagnosis of Pregnancy via Ultrasonography
movement cleaning the nostril and nose and causing a lip sound. Limb
stiffness and uneasiness preceded the muscle tremor, and from this N. Alidadi, S. Raﬁa, S. Moadab, M. Eslampour
moment on the animals refused food. Then apathy, staggering and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Clinical
mydriasis became evident. These symptoms were followed by a rapid Sciences, Tehran, Iran
sternal and in most cases lateral recumbency. Even in this last position
the heifers kept the head turned to the ﬂank. At this moment the skin In a seven day period, four ewes were referred to the Veterinary
temperature at the lower limb and anal reﬂex were decreased; anuria Research and Teaching Hospital of University of Tehran, with the chief
and somnolence were evident. The heart rate and hypophonesis complaints being the recumbency and profound depression. They came
increased as higher was the EDTA infusion. Conversely, rumen stasis from a ﬂock of 80 sheep with “Shaal” breed which had been naturally
occurred in most cases at T1. Most animals had gas bloat. The bred 4.5 months before. The pregnant ewes had been separated from
treatment with calcium rapidly reversed the clinical picture, restored non-pregnant in about 2 months after the breeding by using the
the heart rate and the rumen tonus and did not cause any adverse transabdominal ultrasonography. The referred ewes were all from the
reaction within 48 hours after treatment. “non-pregnant diagnosed” group and had been put on a low energy diet
Key words: hypocalvaemia, symptoms, treatment, recovery of mainly straws for the maintenance. They were all multiparous with
low body condition scores, the mental state was depressed and the ewes
504 Evaluation of Faecal Quality as a Diagnostic Tool in SARA were sternally recumbent at the time of examination, which became
Diagnosis in Dairy Cattle lateral terminally. They were oblivious to their surroundings and had
muscular twitches over the thorax and ﬂank. Champing of the jaws were
J. Tajik1, Mg. Nadalian1, A. Raooﬁ1, Gr. Mohamadi2, A. Bahonar1 present with one ewe showing a persistent involuntary movements of
1 University of Tehran, Clinical Sciences, Internal Medicine, Tehran, the mandible. The animals were not blind although the Menace
Iran Response was signiﬁcantly slow. The rectal temperatures were normal
2 University of Tehran, Clinical Sciences, Tehran, Iran to hypothermic especially in terminal stages. Tachycardia and polypnea
were constant ﬁndings in all four ewes. Mucous membranes were pale
Objectives: Sub acute ruminal acidosis (SARA) is characterized by and it was cyanotic in one. While examining the abdominal region,
daily episodes of low ruminal pH between 5.5 and 5.0. This digestive surprisingly, the pregnancy with twin lambs was detected. Blood and
disorder is the consequence of feeding high grain diets to dairy cows, urine samples were submitted to laboratory for further investigations.
which are adapted to digest predominantly forage diets. SARA may be The results showed hypoglycemia in two cases while the other two
a common and economically important problem in dairy herds. There being euglycemic. Blood calcium levels were normal in all of them.
is Limited knowledge of the symptomatology of SARA. Changes in Ketonuria was a persistent ﬁnding in all of the ewes. The haemogram
faecal consistency and structure of SARA affected cows have been showed a stress Leukon in 3 ewes. None of the ewes could survive and

Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders 31

Proceedings of the 25th World Buiatrics Congress, 2008 - Budapest, Hungary
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they all died in a two to three day course. Of the necropsy ﬁndings, the respectively. Blood pH, Na, K, Mg and Ca were unaffected by dietary
severe fatty change of the liver seemed to be the most important. The cation-anion balance. Urinary PH of cows was affected by diets. Urinary
diagnosis of “Primary pregnancy toxemia of Sheep” was made upon the pH increased linearly with increasing DCAB. The mean urinary PH was
gathered data. With this, the remaining ewes in the “non-pregnant 7.99 (for diet +13), 6.81 (for diet 0) and 6.11 (for diet -13).
diagnosed” group were rechecked for the presence of pregnancy and Key words: DCAB, ammonium chloride, ammonium sulphate,
those found pregnant, were moved to a higher energy diet with metabolic disorders
nutritional supports and eventually further cases and losses were
prevented. From these, it has been concluded that a small error in early 508 The Effect of Sodium Selenite and Sel-Plex on Selenium
pregnancy diagnosis via Ultrasonography can lead to signiﬁcant losses Deﬁciency Prevention in Beef Cattle
in sheep ﬂocks. So it is important to know, along with modernizing the
1 2 1 3 3
techniques in animal husbandry, it is of great importance to implement J. Illek , M. Matejicek , D. Kumprechtova , M. Hulik , T. Berka
1
the methods meticulously to prevent such problems. Veterinary and Pharmaceutical University Brno, Clinic of Ruminant
Key words: sheep, pregnancy toxemia, metabolic disorders Diseases, Brno, Czech Republic
2
VVS, Vermerovice, Czech Republic
3
506 The Use of Urinary pH Measured in Pooled Urine Samples Alltech, Alltech CZ, Praha, Czech Republic
for Monitoring the Use of Anionic Salts in Dairy Cow Herds
Objective: The aim was to investigate effects of dietary inclusion of
1 2 2 2 2
C. Gelfert , S. Römer , N. Brand , M. Goebbels , R. Staufenbiel different selenium (Se) forms and AA cows in the grazing season.
1
University of Veterianary Medicine, Clinic for ruminants, Vienna, Material and methods: 3 Se deﬁcient herds, grazed at Se deﬁcient
Austria pastures (bellow 0.1 mg Se/mg DM). Herd A got a complete mineral
2
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Clinic for lick with sodium selenite (30 mg Se/kg). Herd B got mineral feed with
Ruminants and Pigs, Berlin, Germany sodium selenite (30 mg Se/kg). Herd C got mineral feed with organic
Se (Sel-Plex) (30 mg Se/kg). Grazing season was April - November.
The use of pooled urine samples of dairy cows was evaluated in the There were groups by 40 cows, along with calves and a bull. They fed
monitoring of the use of anionic salts (AS). In a ﬁrst step, it was evaluated, ad libitum on pasture forage and the mineral lick or mineral feeds only.
whether the pH of pooled samples reﬂect sufﬁciently the calculated mean In the end of the pasture season, 10 cows from each herd were
of the pH measured in the single samples, which form the pooled one. withdrawn blood samples. Whole blood Se levels and
Five large dairy farms in Germany were visited monthl, and 10 cows each glutathionperoxidase (GPx) activity were measured, metabolic proﬁle
from four different stages of lactation were randomly selected. From each parameters analysed in serum. In the end of grazing season, all the
cow, a urine sample was taken by using a urinal catheter and a pooled cows were pregnancy tested.
sample was produced for each stage of lactation by merging equal Results: Se (ug/l) and GPx (ukat/l) in blood
amounts of each single sample. The urinal pH was measured in the single
samples and the pooled samples (xp) with a portal pH meter. After Herd A B C
measuring the pH in the single samples, the mean pH of each lactational Se GPx Se GPx Se GPx
group (xs) was calculated. The evaluation of xp followed the procedure of
Bland and Altmann (1986). The mean of xs was 8.22 and the mean of xp Mean 52.0aA 320.8A 61.4bA 494.6B 84.4B 796.0C
was 8.29. The urinary pH of Xp was slightly higher than xs. The mean S.D. 4.5 97.8 3.9 44.2 11.8 71.0
difference was 0.07. These small increases of pH only bore a negligible C.V. 8.7 30.5 6.3 8.9 14.0 8.0
risk of false diagnosis of urinary acid-base status. In the second step, the
urinary pH of pooled samples was tested in reﬂecting the use of AS in a,b,c P < 0.05; A,B,C P < 0.001
dairy cow herds. 26 dairy farms were visited on which AS were used.
Urine samples from 10 randomly selected healthy transition cows were Whole blood Se levels and GPx activity in AA cows at end grazing
taken, and a feed sample from the total mix ration including the anionic season were markedly different between the herds. Herd A showed the
salts was taken to measure the concentrations of the following minerals: lowest Se levels and GPx activity, i.e. pronounced Se deﬁciency. Herd
sodium, potassium, calcium, chloride, and sulfate, and DCAD was B showed higher Se level and GPx activity, but still deﬁcient. Herd C
calculated. Although all farms used AS, a high variation of urinary pH showed signiﬁcantly higher Se and GPx levels, within the
was visible, ranging from 5.90 to 8.64. DCAD also showed a high physiological ranges. Differences in body condition between the herds
variation ranging from -393 mEq/kg DM to 303 mEq/kg DM. A DCAD were not observed, but 2 cows died in Herd A. Herds B and C had no
below zero was no guarantee for a decrease of urinary pH. Therefore, the deaths. Death causes were not identiﬁed. There were some differences
farms were grouped according the diagnostic result of urinary pH (cut off in numbers of pregnant cows after natural mating. 75%, 80% and 95%
point 7.8). DCAD tends (p=0.070) to result in lower values when urinary conceived in Herds A, B and C, respectively.
pH decreased (-1.96mEq&kg DM/114mEq/kg DM). Pooling samples of Conclusion: Organic Se favourably inﬂuenced Se levels and GPx
cows of the same stage of lactation minimizes laboratory work and activity in blood and fertility. Mineral licks with sodium selenite seem
resulting costs and the measured value corresponds sufﬁciently to the to be worst source of Se. The mineral licks did not remove Se
calculated mean of the single samples. The use of AS in the prevention of deﬁciency, which was reﬂected in very low Se levels and GPx activity
periparturient hypocalcaemia has to be monitored by urine analysis. and worse fertility results. The results support the previous ﬁndings that
Measuring DCAD may lead to misinterpretation when other faults in feed the utilization of Se from inorganic sources by cattle is poorer than that
management exist. from organic sources. The differences between Herds A and B were also
due to a lower intake of the lick than tha of the mineral feed (meal).
507 Effect of Anionic Salts Supplement in Last Two Months The study was carried out within the research project no. 1G46086
Pregnant on Metabolic Disorders and Blood Minerals of (NAZV).
Holstein Cow Key words: beef cows, organic Se, Se deﬁciency, metabolic proﬁle

M. Ganjkhanlou, A. Nikkah, A. Zali, M. Motlagh 509 Effects of Various Anti-Stress Additives in Daily Diets on the
Animal Sciences Group, animal science, Karaj, Iran Microelements of the Heat Stress Cows

In order to, investigate the effect of feeding cow with different of dietary H. Yuan, De. He, J. Wu, Li. Wen, Li. Yuan, R. Li, M. Zhang
cation anion balance (DCAB) in far-off and close-up period, on Hunan Agricultural University, College of Veterinary Medicine,
metabolic disorders and blood composition of Holstein cow in Changsha, Hunan, China
pregnancy and fresh period this experiment was carried out. In this study
18 Holstein pregnant cows (220-225 d) were fed individually, a base Twenty healthy and lactating cows with similar weight, corporeity,
diet with tree different DCAB (+13(control), 0,-13 mEq [(Na+K)- appearance, and productive capability, were selected from the cattle farm
(Cl+S)]/100gr dry matter) for 60±5 days. For decrease DCAB two anion of Hunan Agricultural University, in the hot season on August 1-30, 2007.
salts such as ammonium chloride and ammonium sulphate were used. These cows were classiﬁed into 4 groups using a method of single-factor
The result indicated milk fever percentage were 0, 33, 33 for diet -13, comparison in order to evaluate the effects of various anti-stress additives
0,+13 mEq/100gr DM, respectively. The rate of retained placenta was on the microelement in blood, milk, and hair of the heat stress cows. The
9.37, 4.62, 4.61 in cows received diet +13,0,-13 mEq/100gr DM results showed that the concentration of zinc in blood was signiﬁcantly

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increased in the cows fed with the diets supplemented with vitamin C at a of rapeseed oilcake. Rapeseed oilcake can be produced with cold
dosage of 1100-1500 mg/day compared with the control group (P<0.01), pressure method and extrusion by heating in different temperatures
and their concentration of chromium and selenium were obviously from 110 °C to 140 °C.Bacteriological and mycological analyses of the
enhanced when compared with the control group (P<0.05). The rapeseed oilcake samples done by all accepted methods of
concentration of iron and chromium in blood was signiﬁcantly increased microbiology, microorganisms differentiated with BBL Crystal GP-
in the cows fed with the diets supplemented with a combination of anti- ID.The count somatic cells of milk were detected with Bentley
heat stress additives (provided from the institute of Baite Bio-technology) Somacount 500 Combi (USA). The content of fatty acids in rapeseed
at a dosage of 500 g/day compared with the control group (P<0.05 and oilcake was detected with gas chromatograph Varian 3400.
P<0.01, respectively), whereas their concentration of cobalt was Additionally to base feed (maize silage, hay etc.) 2 months to trial
decreased in comparison with the control group (P<0.01). The groups of cows were fed out 2 kg rapeseed oilcake, heated at 110 °C,
concentration of iron and selenium in blood was remarkably higher in the heated at 140 °C or sunﬂower seed oilcake. Rate of microbial
cows fed with the diets with a supplement of the Chinese tradition contamination of rapeseed oilcake produced with cold pressure method
medicine as an anti-heat stress additive (Four Chinese tradition medicines and heated in different temperatures from 110 °C to 140 °C is depended
were minced, ﬁltered with 40 µm mesh and combined with a designed from used temperature. Temperature of extrusion inﬂuenced also
ratio, and then the cows were fed at a dosage of 64 g/day) than that in the isolated species. By heating at the 110 °C are killed yeasts, lactic
control group (P<0.05), and their concentration of chromium in hair was microorganisms signiﬁcantly decreased amount of moulds. Treatment
2 times higher than that in the control group (P<0.01). In contrast, the at the 140 °C caused that microorganisms produced butiric acid were
concentration of zinc and chromium in milk were lower in the cows not detected. More often was isolated Mucor sp., Penicillium sp. and
treated with Chinese tradition medicines than those in the control group Aspergillus sp. moulds. Content of fatty acids after heating in different
(P<0.01). The concentration of chromium in hair was increased in the temperatures was not signiﬁcantly changed (p>0.05). Content of dry
cows with the Chinese tradition medicine treatment, but their selenium, matter in heated rapeseed oilcake is by 2.5-3.5% higher than in
manganese, and cobalt were obviously decreased (P<0.05). unheated and degradable protein increased by 4.68-5.3g per kg. In the
Key words: cow, heat stress, anti-heat stress additives, microelement groups where in cows diet was included rapeseed oilcake 2kg per day,
heated at 110 °C or 140 °C, decreased content of saturated fatty acids
510 The Comparison of Some Blood Minerals of Najdi Cattle in and increased content of unsaturated oleinic and miristoleic acid, and
Hot and Cold Seasons amount of produced milk increased at the same time. In these groups
decreased fat content of milk (p<0.05). Investigations results showed
1 2
A. Rasooli , Gh. Khadjeh that feeding of heating rapeseed oilcake decreased somatic cells count
1
School of Veterinary Medicine,, Clinical sciences, Internal by 10-50% in comparison with initial level. Extruded rapeseed oilcake
Medicine, Ahvaz, Iran heated at 110 °C and 140 °C can be fed out to dairy cows as additional
2
School of Veterinary Medicine,, Clinical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran source of protein.
Key words: cows, rapeseed oilcake, protein, fatty acids, milk
One of the native cattle in Khoozestan province of Iran is Najdi breed,
that is characterized by a hump in the withers area. There was no 513 Cations and Anions Contained in Diets and its Effect on
information about blood minerals of this breed in Khoozestan province, Indices of Acid-Base Balance of Dairy Cows
therefore this study was carried out in order to determination of blood
1 2 2 2 2
minerals of Najdi cattle in hot and cold seasons with the attention to age J. Twardon , R. Bodarski , S. Kinal , S. Krzywiecki , J. Pres ,
3
and sex. In this study, blood minerals of 180 Najdi cattle in different R. Mordak
age and sex groups were determined by conventional laboratory 1 Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences,
methods. The result of this study showed signiﬁcant differences Department and Clinic of Obsterics, Ruminant Diseases and Animal
between calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium and chloride levels Health, Wroc_aw, Poland
in hot and cold seasons. The levels of phosphorus and chloride were 2 Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences,
higher in cold season and the levels of calcium, sodium and potassium Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wroclaw,
were higher in hot season. The levels of phosphorus, sodium, Poland
potassium and chloride have signiﬁcant differences between different 3 Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences,
age groups. There was no signiﬁcant difference between male and Department of Internal and Parasitic Diseases with Clinic for
female groups. Horses, Wroclaw, Poland
Key words: cattle, Najdi, minerals, blood
Objectives of study: Some scientiﬁc data indicated that dietary cation-
511 An Investigation on Subclinical Ketosis in a Dairy Farm of anion balances (DCAB) values for cows in lactation have an inﬂuence
Guangdong Province on the yield and milk composition, as well as on some blood
biochemical indices of acid-base balance. The aim of presented study
K. Wang, J. Xu was determination of DCAB values of Polish feeds and diets.
Foshan Science and Technology College, Department of life Science, Materials and Methods: The monitoring studies were conducted on
Foshan, Guangdong, China the seven dairy cows herds from South-East Poland region. In feed
samples the content of Na, K (AAS method), S (nefelometrically) and
An investigation on ketone body of a farm in Foshan in Guangdong Cl (titrate method) was determined. On the base of obtained data the
province was performed, we use the adopt-glucose-oxidase and the DCAB values of diets from all farms were calculated. In blood samples
concentrations to analysis the blood, milk and urine of 27 holstein cows taken from cows some indices of acid-base balance were determined.
which derived from k group and I group. The results showed that the Results: The highest content of K was stated for grass and legumes
blood ketone was 1.155±0.511 mmol/L, the milk ketone was silages. In maize silages levels of K were very various. The
2.904±1.311 mmol/L, the urine ketone was 3.127±1.814 mmol/L, and concentrates contained medium levels of K, whereas brewery grains
two groups cows contain recessive ketone disease (milk ketone and and beet pulp silage were characterized by low concentration of this
urine ketone greater than 1.722mmol/L). There were 6 cows indicated element. The content of Na was low in grass and legumes silages, as
subclinical ketosis, the coefﬁcient correlation of milk ketone and urine well as in bran and maize. The concentrates contained slightly higher
ketone was 0.59038. level of Na. The highest Cl content was stated for grass, legumes and
Key word: cow, blood ketone, milk ketone, urine ketone maize silages. In bran and rape seed meal the level of Cl was low. The
highest content of S was observed for concentrates, brewery grains and
512 Cold Pressed and Extruded Rapeseed Oilcake for Dairy Cows for grass and legumes silages. Maize silages contained the low levels of
Feeding S. The DCAB levels of diets oscillated between +66 and +228 meq/kg
DM and were lower then optimal - +300 meq/kg DM. This situation
J. Dulbinskis, V. Sterna, D. Ikauniece, I. Zitare could be explained by high share of maize silage in diet and
Research Institute of Biotechnology and Veterinary Medicine Sigra of simultaneous low share of grass and legumes silages. Obtained BE
the Latvia University of Agriculture, Sigulda, Latvia indices were higher than reference value that stated about alkalosis
occurrence. The high level of BE indices was linked with act.
Rapeseed oilcake is one of richer source of protein and partly fat for HCO3 values, which were higher than normal concentration. The
cows. From publications known that heating increased nutrition value increase of ionized calcium concentration was associated with high BE

Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders 33

Proceedings of the 25th World Buiatrics Congress, 2008 - Budapest, Hungary
Reprinted in IVIS with the permission of the Congress Organizers Close window to return to IVIS

and HCO3 level. The concentration of K ions holds in reference values. 09.00 a.m. for 5 days at dose of 7.5 Ïµg/Kg/i.m, after collection of basal
The concentration of Na ions was various, but still was on proper blood sample and evaluation of levels of BHBA, by portable dry analyzer
levels. Medisense-Optum Abbott. Adjunctive sample was collected at day 1 after
Conclusions: The DCAB levels of diets oscillated between +66 and 2.5 hours from RMF injection. In CT group the samples were collected
+228 meq/kg DM and were lower then optimal. Obtained BE indices before injection and at 1; 1.5; 2; 2.5;3; 24 hours after it to evaluate a
were higher than reference value, that stated about alkalosis complete daily curve. Each sample was processed for metabolic proﬁle
occurrence. plus insulin and GH and data were statistically processed. The sedative
Key words: dietary cation-anion balance, feeds, dairy cows RMF at 7.5 µg/Kg/i.m. induces a signiﬁcant increase in GH and
glycaemia values and a biphasic hypo-hyperinsulinemia in both groups,
514 GH Serum Values in Dairy Cows with Clinical Primary without any sedation effect. GH mean value shows signiﬁcant differences
Ketosis between KT and CT groups, before and after 2.5 hour RMF injection
ab A
respectively of 2.473 (SD 1,038) and 9.225 ng/ml (SD 8.774) in KT
1 1 2 3 a a
A. Cuomo , L. Scaletta , G. Bertoni , L. Esposito and 2.162 (SD 0.9184) and 3.022 ng/ml (SD 1.206). In the group KT
1
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche BHBA mean value falls down at 1 mmol/L (SD 0.7838) and food intake
Veterinarie, Teramo, Italy normalizes within 5 days. RMF is effective as unique treatment for
2
University Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Istituto di Zootecnica, Piacenza, primitive ketosis in dairy cow. We hypothesize, to explain this action, a
Italy role of described hyperglycaemia and transient hypo-hyperinsulinemia,
3
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Dip. Scienze Zootecniche ed Isp. plus the normalization of GH values, without the predictable increase
Alimenti, Napoli, Italy values of NEFA, wich is typical for GH action in NEB cow. For this
reason we could hypothesize some additionally, direct actions of RMF not
The objective of the present study was to investigate the GH values in correlated with GH activity.
dairy cows with spontaneous clinical ketosis. Eight ketotic Holstein Key words: cow, ketosis, G˙, romiﬁdine
Fresian cows (KT group) within the sixty days after parturition, with ß-
hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) values higher than 1.2 mmol/L and 516 Mycotoxin Screening in Healthy Cows and Cows with
nonesteriﬁed fatty acid higher than 0.6 mmol/L, were evaluated for Abomasal Displacement
metabolic proﬁle, plus RIA for insulin and GH. Before sampling the
1 1 2
clinical diagnosis of ketosis was conﬁrmed by portable dry analyzer A. Alkaassem , M. Fürll , S. Dänicke
1
Medisense-Optium Abbott. A control group of six normal no lactating University of Leipzig, Medizinische Tierklinik, Leipzig, Germany
2
cows (CT group) was evaluated in the same way. Any subject was treated Federal Agricultural Research Center (FAL), Animal Nutrition,
by drugs before sampling and the samples were collected at 09.00 a.m. in Braunschweig, Germany
both groups. Statistical analysis was performed respectively in the
groups and between the groups, by software GraphPad Prism 5. In the Objectives: The aim of this study was a) to examine samples of fodder,
ab
group KT mean value was respectively for GH 2.473 ng/ml (SD blood, milk and bile for concentration of deoxynivalenol (DON),
bcA bC
1.038), insulinemia, 4.570 µU/ml (SD 2.101), glycaemia 46.00 Zearalenone (ZON) and their metabolites de-epoxy-DON, a-zearalenol
ab
mg/dl and (SD 7.746), BHBA 2.213 mmol/L (SD1.606) and NEFA (ZOL), ß-ZOL, zearalanon (ZAN), a-Zearalanol (ZAL) as well as ß-
ac
1.796 mmol/L (SD 0.5299). In the CT group mean value was ZAL, b) to study possible relations between the toxin arrears and
a bB
respectively for GH 2.162 ng/ml (SD 0.9184) insulinemia 8.445 diseases.
ABC
µU/ml (SD 1.082) glycaemia 71.50 mg/dl (SD 8.264) BHBA Material and methods: We checked 61 ill cows with abomasal
a a
0.283333 mmol/L (SD 0.075277) and NEFA 0.1904 µmol/L (SD displacement and accompanying diseases as well as 13 healthy HF
0.1692). All the results are in accordance with the literature except the cows.
GH in KT group. Usually in cow 60 days post-parturition the GH value Results: 77.8% Patients without mycotoxins were cured. From those
ranges around 5-10 ng/ml, signiﬁcantly different respect our data in with mycotoxins 18 (72%) were cured without clinical reactions; 7 had
ketotic cows for the same period of lactation. Statistical analysis shows to be euthanized due to severe accompanying diseases and severe
between the groups signiﬁcance for insulinemia, glycaemia, BHBA and haematological or clinical chemical deviations in the blood being
NEFA values as expected, at difference of GH that is not signiﬁcant. No typical for abomasal displacement. We do not observed speciﬁc
correlation has been observed between NEFA and GH values in the KT clinical mycotoxins effects on health. ZON/ZOL associated changes in
group, at difference of positive correlation described in literature for the ovaries and uterus could not be macroscopically determined. The
ketosis-free lactating cow. We hypothesize, that low GH concentration in transabdominale collection of bile by aspiration can be easily
dairy cow affected by primary ketosis, could have a protective effects performed in sick cows. In healthy cows mycotoxins were not found. In
against more pronounced fats mobilization during NEB. the slightly contaminated fodder samples the mycotoxin concentration
Key words: cow, ketosis, GH were 0.161 g DON /kg (0.086-0.191) and 6.35 µg/ ZON kg (4.88-7.85).
None milk samples contained mycotoxins. DON (0,002 µg/ml) was
515 Romiﬁdine as Treatment for Primitive Ketosis in Dairy Cow found in one of 61 serum samples, de-epoxy-DON in four samples
(8%). In bile de-epoxy-DON (37.6 µg/ml) was found only once. 39% of
1 1 2 3
A. Cuomo , L. Scaletta , G. Bertoni , L. Esposito the examined bile samples were contaminated with ZON and/or its
1
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Scienze Cliniche Veterinarie, metabolites (ZON 9.85 ng/g [8.10-16.33], b-ZOL: 59.9 ng/g [5-78] and
Teramo, Italy ß-ZOL: 37.6 ng/g. In all cases concentrations were within the
2
University Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Istituto di Zootecnica, Piacenza, physiological range. The metabolic parameters protein, albumin, urea,
Italy kreatinin and TEAC did not show differences in cases with or without
3
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Dip. Scienze Zootecniche ed Isp. mycotoxins. Mg, Ca, Na, K, Cl, pH, PCO2, bilirubin, glucose, FFA and
Alimenti, Napoli, Italy cholesterol concentrations were not in physiological ranges in all cases
independed on mycotoxins. The haemogram of all patients with or
Romiﬁdine (RMF) is an a-2 agonist utilized like analgesic-sedative drug without mycotoxin did not show deviations. AP, GGT and CK
in dog and horse, and rarely in cow. The a-2 agonist drugs induce a activities of all patients were within the normal ranges. However mean
transient anabolic effect with hyperglycaemia, biphasic hypo- AST and GLDH activities of all mycotoxin positive patients were
hyperinsulinemia and a rise of GH concentration. The objective of this slightly increased compared to mycotoxin negative cows.
work was to evaluate the effectiveness of Romiﬁdine in the treatment of Conclusions: We concluded that no speciﬁc clinical, haematology or
ketosis and its metabolic effect in dairy cows. Eight dairy cows affected clinical chemical changes for mycotoxin inﬂuences (DON, ZON) could
by clinical ketosis (KT group), with ß-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) values be determined.
higher than 1,2 mmol/L and nonesteriﬁed fatty acid (NEFA) higher than
0.6 mmol/L, were included in the group. All the animal displayed the 517 Strong Electrolytes (Sodium, Potassium, Chloride) Determine
syndrome in the sixty days after parturition and do not received treatment Hydrogen Ion and Bicarbonate Concentrations in Urine of
before our study. Six not lactating cows with normal BHBA values were Ruminants
enrolled in the control group (CT). Both groups were evaluated, for
1 2
metabolic proﬁle plus GH and insulin, to study the RMF effects in a H. Staempﬂi , P. Constable
1
negative energy balance mode (NEB) like group KT and in a positive Ontario Veterinary College, Department of Clinical Studies,
energy balance (PEB) like group CT. In KT group RMF was injected at Guelph, Canada

34 XXV. Jubilee World Buiatrics Congress 2008

Proceedings of the 25th World Buiatrics Congress, 2008 - Budapest, Hungary
Reprinted in IVIS with the permission of the Congress Organizers Close window to return to IVIS

2
Purdue University, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, at ﬁrst day and decreased while treatment. Antithrombin and factor
West Lafayette, United States XIII decreased in cows which died faster than in cows which were
cured. The ﬁbrin degradation products were slightly increased and
Urine contains 5 strong ions (high Na, K, Cl, and low Ca, Mg) and 4 were sunk while treatment. Cows, which died, had highly increased d-
buffers over the physiologic range for urine pH (2 volatile buffers Dimers. Procalcitonin and haptoglobin were increased in ill cows and
[bicarbonate and ammonia] and 2 non-volatile buffers [phosphate, decreased during treatment.
creatinine]. Translating physicochemical approach to urine it is Conclusions: Dairy cattle which suffer from fat mobilization
hypothesized that the primary determinants of the urinary pH are the syndrome or endometritis have a poor prognosis concerning the acute
strong electrolyte concentrations represented by the strong ion phase proteins ﬁbrinogen, haptoglobin and procalcitonin and the
difference (SID) [(Na +K)- (Cl)]urine. The theoretical polynomial haemostatic parameters especially antithrombin, factor XIII and d-
relationship between SID vs pH and SID vs HCO3 in simulated urine Dimers. A single dose of dexamethasone has no adverse effects to the
containing strong ions and normal pCO2 predicts very high urine coagulation, but shows a stabilizing effect. An additional
bicarbonate concentrations (>200 mEq/L). Normal urine samples were administration of heparin is indicated.
collected from 5 mature Holstein dry cows and analysed on a multi- Key words: cattle, blood coagulation, fat mobilisation syndrome,
analyzer system (Hitachi 911) for concentrations of Na, K, Cl, and coagulation disturbances
TCO2. PH (pHmeas) was measured using an Accumet-benchtop pH-
meter. The pH (pHcalc) was then calculated using SID in the Stewart 8 519 Oxalates Plants: Reviewed of Eco Toxicological Aspects
model equation on an excel spreadsheet (MS Ofﬁce 2003) with pCO2 among Farm Animals
kept at 40 mmHg and individual SID from each urine sample (table).
1 2 3
The high level of bicarbonate concentrations observed in urine M. Abdallah , T. Abdelkrim , K. Gerard
1
conﬁrms that bicarbonate is a dependent variable adjusting to Centre Universitaire d’El-Tarf, Veterinary Department, El-Tarf,
concentration of SID based on dissociation equilibria and law of Algeria
2
electroneutrality. Electrolyte intake and renal excretion are very closely Université d’Annaba, Biology Sciences, Annaba, Algeria
3
correlated and alkaline pH in urine of ruminants is strongly associated Ecole Vétérinaire, Veterinary Department, Lyon, France
with surplus strong ion intake, especially with diets high in potassium
concentrations. There was good correlation between pHcalc and pHmeas The poisonings by oxalic acid and organic salts (the oxalates) are
in this small sample size. Electroneutrality was off, indicating especially known of the veterinary practitioners as poisoning due to the
measurement problems with ion speciﬁc electrodes. In conclusion pH ethylene glycol (antifreeze), which oxidized in oxalic acid in the liver,
and bicarbonate concentration (TCO2) of urine are primarily dependent is at the origin, in particular, of interstitial nephritis and deadly
on SID. epithelial among the domestic animals (carnivores). However, some
plant poisonings to the oxalates are not diagnosed correctly, probably
Strong electrolytes, bicarbonate (TCO2) and pH in Urine of 5 dry cows by ignorance. They are due to plants rich in oxalates and which
diagnosis is not so difﬁcult. The aim of our work is to bring a maximum
Na K Cl SID pHcalc pHmeas TCO2 E- of relative information to the eco toxicological aspect of these toxic
(mEq/L) (mEq/L) (mEq/L) (mEq/L) (mEq/L) Neutrality substances composing these plants. The example of the oxalis is given,
(mEq/L) very rich oxalates plant that infests the natural grasslands as those
sown. The pathological aspects that especially interest the farming
10 388 143 255 8.4 8.5 229 -26 activity veterinarian more that the canine practice are discussed as well
108 276 110 274 8.4 8.4 227 -47 as the pathogenic aspect of the poisonings in different animal species,
129 246 204 171 8.2 8.4 91 -80 especially in bovine species (cattle).
37 306 133 210 8.3 8.3 148 -62 Key words: oxalates plants, oxalic acid, eco toxicology, pathologies,
95 320 178 237 8.4 8.5 218 -19 cattle

Key words: acid-base, urine, strong-ions, electrolytes, pH 520 Saponins and Pithomyces chartarum Spores Evaluation in
Pastures from Southwestern of Goiás State, Brazil
518 Fat Mobilization Syndrome and Blood Coagulation in Cows
2 1 3 1
K. Brum , MC. Fioravanti , M. Haraguchi , LA. Silva ,
1 2 1 4 5 1 1 1
K. Waldau-Ringel , M. Müller , M. Fuerll F. Riet-Correa , JR. Borges , J. Souza , E. Campos , M. Pires ,
1 1
University of Leipzig, Department of Internal Medicine, Leipzig, A. Pinto
1
Germany Universidade Federal de Goiás, Escola de Veterinária, Goiânia,
2
University of Leipzig, Department of Clinical Diagnostics, Leipzig, Brazil
2
Germany Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande,
Brazil
3
Objectives: During the fat mobilization pro- and anti-inﬂammatory Intituto Biológico, Sao Paulo, Brazil
4
cytokines are released from the adipose tissue. These could cause a Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Centro de Saude e
circulatory insufﬁciency and the lipolysis is increased by insulin Tecnologia Rural, PATOS, Brazil
5
inhibition. Dystocia with placental retention and endometritis following Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Veterinária, Brasília, Brazil
bacterial determined endotoxin release are caused by enhanced cytokine
development. Cytokines could activate the coagulation cascade, so that Brachiaria species are important forages in tropical areas. In Brazil, there
hemostasis disorders and a disseminated intravascular coagulopathy are are around 51 millions of hectares that are feed sources to livestock.
found. The aim of the study was to evaluate, if dairy cattle with fat Outbreaks of hepatogenous photosensitization have been reported in
mobilization syndrome or endometritis have coagulation disorders in ruminants grazing B. decumbens and B. brizantha. The disease was
dependence of disease at admittance into the clinic. attributed to the presence of Pithomyces chartarum spores, but recent
Material and methods: Blood was collected from 60 cows, which studies suggest that the steroidal saponins contained in the forage could
were admitted into the clinic because of abomasal displacement and initiate photosensitization outbreaks. General objectives of this study
accompanied diseases. From these 60 cows, a basal therapy was given were verify if the quantity of protodioscin, a steroidal saponin, and the
to group 1 (n=25) and additional a single dose dexamethasone was spores quantity variation during the year; and to inquire if the saponin
given to group 2 (n=25). 10 cows died in spite of intensive care. was present in other forages that was grazing by the animals. With two
Comparative 36 healthy cows were tested. The numbers of month of interval, six harvests was taken in ten farms located in Jataí,
thrombocytes and leucocytes were analyzed in EDTA blood and a Mineiros and Perolândia cities of the southwestern region of Goiás State,
number of haemostatic parameters like prothrombin time (PT), Brazil. The spore count was made second a standard technique. The
ﬁbrinogen (FIB), reptilase time (RT), Antithrombin (ATIII), ﬁbrin butanol-soluble residue containing saponin was submitted to thin layer
degradation products (D-Dimers), factor XIII (F XIII) and the activated chromatography and spectrophotometric analysis using Ehrlich reagent
protein C (APC) in citrated blood. Additional as acute phase proteins in 515nm. P. chartarum spores found in the pastures varied of 0 to
haptoglobin and Procalcitonin (PCT) were tested. 40.000 spores/g The number of of grass and the biggest amount was
Results: 50 cows could discharge from clinic after 4 days. 6 cows died observed in the July month (dry season in Brazil). Protodioscin was
within 24 hours and 4 cows died after 4 days. Fibrinogen was increased isolated only in B. decumbens and B. brizantha leaves; the biggest

Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders 35

Proceedings of the 25th World Buiatrics Congress, 2008 - Budapest, Hungary
Reprinted in IVIS with the permission of the Congress Organizers Close window to return to IVIS

amount of saponins was observed in March, in the rain season, and the saponins were determinate to thin layer chromatography. The average of
lowest amount in July. These results shoed the great variation in levels of all biochemistry values had remained inside of the normality parameter.
saponins during the experiment, suggesting a relation between the About hepatic alterations tests, only aspartate aminotransferase show
pluviometric precipitation and/or cycle of life in these species of statistical difference (p<0.05) on third harvest, in ﬁrst month of rain
Brachiaria evaluated. Acknowledgements to Coordenaçao de period, when the greatest number of animals had increased this enzyme
Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) and to activity. The biochemical results also show few signiﬁcant alterations
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientíﬁco e Tecnológico indicating absence of consistent hepatic or biliary lesion, during the
(CNPq) by ﬁnancial support. experimental period. Only the presence of small amounts of saponin
Key words: brachiaria, spectrophotometry, sporidesmin, protodioscin and a few spores it was not sufﬁcient to develop
photosensitization, protodioscin photosensitization outbreaks in the studied bovines. Acknowledgements
to Coordenaçio de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
521 The Effect of Dry Period versus Continuous Lactation on ß- (CAPES) and to Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientíﬁco e
carotene, Vitamin A and Vitamin E in the Mammary Tecnológico (CNPq) by ﬁnancial support.
Secretion Key words: hepatic function, Brachiaria brizantha, Brachiaria
decumbens, sporidesmin, protodioscin
1 2 2 1
F. Schweigert , A. Wesser , I. Buchholz , J. Raila
1
University of Potsdam, Department of Physiology and 523 A Novel One-Step Method for Fat-Soluble Vitamins and ß-
Pathophysiology, Potsdam-Rehbruke, Germany carotene in Blood at Cow-Side
2
University of Leipzig, Department of Veterinary Physiology, Leipzig,
1 2
Germany F. Schweigert , R. Mothes
1
University of Potsdam, Department of Physiology and
ß-carotene and fat-soluble vitamins A and E are accumulated during the Pathophysiology, Potsdam-Rehbruke, Germany
2
dry period in the mammary gland and secreted with colostrums together BioAnalyt GmbH, Potsdam, Germany
with the accumulated immunoglobulins. Both are of great importance for
the health of the new borne calf. In this study changes in fat-soluble Background: Fat-soluble vitamins (FSV) and ß-carotene (BC) are
vitamins A, E and ß-carotene (rpHPLC) and IgG1 (immunodiffusion) in important blood components associated with cell differentiation and
the secretion of the mammary gland during late gestation in dry dairy growth. Monitoring their blood levels is important to optimise
cows (n=12) and those which were milked until parturition (n=5) were performance of highly productive animals through optimised feeding.
compared over a total period of 11 weeks starting 8 before parturition. Currently the determination of FSV and BC from blood is a time
Results showed a biphasic increase in all components during the dry consuming and cost-intensive multi-step procedure, which needs
period. The ﬁrst approx. 30 d ap and the second closely toward parturition. speciﬁc equipment for extraction and centrifugation. Finally, FSV and
In animals with continuous lactation an increase towards parturition was BC are determined by spectrophotometric or HPLC methods in
observed as well but maximum levels were reached earlier approx. 20 ap. qualiﬁed analytical laboratories.
Absolute levels were comparable in both groups. In both groups low Aim: Aim of this study was to compare the extraction efﬁcacy of a
levels characteristic for mature milk were reached within a few days after recently introduced new and innovative one-step extraction procedure
parturition (P<0.05). The increase of fat-soluble vitamins in secretion was with standard methods.
observed despite a continuous decrease in milk fat indicating no lipid- Methods: serum or total blood samples from cows (n=172) BC were
associated transfer of these components. Similarities between IgG1 and analysed by HPLC and compared with the novel assay system for FSV
fat-soluble vitamins point to mechanism responsible for the accumulation and BC consisting the iExblood all-in-one extraction unit and by a hand
of these components in milk. Finally, the accumulation in colostrums is held photometer, the iCheck. These two components enables to extract
not effected by the dry period but related to endocrine changes associated of FSV and BC from blood without prior separation of plasma in a
with parturition. single step at cow-side. In a subset serum was extracted either with the
Key words: fat-soluble vitamins, ß-carotene, dry-period, milk, cattle disposable assay system iEx blood or the standard measurements
regularly used for HPLC analysis and ﬁnally analysed by HPLC.
522 Bovine Hepatic Function in Brachiaria Pastures from Results: BC values range from 0.32 mg/L to 15.30 mg/L. No
Southwestern of Goiás State, Brazil differences were observed between both methods for individual herds
or for all animals either measured in serum or in blood (HPLC serum vs
2 1 3 1
K. Brum , MC. Fioravanti , M. Haraguchi , LA. Silva , iCheck® serum: 3.46±2.43 vs. 3.69±2.46 and HPLC serum vs. iCheck®
4 5 1 1 1
F. Riet-Correa , JR. Borges , J. Souza , E. Campos , M. Pires , blood: 3.46±2.07 vs. 3.33±2.04. Furthermore, results correlated
1 2
A. Pinto (Pearson correlation coefﬁcient) well with HPLC analysis (r =0.98 and
1
Universidade Federal de Goiás, Escola de Veterinária, Goiânia, 0.99, serum and blood respectively, both P < 0.001). With regard to
Brazil vitamin E (VE) and vitamin A (VA) levels assayed were in the range of
2
Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, 1.38 to 8.30 mg/L and 0.21 to 0.34 mg/L respectively. No signiﬁcant
Brazil differences were observed between both methods for VE and VA
3
Intituto Biológico, Sao Paulo, Brazil measured in serum (standard extraction vs iEx extraction: 4.02±1.81
4 2
Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Centro de Saude e vs. 4.29±1.96 and 0.27±0.04 vs. 0.25±0.04 (r =0.97 and 0.82, VE and
Tecnologia Rural, PATOS, Brazil VA respectively, both P < 0.001).
5
Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Veterinária, Brasília, Brazil Conclusion: Results show that with the novel test system blood levels
of FSV and BC can easily be assessed within a few minutes at cow-side
Brachiaria species being constituted by B. brizantha (60 millions ha), B. achieving a comparable quality as with highly sophisticated time
decumbens (25 millions ha) and others (10 millions ha) which are used to consuming and expensive laboratory method such as HPLC.
livestock. Outbreaks of hepatogenous photosensitization have been Key words: fat-soluble vitamins, ß-carotene, cow-side assay,
reported in ruminants grazing B. decumbens and B. brizantha. The disease diagnostic
was attributed to the presence of Pithomyces chartarum spores, but recent
studies suggest that the steroidal saponins contained in the forage could 524 Effect of 2-Methyl-2-Phenoxyl Sodium Propionate on Lipid
initiate photosensitization outbreaks. General objectives of this study Proﬁle in Postparturient Dairy Cows
were: to determine the presence of hepatic alterations, by seric dosage of
1 2 2 2 1
hepatic enzymes activities and bilirubin values and to verify if there was a J. Bouda , MA. Blanco , J. Ávila , C. Hernández , EG. Salgado
1
relation between the quantities of saponin protodioscin, the number of P. Universidad Nacional Autonoma de México, Patologia, MEXICO,
chartarum spores and hepatic alterations. With two months of interval, six D.F., Mexico
2
harvests was taken in ten farms located in Jataí, Mineiros and Perolândia Universidad Nacional Autonoma de México, Produccion Animal:
cities, in the southwestern region of Goiás State. In each harvest the Rumiantes, MEXICO, D.F., Mexico
animals was weight and the blood samples was taken to determination the
serum activity of gama glutamyltransferasis, aspartate aminotransferase Fatty liver and ketosis are frequent metabolic disorders in dairy cows
and bilirrubin values. In each farm twenty bovines had been sampled. For during the first weeks postpartum. The compound 2-methyl-2-
the accomplishment of seric dosages standardized commercial reagents phenoxyl sodium propionate (MPSP) is an activator of the
were used. The spore count was made second a standard technique and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-a involved in energy

36 XXV. Jubilee World Buiatrics Congress 2008

Proceedings of the 25th World Buiatrics Congress, 2008 - Budapest, Hungary
Reprinted in IVIS with the permission of the Congress Organizers Close window to return to IVIS

metabolism. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of 526 Do Cows with Subclinical Milk Fever have Low Skin
the intramuscular administration of MPSP on blood serum lipid Temperature? Can We Use Skin Temperature for Diagnosis
variables and selected reproductive parameters in dairy cows. Thirty of Hypocalcaemia?
nd th
six Holstein cows within the 2 and 4 lactation with body condition
1 2 3 1
score between 3.5 and 4.5, 10 to 6 days before expected calving date L. Carstensen , U. Doerfeld , J. Deitmer , L. Nielsen
1
were randomly divided into two groups. Group 1 (n=18) received Boehringer Ingelheim Denmark, Division Vetmedica, Copenhagen,
three application of 50 mL (5 g of MPSP) at 20 day-intervals. The Denmark
2
first application was 10 to 6 days prepartum, the second and the third Veterinary Practice, Reinsberg, Germany
3
administration were 10 d and 30 d postpartum, respectively. Group 2 Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica GmbH, Ingelheim am Rhein,
(n=18) receiving no treatment. Blood samples were collected in all Germany
cows from tail vein on day 10 to 6 before expected parturition date
and on day 10, 30 and 40 after calving. Serum free fatty acids (FFA), Objectives: Subclinical hypocalcaemia, which may precede clinical
b-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), cholesterol (CHOL) and triacylglycerols milk fever or may stay subclinical, is characterised by low level of
(TG) were measured. The results were analyzed with repeated blood calcium without the clinical signs of milk fever. Subclinical milk
measures analysis of variance. A Chi-square test evaluated the fever is difﬁcult to diagnose, but also affects cows due to reducing the
proportion of cows with increased concentrations of FFA (>0.4 rumen function and dry matter intake (1) and increasing the risk of
mmol/L) and BHB (>1.4 mmol/L). There were no significant secondary post parturient disorders (2). The aim of the present study
difference in FFA and BHB between Group 1 and Group 2 (P>0.05). was to investigate the association between blood ionized calcium level
Before parturition, BHB concentrations were lower than those after (iCa) and ear skin temperature (EST). A second aim was to make a
calving (P<0.05). The concentrations of CHOL and TG were higher model to predict iCa from EST, and to evaluate whether measurement
in Group 1 on days 10 and 40 (P<0.05). There was no difference in of EST can be used as an indicator of subclinical hypocalcaemia and
the proportion of cows with increased FFA between both groups after early diagnosis of clinical milk fever.
parturition (P>0.05). The proportion of cows with increased Materials and methods: The study was conducted in a large
concentrations of FFA (>0.4 mmol/L) before calving was higher in commercial dairy herd in Germany. EST was measured in triplicate at
Group 1 (P<0.05). The number of cases of subclinical ketosis (BHB two well deﬁned areas at the cow ear with an infrared light
>1.4 mmol/L) was lower in Group 1 at days 30 and 40 postpartum thermometer in 57 Friesian Holstein cows immediately before and after
(P<0.05). The open days were lower in Group 1 (109.9) in calving. Blood was drawn from Vena jugularis in serum vacutainers
comparison with Group 2 (118.5) (P<0.05). The preventive and the iCa was measured immediately with a VetStat analyser
administration of MPSP reduced the frequency of subclinical ketosis (IDEXX). Triple measurements of room air temperature (RAT) were
and increased the serum concentration of CHOL and TG during the also recorded. Data were analysed in SAS using ANOVA with EST as
first 40 days postpartum. response variable, and iCa, RAT, parity as independent variables.
Key words: PPAR-alpha, dairy cow, lipid proﬁle Hereafter simulations were made in order to ﬁnd the optimal inverse
model with iCa as response variable and EST, RAT and parity as
525 Ammonia Detoxication Efﬁcacy in Cattle Adapted or not to independent variables.
Dietary Urea and afterwards Undergone to Different Results and conclusion: The results showed that the EST after
Privation Periods parturition was dependent on iCa, parity and RAT. The effect of parity
st nd
was that 1 and 2 parity cows were sometimes hypocalcaemic, but
1 2 2 2 2
N. Santos , E. Ortolani , C. Mori , A. Antonelli , M. Sucupira , did not show signs of reduced peripheral blood perfusion as measured
3 rd th
S. Kitamura by EST. In 3 to 5 parity cows, the EST was positively correlated
1
Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Veterinary Medicine, with iCa. There was a strong effect also of RAT, which hence should be
Recife, Brazil maintained in the model.
2
Universidade de Sao Paulo, Department of Clinical Science, Sao It was possible to make several models to predict iCa from EST. The
Paulo, Brazil sensitivity and speciﬁcity of these models for use as a diagnostic
3
Universidade Anhembi Morumbi, Department of Veterinary indicator of hypocalcaemia however were too low. With more data it
Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil may be possible to develop a valid predictive model.
Key words: dairy cows, hypocalcaemia, skin temperature, diagnostic
Objectives of study: This study was carried out to investigate the models
recommendation stated by HUBER (1978) that there is a need to re-
adapted cattle that were fed previously with dietary urea, but 527 Effect of Feed Supplementation on Health and Milk Yield of
subsequently were deprived of this nutrient for more than 3 d. Dairy Cows Grazing Endophyte Infested (N. lolii) Yatsyn-1
Materials and methods: Twenty four steers fed a low crude protein Ryegrass Pastures
ration, deprived of urea, were randomly distributed into 5 equal groups,
1 1 1 1 2
and were fed as follows: O (control; basal diet); the remaining groups F. Lanuza , H. Uribe , A. Torres , E. Cisternas , O. Araya ,
2 3 1 1 1
(A,B, C and D) were fed the basal diet + urea (1% D.M.) for 21 d; F. Wittwer , S. Moyano , C. Uribe , L. Angulo , M. Villagra
1
afterwards the groups B,C and D were fed only the basal diet for 4, 15 Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias INIA-Remehue,
and 30 d, respectively. Thereafter, all steers were challenged with an Producción Animal, Osorno, Chile
2
intravenous infusion of ammonium chloride (1.5 M) up to the outcome Universidad Austral de Chile, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias,
of convulsion when the infusion was stopped. Throughout the infusion Valdivia, Chile
3
and for 3 h later clinical examination was carried out; blood samples Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias INIA-La Platina,
and whole urine were also collected. Agricultura Sustentable, Santiago, Chile
Results: The steers adapted to urea (A,B,C and D) needed a greater
amount of ammonium chloride to cause convulsion (p < 0.001) and The aim of this trial was to evaluate the effect of adding feed
took longer to exhibited this symptom than the control group. As supplements on dairy cows grazing N. lolli infested ryegrass and
compared to the control, all the adapted groups, but the C, had a less white clover permanent pastures. The feed supplements were added
severe clinical picture and recovered sooner, and did not require any to minimize the presentation of the ryegrass stagger syndrome. The
medical treatment after the end of the experiment. This resistance was research used 16.2 ha of Yatsyn-1 ryegrass and white clover pasture
due a faster fall in the blood ammonia level, caused by a greater activity of the dairy unit at the Remehue Regional Research Centre. The land
of the urea cycle, excretion of a higher excretion of ammonium and was subdivided in 3 sections, each one of 6 to 9 paddock of the same
urinary volume. It was demonstrated that the higher the production and area. Thirty-nine cows calving in spring and after lactation peak, from
excretion urea by the kidneys, the greater the diuresis, that by its turn December 2001 to March 2002, were used. The pasture was grazed
increased the excretion of ammonium into the urine improving the when it had a grass availability of 1,800-2,200 k DM/ha. Switching
efﬁciency of detoxiﬁcation, principally at the most critic moment of the decision to a new paddock was taken when residual grass was 6 cm
st
poisoning (from the convulsion up to 1 h later). height measured with falling plate meter. Cows were assigned to a
Conclusions: It was concluded that cattle fed previously with urea and repeated measurements random block design into three treatments:
afterwards restricted of urea for up to 30 d do not require a new re- I Grazing + 0.15 kg mineral salt supplementation; II Grazing + 30 kg
adaptation period, contradicting Huber’s axiom. silage and .15 kg mineral salt supplementation; III Grazing + 5.6 kg
Key words: urea, cattle, ammonia, intoxication concentrated feed, 0.15 mineral salt and 0.2 kg sodium bicarbonate.

Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders 37

Proceedings of the 25th World Buiatrics Congress, 2008 - Budapest, Hungary
Reprinted in IVIS with the permission of the Congress Organizers Close window to return to IVIS

Water was offered ad-libitum. Feed supplements were offered in the 529 Evaluation of Some Commonly Used Nutrition Software for
milking parlor (treatments I and III) and 2-3 hours before milking Predicting Dry Matter Intake of Holstein Cows during the
(treatment II). Stocking rate for the 86 days trial were 2.07, 2.08 and Mid-Lactation
2.57 cows/ha for treatments I, II and III, respectively. In forage
1 2 2
samples, in average, concentration (mg/Kg DM) of Lolitrem B M. Taghinejad roudbaneh , A. Nikkhah , M. Kazemi
1
(0.9±0.1) was higher than Ergovaline (0.5±0.1). Daily milk yield, Islamic Azad University Tabriz, Animal Science Department, Tabriz,
b ab a
adjusted to 4% fat content, was 12.9 , 14.5 and 15 L. for treatments Iran
2
I, II and III, respectively (P<0.05). Although some forage samples University of Tehran, Animal Science Department, Karaj, Iran
had a concentration of 1.53 mg/kg DM, observation of the cows, on
grazing paddocks and milking parlor, did not provide evidences of Diets are typically formulated based on nutrient density. Because
ryegrass stagger clinical signs. Serum activity of Aspartate nutrient intake is a function of dry matter intake (DMI), predicting DMI
aminotransferase (AST) and Gama-glutamiltransferase (GGT) were precisely and accurately is important to prepare balanced rations when
between reference ranges. Creatine kinase (CK) was above reference on farm estimates of feed intake are not available (Hayirli et al., 2003).
range but was at permitted range for samples taken after physical Lack of accuracy in prediction of feed intake can affect on animal
exercise. It is concluded that feed supplementation has a dilution performance, animal health or environmental impacts of dairy industry
effect on toxic intake; however, in weather conditions with low (Fox et al., 2004). There are different software based on scientiﬁc
rainfall and high humidity, leaving residual grass of 6 cm, did not models to formulating dairy cows’ rations that predicted DMI can be
allow us to observe clinical signs of ryegrass stagger syndrome in non different among them. The objective of this investigation was to
supplemented grazing cows. evaluate the 2001 Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle, CNCPS
99C5AT FDI-CORFO/INIA Project Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System, CPM-Dairy Cornell
Key words: supplementation, grazing dairy cow, endophyte Pennsylvania Miner and Spartan dairy ration balancer soft wares in
predicting DMI of lactating dairy cows in mid-lactation. 32 lactating
528 Assessment of Three Sources Used for Magnesium Holstein cows averaging BW=632±29kg, DIM=55±12d and
Supplementation in Grazing Dairy Cows MY=32±0.85kg were randomly assigned in a CRB design that each
treatment has 4 cows in second and 4 cows in third lactation period.
G. Wittwer, D. Scandolo, H. Chihuailaf, L. Böhmwald, A. Contreras Four rations using the same feedstuff and similar inputs (BW=650kg,
Universidad Austral de Chile, Facultad Ciencias Veterinarias, DIM=60d, MY=32kg, Milk fat=3.5% and Milk protein=3.2%) were
Valdivia, Chile formulated by each software for each group of cows. The formulated
rations fed individually for 90 days three times a day to allow 10% feed
Objective: Evaluate the effect of three magnesium (Mg) sources refusal. Daily DMI and other trait were recorded. Data were analyzed
supplementation on plasma and urinary excretion of (Mg) in dairy using GLM procedure of SAS (1999). Differences for MY and milk
cows at pasture consuming grass with high potassium content. composition were not signiﬁcant between four groups. The variables
Material and Methods: Experimental animals were 27 Frisian used to evaluate DMI prediction were MSPE, MPE and RPE as
lactating cows, grazing on pastures, mostly Lollium sp, ( Mg= 0,17%; explained follow: MSPE = mean square prediction error (kg2/d), MPE
K= 2,68% DMB). Cows were distributed in 4 groups and supplement = mean prediction error (kg/d); RPE =relative prediction error (%). By
with 30 g/d p.o as MgSO4, MgO or MgHPO4 administered in one dose increasing the RPE rate, accuracy of the DMI prediction decrease. The
th
after the morning milking during 5 consecutive days. The 4 group RPE for NRC2001, Spartan, CNCPS and CPM-Dairy were
remained as control. Blood and urine samples were obtained on days 0, respectively 7.16%, 8.10%, 10.80% and 12.63%. The results of the
1, 5 and 12 (7 days after supplementation). Plasma and urine Mg present study showed that NRC 2001 predicts DMI more accurately
concentrations were determined by AAS. The clearance of urinary Mg than Spartan, CNCPS and CPM-Dairy. DMI prediction in NRC 2001
was also calculated (CUM = Mg-U/creatinina-U). Differences between and Spartan is base of empirical equations. So they have more
periods were determined by repeated measures ANOVA test with a conformity to actual DMI monitored in farm.
signiﬁcance of 95% Key words: nutrition software, dry matter intake
Results: Mg supplementation with the three sources had not signiﬁcant
effect (p>0.05) in the plasma Mg values. CUM values increases 530 Atypical Interstitial Pneumonia Associated with Sweet Potato
(p<0.05) when MgHPO4 was used, also in the MgO group, but in a less (Ipomea batatas) Poisoning in Adult Beef Cows in the UK
and shorter extension (Table 1). The morning ruminal environment of
1 2 1 1
cows grazing high K content pastures could allow a better utilization of I. Mawhinney , S. Trickey , N. Woodger , J. Payne
1
Mg when phosphate is used compared to oxide; and sulphate seems not Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Bury St. Edmonds, United
to be a efﬁcient way to supplement Mg. CUM determination has a Kingdom
2
better sensitivity to evaluate Mg balance than plasma Mg concentration Veterinary Practice, Norwich, United Kingdom
Table 1. Plasma magnesium concentration and clearance of urinary
magnesium, CUM (mean ± SD), before, during (days 1 and 5) and after Sweet potato (Ipomea batatas) poisoning in adult cattle causes acute
(day 12) a supplementation with 30 g of magnesium as sulphate, oxide respiratory distress and atypical interstitial pneumonia, and is frequently
or phosphate. associated with a high case mortality rate. It has been described in various
countries worldwide, such as USA, Japan, Australia and Brazil, and is
Plasma magnesium (mmol/L) caused by ipomeanol toxins associated with certain fungal infections of
damaged tubers. In the case reported here, six beef cows died, and one
Days 0 1 5 12 heifer and a bull recovered, after acute respiratory distress, 8-12 days after
MgSO4 (n=7) 0,61±0,06 0,62±0,06 0,65±0,07 0,66±0,07 introduction of sweet potato tubers at 7kg per head per day. None of the
MgO (n=7) 0,54±0,17 0,54±0,17 0,60±0,16 0,55±0,09 seven unweaned suckler calves showed signs of toxicity, nor did 3 other
MgHPO4 (n=7) 0,60±0,08 0,60±0,12 0,70±0,17 0,62±0,09 in-calf heifers with access to the tubers. Animals did not seem to respond
Control (n=6) 0,47±0,11 0,42±0,06 0,46±0,10 0,49±0,12 to treatments and deaths occured within hours of ﬁrst clinical signs. Two
of the cows were necropised at one of the VLA’s regional laborotories.
CUM (mmol/L) Pathological changes, conﬁrmed by histopathology, were characteristic of
an atypical interstitial pneumonia. Samples of the tubers that were fed
MgSO4 (n=7) 1,44±0,35a 1,71±0,28a 1,82±0,50a 1,32±0,44a were tested for fungal contamination. Fusarium solani mould was found
MgO (n=7) 1,41±0,38ab 1,66±0,34ab 1,85±0,53b 1,24±0,46a in the tubers, which were purchased as damaged stock from a wholesale
MgHPO4 (n=7) 1,43±0,45a 2,07±0,27b 2,35±0,47b 1,37±0,44a vegetable market. Sweet potatoes have a high energy concentration and
a
Control (n=6) 0,99±0,11 0,81±0,19a 1,06±0,18a 0,84±0,33a are palatable but they have been associated with a variety of health effects,
one of which is acute respiratory distress characterised by development of
a, b, c
= P<0.05 between periods; a, b, c = P<0.05 between periods an atypical interstitial pneumonia clinically and pathologically
indistinguishable from fog fever. The toxic compounds in sweet potato
Conclusions: The MgHPO4 present a better bioavailability than MgO toxicity have been extensively investigated by American and Japanese
and MgSO4 seems ineffective when used as supplement for Mg in cows workers. Damaged tubers produce 3-substitued furans compounds such as
at pasture with high K content. ipomeamarone, itself a hepatotoxin, which are then metabolised by
Key words: cows, magnesium various fungi into other related toxins such as ipomeanine, 1-ipomeanol,

38 XXV. Jubilee World Buiatrics Congress 2008

Proceedings of the 25th World Buiatrics Congress, 2008 - Budapest, Hungary
Reprinted in IVIS with the permission of the Congress Organizers Close window to return to IVIS

4-ipomeanol and 1,4 ipomeanol. These compounds when absorbed into regime was also evaluated. Evaluation of milk yield was based on data
the animal are further converted by microsomal activity in pneumocytes of previous milking records. In 10/18 ﬂocks, the subclinical mastitis,
to a toxic lung oedema factor, which is responsible for the pulmonary caused by coagulase negative Staphylococcus spp. or Streptococcus spp,
pathology. The increased use of sweet potatoes for human consumption in was the reason for the reduced milk yield. In other ﬂocks the reasons
the UK was noted as early as 1975 by Coxon and others. They are now were contagious agalactia conﬁrmed by isolation of Mycoplasma
grown in Europe and increasingly fed as a by-products to cattle. This is agalactiae in milk cultures (1 ﬂock), inappropriate and unbalanced
believed to be the ﬁrst such case published in the UK. nutrition with a ration containing suboptimal protein (1 ﬂock), chronic
Key words: sweet-potato, toxicity, respiratory, interstitial, pneumonia ruminal acidosis (1 ﬂock) or Maedi-Visna conﬁrmed by PCR, serum test
for antibodies and histological ﬁndings in mammary glands (2 ﬂocks). A
531 Key Hepatic Gluconeogenesis Enzymes Activity in Response combination of the above factors was observed in 3/18 ﬂocks, while in
to Long-term Glucose Infusion in Dairy Cows one ﬂock these factors were coupled with intense gastrointestinal
parasitism. The results conﬁrm that subcilincal mastitis is the major
1 1 2 1 2
B. Al-Trad , K. Reisberg , T. Wittek , G. Gäbel , M. Fürll , reason for reduced milk yield. The role of different pathogens and the
1
J.R. Aschenbach need for proper management of animals in individual ﬂocks imply that
1
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Institute of the clinical and diagnostic approach should involve a farm investigation
Animal Physiology, Leipzig, Germany before any measures are taken.
2
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Medizinische Key words: dairy ewes, milk, mastitis
Tierklinik, Leipzig, Germany
533 The Relation of ante Partum Backfat Thickness with
Background and Aims: Periparturient ketosis in dairy cows is Metabolic Disorders and Fertility Problems in Dairy Cows - a
characterized by an imbalance of glucose and lipid metabolism. Long Term Study
Insufﬁcient gluconeogenesis is thought to be primarily caused by a lack
1 2 3 4
of glucogenic precursors due to negative energy balance. However, it is H. Pothmann-Reichl , F. Zimmer , I. Sommerfeld-Stur , C. Iben
1
not clear whether insufﬁcient catalytic capacity of gluconeogenic University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Teaching and Research
enzymes might contribute to insufﬁcient glucose production Farm, Vienna, Austria
2
postpartum. The purpose of the present study was to investigate (1) Veterinary Clinic, Private Veterinary Practice, Oberkirchen,
whether a positive energy balance due to chronic glucose infusion has Germany
3
a depressive effect on selected gluconeogenesis enzymes activity in University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Clinical Department of
dairy cows and (2) how quick such depressive effect might be reversed Animal Breeding and Reproduction, Vienna, Austria
4
after stopping surplus glucose supply. University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Department of Veterinary
Material and Methods: Twelve midlactation dairy cows were Public Health and Food Sciences, Vienna, Austria
maintained over a 28 d experimental period on continuous intravenous
infusion of either saline (control group, six cows) or 40% glucose ObjectivesIn this retrospective study the inﬂuence of post partum change
solutions (treatment group, six cows). The infusion dose was calculated of back fat thickness (BFT) in cattle on fertility, metabolic problems,
as a percentage of daily energy (NEL) requirements, starting at 1.25% mastitis and milk yield was investigated. It is hypothesised that a higher
and increasing by 1.25%/d until a maximum dose of 30% was reached. decrease of back fat thickness post partum (p.p) has a negative impact on
Dose was then maintained at 30% for 5 d. No infusions were made fertility and fat metabolism. Animals, materials and methodsFive dairy
between d 29-32. Blood samples were taken every 2 d and liver farms in Germany (292 cows) and two farms in Austria (111 cows)
biopsies were taken on d 0, 8, 16, 24, and 32. participated in this trial and 1045 lactation periods were analysed. The
Results: Blood glucose and insulin concentrations showed only slight and back fat thickness was measured with an ultrasound (3.5 MHz) between
occasional increases while NEFA and BUN concentrations decreased by the tuber coxae and the tuber ischiadicum at the following days: 8 weeks
glucose infusion. Liver glycogen increased progressively during glucose ante partum (a.p.), 42 days a.p., day of parturition, 42 days and 100 days
infusion until reaching plateau between d 16 and 24. Liver glycogen fell p.p. The programme “Inter-Herd”(Interagri, Earley Gate, UK) was used to
back to baseline values on d 32 after cessation of glucose infusion. During record the data. Statistic evaluation was done by SPSS for Windows
the infusion period, no signiﬁcant changes were observed in the activities 14.0.1 using odds ratio (OR >1 increased risk, OR <1 decreased risk) as
of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and glucose 6-phosphatase. risk parameter and a signiﬁcance level of p<0.05 and a conﬁdence interval
Fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase decreased and pyruvate carboxylase tended of 95%. ResultsA signiﬁcant increased risk for cycling problems (OR
to decrease in the treatment group during the high dose of glucose infusion 0.56), for mastitis (OR 0.48) and for abomasal displacement (OR 0.07)
(i.e. infusion dose of 20% & 30% NEL requirements) but quickly returned was found in cows with a BFT loss over 35 % within 42 days p.p. The
to baseline after stopping the infusion. relative chance for cows with BFT loss less than 35% within 42 days p.p.
Conclusion: The activity of key hepatic gluconeogenesis enzymes in to develop displaced abomasum is very low compared to those who lost
lactating dairy cows is not signiﬁcantly affected by long-term increases more than 35 % BFT. The same limit of BFT loss was found for cows
in glucose supply. Excessive glucose improves body tissues energy within 100 days p.p. concerning mastitis (OR 0.49) and ketosis (OR 0.37).
status without impairing the role of liver as the main source of glucose For cows within 42 days p.p. and a BFT loss over 40% the results showed
production in dairy cows. Thus, dysregulation of gluconeogenic a signiﬁcant higher risk for developing orthopaedic problems (OR 0.29).
enzymes activity by a positive energy balance pre-partum is likely not ConclusionIn general body condition scoring is an important instrument
a major cause of postpartum metabolic disturbances. to monitor feeding management. It is a practical tool for veterinarians as
well as for farmers. Measuring BFT is an even more objective method to
532 Milk Drop Syndrome in Dairy Ewes: Clinical and Diagnostic evaluate body condition and a key for professional herd health
Approach management. Feeding strategies that aim for a reduced loss of BFT
(<35%) after parturition have a positive impact on herd health.
1 1 2 3 1
N. Giadinis , G. Arsenos , G. Fthenakis , P. Tsakos , C. Dovas Key words: cattle, backfat, ultrasound, metabolic, fertility
1
School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki,
Greece, Greece 534 Trace Element Deﬁciency in the Azorean Cattle: an Animal
2
University of Thessaly, Thessaloniki, Greece Production, Health and Economical Constraint
3
Institute of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Centre of Veterinary
1 1 2
Institutes of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece C. Pinto , J. Viana , P. Aranha
1
Serviço de Desenvolvimento Agrário de Sao Miguel, Veterinária,
“Milk drop syndrome” in dairy sheep is a problem with considerable Ponta Delgada, Portugal
2
ﬁnancial implications. However, it has not been thoroughly investigated Sociedade Açoreana de Sabnes, Veterinária, Ponta Delgada,
and research data are scarce. In this paper, we present the results of a Portugal
study, carried out from 2003 to 2007, into the factors involved in milk
drop syndrome reported in 18 ﬂocks of dairy sheep in Northern Greece. Dairy cattle production represents the principal industry of the Azores
5
The appropriate clinical and diagnostic approach is also discussed. In archipelago, responsible for 27% (4,5x10 tonnes) of all Portuguese
each ﬂock, ﬁve adult ewes were selected randomly among those with milk production. Cattle are reared all-year-round on intensive grazing
reported milk drop. Samples of blood, milk and faecal samples were systems; soils are of volcanic origin with some natural trace element
collected from these animals throughout a milking period. Their feeding (TE) deﬁciencies. In order to identify TE deﬁciencies in cattle (Zn, Cu,

Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders 39

Proceedings of the 25th World Buiatrics Congress, 2008 - Budapest, Hungary
Reprinted in IVIS with the permission of the Congress Organizers Close window to return to IVIS

Se, I and Co) more than 500 blood samples were analyzed from 70 536 The Effect of Time of Selenium Application before the
herds, several of them with problems of infertility, abortions, Slaughter on their Concentration in Blood and Selected
premature calving, weak calves, enzootic haematuria and high somatic Tissues in Goats
cell counts. The majority (91%) of the analysis were performed in
Holstein-Friesian (HF) cattle, of which 284 were milking cows (MC), L. Sevcikova, A. Pechova, L. Misurova, L. Pavlata, R. Dvorak
129 heifers (H), 13 calves (C), 43 bullﬁght cattle (BF) and 12 beef University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Clinic of
cattle (B). The results of the TE survey indicate that 92% of the animals Ruminants, Brno, Czech Republic
had both low levels of plasmatic iodine and thyroxin (T4) 84% of the
herds had at least one animal with Co deﬁciency (75% BF cattle, 54% The aim of the experiment was to evaluate selenium distribution in
B cattle, 51% H and 37% MC). About 31% of the MC had low levels ruminant organism at different time intervals after the parenteral
of Se (glutathione peroxidase, GSH-Px1) and serum Cu, as well as 38% application. Twenty white shorthaired goats aged 6 months and
of serum Zn. The most severe deﬁciencies were identiﬁed in the heifers weighing 29.3 kg on average were enrolled in the trial and divided to
group. To complement these data, 7 clinical trials were developed four groups. Animals of each group were given Selevit inj. ad us. vet.
using HF reared on pasture grazing systems. In each trial there were BIOTIKA (natrii selenis 2.2 mg/ml, tocoferoli acetas 25 mg/ml)
two randomly constituted groups: a control group and a group have intramuscularly in neck musculature in the dose of 0.2 ml/ kg live
given extra feed supplements. The individual weights of animals were weight. Selevit was applied in the ﬁrst group (D7, n=5) 7 days, in the
measured every 14 days. Blood samples were taken at the beginning second group (D3, n=5) 3 days and in the third group (D1, n=5) 1 day
and end of the trials for TE levels and blood cell counts. Different before the slaughter. On the day of the slaughter, blood samples were
supplementation protocols and products were implemented in each taken by puncturing vena jugularis. Immediately after the slaughter,
trial. The clinical trial results indicate that TE supplemented yearlings tissue samples of liver, spleen, pancreas, kidneys, testicles, lungs and
had signiﬁcantly higher productive output and hematological heart, diaphragm, tongue, thigh and neck musculature were taken. The
parameters than the controls. The least laborious, most consistent and samples were mineralized in microwave oven MILESTONE MLS
reliable supplementation system studied, was obtained with the intra- 1200 and the concentration of selenium was determined by AAS
ruminal slow releasing bolus (SRB) from Alltrace, Agrimin (UK). hydride technique using SOLAAR M 6 (UNICAM) appliance.
However, similar results were obtained when Se and I were added to Blood concentration of selenium was measured in µg/l; tissue
the drinking water. A TE survey should be included in the sanitary and concentration was measured in µg/kg of fresh tissue. The results show
management plans for each herd in order to enhance animal that selenium concentration in blood and all the examined organs and
performance and health, as well as farm proﬁtability. tissues increased following Selevit application. As compared with
Key words: cattle, trace elements, mineral deﬁciency, azores control group (C), all experimental groups (D1, D3, D7) showed
signiﬁcantly higher selenium concentrations: blood (133.0, 150.4,
535 Inﬂuence of Postpartum Propylene Glycol Supplementation 177.6 vs. 93.7), plasma (84.6, 86.6, 113.1 vs. 46.3), liver (616.95,
on Metabolism, Animal Health, Reproductive Performance 485.91, 539.5 vs. 170), spleen (171.3, 170.9, 194.4 vs. 133. 5),
and Production in Dairy Cows pancreas (203.0, 222.8, 250.3, vs. 158.6), myocardium (128.6, 135.4,
153.5 vs. 88.4), diaphragm musculature (66.5, 66.2, 78.4 vs. 51.4),
M. Iwersen, U. Falkenberg, R. Voigtsberger, W. Padberg, tongue musculature (128.6, 135.4, 153.5 vs. 88.4), neck musculature
A. Mertin, W. Heuwieser (63.4, 68.5, 149.6 vs. 43.0). As far as selenium distribution dynamics is
Freie Universität Berlin, Tierklinik für Fortpﬂanzung, Berlin, concerned, the highest concentrations were found in blood, plasma,
Germany spleen, pancreas, lungs, and heart, diaphragm and thigh musculature
1 day after the application. Later on, the values kept decreasing. On the
The effect of postpartum (pp) supplementation of 250g propylene contrary, selenium concentration in liver and kidneys were highest 7
glycol (Propy) per cow and day via a total mixed ration (TMR) on days after the application. This indicates that selenium deposited
th
metabolism, animal health, reproductive performance and milk slower in these organs and its concentration was increasing until the 7
production was studied on a commercial dairy farm in Germany. day after the application.
A total of 258 multiparous Holstein-Friesian cows were enrolled in a The work was realized with the support of MSM Project No.
randomized and controlled ﬁeld study. On the basis of expected calving 6215712403
date and previous milk production animals were blocked and allocated
to one of the two treatment groups. The TMR fed in group 1 (Control, 537 Correlations between Milk Fat Content and Fatty Acid
n=131) was supplemented with Propy before offering it to group 2 Composition in Cows Receiving Different Lipid Supplements
(Study, n=127). The TMR was mixed and offered twice daily for a at Four Dietary Fiber Levels
period of 40 days pp. Blood samples were collected within 12 hours at
1 1 2 1
the day of parturition, on day four, ten, twenty and forty. Samples were H. Fébel , J. Várhegyi , J. Schmidt , I. Várhegyi
1
centrifuged and serum was stored at 20 °C until analysis. Body Research Institute for Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Herceghalom,
Condition Score (BCS) and Back Fat Measurement (BFT) values were Hungary
2
recorded on the same days. Serum samples were shipped to one University of West Hungary, Mosonmagyaróvár, Hungary
commercial laboratory for the determination of Nonesteriﬁed fatty
acids (NEFA), Betahydroxybutyrate (BHBA), Triglycerides, Ketone The fat content and milk fatty acid (FA) composition are inﬂuenced by a
bodies, Bilirubin, Glucose and activities of Aspartate-aminotransferase number of interacting dietary factors including the amount of ﬁber, the
(AST), Glutamate-dehydrogenase (GLDH), Alanine-aminotansferase proportion of concentrate to forage, and fat supplement. The rate of
(ALT) and g-glutamyl-transferase (GGT). Metabolic parameters were ruminal degradation of ﬁber in feeds for lactating cows has received
analysed by a 6-step UNIANOVA with repeated measurements using limited attention. The aim of this trial was to investigate the effect of
SPSS®-Software. ALT, GGT, GLDH, Insulin, Bilirubin and Glucose feeding total mixed ratios (TMR) of different ﬁber level and to study
were comparable between the two groups. Concentrations of AST, different ruminal degradation rate of neutral detergent ﬁber (NDF) on
Triglycerides, BHBA and Ketone bodies were signiﬁcantly (p<0.05) milk fat content and FA composition. Milk fat content and FA
inﬂuenced by treatment. Concentration of AST, Triglycerides, BHBA composition were evaluated in 4 dairy units (A, B, C and D) using
and Ketone bodies indicated a better metabolic situation, especially on lactating Holstein cows fed TMR with 40.6% (A); 37.9% (B); 36.3% (C);
day four, ten and twenty pp for cows treated with propylene glycol. 32.1% (D) NDF content. Diets were markedly different in rates of ruminal
Referring to the test day results from the local dairy herd improvement degradation of NDF. The TMR in farm A had 6.5%/h; B=8.0%/h;
association the total yield of fat corrected milk (FCM, 4 %) did not C=6.3%/h and lowest value was in farm D, 4.9%/h. The diets differed in
differ between the two treatment groups in a period of 305 days pp. FA composition. The lowest proportion of saturated FA (19.5%) and the
Also milk composition was not affected by treatment. Neither highest polyunsaturated FA content (51.1%) were in diet D. TMR in farm
reproductive performance nor changes of BCS or BFT during the study C contained higher proportion of oleic acid (30.4%) and linolenic acid
period were signiﬁcantly inﬂuenced by treatment. Although indicators (6.3%) and the lowest amount of linoleic acid (37.9%). Milk fat content
of metabolic status were improved by pp use of propylene glycol, differed among the farms, the values were 3.77%, 3.47%; 3.61%; 3.9%,
economic beneﬁts are questionable for dairy farms with good respectively. The highest value (3.9%) was obtained in farm D where the
management programs. As most important economic factors milk cows received the lowest NDF content TMR. Cows in farm D had
production and milk composition were not inﬂuenced supplementing signiﬁcantly lower percentage of trans11-18:1 and conjugated linoleic
Propy in a TMR fed pp. acid (cis-9 trans-11 C18:2; CLA) in milk fat. In contrast, cows in farm B

40 XXV. Jubilee World Buiatrics Congress 2008

Proceedings of the 25th World Buiatrics Congress, 2008 - Budapest, Hungary
Reprinted in IVIS with the permission of the Congress Organizers Close window to return to IVIS

had greater trans11-18:1 percentage in milk fat (2.39%) this response administration by stomach tube of 4 L water. (W); 3) same as group
resulted in lower milk fat (3.47%). In the farm C the percentage of CLA, 2, plus a single dose 2 mg furosemide/kg BW (iv) (F); 4) injection of
the ratio of trans11-18:1 to CLA and the ratio (6:3) of FA were very 5 mL/kg BW hypertonic saline solution (HSS) (7.2 %) (iv)
beneﬁcial according to human health demands. Milk fat content was throughout the first 30 min, followed by 20 mL/ kg BW of ISS and 4
negatively correlated to trans11-18:1 percentage (r=-0.93) and to CLA in L W.; 5) Same as group 4 and a single dose of F. For the next 4 h
the milk fat (r=-0.85). Our data suggest that rate of ruminal degradation of after the convulsion several clinical variables and the blood
NDF inﬂuences the milk fat content. Results showed that there was a concentration of ammonia, glucose, lactate, urea, creatinine, sodium
negative correlation between milk fat content and degradation rate of and potassium, hemogasometric profile, urine global volume and
NDF (r=-0.91). It can be assumed, that even suboptimal ﬁber levels in urinary excretion of ammonium, urea and creatinine were followed.
TMR containing slower degradable ﬁber may be sufﬁcient to maintain The clinical picture seen just before the treatment was classical and
proper rumen fermentation and level of milk fat synthesis. This ﬁnding caused a characteristic systemic metabolic acidosis, compensated by
suggests that in the TMR of cows not only the quantity of ﬁber fractions reduction in the pCO2, hyperlactemia and hyperglycemia. At the
(NDF, ADF) has to be determined, but even their degradation rate should convulsion the ammonia blood levels were high and similar among
th
be taken into consideration. the groups, but at the 120 min the animals treated with HSS had
lower values than the control. The HSS infusion caused, during the
538 The Effect of Antioxidant and Omega-3 fatty acid first 30 min. a marked reduction in the packet cell volume and the
Supplement on Metabolic Status and Reproductive heart rate. On the other hand, furosemide provoked an increase in the
Performance in Postpartum Dairy Cows heart rate and neither prevented the onset of lung edema, nor an
increase in the total excretion of urine. Cattle treated with HSS stood
1 1 1 2 1
F. Tóth , Gy. Gábor , O. Balogh , G. Koppány , H. Fébel up and had the return of the rumen movements earlier than other
1
Research Institute for Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Herceghalom, groups. The therapy with HSS still increased the urinary volume and
Hungary the total urinary excretion of urea and ammonium during the critical
2 st
Vitafort Ltd., Dabas, Hungary 1 h of treatment, while the use of ISS had intermediate results. The
efficiency of the treatment with HSS or ISS as seen by some
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of different variables of clinical improvement was better than the control group.
supplements on metabolic status, the onset of cyclic ovarian and the The higher the urinary urea excretion was, the greater the ammonia
rate of re-conception function in the postpartum (pp.) period. The study elimination became. Although with lower efficiency as seen in the
was carried out on 66 pp. Holstein cows. The cows were fed the same treatment with HSS, the ISS caused an improvement in the clinical
total mixed ration in dry period and 5-7 pp. days were divided into the picture and at the end of the experiment generated an adequate
control (C) (n=16) and the experimental (E) group (n=50). The feed of ammonia detoxification.
E was supplemented with extra beta carotene, vitamin E, inactivated Key words: ammonia intoxication (treatment), hypertonic,
yeast, selenium and microelement chelates until 50 pp. d.; from 50 pp. furosemide, cattle
days onwards the supplement was only 200 g grinded linseed (W3 fatty
acid supplement). The average milk yield of E cows was 3 kg/day 540 Environmental Low Phosphorus Induced the Erythrocytic
higher than C cows from 8th to 120th lactation day. The plasma level of Membrane Damage: a Pathogenesis of Endemic
BHB was higher in the E group. While both groups showed elevated Haemoglobinuria in Dairy Cattle
NEFA level on day 30, only C group had increased NEFA
concentration on day 50. Plasma concentration of urea was lower in the JL. Li, Q. Si, FQ. Shi, SW. Xu
E group on day 90 and 120 pp. Serum level of carotene in the E group Northeast Agricultural University, College of Veterinary Medicine,
was higher during the whole experiment. P4 concentrations between Harbin, China
Days 18 and 39 after AI were greater for cows fed linseed
supplementation than the control cows. According to the P4 proﬁle Objectives: Dairy cattle could display haemoglobinuria when
more than 80 % of the E group had cyclic ovarian activity versus only phosphorus was deﬁcient in food, especially in environmental low
62.5% of the C group. Although, the conception at ﬁrst AI (41.2 vs. phosphorus in some regions. Endemic haemoglobinuria in dairy cattle
57.1 %) and the overall proportion pregnant (47.1 vs. 71.4 %) was usually had been detected in some regions of Heilongjiang province in
lower in the E group. The hypothesis that feeding linseed would china. However, the reason of the endemic haemoglobinuria remians
increase conception rate of dairy cows was not supported by the present unclear. The aim of this study is to illustrate the pathogenesis of
experiment. The higher P4 level of E cows means the positive effect of endemic haemoglobinuria.
omega 3 fatty acids and may also have contributed to decrease embryo Materials and Methods: In this study, we tested the content of
mortality. The applied supplements effected elevated milk production, phosphorus in soil-grass and serum of 15 cows with obvious clinical
but this higher production led to a negative energy balance (NEB) symptom in Daqing and Anda regions of Heilongjiang province in
which is conﬁrmed by elevated levels of NEFA and BHB. This April-July and October, respectively. In addition, we also detected
negative effect of NEB is presumably connected to lower fertility Lipid composition, ﬂuidity, viscosity and activity of ATPase of
performance. erythrocytic membrane of the 15 cows as well as osmotic fragility of
This work was supported by the project of OMFB-0121 the erythrocytes and blood routine.
Key words: conception rate, omega-3 fatty acid, antioxidant, Results: Our results indicated that the content of soil and grass
metabolic status phosphorus was signiﬁcantly lower (P<0.01) than national phosphorus
standard and NRC feed standard in April, and serum phosphorus of the
539 Use of hypertonic and isotonic saline solution and furosemide 15 cows decreased obviously. All 15 cows was found to have anaemia
for the treatment of the ammonia poisoning in cattle in April detected by the method of blood routine. Although the content
of phospholipid of erythrocytic membrane decreased, the content of
1,2,3 1 1 1
S. Kitamura , A. Antonelli , R. Barreto Júnior , C. Mori , cholesterol increased signiﬁcantly in April, indicating that the serum
1 1 1
M. Sucupira , B. Caputi , E. Ortolani phosphorus was positively relative to phospholipid while was
1
Faculdade de Medicina Veterinaria da Universidade de Sao Paulo, negatively relative to cholesterol. The ﬂuidity and ATPase activity of
Clinica Medica, Sao Paulo, Brazil decreased while the osmotic fragility of erythrocytic membrane
2
Universidade Anhembi Morumbi, Clinica Medica, Sao Paulo, Brazil increased in April. In July and October, levels of phosphorus of grass
3
Universidade Paulista - UNIP, Instituto de Ciencias da Saude, Sao and soil were lower than standard level while the content of phosphorus
Paulo, Brazil in serum of 15 cows had no difference with normal level. These items
of erythrocytic membrane were near to those of the negative control. It
To test the efficiency of some treatments for ammonia poisoning in suggested that phosphorus deﬁciency took place maily in April instead
cattle 25 steers, never fed non-protein nitrogen before, were used. of in July or October.
Ammonium chloride solution was infused intravenously (iv) only Conclusions: This study indicated that environmental low phosphorus
once in each steer until the onset of convulsive episode, and then the was the major factor caused endemic hypophosphatemia. Erythrocytic
infusion was immediately stopped. Thereafter, the animals were membrane damage induced by environmental low phosphorus may be
randomly distributed in one of the five different groups, as follows: the crucial mechanism of endemic hypophosphatemia.
1) control (infusion 300 mL isotonic saline solution - ISS); 2) Key words: dairy cattle, phosphorus, erythrocytic membrane, endemic
infusion (iv) of ISS 30 mL/kg BW throughout the following 4 h and haemoglobinuria

Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders 41

Proceedings of the 25th World Buiatrics Congress, 2008 - Budapest, Hungary
Reprinted in IVIS with the permission of the Congress Organizers Close window to return to IVIS

541 Variability of Blood Proﬁle and Milk Composition in Relation treatments. There was 7.3 % higher conception rate in the experimental
to Stage of Lactation and Season of the Year in Dairy Cows group but the detected subclinical metabolic disorders might play a
remarkable role in poor reproductive performance in both group.
SM. Abdel raheem, C. Iben Key words: metabolic disorders, beef cow, supplementation
University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Nutrition, Vienna, Austria
543 Body Condition Score at Calving and Supplementation with
Objectives of study: The study was designed to determine the seasonal Yeast Affect Blood Mineral and Liver Enzyme
and lactational inﬂuences on blood metabolites, milk composition, Concentrations in Peripheral Blood of Peri-parturient Dairy
BCS, and back fat thickness (BFT) in dairy cows. Cows
Materials and methods: The study was conducted from April 2006
until February 2007 using (n=35) dairy cows (27 Fleckvieh and 8 L. O’Grady, R. Alibrahim, V. Gath, M. Doherty, F. Mulligan
Holstein Friesian). Cattle were given 15 kg corn silage, 20 kg grass University College Dublin, School of Agriculture, Food Science and
silage, and 3 kg grass hay as daily basal feed. A concentrate diet was Veterinary Medicine, Dublin, Ireland
given on the basis of the amount of milk production. Blood samples,
Milk constituents, BCS and BFT were investigated every 2 months. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of body condition
Depending on the day postpartum of sampling, data were divided into score (BCS) at calving and supplementation with a live yeast culture
1026
3 lactation stages; early (up to 75 days postpartum), mid (76 to 150 (Yea-Sacc , Saccharomyces cerevisiae, CBS 493.94) beginning two
days), and late (after 151 days plus dry cows) lactation. Also, weeks pre-calving on the metabolic status of peri-parturient dairy cows.
depending on the season at the time of sampling; the data were divided Forty Holstein/Friesian cows of mixed parity were randomly allocated to
into 4 seasons, spring (April), summer (June and August), autumn two groups depending on BCS approximately 60 days prior to parturition.
(October) and winter (December and February). Statistical analyses Both groups were fed grass silage ad-libitum for the entire 60 days pre-
were conducted with the SPSS; ANOVA was used for lactation stage calving and half of each group were supplemented with a dairy compound
and season comparison. The interaction between the two factors of the containing 2.5g of thermo-stable yeast supplement for the last 14 days
year was done by MANOVA. pre-calving and during the ﬁrst 70 days of lactation. Blood samples were
Results: Lactation stage had a signiﬁcant inﬂuence on both blood taken via jugular venipuncture on the day of calving (12-24 hrs post
metabolites (glucose, BHBA, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), albumen, calving) and on days 5, 15, 25 and 35 post-calving and analysed for Ca,
cholesterol, Mg) and milk components ( milk fat, milk protein milk Mg, P, gammaglutamate transferase (GGT), glutamate dehydrogenase
urea) in addition to BCS and BFT. No signiﬁcant effect of the lactation (GLDH) and bilirubin (BIL). Data was analysed using ANOVA and the
stage was detected on total protein (TP), Ca, P, Cu and Zn. At the same Proc GLM statement of SAS separately for each day of sampling as a 2 X
time the season of the year has a signiﬁcant impact on all parameters 2 factorial with BCS group, supplement group, BCS group x supplement
studied except BHBA, P and BFT. BCS was higher at late lactation group and parity included in the model. Dairy cows in the high BCS group
(mean±SD) (3.36±0.41) than early (3.23±0.44) and mid (2.91±0.39) had a higher (P<0.05) Mg status than cows in the low BCS group on the
lactation. A signiﬁcant interaction between stage of lactation and day of calving (1.07±0.044 Vs 0.91±0.046 mmol/l). The high BCS group
season of the year was detected for TP, cholesterol and milk protein. also had a lower (P=0.06) Ca status (2.09±0.064 vs 1.92 vs 0.061 mmol/l)
BFT correlated positively with BCS (r=0.84) and also milk urea and and tended to have a lower P (P<0.10) status than cows in the low BCS
BUN (r=0.84) correlated positively. Milk yield and milk protein were group (1.44±0.087 vs 1.24±0.084) on the day of calving. Yeast
correlated negatively(r=-0.61). Both BCS and BFT correlated supplementation had no effect (P>0.05) on Ca, Mg or P status on the day
negatively with cholesterol r= (-0.4). of calving. At day 5 post-calving there was a signiﬁcant interaction of
Conclusion: Stage of lactation and season inﬂuenced the biochemical BCS group and supplement group on blood Ca status (P<0.05) with low
parameters and metabolites in blood and milk as well as body BCS group cows having a higher Ca status for the yeast supplement group
condition. Therefore, the interaction between these two factors be taken only. Yeast supplemented cows had lower (P<0.05) circulating
into account when assessing the nutritional status of dairy cows in concentrations of GLDH on the day of calving and 5 days post-calving.
different climatic periods and in different stage of lactation. However yeast supplemented cows had a higher (P<0.05) circulating
concentrations of BIL at day 35 post-calving. High BCS group cows had
542 Occurrence of Subclinical Metabolic Disorders and Possibility higher (P<0.05) circulating concentrations of BIL at 5 days post-calving
of the Prevention by Licking Block Supplementation in Beef and at 25 days post-calving and tended to have higher circulating BIL
Cows concentrations on day 35 post-calving. These data indicate that body
condition score at calving and yeast supplementation alter major mineral
1 1 1 1 2
L. Könyves , V. Jurkovich , A. Tirián , L. Tegzes , O. Szenci , and liver enzyme concentrations in the peripheral blood or peri-parturient
2 1
Z. Szelényi , E. Brydl dairy cows.
1
Szent István University Faculty of Veterinary Science, Department
of Animal Hygene, Herd-health and Veterinary Ethology, Budapest, 544 Serum Concentration of Minerals and 25-hydroxyvitamin D
Hungary in Periparturient Dairy Cows and its Relation to Backfat
2
Szent István University Faculty of Veterinary Science, Clinic for Thickness
Large Animals, Budapest, Hungary
1 1 1 2 3
G. Salgado , J. Bouda , A. Castillo , J. Doubek , S. Dávila ,
4 4
The aim of the study was to reveal the occurrence of subclinical J. Quintero , H. Romero
1
metabolic disorders in charolais suckler herd in the winter calving Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia - UNAM, Patologia,
period and spring breeding season. The biological effect of an México D.F., Mexico
2
experimental licking block containing protein source, molasses, Veterinary and Pharmaceutical University Brno, Physiological
minerals and vitamins was also evaluated as a possible tool of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
3
preventing metabolic disorders. Charolais cows (n=114) were selected Microtec, Analisis Clinicos, México D.F., Mexico
4
randomly into experimental and control group (n=57-57). From these Laboratorio de Analisis Clinicas y Patologia Veterinaria, Patologia
groups 12-12 cows were assigned randomly for metabolic proﬁle tests. Clinica, Gomez Palacio Dgo., Mexico
The experimental group was supplemented with experimental licking
block (voluntary intake about 1.5 kg/cow/day) from 1 month before The objective of this study was to compare concentration of Ca, P, Mg
expected calving until the end of breeding season. Different and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH D3) and its relation to backfat
manifestations of energy imbalance (increased fat mobilisation, thickness (BFT) in periparturient primiparous and multiparous dairy
hypoglicaemia, hyperketonaemia) and acid load was diagnosed with cows. The study was realized in a commercial dairy farm (5000 dairy
high occurrence in both groups. Protein-, phosphorous-, sodium- and cows, milk yield 8500 kg) in the region of La Laguna Durango, Mexico.
carotene shortage was diagnosed in the control group. The urea, We used 30 animals, Group 1 (n=16) multiparous cows, Group 2 (n=14)
phosphorous, carotene concentration in blood plasma and sodium primiparous cows. Blood samples were collected from tail vein on day
concentration in urine were signiﬁcantly higher in experimental group 7 to 3 before expected calving date, 6 h postpartum (before colostrum
compared to control. The licking block had no effect on energy milking and treatment) and 12 h postpartum. Calcium borogluconate
metabolism, acid-base balance, Ca, Mg, K, Cu, Zn, Se and Mn supply. was administered to multiparous cows 6 h after calving. Between 7 and
There was no difference between groups in mortality- and culling rate, 3 days before calving, body condition score (BCS) was evaluated and
the postnatal calves mortality, metritis and the number of veterinary BFT was measured by ultrasound (Bantam Medical Imaging E.I). The

42 XXV. Jubilee World Buiatrics Congress 2008

Proceedings of the 25th World Buiatrics Congress, 2008 - Budapest, Hungary
Reprinted in IVIS with the permission of the Congress Organizers Close window to return to IVIS

2
serum concentrations of Ca, P and Mg were determined by Randox kits University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Clinic
in semiautomatic biochemical analyzer (Selectra Junior), the of Ruminant Diseases, Brno, Czech Republic
concentration of 25-OH D3 by chemiluminescence assay (DiaSorin,
LIAISON). The concentrations of Ca, P, Mg and 25-OHD3 were The objective of our study was to determine, whether supplementations
compared by repeated measures ANOVA. BCS and BFT were with different sources of selenium can inﬂuence its level in the blood
compared by student´s t-test. Signiﬁcant difference was found in and the mitotic activity of lymphocytes. 60 Charolais cows in late
concentration of Ca, P, Mg and 25-OH D3 with respect to time sampling pregnancy were divided into three groups. The same feed ration of hay,
(p<0.05) and between groups except for P concentration (p<0.05). No silage, and premix was given to all animals ad libitum. In the two
difference was found in BCS between groups (p>0.05). BFT was greater supplemented groups, the premix was enriched with an organic source
in multiparous cows (32.20±5.37 vs 24.64±3.56) (p<0.01). The of selenium (group ”O”)-selenised yeast (Sel-Plex50, Alltech,
correlation between BCS and concentrations of Ca, P, Mg and 25-OH Nicholasville KY) or with inorganic form (group “I”)-sodium selenite,
D3 was low (r=-0.23, r=-0.12, r=-0.29 y r=0.18, respectively) Better 50mg of Se/kg of premix. The control group (“C”) received the basic
correlations were found between BFT and Ca, P, Mg, 25-OH D3 (r=- premix without any selenium supplement. The average intake of
0.52, r=0.55, r= -0.51 y r= 0.53, respectively). The concentrations of Ca selenium in both supplemented groups was 3.5 mg Se/head and day. In
and P were decreased in both groups during the ﬁrst 12 h postpartum and week 6 of supplementation, blood samples were taken from 10 cows in
higher in primiparous cows before parturition. The concentration of Mg each group which were just before calving. These cows gave birth 1 or
was increased in both groups 6 and 12 h postpartum, and was higher at 2 weeks later, and their calves were sampled at the age of 5 days. The
7 d in primiparous cows. The concentration of 25-OH D3 increased in remainders of the cows were sampled in week 12 with similar
both groups at 6 h and decreased 12 h postpartum, but was higher in subsequent labour and the sampling of their calves. Selenium blood
multiparous cows. There was poor relationship between BFT and serum levels were determined, and transformation assay was performed in the
Ca, P, Mg and 25-OH D3. entire blood culture. Non-speciﬁc mitogens - phytohaemagglutinin,
Key words: hypocalcemia, dairy cows, 25-OH D3 concanavalin A, and pokeweed mitogen were used. The incorporation
3
of H-thymidine was measured with a microplate scintillation and
545 Relationship between Body Condition and Metabolic luminescence counter. Lymphocyte mitotic activity was determined as
Parameters in Dairy Cows according to Different Days in the number of signals per 1000 lymphocytes for each mitogenic
Milk treatment. ANOVA and MANOVA tests were used for statistical
evaluation. The “O” animals showed higher selenium blood levels at
1 1 1 1 2
Z. Gergácz , E. †Báder , E. Szûcs , A. Kovács , L. Könyves , both sampling times compared to the other groups (P < 0.01). The “I”
1
E. Brydl animals (cows as well as calves) increased their selenium blood levels
1 st nd
University of Western Hungary Faculty of Food and Agriculture between the 1 and the 2 sampling (P < 0.01). Such a difference was
Science, Department of Cattle and Sheep Breeding, not observed in the “C” or “O” groups. Mitotic activity differed in
Mosonmagyaróvár, Hungary general according to the mitogenic treatment used. “C” calves showed
2
Szent István University Faculty of Veterinary Science, Department higher activity than their mother s (P < 0.05). At least some types of
of Animal Hygiene, Herd Health and Veterinary Ethology, mitogenic treatment induced signiﬁcantly higher lymphocyte response
Budapest, Hungary in “O” and “I” animals as compared to the “C” ones. Similarly, some
differences were observed between the “O” and “I” groups. The
The aim of the study was to analyse the relationship between the body activity was generally higher in animals with a higher selenium blood
condition and the results of metabolic proﬁle test have been done in level (P < 0.05).
dairy cows in different days in milk (DIM). Blood and urine samples This work was supported by a grant No. QF 4005 and 1G46086
were taken from 1984 clinically healthy cows, selected randomly from
various groups of cows with different physiological stage of lactation 547 Milk Fat and Protein Contents as Additional Indicators for
and gestation, 3-5 hours after the morning feeding. The groups differed Prediction of the Onset of Cyclic Ovarian Activity in Dairy
in respect of daily milk yield, stage of lactation and gestation. During the Cows Post Partum
samplings body condition scoring (BCS) was done as well. The cows
were kept at 49 large scale dairy farm located in different part of J. Sichtar, P. Slavik, R. Rajmon, L. Kourimska, P. Klabanova, F. Jilek
Hungary. In the present study the following groups of cows were tested: Czech University of Life Science Prague, Department of Veterinary
cows 12 days prior to expected parturition, cows average DIM 3, 18, 44, Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
76, 104, 133 and 218 with the n=373, 270, 566, 287, 185, 153, 42 and
108, respectively. The results of the examination can be summarised as The metabolic status of dairy cows influences their reproductive
st
following: The BCS decreased from the 1 day of lactation (3.48) system as well as their milk production. The objective of this study
th
onwards till the 44 day (2.65) and slightly increased till the day 216 was to verify possible relations between certain milk parameters and
(2.89). The haemoglobin value and the glucose concentration in blood the reinitiating of cyclic ovarian activity in high producing dairy
samples were ranging within the physiological range and followed the cows post partum (p.p.). Twenty-four Holstein cows with an average
tendency of BCS changing at P<0,001, P<0,01, respectively. There was yield of 8 700 l per lactation were monitored from their giving birth
th
a close negative correlation between the NEFA concentration in blood to their 60 day post partum. The animals were kept in the same
samples and the BCS changing (P<0,01). The aceto-acetic acid stable and fed with the same feed ratio. They showed no clinical signs
concentration exceeded the upper limit of the physiological range of any illness. The milk was sampled with an auto sampler during the
indicating hyperketonaemia at DIM 18. The AST activity value afternoon milking every other day from day 6 p.p. Fat and protein
exceeded the upper limit of physiological range and followed the contents of the milk were determined (Milcoscan, Foss Electric).
tendency of BCS changing (P<0.01). The urea concentration in the Simultaneously, the ovarian activity was monitored by ultrasound
blood exceeded the upper limit of the physiological range in all cows. examination. The first ovulation appeared before day 22 p.p. in 8
The NABE value in the urine samples indicated acid load in all groups cows (i.e. 33 %), between days 22 and 60 p.p. in 10 cows (42 %) and
sampled. According to the result of cluster analysis relationship was 6 cows (25%) showed no ovulation before day 60 p.p. The milk
found between the BCS, days in milk, glucose, aceto-acetic acid and protein generally tended to decrease temporarily, whereas the milk fat
NEFA concentration in the blood. The results of the study conﬁrm that usually increased first, then dropped for some period, as well.
the body condition scoring is a reliable tool for revealing the risk of Therefore, the fat-protein difference increased first and decreased
metabolic disorders caused by malnutrition. again later. During the period between days 11 and 22 p.p., the milk
Key words: body condition, days in milk, haemoglobin, glucose, protein was lower and fat as well as the fat-protein difference higher
NEFA, aceto-acetic acid, AST, blood urea, NABE in animals, which did not ovulate before day 60 p.p., compared to
both remaining groups. The differences were highly significant. The
546 Selenium Blood Levels and Lymphocyte Response to differences between animals ovulating before day 22 p.p. and those
Mitogenic Treatment in Cows and their Calves Supplemented ovulating between days 22 to 60 p.p. were insignificant but showed a
with Organic and Anorganic Forms of Selenium similar trend. When these two groups were compared on the basis of
the last two milk samples before day 22 p.p., the Multiple ANOVA
1 1 2 2 1 1
P. Slavik , J. Sichtar , M. Brix , J. Illek , R. Rajmon , F. Jilek test confirmed the significance of the difference just above the critical
1
Czech University of Life Science Prague, Department of Veterinary level (p=0,058). When milk composition just before the first post
Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic partal ovulation (i.e. the last 2 samples) in individual cows was

Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders 43

Proceedings of the 25th World Buiatrics Congress, 2008 - Budapest, Hungary
Reprinted in IVIS with the permission of the Congress Organizers Close window to return to IVIS

evaluated, highly significantly greater milk protein was detected in feed was increased by 30 mg per kg (total 60 mg Zn/kg). The Control
those animals ovulating before day 22 p.p. calves received starter feed with zinc sulphate, the Bioplex calves
Our study demonstrates that these indicators could be useful in received calf starter with organic zinc (Bioplex-Zn). Calves in both
estimation of the post partal onset of ovarian activity in dairy cows. A groups received starter feed ad libitum. The experiment lasted 2
larger complex of metabolic status indicators in milk will be the subject months. At the beginning and the end of the trial the calves were
of our subsequent studies. weighed and each calf was withdrawn a blood sample to measure zinc
This work was supported by a grant No. MSM 6046070901 and concentration and selected parameters of metabolic proﬁle. The results
1G46086 were statistically analysed and evaluated.
Results: Initial serum zinc concentration was 6.55±0.80 and 7.10±0.6
548 Effect of Organic and Inorganic Zinc Supplementation on the umol/l, serum total protein levels were 65.2 l and 66.5 g/l, and serum
Prevention of Zinc Deﬁciency in Aberdeen Angus Calves IgG levels were 14.8 g/l and 13.1 g/l in the Controls and Bioplex,
respectively. At the end of the trial there was a signiﬁcant increse in
S. Dresler, L. Perlikova, D. Kumprechtova, J. Illek serum zinc concentrations in both groups, with Bioplex supplemented
University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, calves showing a higher increase in plasma zinc levels. Zinc
Czech Republic concentrations were 11.87±1.77 and 15.81±0.72 µmol/l in the Control
and Bioplex groups, respectively. The differences were statistically
Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of signiﬁcant. The Bioplex supplemented calves showed higher IgG
supplementation of suckling Aberdeen Angus (AA) calves with levels. There were signiﬁcant differences in daily weight gain between
different forms of zinc during the grazing season. the groups, too. While the Control calves showed the growth rate of
Material and methods: At the beginning of the grazing season, zinc 1.12±0.07 kg per calf per day, the Bioplex calves grew 1.24±0.09 per
deﬁcient was diagnosed in AA calves (n=16) at 2 to 5 weeks of calf per day.
age along with their mothers, into two groups (Control and Bioplex). Conclusions: The dietary zinc supplementation in calves favourably
The calves suckled milk, were given starter feed and gradually were inﬂuenced serum zinc concentrations. The organic zinc
getting used to graze. The calf starter feed consisted of crimped wheat, supplementation resulted in a greater increase in serum zinc
oats, barley and protein concentrate. The starter feed contained 36 mg concentrations, serum IgG levels and weight gain. The organic form of
zinc per 1 kg and was given ad libitum to calves from 1 week of age. zinc can be recommended as a useful tool to prevent zinc deﬁciency in
After the beginning of grazing season, the zinc concentration in starter calves.

Mastitis / Udder Health and Milk Quality

7 Health Status of Cows Before Parturition Associated with Conclusions: The results suggest that the health status of the animal at
Concentration of GM1 & IgG in Colostrum and Reﬂects the last month before parturition is associated with colostrum quality
Resistance of Acquiring New IMI at Early Lactation and reﬂects its resistance of acquiring new IMI. While in heifers, of
which high proportion joined the herd when already infected with
G. Leitner1, O. Krifucks1, S. Jacoby2, Y. Lavi3, N. Silanikove2 bacteria no such association was found.
1 Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bacteriology, Bet Dagan, Israel
2 Agricultural Research Ortganization, the Volcani Center, Animal 8 Cell Differentiation in Milk of Cows with Healthy Udders
Science, Bet Dagan, Israel
3 Hebrew University, Rehovot, Israel D. Schwarz1, K. Failing2, W. Wolter3, CP. Czerny1
1 Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Institute of Veterinary
Objective: Study the association between the concentrations of IgG Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
2 Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Unit for Biomathematics and
and Gangliosides type M1 (GM1) in colostrum of cows and IMI during
ﬁrst weeks postpartum. Data Processing, Gießen, Germany
3 State Council Gießen, Milk Control, Wetzlar, Germany
Materials and methods: Israeli-Holstein cows n=108: 38 heifers and
75 pluriparous cows. Cows were dried 60 d before next expected
parturition. During the 45 d prior to the end of lactation, the cows were Cell counts and the determination of differential cell patterns in milk
tested 3 times on the quarter level for bacteriology and SCC. Colostrum samples are important criterions for the evaluation of udder health. The
of cows and heifers were tested on the day of parturition and thereafter limits for the evaluation of udder health are well-deﬁned by clear cut-off
milk was tested at 10, 30 and 45 d postpartum for bacteriology and rates. The objective of our study was the analysis of somatic cell
SCC. Bacterial identiﬁcation and SCC were carried out according to populations in foremilk samples to identify inﬂammations at a
IDF. Total IgG & GM1 (Relative values of GM1, GM1-RV) were signiﬁcantly lower level than given by current deﬁnitions. The milk of
determined as the reduction of binding of CT to PolySorb plates coated Holstein-Friesian cows (n=18) and German Simmental cows (n=2) with
with GM1 by competition with the b-chain of cholera toxin (b-CT) low cell counts from ﬁve Hessian dairy farms was examined
were determined in the mixed colostrum. The effects of udder infection cytologically. Cell counts were determined with a Fossomatic 5000 and
and lactation (heifers vs pluriparous) on total IgG, GM1-RV & SCC bacteriological examinations. Milk smears were generated for each udder
were determined by a two-way ANOVA in a random design. Linear quarter and stained according to the method of Pappenheim. To create the
discrimination analysis was used to distinguish between the differential cell patterns, 100 cells per milk smear were counted and
classiﬁcation variable (uninfected or infected) based on total IgG and differentiated by microscopy. The classiﬁcation into different cell count
GM1-RV levels and records of infection. groups of all foremilk samples analyzed in the years 2000-2003 in the
Results: High levels of IgG & GM1-RV in pluriparous cows were German federal state Hesse showed the importance of very low (7%) and
associated with lower new incidence of IMI in the subsequent low (50%) cell counts. Moreover, the results of monthly cell counts
lactation. The mean IgG level in colostrum of heifers was not developed on quarter levels allowed to suggest inﬂammable reactions in
significantly lower than that of pluriparous cows. Infected quarters the cell count array lower than 100,000 cells/ml, because there were clear
of heifers or cows had significantly lower IgG levels than uninfected cell count variations visible in a little time period. All 80 udder quarters
quarters. The mean GM1-RV in the colostrum of infected heifers tested in our study were subdivided into groups with very low, low and
was significantly higher than that of the pluriparous cows. This medium cell counts. In each group we found epithelial cells at the
difference was not found in uninfected animals. Moreover, in differential cell patterns of a maximum of 3%. The lymphocytes
heifers, GM1-RV in infected quarters was not significantly higher dominated the ‘very low’ group with an amount of 70%. The differential
than in uninfected ones whereas in the pluriparous cows, GM1-RV cell patterns in the ‘low’ group consisted of ca. 40% lymphocytes and
levels were significantly lower in the infected than in the uninfected 40% macrophages. The percentage of the polymorphonuclear neutrophils
quarters. Linear discriminate analysis based on these two variables clearly increased at cell counts of 43.000 cells/ml. These data indicated
yielded 70% successful classification. This analysis was less inﬂammable reactions at such low cell counts. Our ﬁndings were
successful in heifers because a high proportion of them joined the conﬁrmed by monitoring the development of the monthly cell counts. The
herd already infected with bacteria. bacteriological examinations only identiﬁed S. aureus in one quarter, E.

44 XXV. Jubilee World Buiatrics Congress 2008

Proceedings of the 25th World Buiatrics Congress, 2008 - Budapest, Hungary

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