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Copy Protection Technical Working Group
Presentation September 2005
All Content Enclosed in this Briefing is either public domain, marketing material, or technical information from open sources or educational text book material.
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Jon Paul Javellana Vice President Operations www.optikeysecurity.com jp@optikeysecurity.com
(323)620-2868 cell
All Content Enclosed in this Briefing is either public domain, marketing material, or technical information from open sources or educational text book material.
Introduction: Optikey
• An Authentication and Verification System that can be Tailored to Meet Complex or Simplistic Ultra High Security Requirements.
– Ranging from simple Pass/Fail to secure storage and verification of
Large Volumes data
–
Can Either Replace or Augment Existing Anti-Counterfeit and Security Technologies.
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OptikeyTM Pedigree
• Optikey was originally developed under government contract as an authentication system
to meet current and anticipated shortfalls in PURELY DIGITAL anti-counterfeiting methods for HIGH SECURITY GOVERNMENT APPLICATIONS.
– U.S. Government and Commercial Investment
• National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) www.nist.gov, US Air Force (Hanscom AFB) Sensors Directorate (AFRL/SNHC), and US Army
funded development. • Competitively Awarded SBIR (Small Business Innovative Research) Contract to Physical Optics Corporation www.poc.com in Torrance, CA
• Private Investment Leading to Several Patents – Optikey, LLC www.optikeysecurity.com
• Exclusive Worldwide License for OptikeyTM • Strategic Relationship with Physical Optics Corporation (POC) • Management and Engineering Resources
– Defense, Aerospace and Entertainment Industries
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The OptikeyTM Team
Bringing OptikeyTM to Market
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OptikeyTM Designer & Developer
U.S. Government (SBIR* Contract)
Exclusive Worldwide Licensee
Functional and Operational Management Business Development and Strategic Planning Program/Project Management Licensee of Patents Principal Contracting Agency Product and Technical Support
National Institute of Standards and Technology
Competitively Awarded Small Business Innovative Research Contract to Physical Optics Corporation Sole Source
Private Investment
Manufacturing Base
Significant Manufacturing Experience
Government Marketing Organization
Established Presence in Washington DC
Existing Manufacturing Licenses with Hitachi for Light Sensing Diffusers
Experienced with DOD Programs
Highly Successful Small Business Track Record
Established Technology Base
Broad Technology Base Developed by US Government Contracts Extensive Patent Registrations
Aerospace Industry Foundation: Hughes Aircraft Company
Commercial Marketing Organization
Established Presence in The Entertainment Industry Experience in the Motion Picture Industry Experience in Financial Industry
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Why OptikeyTM ?
• Shortfalls of current authentication systems
– VISUAL VERIFICATION SYSTEMS
• Logos, Barcodes, Holograms can all be readily reproduced using home computers and laser printers. • Relies on the subjectivity of an observer (normally human) to determine
authenticity. • Machine readable barcodes were invented for convenience, not security.
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Why OptikeyTM ? continued
– PURE DIGITAL VERIFICATION SYSTEMS
• Mag-Stripes, Smart Chips, RFID, Smart Media, CD, DVD etc. contain DIGITAL DATA that requires a reader to verify its authenticity.
– Still Vulnerable: data that is reproduced or modified cannot be distinguished from data in its original form. In other words, a copy looks just like the original.
• Encryption techniques
– Increases the size of data
– Limited Effectiveness & Limited Longevity
– With the advent of faster, more powerful computers, encryption techniques have to evolve regularly to meet the growing threat of more faster, more powerful processors. 128 Bit Encryption today may not be Robust enough tomorrow.
» Threat is increased by State Sponsored Piracy Programs (China, Ukraine, Iran etc.) and their respective resources. » Even small criminal hackers have access to increased computing power with associated hardware required to crack most digital countermeasures. – ECONOMICALLY INEFFICIENT as it necessitates upgrading or replacing systems as encryption requirements increase.
Optikey was developed to address these shortfalls
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OptikeyTM Basics
The Difference
• What Does it do? OptikeyTM Integrates a Unique Three Dimensional SUBMICRON ANALOG STRUCTURE (optical fingerprint) on a Given Medium: DVDs / CDs, Passports, ID Cards, Credit Cards, Currency, Documents, aircraft parts, or any other high risk items.
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Permits ON THE SPOT INSTANTANEOUS VERIFICATION of authenticity by using an optical reader through Optical correlation. Does not require connection to database.
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OptikeyTM Basics
• What Sets Optikey apart? – Unbreakable ANALOG OPTICAL signature that CANNOT be Successfully Duplicated
(see NIST final report and Optikey Unbreakability White Paper)
• UNLIKE ENCRYPTION WHICH CAN BE ATTACKED WITH COMPUTING POWER
– Copies made from stolen or compromised Optikey protected items and readers (DVDs or players) will not correlate. – The ability to store data using the OPTICAL SIGNATURE that cannot be tampered with or overwritten.
• •
Data is stored via a matrix where each data point or BIT is actually an Optikey signature Since the structure is SUBMICRON, DATA payload is relatively high
– Substantially Lower Cost than Competitive Systems with Very High Rate Production Capability. – Easily integrated into many current consumer product lines plagued by piracy and counterfeiting. – Works best as a complement to next generation digital encryption technology (I.e. AACS, AKT)
• Optikey Functions as a verifier or a key reference that can neither be compromised nor become obsolete.
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The Genesis of OptikeyTM
A Unique Glass Master
• An Ar-ion laser ( 457.9 nm) is used to generate speckle patterns. The laser beam is expanded by a lens and illuminated around a spot of diameter d on a frosted glass diffuser.
Dif f user Photoresist Ar laser Lens
d
Z
• A photo resist-covered plate is set at a distance from the diffuser. As an example, with d = 8 mm and Z 36 mm this will generate a speckle pattern in the slit with an average speckle width 1.22Z/d 2.51 m. • The exposed positive photo resist is dissolved away during development. The resulting surface feature depth h is on the order of a few microns with smallest surface features in the order of .2 microns. It is this size of detail that makes copying impossible.
•No controllable wavelength exists which short enough to successfully etch the complex 3-dimensional topographical structure of OptikeyTM.
• Infinite repetitions of this process always results in a UNIQUE STRUCTURE with no two alike.
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The Hierarchy of OptikeyTM Security
Why a Fraudulent Copy of OptikeyTM Will not Authenticate
Glass Master
Created during a single period of Time Unique to each client and each iteration
XN Sub-Level Master Sub-Level Master Sub-Level Master Sub-Level Master
Lower “Resolution”
Sub-Level Master
Sub-Level Master
Sub-Level Master
Sub-Level Master
XN
Sub-Level Master
Sub-Level Master
Sub-Level Master
Sub-Level Master
Sub-Level Master
Sub-Level Master
Sub-Level Master
Sub-Level Master
XN
Sub-Level Master Sub-Level Master Sub-Level Master
Sub-Level Master
Sub-Level Master
Sub-Level Master
Sub-Level Master
Sub-Level Master
Sub-Level Master
Sub-Level Master
Sub-Level Master
XN
Assumption:
1. A Correlator/Reader is Stolen At this Lowest Level 2. Reference Structure can be replicated
Truth:
Generations of Phase Structures Below this Level Made with a Stolen Sub-Level Master Will be Two Generations Lower in Analog “Resolution” and Will Not Correlate With “Fielded” Correlator/Readers 11
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OptikeyTM Correlation
If it is so hard to copy, why so easy to verify?
Two computational stages:
1. Fourier-fresnel Transform Stage Performed on Two High-resolution Phase Patterns (Reference and Disc Phase Masks) Placed Side by Side Each With Sub-micron Resolution. The Result of This Stage Is Joint Power Spectrum (JPS). Inverse Fourier-fresnel Transform Stage Where the JPS Is Used an Input. The Result of This Stage Is the Correlation Result Represented by a High-energy Peak (Dirack Delta) in the Case of Identical Phase Patterns or Lack of It (Noise Floor) in a Case of Different Patterns.
2.
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Correlation Operation Results
By comparing the correlation peak against a predefined threshold value the phase mask authenticity can be determined when the correlation peak is above the threshold and non-authenticity in the opposite case.
In the case of two identical phase patterns the Inverse FourierFresnel transform of the uniform fringe pattern of the JPS produces high energy peak (due to the only one special frequency component of the JPS)
2D Intensity Distribution
Positive Correlation
In the case of two different phase patterns, the Inverse FourierFresnel transform will produce wide range of low energy peaks signifying diversity of special frequencies in the JPS
No 2D Intensity
Negative Correlation
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Military and Government Near Term Customers
US Air Force Electronic Systems Command
Hanscom AFB, MA
• Funded US Air Force Demonstration Program
– Electronic Systems Command (ESC), Hanscom AFB, MA – $1,000,000 FY2005 – Prototype Demonstration Program – Secured Access to Controlled Facilities and Aircraft • Have Made Direct Contact with State Homeland Security Decision Makers
• Optikey is Proposed for Homeland Security Presidential Directive - 12
• “Standard” identification system for federal employees, military and contractors
Access
US Army Electronic Proving Grounds
Ft. Huachuca, AZ
• Immediate Requirement for Optikey
• Provided Technical and Program Documents • Targets: • Drivers Licenses, State Welfare and Payroll Checks, Identification Systems
• Several Arab Speaking Security Penetrations from the Mexican Border
Nevada Gaming Commission
• Introductions to be Made by the Nevada Delegation, US House of Representatives
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OptikeyTM HD DVD Security
Optikey, LLC Proprietary Design
• Objective: Protect the Next Generation High Definition Media (both current and
anticipated technology evolutions) and Content in the Marketplace with a long-term solution.
• • • HD DVD or Blue Ray Disc Flash / Stick Media / Next Gen Media Streaming Media
•
Requirements:
•
Support High Bit Strength Encryption to minimize computer based rips and hacks • Either Enhance Encryption or be seamlessly integrated with the same
•
Permit serialization of production batches and manufacturer identification • IFPI numbers ,SID codes, Matrix numbers
•
Prevent Unauthorized distribution of protected Content
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OptikeyTM HD DVD Security
Optikey, LLC Proprietary Design
•Solution: Integrate Optikey into both players and media.
–Commercial Pressed Media and Blank Home Use Media would have their own unique Optikey signatures.
Either in location, serialization or both. –Protected Content; Movies, Music etc. would contain embedded watermark instructions telling the player that this is PROTECTED CONTENT.
–Media Will Only Play in DVD Players with Optikey Integration based on embedded watermarked instructions.
Removing the Optikey serialization prevents playback. •Commercial Content “Shrek 2“ can only play if the player reads a commercial disc.
•Home use discs containing burned protected content will not play. Impossible to separate watermark
from movie content. –We would STRONGLY SUGGEST AKT anonymous Key Technology in lieu of 128 Bit PKI since bit strength can be increased without increasing size of data packets.
–AKT also allows Key revocation more simply than PKI
–MINOR Modification to Existing Player Architectures. –MODERATE Modification to Player Software.
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OptikeyTM integrated Media
OptikeyTM numbering system
•Data matrix of SECURE Optikey structures
•IFPI numbers
•SID codes (Mastering & Mould)
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•Matrix Numbers
•Additional coded data
•Can be placed in the same unused inner ring •May be used as part of Encryption Key
•Conditional Revocable Key
OptikeyTM Difference
•Removal of codes prevents playback •Tampering Rewriting Optikey IMPOSSIBLE
•Complements overt visible IFPI SID Matrix codes
•Eliminates need to forensically track tool markings of violating manufacturers
•Allows Simple Differentiation of Commercial Media vs. Blank Media •Scaleable for any future media format or encryption standard
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OptikeyTM HD-DVD Integrated Player
BLUE BOXES DENOTE MODIFICATIONS
HD-DVD is “Stamped” with Fourier Reference Structure
Modify Existing DVD Player Optics With a Movable Reference Structure to Detect Matched Filter Fourier Reference Structure on Disk
Optikey, LLC Proprietary
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Principal Anti-Piracy Methods
Optikey Addresses the Lost Revenue Stream
Hacker equipped with PC and HD DVD/RW burner Licensed HD Disc Production Facility Camcorder equipped PIRATE in movie theatre
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Optikey Solution:
• Optikey Analog Authentication signature cannot be reproduced from either players or media.
• Commercial and Blank media discs Will each have unique Optikey signature features. • Disc players will only play Optikey stamped media according to embedded (watermarked) digital bit stream instruction. This means protected content media will require playback on production discs only.
• Serialization of Optikey signatures allows forensic tracking of compromised production facilities and parties involved. IFPI numbers and SID codes cannot be removed or disc will not play.
• Simplicity of system for integration into whatever final iteration players and media become. • Stamping of Optikey structure on small parts of the HD disc (part of stamping die) • Moveable gateway in the laser diode beam path. • Minor disc player software modification. 19 . 3/12/2009 • Ability to address anticipated content protection for streaming media.
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Anti-Hacker Strategy
Commercial Cracking or Home Use Cracking
Hacker equipped with PC and HD DVD/RW burner
Successfully Decrypts Digital Encryption and copies media onto hard drive
Burns HD disc onto blank HOME USE ONLY disc
Burned disc is placed into Player, but player reads content as commercial and detects disc as home use. CONTENT DOES NOT PLAY
HD-DVD is “Stam ped” w ith Fourier Reference Structure
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Modify Existing DVD Player Optics With a Movable Reference Structure to Detect Matched Filter Fourier Reference Structure on Disk
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Counter Illegal Re-Production
* The Serialized Optikey Signature is a Reliable and Secure Forensic Tracking System
Licensed HD Disc Production Facility
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Produces unauthorized commercial discs with Appropriate Optikey Signature Containing content for which they have not licensed
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Discs are found on the market With Optikey IFPI serial number of Manufacturer (tamper proof)*
License is revoked Facility is raided Criminal Case is begun
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Men charged after fake DVD raid
June 20, 2005 SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA HIGH TECH TASK FORCE STAMPS OUT ILLEGAL DVD/CD REPLICATING PLANT IN LOS ANGELES
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Counter Theater Piracy
Camcorder equipped PIRATE in movie theatre
Transfers content onto a HOME USE ONLY DISC
Using varied techniques to spoof camcorders Pirate is left with unusable recorded DVD • Sub audio microphone noise • Mistimed frame rates • Intermittent audio/visual jamming
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Summary and Conclusions
• Due to the COMPLEXITY and ANALOG NATURE of the Optikey Authentication Signature, it cannot be successfully reproduced from either the media players nor the media itself.
Optikey is the only NON-OBSOLESCENT SOLUTION. Advances in technology will not result in a successful hack or “CRACK” of the system. Commercial media and Home Use Blank media will contain unique Optikey signature features and serialization corresponding to the appropriate content authorized. Disc players can only play Optikey stamped media according to embedded (watermarked) digital bit stream instruction; Protected content will only play on pressed commercial discs.
• • •
•
Serialization of Optikey signatures allows forensic tracking of compromised production facilities and parties involved. Removal of such Optikey serialization will prevent playback.
Simplicity of system for integration into whatever final iteration players and media become. • • Stamping of Optikey structure on small parts of the HD disc Moveable gateway in the laser diode beam path.
•
•
•
Minor disc player software modification.
Ability to address anticipated content protection for streaming media.
•
Compatible for use with digital encryption
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Optikey LLC
5375 Industrial Drive, Suite 103 Huntington Beach, CA 92649 www.optikeysecurity.com
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William D. Schroer
President wds@optikeysecurity.com (702)336-2858 cell
Jon Paul Javellana Vice President Operations jp@optikeysecurity.com (714)890-1012 office (714)908-8095 fax (323)620-2868 cell
All Content Enclosed in this Briefing is either public domain, marketing material, or technical information from open sources or educational text book material.