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— In commemoration of the 45th anniversary of the
Chinese People's Liberation Army
Editorial by "Renmin Ribao," " H o n g q i " a n d "Jiefangjun B a o "
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PEKING V o l 15, No. 31 August 4, 1972
REVIEW Published in English, French, Spanish,
Japanese and German editions
CONTENTS
THE WEEK 5
Victory of Korea's Fatherland Liberation W a r Celebrated
China-Japan
M a l i a n Guests Welcomed
Rare and Important Archaeological Finds
A Week in N e w Zealand
ARTICLES A N D DOCUMENTS
Carry the Glorious Tradition Forward — In commemoration of the 45th anniver-
sary of the founding of the Chinese People's Liberation Army — Renmin
Ribao, Hongqi a n d Jiefangjun Bao editorial 6
N a t i o n a l Defence Ministry Reception:
"August 1 " Army Day Celebrated 7
Comrade Yeh Chien-ying's Speech (Excerpts) 9
Samdech Sihanouk Congratulated on His Successful Visit to Five Countries 10
Samdech Sihanouk's 5-Nation Visit (Pictorial) 12
Two Good and Short Fact-Finding Reports:
Tsoumakang Production Brigade Correctly Handles Forestry and Animal
Husbandry Contradiction and Expands Sheep-Raising 14
A Big Growth in Pig-Raising at the Shanghua Production Brigade 15
Rectifying the Style of Writing Welcomed 16
Communique on the Visit of the Government Delegation of the A r a b Republic
of Yemen to the People's Republic of China 17
China at the U.N.: Essence of the So-Called "Chinese Refugees" Question 18
R O U N D THE WORLD 20
Japan: Opposition Parties' A p p e a l
Egypt: Sadat Calls for Greater Unity
Tunisia: Mohammed Masmoudi On Superpowers
Western Europe: 17-Country Agreements on Free Trade Zone
O N THE H O M E FRONT 22
Nonmetallic Minerals
Shanghai Workers' College Graduates — The First Year
O n e of the Common People
Published every Friday by PEKING REVIEW Peking (37), China
Post Office Registration No. 2-922
Printed in the People's Republic of China
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THE WEEK
Victory of Korea's Fatherland The north-south joint statement, China-Japan Friendship Association
said Comrade Li Teh-sheng, con- Premier Chou En-lai and President
Liberation War Celebrated
forms to the national aspirations of Liao Cheng-chih met them on the
Hyun J u n Keuk, Ambassador of the entire Korean people for an early afternoon of July 27 and again met
the Democratic People's Republic of reunification of their fatherland. The the Japanese friends on the evening
Korea to China, gave a banquet on Chinese Government and people have of July 29.
July 27 in celebration of the 19th always maintained that the affairs Yoshikatsu Takeiri and his group
anniversary of the victory of Korea's of each country should be handled left Peking on July 31 to visit Shang-
F a t h e r l a n d Liberation War. by its own people. The question of hai and other places.
the reunification of Korea should be
Li Hsien-nien, Li Teh-sheng, Keng solved by the Korean people t h e m - Premier Chou's Thanks Conveyed.
Piao, Chi Peng-fei, Su Yu and other selves and brooks no interference by Yutaka Maeda. leader of the J a p a -
leading members attended. outside forces. U.S. imperialism must nese Men's and Women's "Volleyball
stop interfering in the internal af- Delegation which had returned to
Ambassador H y u n J u n Keuk in a J a p a n after a visit to China, on July
fairs of Korea and must w i t h d r a w all
speech at the banquet said that 19 27 gave a report to Prime Minister
its troops stationed in south Korea.
years h a v e elapsed since the Korean Kakuei Tanaka on the hospitality
The Japanese militarist forces must
Armistice. But owing to U.S. impe- accorded the delegation in China and
not be allowed to poke their noses
rialist forcible occupation of south on the occasion when P r e m i e r Chou
into south Korea. Anyone who at-
Korea, the country is still divided. En-lai met the delegation. He also
t e m p t s to stop the historical tide of
the independent peaceful reunifica- conveyed the t h a n k s of Premier
The Joint Statement of North and
Chou to P r i m e Minister Tanaka.
South Korea issued on July 4 this tion of Korea is doomed to fail.
year, he said, is a victory by the peo- P r i m e Minister Tanaka expressed
The banquet was permeated with
ple of our country in the struggle to a cordial atmosphere. Comrades-in- his appreciation that the delegation
solve an internal affair of our na- arms of the two countries toasted had played the role of a bridge for
t i o n — the question of reunifica- the daily growing consolidation and Japan-China friendship. He said:
tion — independently and peacefully development of the great friendship "You have gone a step ahead of me.
without any interference by outside and militant unity of the Chinese I hope you will continue to work for
forces. and Korean peoples which is sealed peaceful diplomacy."
in blood. Takeo Miki Fetes Hsiao Hsiang-chien.
Today, he continued, the joint
statement has won the w a r m support Japanese State Minister Takeo
of the people throughout north and Miki and his wife gave a dinner at
south Korea, as well as the fraternal China-Japan their home on the evening of July
Chinese people and the progressive 27 to warmly welcome Hsiao Hsiang-
Premier Chou Meets Yoshikatsu Ta- chien, Chief Representative of the
people of the world.
keiri. Premier Chou En-lai, Vice- Tokyo Liaison Office of the China-
He pointed out: U.S. imperialism Chairman of the Standing Committee J a p a n Memorandum Trade Office of
has no ground, nor can it provide of the National People's Congress and China, his wife, and Representative
any pretext, to station its aggressor Honorary President of the China- Hsu Tsung-mao.
troops in south Korea. U.S. impe- J a p a n Friendship Association Kuo
rialism must w i t h d r a w its aggressor Mo-jo. and President of the China- Hosts and guests had cordial and
troops from south Korea and the J a p a n Friendship Association Liao friendly talks at dinner and toasted
"United Nations commission for the Cheng-chih met and gave a banquet the early normalization of China-
unification and rehabilitation of for Yoshikatsu Takeiri, Chairman of J a p a n diplomatic relations and the
Korea" must be dissolved. the Central Executive Committee of continuous development of friendly
the Japanese Komei Party, and Yo- relations between the two peoples,
Comrade Li Teh-sheng said in his shiaki Masaki, Chairman of the Policy
speech: The great victory won by Deliberation Council, and Naohiko
the Korean people in the Fatherland Malian Guests Welcomed
Okubo, Deputy General Secretary, of
Liberation War u n d e r the wise the P a r t y on the evening of July 28. Captain Kissima Doukara, Member
leadership of the Korean Workers' Hosts and guests had a friendly con- of the Malian National Liberation
P a r t y headed by Comrade Kim Il versation. Military Committee and Minister of
Sung made important contributions
Defence. Interior and Security, and
to the anti-imperialist revolutionary Yoshikatsu Takeiri and his party
Captain Aliou Traore, Deputy
cause of the people throughout the arrived in Peking on July 25 on a
world. friendly visit at the invitation of t h e (Continued on p. 19.)
August 4, 1972 5
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Carry the Glorious Tradition Forward
— In commemoration of the 45th anniversary of the founding of
the Chinese People's Liberation Army
Editorial by "Renmin Ribao," "Hongqi" and "Jiefangjun Bao"
ODAY is the brilliant festival of the 45th anniver- become a common practice among the cadres and
T sary of t h e founding of the Chinese People's Libera- fighters to make a serious study of works by Marx.
Engels, Lenin and Stalin and Chairman Mao's works.
tion Army.
The relations between officer's and m e n and between
Founded and commanded by the great leader Chair-
a r m y m e n and civilians h a v e become closer. A mass
man Mao and t h e Communist Party of China, the
campaign for military training is gaining m o m e n t u m .
Chinese People's Liberation Army has traversed a
Our troops have been strengthened both politically
glorious course. The 1927 "August 1" Nanchang
and militarily. Rallying still more closely round the
Uprising fired the first salvo against t h e Kuomintang
Party Central Committee headed by C h a i r m a n Mao.
reactionaries. The A u t u m n Harvest Uprising that year-
the whole a r m y is advancing with vigour and courage.
brought into being t h e workers' and peasants' armed
forces which marched into t h e Chingkang Mountains The 45-year history confirms t h a t the Chinese
and set u p the first rural revolutionary base area. People's Liberation Army is loyal to the Party and
Thus a people's a r m y of a completely new type emer- the people and has a glorious revolutionary tradition.
ged in China and kindled the flames of revolutionary However ferocious the enemy, he can never overwhelm
a r m e d struggle. In close unity with the people, this this army, but will be vanquished by it. Any careerist
a r m y fought heroically, advanced wave upon wave or conspirator who wants to u n d e r m i n e this a r m y is
and, after a long and most arduous struggle, won the only day-dreaming. Mountains m a y be shaken, but
great victory of overthrowing t h e t h r e e big moun- the Liberation Army — never! O u r a r m y is worthy of
t a i n s — imperialism, feudalism and bureaucrat-capital- the designation of a great people's army.
ism. Since the founding of New China, the a r m y has
Chairman Mao has pointed out: "The correctness
maintained and carried forward the revolutionary
or incorrectness of the ideological and political line
spirit of the w a r years and waged successful struggles
decides everything." When the Party's line is correct,
to defend the motherland, to resist U.S. aggression
we have everything: if w e have no men, w e will h a v e
and aid Korea and to smash aggression and subversion
t h e m ; if w e h a v e no rifles, we can get t h e m ; if w e
by imperialism, revisionism and reaction, thereby mak-
do not have state power, we will be able to seize it.
ing outstanding contributions to the socialist revolu-
If the line is incorrect, we will lose what we already
tion and construction and to the consolidation of the
have. It is in t h e course of the i n n e r - P a r t y struggle
dictatorship of t h e proletariat. During the Great P r o -
between the two lines that our a r m y has grown. The
letarian Cultural Revolution, our a r m y as a working
victory of the Chinese people and the People's Libera-
force has shouldered the glorious tasks of supporting
tion A r m y is a victory for Chairman Mao's proletarian
industry, agriculture and the broad masses of the Left,
revolutionary line. The Kutien Meeting Resolution
exercising military control and carrying out political
d r a w n u p by Chairman Mao has enabled o u r a r m y to
and military training, thus making new contributions
build itself entirely on a Marxist-Leninist basis a n d
to the people.
become a genuine people's a r m y u n d e r t h e absolute
leadership of the P a r t y and an i n s t r u m e n t for c a r r y -
Since the Second Plenary Session of the Ninth
ing out the Party's programme a n d line. All com-
Central Committee of the Party, t h e People's Libera-
manders and fighters of the People's Liberation A r m y
tion Army, with the w a r m attention of Chairman
should make further efforts to study Marxism-Lenin-
Mao, has carried out education in ideology and political
ism-Mao Tsetung Thought and the P a r t y ' s line, do a
line and achieved remarkable results. Armed with
really good job in the current campaign to criticize
the three basic principles put forward by Chairman
revisionism and rectify the style of work, be still more
Mao. namely "practise Marxism, and not revisionism;
conscious in implementing and defending Chairman
unite, and don't split; be open and aboveboard, and
Mao's revolutionary line, carry f o r w a r d the revolution-
don't intrigue and conspire," the commanders and
ary tradition and strive for still g r e a t e r glory.
fighters h a v e m a d e a deep-going criticism of Liu
Shao-chi and other swindlers. This has raised the Our a r m y is distinguished b y a r e m a r k a b l e u n i t y
political consciousness of t h e people's army. It has within its r a n k s and with those outside them. It has
6 Peking Review, No. 31
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always followed the twin policies of ruthlessness to the is the result of leadership and education by our Party.
enemy and kindness to o u r o w n : in the relations be- Man must h a v e some spirit, and the revolutionary
tween a r m y and people, a r m y and government, officers spirit of t h e proletariat comes from this consciousness."
and men, military work and political work, and among Ours is still a developing country with a relatively
cadres, it has observed correct principles, carried out backward economy. Decades of h a r d struggle are still
the Three Main Rules of Discipline and the Eight needed to build China into a m o r e prosperous country.
Points for Attention, remained modest and prudent and We must go on performing our internationalist duties
guarded against arrogance and rashness. Relying on and strive to m a k e still greater contributions to hu-
all this, it has won splendid victories. The whole manity. All the cadres and the people m u s t constantly
Party, the whole a r m y and the people throughout the keep this in mind. O u r a r m y has always acquitted
country should carry this tradition forward. They itself well and it should continue to act as a model of
must follow C h a i r m a n Mao's teaching: The whole hard struggle.
nation should learn from the People's Liberation A r m y ; We are commemorating the 45th anniversary of
the Liberation A r m y should learn from the people of the founding of our a r m y in an excellent domestic and
the whole country. The a r m y should support the international situation. But the People's Liberation
government and cherish the people; the government A r m y should in no w a y relax its fighting will. It
should support the a r m y and cherish the people. should strengthen a r m y building and conduct military
If the a r m y and the people are united as one, who in and political training well in accordance with Chair-
the world can match t h e m ? man Mao's line on a r m y building. The people of the
It is necessary at all times to keep to the style of whole country and the commanders and fighters of
hard struggle. Chairman Mao has said: "We must the whole a r m y should clearly recognize the aggres-
advocate hard struggle, which is o u r intrinsic political sive n a t u r e of imperialism and social-imperialism.
characteristic. Chinchow is a place that grows apples. heighten their vigilance, defend the motherland, and
At the time of the Liaohsi Campaign it was a u t u m n , grasp revolution, promote production a n d other work
and the people had lots of apples in their homes. Our and preparedness against war. Our socialist mother-
fighters did not t a k e any. I was deeply moved when land brooks no encroachment by anyone. We are
I read about this. Here the fighters w e r e conscious determined to liberate our sacred territory Taiwan
t h a t not to eat the apples was noble, to eat them would Province. Let us unite to win still greater victories
be ignoble, for the apples belonged to the people. along Chairman Mao's revolutionary line!
Such consciousness is the basis of our discipline. It (August 1)
National Defence Ministry Reception
"August I" Army Day Celebrated
UNDER the guidance of Chairman Mao's proletarian Chhak, Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Royal Gov-
revolutionary line, the great Chinese People's Lib- ernment of National Union of Cambodia, and
eration A r m y has traversed a fighting course of 45 Madame Sarin Chhak; and General Duong Sam Ol,
years. The Chinese Ministry of National Defence gave Minister of Military Equipment and A r m a m e n t of t h e
a g r a n d reception on the evening of J u l y 31 to warmly Royal Government of National Union of Cambodia, and
celebrate "August 1" A r m y Day. Madame Duong Sam Ol;
The reception took place in the banquet hall of the Captain Kissima Doukara, Member of the Malian
magnificent Great Hall of the People. On the rostrum National Liberation Military Committee and Minister
was a h u g e portrait of Chairman Mao, the founder and of Defence, Interior and Security, and Captain Aliou
commander of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Traore, Deputy Commander of the Malian Air Force;
Endalkchew Makonnen, Minister of Communications.
and the great leader of the Chinese people. The portrait
Telecommunications and Posts of the Empire of
was flanked by ten red flags.
Ethiopia and Chairman of the Board of Directors of
Among the guests w e r e : the Ethiopian Airlines, and his wife; Ly Ban. Vice-
Samdech Norodom Sihanouk. Head of State and Minister of Foreign Trade of the Democratic Republic
Chairman of the National United Front of Cambodia, of Viet Nam; Veiz Gjebero, Albanian Vice-Minister of
and M a d a m e Sihanouk; Samdech Penn Nouth. Chair- Construction: Amilcar Cabral, General Secretary of t h e
m a n of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee African Independence Party of Guinea and Cape
of the National United Front of Cambodia and Prime Verde, and his wife, and the P a r t y delegation led by
Minister of the Royal Government of National Union of him;
Cambodia, and Madame Penn Nouth; Ieng Sary, The Delegation of the Italian Communist P a r t y
Special Envoy of the Interior P a r t of Cambodia; Sarin (Marxist-Leninist) with Livio Risaliti as its leader and
August 4, 1972 7
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The banquet hall.
Manlio Dinucci as its deputy loader: American friend- Political Bureau of the C.P.C. Central Committee; Li
Frank Coe, Ruth Coe, Sol Adler and Pat Adler; Juris. Hsien-nien, Member of the Political Bureau of t h e
Ivens, internationally known Dutch film director, and C.P.C. Central Committee and Vice-Premier; Chi Teng-
Marceline Loridan, French film worker: R.H. Witke, kuei. Alternate Member of the Political Bureau of t h e
American woman writer and associate professor of C.P.C. Central Committee; Li Teh-sheng. Alternate
history: Chih Kung Jen. Chinese-born American scholar Member of the Political Bureau of the C.P.C. Central
and Vice-Chairman of the Applied Physics Laboratory Committee and Director of the P.L.A. General Political
Research Centre of Johns Hopkins University and D e p a r t m e n t ; Wang Tung-hsing. Alternate Member of
professor of microwave physics, and his wife; and Dr. the Political Bureau of the C.P.C. Central Committee;
Joseph Needham, Master of the Caius College of Cam- Hsu Hsiang-chien and Nieh Jung-chen, Vice-Chairmen
bridge University and bio-chemist, and his wife; and of the Military Commission of the C.P.C. Central Com-
Diplomatic envoys of various countries to China, mittee; Kuo Mo-jo and Ngapo Ngawang-Jigme, Vice-
military attaches of embassies of various countries in Chairmen of the N.P.C. Standing Committee; Chen Yun
Peking, and their wives. and Li Fu-chun, Vice-Premiers; Teng Tai-yuan and
Hsu Teh-heng, Vice-Chairmen of t h e National C o m -
Present at the reception were:
mittee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative
Tung Pi-wu, Member of the Political Bureau of the
Conference; Fu Tso-yi, Vice-Chairman of the National
C.P.C. Central Committee and Acting Chairman of the
Defence Council; Hsiao Ching-kuang, Su Yu and W a n g
People's Republic of China: Chu Teh. Member of the
Shu-sheng, Vice-Ministers of National Defence; K e n g
Political Bureau of the C.P.C. Central Committee and
Piao, Head of the International Liaison D e p a r t m e n t of
C h a i r m a n of the Standing Committee of the National
the C.P.C. Central Committee; Chi Peng-fei, Minister of
People's Congress: Chou En-lai, Member of the Stand-
Foreign Affairs; and Wu Teh, C h a i r m a n of the Peking
ing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Central
Municipal Revolutionary Committee.
Committee of the Communist P a r t y of China and
Premier of the State Council; Chiang Ching, Member of Comrade Yeh Chien-ying delivered an i m p o r t a n t
the Political B u r e a u of the C.P.C. Central Committee; speech at t h e reception where a revolutionary atmos-
Yeh Chien-ying, Member of the Political Bureau of t h e phere of unity for victory prevailed.
C.P.C. Central Committee and Vice-Chairman of the Also present at the reception w e r e :
Military Commission of the C.P.C. Central Committee; Members and Alternate Members of the C.P.C.
Chang Chun-chiao and Yao Wen-yuan, Members of t h e Central Committee now in P e k i n g : leading members of
8 Peking Review, No. 31
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Comrade Yeh Chien-ying's Speech
(Excerpts)
UNDER the guidance of Chairman Mao's proletarian national existence is developing in depth. Countries of
revolutionary line, the Chinese People's Liberation the third world and t h e revolutionary people t h r o u g h -
A r m y has traversed a fighting course of 45 years. To- out the world are scoring one new success after another
day, we are celebrating this brilliant festival with full in their struggle against hegemony and power politics.
confidence in victory. On behalf of all the comman- However, the n a t u r e of imperialism and social-
ders and fighters of the Chinese People's Liberation imperialism will never change. They will never cease
Army, I express w a r m welcome and sincere t h a n k s to their arms race and their contention for world hege-
the distinguished guests, friends and comrades present mony. While loudly preaching "disarmament," "limita-
at this reception. tion of strategic a r m s " and "the strengthening of inter-
The Chinese People's Liberation A r m y is a people's national security," they are in reality intensifying their
a r m y of a new type, created and commanded by cur arms expansion and w a r preparations and continuing
great leader Chairman Mao and the Chinese Commu- to vie for nuclear superiority and to subject other coun-
nist Party. The history of the past 45 years proves that tries to their aggression, subversion, control or inter-
our a r m y is worthy of the name of a great people's
ference. The struggle between aggression and a n t i -
a r m y armed with Marxism-Leninism-Mao Tsetung
aggression, subversion and anti-subversion, control and
Thought. During the period of the democratic rev-
anti-control, and between interference and anti-
olution, our army, together with the people of the whole
interference will go on over and over again. We are
country, followed the road pointed out by Chairman
convinced that the peoples of the world, heightening
Mao of encircling the cities from the countryside and
finally seizing the cities, defeated the powerful domes- their vigilance, strengthening their unity and persever-
tic a n d foreign enemies and won t h e great victory of ing in struggle, will certainly be able to win still great-
the Chinese revolution. Since the founding of the Peo- er victories in their anti-imperialist revolutionary
ple's Republic of China, our a r m y has, again together struggles.
with the people of the whole country, victoriously In the excellent situation both at home and abroad,
performed its glorious duty of defending our socialist the Chinese People's Liberation A r m y must not relax
motherland, smashed t h e aggression and subversion by its fighting will. We must step u p education in the
imperialism, revisionism and the reactionaries and shat- line, conscientiously study Marxism-Leninism-Mao
tered the criminal schemes of the traitors, enemy Tsetung Thought, develop in depth the movement to
agents and careerists, who wormed their way into the repudiate revisionism and rectify the style of work,
Party, to u s u r p P a r t y leadership, seize power and steadily raise our consciousness of struggle between
restore capitalism. It has thus made great contributions * classes and between the two lines, and persist in continu-
to our socialist revolution and socialist construction. ing the revolution under the dictatorship of t h e prole-
Having undergone t h e test of protracted revolutionary tariat. We must diligently study Chairman Mao's
struggles, our a r m y is now more united and more military writings, do a good job of military training and
powerful than ever before. strengthen the building of t h e militia. We must give
The present world situation is excellent. The full play to our fine revolutionary traditions, always
farther the superpowers stretch their hands, the more maintain the style of plain living and hard struggle,
extensive and vigorous becomes the resistance of the modestly learn from the people of the whole country
people of the world. The heroic peoples of Viet Nam, and strengthen the unity between the a r m y and gov-
Laos and Cambodia have won great victories in their ernment, between t h e a r m y and the people, and b e -
w a r against U.S. aggression and for national salvation. tween officers and men. We must heighten our
The struggle of the Arab peoples and the Palestinian vigilance, strengthen our preparedness against w a r and
people against the control of the superpowers and for defend our great socialist motherland. We are
the recovery of their lost territories and their right of determined to liberate Taiwan.
the various general departments, services and arms of the militia and the families of a r m y m e n and revolu-
the P.L.A., the P.L.A. Peking Units and other depart- tionary m a r t y r s ; representatives of Peking workers,
m e n t s ; leading m e m b e r s of the departments under the peasants, literary and art circles a n d sports circles; and
C.P.C. Central Committee; leading members of govern- others.
ment departments, the Chinese People's Association for
Friendship With Foreign Countries and the Peking Also present were L.F. Ilyichev, leader, and V.G.
Municipal Revolutionary Committee; representatives of Gankovsky, deputy leader, of t h e Soviet Government
P.L.A. Combat Heroes and models, P.L.A. men taking Delegation to the Negotiations on the Sino-Soviet Boun-
part in the " t h r e e supports and two militaries," and dary Question, and Mrs. Gankovsky.
August 4, 1972 9
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Samdech Sihanouk Congratulated on
His Successful Visit to Five Countries
HE Delegation of the Kingdom of Cambodia led by much space to report in detail his visits to the five
T Samdech Norodom Sihanouk. Head of State of
Cambodia and Chairman of the National United Front
countries and printed the joint communiques and joint
statements. Renmin Ribao published a special
of Cambodia, paid official visits to Romania. Albania, editorial congratulating him on his successful tour. It
Algeria. Mauritania and Yugoslavia from J u n e 19 to said: "At present, the situation of the Cambodian peo-
July 19. He had friendly talks with government ple's war against U.S. aggression and for national
leaders of these countries, exchanged views on m u t u a l salvation is excellent. When Samdech Sihanouk was
relations and on the current international situation touring the five countries, news of fresh victories kept
and issued joint statements or joint communiques coming in from the Cambodian battlefield. In Phnom
with them. Penh and its vicinity, in the provinces of Svay Rieng,
Samdech Sihanouk received a w a r m welcome and Prey Veng, K a m p o t and Takeo, the Cambodian
hospitable reception from the Governments and people patriotic armed forces and people h a v e launched a series
of the five countries h e visited. He won high praise of offensives, wiping out large n u m b e r s of enemy troops
from them for safeguarding Cambodia's sovereignty and further enlarging the liberated areas. To hold back
and independence, pursuing a policy of peace the Cambodian people's t r i u m p h a n t march, the Lon Not
and neutrality and persevering in the stand of traitorous clique, its U.S. master and certain foreign
anti-imperialist struggle. The Cambodian people forces are speeding u p all kinds of political conspiracies
w e r e widely praised for their heroic spirit and in an attempt to split the Cambodian patriotic forces
brilliant victories in t h e struggle against U.S. aggression and disintegrate the Cambodian people's struggle
and for national salvation. The leaders of the five against U.S. aggression and for national salvation. This
countries all stressed that the Royal Government of has been repeatedly exposed and condemned by S a m -
National Union of Cambodia is the sole legal Govern- dech Sihanouk during his recent five-nation visit."
ment of Cambodia and reaffirmed their support for the The editorial praised Samdech Sihanouk's firmness
just struggle of t h e Cambodian people. Samdech and just stand and said in conclusion: "We are con-
Sihanouk's five-nation tour again vividly proves that the vinced that by fighting shoulder to shoulder and
Cambodian people, who are fighting for a just cause, strengthening their unity with the Vietnamese and Lao
enjoy a b u n d a n t support and that the Royal Government peoples, and with the support of the world's people,
of National Union of Cambodia enjoys high prestige in the Cambodian people are bound to win complete
the world. victory in their w a r against U.S. aggression a n d
During his visits, Samdech Sihanouk had extensive for national salvation."
contacts with the masses of these countries. In his m a n y
speeches, he condemned the U.S. imperialist aggression Airport Welcome
against Cambodia and Indochina, reiterated his solemn Samdech Sihanouk. Madame Sihanouk and the
and just stand on the settlement of the Cambodia Delegation of the Kingdom of Cambodia he led
question and Indochina question, and opposed the received a big welcome on July 29 w h e n they arrived
convocation of a so-called "international conference," a in Peking by special plane. At t h e airport with S a m -
scheme to sabotage the struggle of the Indochinese peo- dech P e n n Nouth, Chairman of t h e Political Bureau of
ples. He also conveyed the Cambodian people's pro- the Central Committee of the National United Front of
found friendship to the people of the five countries and Cambodia and Prime Minister of the Royal G o v e r n m e n t
expressed their support to the people of the world in of National Union of Cambodia, and Madame Perm
their just struggle to safeguard state sovereignty and Nouth to greet them were Premier Chou En-lai, Vice-
national independence and against aggression, subver- Chairman of the Military Commission of the Central
sion and racial discrimination. His fruitful visits have Committee of the Communist P a r t y of China Yeh
made new contributions to strengthening the friendship Chien-ying, Vice-Premier Li Hsien-nien, Director of t h e
and solidarity between the Cambodian people and the General Political Department of the Chinese People's
people of various countries and promoting the struggle Liberation Army Li Teh-sheng, Vice-Chairman of the
of the people of the whole world against imperialism. Military Commission of the C.P.C. Central Committee
Hsu Hsiang-chien, Vice-Chairman of t h e S t a n d i n g Com-
"Renmin Ribao" Publishes Editorial mittee of the National People's Congress K u o Mo-jo,
T h e Chinese people deeply rejoice at Samdech Foreign Minister Chi Peng-fei, Head of the International
Sihanouk's successful tour. The Chinese press devoted Liaison Department of the C.P.C. Central Committee
10 Peking Review, No. 31
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Kong Piao and Chairman of the Peking Municipal Rev- "During his visit, Samdech Norodom Sihanouk
olutionary Committee Wu Teh. Accompanied by P r e - acquainted the people of these countries with the ex-
mier Chou, Samdech Sihanouk inspected the guard of cel lent situation of Cambodia's w a r against U.S. aggres-
honour made u p of army, navy, air force and people's sion and for national salvation, denounced the crimes
militia units. Five thousand people in their holiday best of aggression committed by U.S. imperialism in Cam-
and waving bouquets w e r e also at the airport to express bodia and Indochina, exposed the political schemes
their w a r m congratulations on the successful tour. engineered by certain big powers, reaffirmed the just
position on the settlement of the Cambodia and Indo-
Premier Chou Gives Grand Banquet china questions, and gave full expression to the unshak-
To congratulate Samdech and Madame Sihanouk on able will of the Cambodian people resolutely to unite
their successful visits to the five countries, P r e m i e r and fight shoulder to shoulder with the Vietnamese and
Chou on J u l y 30 gave a grand banquet, followed b y a Lao peoples and to carry the w a r against U.S. aggression
theatrical performance, in Peking's Great Hall of the and for national salvation to the end without compro-
People. mise or retreat."
A m o n g t h e guests w e r e Samdech and Madame P e n n In conclusion, Premier Chou declared: -Following
Nouth, Special Envoy of the Interior P a r t of Cambodia the teachings of our great leader Chairman Mao. we
Ieng Sary, w h o had accompanied Samdech Sihanouk will firmly and unswervingly fulfil our bounden inter-
abroad, and members of the delegation, including nationalist duty as of the great rear area to the great
Minister of Foreign Affairs Sarin Chhak and M a d a m e front, and resolutely support the Cambodian and the
Sarin Chhak, Minister Thiounn Prasith, Princess Noro- other Indochinese peoples in their struggle against U.S.
dom Keth Kanya, Madame Kou Roun and Madame Ang aggression and for national salvation until they win
Kim Khoan. complete victory."
With great satisfaction, Samdech Sihanouk in his
Diplomatic envoys of Albania, Romania, Algeria,
speech reviewed the fruitful results of his visit. He said
Mauritania and Yugoslavia as well as the Democratic
that in his very fine speech just now, His Excellency the
People's Republic of Korea, the Democratic Republic of
P r e m i e r had stressed the full significance and great i m -
Viet Nam, and the Republic of South Viet Nam were
pact of the results of this mission. "Allow m e in m y
also present.
t u r n , " Samdech Sihanouk went on, "to emphasize the
Chinese P a r t y and state leaders attending included
immense role played by the distinguished heads of state
Chiang Ching, Yeh Chien-ying, Chang Chun-chiao, Yao
and government of China, Romania, Albania, Algeria,
Wen-yuan, Li Hsien-nien, Chi Teng-kuei, Li Teh-sheng,
Mauritania and Yugoslavia in the a t t a i n m e n t of these
Wang Tung-hsing, Hsu Hsiang-chien and Kuo Mo-jo.
results which are beneficial to our common struggle
P r e m i e r Chou and Samdech Sihanouk spoke at the
against imperialism and neo-colonialism and in par-
b a n q u e t which w a s filled with an atmosphere of friend-
ticular to the fight being waged by t h e K h m e r , Viet-
ship and unity.
namese and Lao peoples not only for their own national
On behalf of the great leader of the Chinese people
salvation and the complete liberation of their respec-
C h a i r m a n Mao and the Chinese Government and peo-
tive fatherlands but also for the salvation and liberty
ple, P r e m i e r Chou expressed the warmest congratula-
of other fraternal countries of the third world who are
tions to Samdech Sihanouk on his successful visits to
subjected to threat, aggression or exploitation by the
the five countries in Europe and Africa.
same imperialism and neo-colonialism.
P r e m i e r Chou said: "For the cause of independence "The K h m e r people, and particularly the heroic
a n d liberation of his motherland, Samdech Norodom fighters of their National Liberation Armed Forces, are
Sihanouk who braved the intense heat of mid-summer greatly inspired by the present tremendous a n d
and made light of flying 30,000-odd kilometres, paid a splendid development of the friendship and solidarity
state visit to the five countries in Europe and Africa, uniting them with the peoples of China, Romania,
conveying to t h e people t h e r e the profound friendly Albania, Algeria, Mauritania and Yugoslavia, a develop-
sentiments of the 7 million people of Cambodia. His ment which results from my Peking-Bucharest-Tirana-
noble spirit of patriotism and his efforts to strengthen Algiers-Nouakchott-Brioni-Peking trip and from the
the militant unity of the people of various countries historic contributions made by Your Excellency and
m e r i t our emulation and admiration." Presidents Josip Broz Tito of Yugoslavia. Nicolae
"The brilliant victories won by the heroic Cam- Ceausescu of Romania, Moktar Ould D a d d a h of Mauri-
bodian people in their w a r against U.S. aggression and tania, Enver Hoxha, Haxhi Lleshi and Mehmet Shehu
for national salvation," the Premier continued, "have of Albania and Houari Boumedienne of Algeria, of
been w a r m l y acclaimed and praised by the people of whom I have the immense honour of being considered
the whole world. The fruitful state visits have vividly by them as an intimate friend, brother and comrade-in-
demonstrated t h a t the Cambodian Head of State Sam- arms."
dech Norodom Sihanouk enjoys high international pres- In his speech, Samdech Norodom Sihanouk also
tige, that the international standing of the Royal extended his thanks to President Sekou Toure of
G o v e r n m e n t of National Union of Cambodia is rising Guinea and President Marien Ngouabi of the Congo for
higher and higher, and that the Cambodian people h a v e inviting him to visit their countries and said that h e
friends all over the world. would go to Conakry and Brazzaville in 1973.
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11
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SAMDECH SIHANOUK'S
5-NATION VISIT
• Accompanied by President
Ceauseseu, Samdech Siha-
nouk greets his welcomers
in Bucharest.
President Daddah accom- •
panics Samdech Sihanouk
on a visit to Kiffa. a city in
the interior of Mauritania.
12
Peking) Review, No. 31
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Samdech Sihanouk calls on
Comrade Enver Hoxha,
< Chairman Boumedienne and
Samdech Sihanouk at the
Algiers Airport welcome.
At the farewell banquet
given by President Tito for
Samdech Sihanouk.
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T w o Good and Short Fact-Finding
Reports
"Renmin Ribao" (July 24) front-paged two fact-finding reports under a banner
headline: Please Read Two Good and Short Fact-Finding Reports. There was also an
editor's note which reads:
"These two fact-finding reports, plain and concise, have no unnecessary words. This
style of writing should be greatly encouraged.
"Many of our newspaper articles are too long. Who wants to read them? A change
is needed.
"In his article 'Oppose Stereotyped Party Writing' 30 years ago, Chairman Mao criti-
cized long and empty articles, pointing out that 'we should learn how to write shorter and
pithier articles.' To this day this call is still of practical significance to us. We are ready
to join other comrades in a conscientious effort to solve this problem so that the writing
of articles becomes shorter and shorter."
Another passage from the same article by Chairman Mao was carried in the right-
hand corner of the masthead: "Some of our comrades love to write long articles with no
substance, very much like the 'foot-bindings of a slattern, long as well as smelly.' Why
must they write such long and empty articles? There can be only one explanation; they
are determined the masses shall not read them."
Following is the text of the two fact-finding reports.
— "P.R." Ed.
Tsoumakang Production Brigade Correctly Handles
Forestry and Animal Husbandry Contradiction
And Expands Sheep-Raising
I n a hilly area of Honan Province's Hsihsia Coun- with capitalist thinking started talking nonsense: "For
ty, the Tsoumakang Production Brigade of Wulichiao food grain, count on the collective; for the money you
C o m m u n e has 16 production teams comprising 236 w a n t to spend, count on yourself." [Implying indiffer-
households with 1,221 people and 1,725 mu of cultivated ence to collective production but zeal for side-line
land. In t h e past, because the land was poor and out- occupations by individuals.] Thus, sheep raised by
p u t low, the brigade was never self-sufficient in food peasant households developed rapidly while collective
grains if there was a slight drought or waterlogging. sheep-raising m a d e no progress.
Following Chairman Mao's great teachings "Take grain The brigade later collectivized m o r e t h a n 90 per
as the key link and ensure an all-round development" cent of t h e peasant households' sheep in an effort to
and "An economy without animal husbandry is an in- develop collective flocks. This d a m p e d t h e commune
complete national economy," Tsoumakang has since members' enthusiasm for raising sheep; the n u m b e r of
1965 correctly handled t h e contradiction between flocks dropped. To tackle the problem, t h e brigade
forestry and animal husbandry and, in the light of local P a r t y branch repeatedly studied the policy t o w a r d s
conditions, raised a large n u m b e r of sheep. With only rural people's communes and warded off interference
240 sheep in 1965, the whole brigade by 1971 had 1,300, from the Right and the "Left." The Party's policy was
averaging five and a half per household. implemented by allowing each household to raise one
Stick to Chairman Mao's Revolutionary Line, * These were measures for restoring capitalism in the
Raise Sheep for the Revolution countryside put forward by Liu Shao-chi. San zi yi bao
means the extension of free markets and of plots for private
Development of sheep raising in Tsoumakang was use, the promotion of small enterprises with sole responsi-
coupled with vigorous class struggle and a struggle be- bility for their own profits or losses, and the fixing of output
quotas on a household basis.
tween t h e two lines. At the outset, under the
The "four freedoms" means "freedom to practise usu-
influence of san zi yi bao and the "four freedoms"*
ry, hire labour, buy and sell land and engage in private
which Liu Shao-chi had trumpeted, those ingrained enterprises." — P.R. Ed.
14 Peking Review, No. 31
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or two sheep of its own while the collective actively tion. Half of the 5,000 mu of the m o u n t a i n slope was
develops sheep production. As a result, flocks had blocked to plant trees while the rest was reserved for
grown to 1.300 sheep by the end of 1971, 1,060 raised grazing sheep and cattle. In five years when trees on
by the collective. Over the last six years, Tsoumakang the first half of the slope had grown well and become
has sold 1.340 sheep to the state and far more forests, the land would be ready for sheep and cattle to
sheepskin and wool t h a n it did in 1965. graze. The second half of the slope would in t u r n be
blocked for planting trees. In this way, the b a r r e n
Chairman Mao's Philosophical Thinking slopes would be green with forests in about ten years'
Helps Solve Contradiction Correctly time when sheep could graze in them, and both for-
The production brigade also went through con- estry and sheep-breeding would prosper.
tinued struggles in solving the contradiction between
forestry and animal husbandry. At first, some people More Sheep, More Grain, More Income
said: "Raising sheep makes afforestation impossible. And Greater Contribution
If we want to plant trees, we should get rid of the With the growth of the flocks, t h e r e was a substan-
flocks." Others suggested that sheep-raising be tial increase in m a n u r e which helped develop agricul-
suspended three years for the saplings to grow. t u r a l production. Whereas Tsoumakang's grain yield in
So that the contradiction between forestry and 1965 averaged 236 jin per mu, it had in 1971 increased
animal husbandry could be properly handled, the to 557 jin, outstripping the target set in the National
brigade P a r t y branch ran a study class to study con- P r o g r a m m e for Agricultural Development for areas
scientiously Chairman Mao's philosophical works. This south of the Yellow River. Whereas in 1964 the state
helped the cadres and commune members come to see had to supply the brigade with 8,000 jin of grain, the
things more clearly. Their conclusion w a s : "It's u p to latter delivered and sold some 66,000 jin of grain to
man to accomplish something: it's also u p to man to the state in 1971, besides setting aside 30.000 jin as
tend the sheep while they graze." "It's true there is collective reserves. The brigade was also able to in-
a contradiction between sheep-raising and tree planting, vest over 10,000 yuan to build a reservoir, a flour mill
but both are needed for the revolution." With peo- and a tree nursery. Happily, the poor and lower-
ple's understanding brought to a higher level, the middle peasants nowadays say: "Cattle and sheep roam
brigade P a r t y branch worked out an overall plan based the mountain valley and slopes are green with a forest
on Tsoumakang's specific conditions and made rational of trees. With sheep raised by the collective, increased
a r r a n g e m e n t s for both livestock-breeding and afforesta- production is certain."
A Big G r o w t h In Pig-Raising at the Shanghua
Production Brigade
HE Shanghua Production Brigade in Lanchi
T - County, Chekiang Province, was formed on the
ary line and policies, they win victory in revolution and
develop production, and that by departing from Chair-
basis of what had formerly been the Shanghua Agri- man Mao's proletarian revolutionary line and policies,
cultural Co-operative. they suffer setbacks in both revolution and production.
Chairman Mao had praised the co-operative in 1955 They hold mass discussions every year to learn and
in a comment on an article entitled "A Great Number exchange experience in implementing Chairman Mao's
of Pigs Are Raised Here." This comment has guided comment, check u p on how they are implementing the
and encouraged the Shanghua poor and lower-middle policy on pig-raising and solve problems arising in e x -
peasants in achieving one success after another. panding pig-raising. The brigade P a r t y branch puts
raising pigs on their agenda, maps out plans and pays
The brigade now has nine production teams of 314
attention to carrying them out. As a result, the n u m b e r
households with 1,566 people, averaging a little over 0.8
of pigs in stock has increased steadily. The brigade had
mu of land per capita. Though it was hit by natural
more than 2.500 pigs last year, over six times the 1955
adversities last year, the brigade harvested 1.281 jin of
number, which was 416.
grain per mu, and h a d 2,592 pigs in stock, averaging
8.3 pigs per household (or 1.93 per mu of farmland and Education in line* has been vigorous and
1.66 p e r capita). The collective economy is flourishing the brigade has expanded pig-raising, increased manure,
m o r e and more. Its contribution to the state has in- * It aims to make the people understand and consciously
creased and the commune m e m b e r s ' income has steadily follow Chairman Mao's revolutionary line, learn to discern
gone up. the interference of the revisionist line from the "Left" and
the Right, and carry through concrete Party principles and
policies in every field of work. In Shanghua's movement
All-Round Development of Agriculture, Forestry, to give education in the struggle between the two lines
Livestock-Breeding, Side-Line Production mentioned here, the commune members roundly criticized
And Fisheries the interference of the revisionist line and steeled their
determination to firmly implement the policy of "taking
Brigade m e m b e r s have seen through practice that by grain as the key link and ensuring an all-round develop-
implementing Chairman Mao's proletarian revolution- ment" as advocated by Chairman Mao. — P.R. Ed.
August 4, 1972 15
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improved the soil, raised the per-mu yield of grain and peasant household should be advised to raise one or
income, and promoted an all-round advance in agri- more pigs." Practice h a s shown the brigade that col-
culture, forestry, livestock-breeding, side-line produc- lective and individual pig-raising m u s t go hand in hand,
tion and fisheries. Grain production rose from 442 jin and neither one nor the other should b e dropped. Its
per mu in 1955 to 1.508 jin per mu in 1970. In the last collective pig farms increased from one to ten between
17 years, the brigade delivered and sold 6.31 million 1955 and 1971. The n u m b e r of pigs rose from 16 to
jin of grain and more than 11,000 pigs to the state. It 1,035, and that of sows from 14 to 167. The pig farms
new has 420,000 yuan in public accumulation funds and keep improving. The number of pigs raised by indi-
210.000 jin of grain in reserve. It has set up a tree n u r s - vidual peasant households has also expanded greatly,
ery, a hatchery, fish-breeding farms, a bee farm, a from 400 in 1955 to 1,557 last year.
bean-curd workshop, a brick-kiln and a fodder-process- When a commune m e m b e r sells a pig weighing 120
ing plant. Income from collective side-line production jin or more, the production team gives him 80 to 90 jin
last year was 155,500 yuan, 22 times that in 1957. of grain apart from the 50 jin of fodder grain sold h i m
On the basis of the growth of agricultural and side- by the state. This is done to encourage the c o m m u n e
line production and the rise in collective accumulation, members to raise more pigs. Besides, the collective
the brigade has spent 110,000 y u a n on farm machinery. distributes a fixed amount of such green feed as duck-
It now has two medium-sized tractors, two walking- weed, milk vetch and turnips to households raising pigs
tractors, ten electric motors, five pumps, three electric or sells t h e m at a low price. As for the few poor and
threshers and one diesel engine, as well as machines for lower-middle peasants who lack the funds, the p r o d u c -
processing farm and subsidiary products, sprayers, tion team helps them through interest-free loans to buy
t r a n s p l a n t e r s and rubber-tyred carts. Ploughing, irri- piglets.
gation, threshing, food processing, fodder crushing and
t r a n s p o r t h a v e all been largely mechanized or semi- Vigorously Expanding Fodder Production
mechanized. All households have electric lighting and Fodder is the material foundation for pig-raising.
radio rediffusion apparatuses. The Shanghua Brigade Raising more pigs is out of the question unless the
is a scene of revolutionary prosperity. fodder question is solved. In line with Chairman Mao's
comment, the poor and lower-middle peasants have
Conscientiously Carrying out the Policy of since 1955 correctly handled the relationship between
Simultaneous Development of Collective growing grain and fodder crops and between green pig
And Individual Pig-Raising
feed and fodder crops. Working in the spirit of self-
Chairman Mao pointed out in his comment: "Apart reliance and hard struggle, they have expanded fodder
from collective pig-raising by the co-operatives, every production. They made full use of water resources to
Rectifying the Style of Writing Welcomed
Under the heading: We Like to Read Vivid Ribao speaks our mind for us," hoping that "com-
and Forceful Short Articles. Renmin Ribao rade writers and editors will improve their style
published on July 26 a selection of letters from of writing in the spirit of a rectification m o v e m e n t
readers supporting the important July 24 editor's as Chairman Mao has taught us."
note on rectifying the style of writing. Language teachers at Peking's No. 2 Middle
A Hunan steelworker wrote: "Liu Shao-chi School wrote, saying that the many lengthy and
and other swindlers promoted bourgeois formal- empty articles in the newspapers " a r e precisely the
ism. Articles written along this line, filling endless 'new stereotyped writing,' 'the new dogma' which
pages with empty verbiage, leave one befud- Chairman Mao always has criticized. They reflect
dled. We must do away with this harmful style of idealist apriorism, which exercises a very bad in-
writing that sabotages the revolution." fluence on schooling. An example of this is t h a t
A rural commune m e m b e r from suburban while our school life is lively and colourful, t h e
Peking spoke highly of the two reports which, he students' compositions are nevertheless stereo-
said, are short but not empty and m a k e sense. He typed, d r a b and dull. From them one fails to find
expressed the hope t h a t our "newspapers will carry the vitality of our youngsters. It follows that one
more lively and short articles that are substantial, of the tasks we educational workers have is to
analytical and convincing." promote a new style of writing, which is plain
A soldier in the Nanking Units of the People's and concise, vivid and lively and free from ver-
Liberation A r m y said that "the editor of Renmin biage."
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grow green pig feed. The brigade's 70 ponds can yield in summer, a u t u m n and part of the winter; and turnips
enough green feed to last the pigs three-quarters of the in late winter and early spring. In addition, the state
year. While ensuring grain production, they grow two supplies them with some bran, residue from distilleries
rice crops and one crop oil vegetables a year [some of and molasses. Use of a wide variety of green pig feed
the vegetables are used for fodder], and use stalks. saves much firewood and grain.
husks and leaves to produce a sugar-rich pig feed. The growth of pig-raising has helped increase grain
The specific method of using green pig feed is: milk production and improve the commune m e m b e r s ' living
vetch in spring; duckweed and another wild water plant standard.
COMMUNIQUE
On the Visit of the Government Delegation of the Arab Republic
Of Yemen to the People's Republic of China
July 27, 1972
At the invitation of the Government of the Peo- The two sides noted with pleasure that in recent
ple's Republic of China, the Government Delegation of years the friendly relations and co-operation between.
the A r a b Republic of Yemen led by His Excellency China and Yemen have developed continuously on the
Mohsin A h m e d Al Aini, P r i m e Minister and Minister basis of the Five Principles of m u t u a l respect for terri-
for Foreign Affairs of the A r a b Republic of Yemen, torial integrity and sovereignty, m u t u a l non-aggression,
paid an official visit to the People's Republic of China non-interference in each other's internal affairs, equality
from July 16 to 27, 1972. and mutual benefit, and peaceful coexistence and the
During its stay in China, the delegation visited friendly contacts and ties between the two Governments
Peking. S h a n g h a i and Shenyang, saw factories, people's and peoples in the political, economic, cultural and other
communes, an a r m y unit and scenic spots and places fields have been steadily strengthened. The two sides
of historical interest and was accorded a w a r m and expressed their determination to m a k e joint efforts for
friendly welcome and reception by the Chinese Gov- the continued development of the friendly relations and
ernment and people, which gave expression to the p r o - co-operation between the Governments and peoples of
found traditional friendship between the Chinese and the two countries. For this purpose, a new agreement
on economic and technical co-operation was signed.
Yemeni peoples.
During the visit, Premier of the State Council Chou The two sides reiterate: They resolutely oppose
En-lai and Foreign Minister Chi Peng-fei of the P e o - the aggression against the Palestinian and other A r a b
ple's Republic of China, and P r i m e Minister and Foreign peoples committed b y Israeli Zionism w i t h the support
Minister Mohsin Ahmed Al Aini and all the members and at the instigation of imperialism: they firmly sup-
on the G o v e r n m e n t Delegation of the A r a b Republic port the Palestinian and other A r a b peoples in their
of Yemen led by h i m held friendly and sincere talks just struggle to recover their national rights and lost
on further developing the friendly relations and co- territories; they firmly support the three Indochinese
operation between the two countries and other ques- peoples in their war against U.S. aggression and for
tions of common interest. Abdo Othman Mohamed. national salvation; they firmly support the Korean
A m b a s s a d o r of the A r a b Republic of Yemen to the people in their just struggle for t h e independent peace-
People's Republic of China, also took part in the talks. ful reunification of their fatherland; they firmly support
Yeh Chien-ying, Vice-Chairman of the Military Com- the struggles of all peoples of the world in defence of
mission of the Central Committee of the Chinese Com- national independence and state sovereignty and against
m u n i s t P a r t y , met Colonel Mohamed Al Eriani, D e p u t y imperialist and colonialist aggression and interference;
S u p r e m e Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of and they firmly support the Afro-Asian people's cause
Yemen, a n d had a cordial and friendly conversation of unity against imperialism and hold that disputes
with h i m . between Afro-Asian countries should be settled on the
August 4, 1972 17
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basis of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence Minister Mohsin Ahmed Al Aini has been crowned with
through consultations on an equal footing. complete success and has made a useful contribution
towards developing t h e friendly relations and co-opera-
The two sides note with satisfaction that the current tion between the two countries, enhancing the friend-
visit to China by t h e Government Delegation of the ship between the two peoples and strengthening the
A r a b Republic of Yemen led by His Excellency P r i m e Afro-Asian cause of u n i t y against imperialism.
China at the U.N. missioner to the current session
of the Council, although some
a m e n d m e n t s to the text have been
Essence of the So-Colled made, the above-mentioned illegal
activities interfering in China's in-
ternal affairs still continue u p to the
"Chinese Refugees" Question present day. This is w h a t the Gov-
ernment and people of China abso-
lutely cannot tolerate. T h e Chinese
The 53rd Session of the Economic rabid anti-China activities. This so- Delegation solemnly d e m a n d s t h a t
and Social Council of the United Na- called 'question of Tibetan refugees' the Office of the U.N. High Commis-
tions held its plenary meeting on is a result of the Indian Govern- sioner for Refugees immediately stop
July 27 to discuss the report of the ment's interference in and subversion all illegal activities on the questions
United Nations High Commissioner against China. of so-called 'Tibetan refugees' and
for Refugees. Chinese Representa- "2. Both Hongkong and Macao 'Chinese refugees' in Hongkong and
tive Wang J u n - s h e n g made a state- are China's territories. There has Macao, abolish the organs for these
ment at the meeting on the question always been interflow of Chinese illegal activities, and delete all the
of so-called "assistance" continuous- between Hongkong, Macao and other related parts from the report."
ly extended by the Office of the parts of China. The Chinese living in
United Nations High Commissioner The Indian representative advanced
Hongkong and Macao are by no
for Refugees in the past years to so- a feeble a r g u m e n t against the Chi-
means 'refugees,' and the so-called
called "Tibetan refugees" and "Chi- nese statement. He asserted hypocriti-
'question of Chinese refugees' simply
nese refugees" in Macao. The state- cally t h a t India cared for all refugees
does not exist. The so-called 'ques-
ment demands that the said office out of " h u m a n i t a r i a n i s m , " no m a t t e r
tion of Chinese refugees' in Hong-
immediately stop all illegal activities from w h a t country they came. He
kong and Macao is nothing but an
on the question of so-called "Tibetan craftily asserted that the "assistance"
anti-China falsehood concocted by
refugees" and "Chinese refugees" in to "Tibetan refugees" could not be
the imperialist-supported Chiang
Hongkong and Macao, abolish the regarded as "interference in internal
Kai-shek clique, which has long been
organs for these illegal activities, affairs."
repudiated by the Chinese people.
and delete all the related parts from Wang J u n - s h e n g immediately r e -
"3. In the past few years, at the
the report. pudiated the Indian representative's
instigation of the United States, the
Wang Jun-sheng's statement calumny. He pointed out t h a t " t h e
Chiang Kai-shek clique and India,
reads: Indian Government has long been
the United Nations on several occa-
"We have taken note of the fact harbouring the aggressive ambition
sions discussed and adopted illegal
that the Office of the United Nations to poke its nose into China's Tibetan
resolutions on the so-called 'question
High Commissioner for Refugees has, region. It is an indisputable a n d objec-
of Tibet' and 'question of Chinese
in the past years, continuously ex- tive fact that India has been carrying
refugees in Hongkong,' thus leaving
tended so-called 'assistance' to so- out interference, subversion and e x -
behind most dishonourable records.
called 'Tibetan refugees' and 'Chinese pansion in China's territory Tibet.
Besides, the Office of the U.N. High
refugees' in Macao. The Chinese After having coerced Tibetan inhabi-
Commissioner for Refugees has r e -
Delegation upon instructions states tants into going to India, the Indian
garded as 'refugees' the Tibetan in-
the position of the Chinese Govern- Government tried to cover u p its
habitants who have gone to India
ment on this question. interference in China's internal
under the coercion of the Indian
affairs with so-called ' h u m a n i t a r i a n -
" 1 . Tibet is China's territory. Government, regarded as 'so-called
ism.' This is entirely futile."
Matters concerning Tibet are China's refugees' Chinese inhabitants of
internal affairs in which no foreign Hongkong and Macao, carried out According to precedents, the chair-
country or international organization activities known as 'raising con- m a n presiding over t h e meeting pro-
has the right to interfere. Upon the tributions for relief and set up posed that the High Commissioner's
failure of the serf-owners' rebellion 'offices' and other agencies for such report be forwarded to the U.N.
ii instigated in China's Tibet region illegal activities. This is a flagrant General Assembly. W a n g J u n - s h e n g
in 1959, the Indian Government violation of the U.N. Charter and demanded that his s t a t e m e n t be for-
brazenly coerced tens of thousands interference in China's internal af- warded to the U.N. General
of Tibetan inhabitants into going to fairs. As regards the report sub- Assembly together w i t h the report.
India and made use of the m a t t e r for mitted by the U.N. High Com- The chairman g r a n t e d his demand.
18 Peking Review, No. 31
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(Continued from p. 5.) sha in Hunan Province, central Roy Evans, National President, and
China. Workers, peasants and local Jack Ewen, National Secretary, of
Commander of the Air Force, arrived
inhabitants helped in the excavation the New Zealand-China Society; and
in Peking by special plane on J u l y 26
work. leaders of the New Zealand Table
for a friendly visit at the invitation
Tennis Association. The delegation
of the Chinese Government. A fairly well-preserved female
also attended meetings jointly or-
corpse was found in the tomb. Half
Vice-Minister of National Defence ganized by the New Zealand-China
the body was still immersed in a
Hsiao Ching-kuang gave a banquet Society, student and academic or-
reddish fluid and the corpse was
that evening in honour of the ganizations and the New Zealand
clothed and wrapped in about 20
visitors. Chinese Cultural Society.
layers of silk clothing. According to
Speaking at the function. Hsiao an investigation report, the fibres of During its stay in Wellington,
Ching-kuang said: "In recent years, the subcutaneous loose connective David Highet, Minister of Internal
the friendly relations and co-opera- tissue are distinct and resilient. The Affairs of New Zealand, gave a re-
tion between our two countries have colour of the femoral artery is similar ception in honour of the delegation.
daily consolidated and developed in to that of a fresh corpse. A sub- New Zealand P r i m e Minister J o h n
the common struggle against impe- cutaneous injection of preservatives Ross Marshall. G o v e r n m e n t Minis-
rialism and on the basis of the Five made the soft tissues swell imme- ters, Members of Parliament and
Principles of Peaceful Coexistence." diately and then the swelling faded people from various circles w e r e
out. Most likely the wife of a 2nd present.
He pointed out that an excellent
century B.C. marquis, the woman is
situation prevails throughout Africa
estimated to have died at about the
and said that the Chinese people and NEWS BRIEFS
age of 50.
the Chinese People's Liberation
A r m y firmly stand by the African Archaeological workers said that • Premier Chou En-lai sent a
people in the common struggle for the reason the corpse, coffins and message to Prime Minister Fidel
the complete defeat of imperialism. more than 1,000 burial accessories Castro on July 25 extending con-
colonialism and neo-colonialism. showed little signs of decay is due to gratulations on the 19th anniversary
the charcoal and white clay piled of Cuba's National Rebellion Day.
In his speech. Kissima Doukara
around the walls and on the top of • Acting Chairman Tung Pi-wu
said: "The reasons for my last visit
the outermost coffin and other treat- on J u l y 27 cabled w a r m congratula-
are identical with those which occa-
ment. The burial accessories include tions to Peruvian President J u a n
sion my presence among you today.
silk fabrics, a painting in colour on Velasco Alvarado on t h e Republic of
They are an expression of the fruit-
silk, lacquer ware, bamboo and Peru's National Day. Chinese leaders
ful co-operation between our two
wooden utensils, and pottery. attended the National Day reception
countries and an evidence of the
friendship between our two peoples These finds are among the most given by Peruvian Ambassador
and armies." important and extremely r a r e relics Eduardo Valdez in Peking on J u l y 28.
discovered in China. (A fuller ac- • China and Afghanistan signed a
"From the time of the independ-
count will be published later.) civil air transportation agreement on
ence of my country to this day, the
July 26 in Kabul. Afghan Prime
people of Mali have had the full
A Week in New Zealand Minister Abdul Zahir and Foreign
benefit of your support. From this
Minister Mohammad Musa Shafiq
support has emerged a co-operation The Chinese table tennis delega- respectively received the visiting
that touches all spheres," he said. tion's recent one-week visit to New Chinese Government Civil Aviation
"Sincerity in this friendship is the Zealand has helped promote friend- Delegation.
basis of this co-operation. Both our ship and mutual understanding be-
countries have the ardent desire to • A Chinese workers' delegation
tween the people of China and New
consolidate and strengthen our rela- Zealand. paid a visit to Romania from J u l y 10
tions day by day." to 26.
Arriving in Auckland on July 16,
Premier Chou En-lai and Vice- • A 12-member table tennis dele-
the delegation later visited Welling-
Minister Hsiao Ching-kuang met gation from Italy led by Guglielmo
ton, Christchurch and Dunedin. It
and had a cordial and friendly con- Sineri, President of the Italian Na-
received a w a r m and unforgettable
versation with the Malian guests on tional Table Tennis Federation, m a d e
welcome wherever it went. In Lower
J u l y 28. a friendly visit to China from July
Hutt near Wellington and the
18 to 28. Chairman of the Italian
other three cities, friendly matches
Olympic Committee Giulio Onesti
Rare and Important were held between Chinese and New
was in China from July 22 to 29 on
Zealand players. More t h a n 1,000
Archaeological Finds a friendly visit.
spectators were on hand in Auckland
A more t h a n 2,000-year-old tomb and in Lower Hutt to see the • A Chinese volleyball delegation
of the early Western Han Dynasty matches. Among them were V.G. left Peking on J u l y 19 for friendship
(206 B.C.-24 A.D.) was unearthed Wilcox, General Secretary of the visits to Cuba, Peru, Chile and
recently on the outskirts of Chang- Communist P a r t y of New Zealand; Mexico.
August 4, 1972 19
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have our principles and it is these
ROUND THE WORLD principles which govern our relations
with the United States, the Soviet
Union or the whole world. I have
JAPAN it to attain this as early as possible. said on a previous occasion that we
We will co-operate with the Tanaka are not willing to sell our principles
Opposition Parties' Appeal Cabinet if it adopts a forward-look or ideals for all the gold of the United
ing attitude on this question. States, never."
The Kanagawa Prefectural Citi-
zens Congress for the Restoration of Kasuga said that restoration The Egyptian President then dealt
Japan-China Diplomatic Relations of Japan-China diplomatic relations with the Soviet stand on the Middle
held a lecture meeting in Yokohama is a historical trend which nobody East issue and its relations with
City on July 25 to urge the early can halt. The Tanaka Cabinet is Egypt. "What is the Soviet Union
restoration of Japan-China diplomat- pursuing a forward-looking approach giving you?" he asked. "Its idea was
ic relations. About 1.000 people from on the China issue. With the excep- to enter talks with the United States
various circles attended. tion of the Japanese Communist from a position of strength and to
P a r t y [meaning the Miyamoto clique sow despair in Arab hearts."
Chairman of the Japanese Social-
— Editor], he pointed out. all oppo- Referring to his four visits to the
ist P a r t y Tomomi Narita, Vice-
sition parties support the Tanaka Soviet Union and the fact that t h e
Chairman of the Komei P a r t y Bunzo
Cabinet in its effort to restore diplo- latter had delayed on m a n y occasions
Ninomiya and Chairman of the
matic relations. Therefore, they the execution of the agreement it
Democratic Socialist P a r t y Ikko Ka-
hope that Prime Minister Tanaka signed with Egypt. Sadat said: " T h e
suga addressed the meeting.
will act boldly. difference simply is: the United
Narita said that restoration of States is fulfilling its commitments
Japan-China diplomatic relations is Representative Member of the
to Israel, and is insisting on settling
a task of the nationals and the na- National Congress for the Restora-
the issue through direct negotiations
tion and also an important question tion of Japan-China Diplomatic Re-
with Israel. The Soviet Union, in its
conducive to peace in Asia. He noted lations Kinkazu Saionji, Diet Member
friendship with us, is not supposed
that the newly formed Tanaka C a b - of the Liberal Democratic P a r l y To-
to behave in the same w a y the Unit-
inet has adopted a positive attitude k u m a Utsunomiya, and Mayor of
ed States is behaving towards Israel.
t o w a r d s such a restoration. Though Yokohama Kazuo Asukada also spoke
Israel is a tool of the United States,
the Socialist P a r t y is an opposition on the occasion. All expressed hope
but we are not a fool."
party, we believe the Tanaka Cab- for early restoration of Japan-China
diplomatic relations. "There were reasons." Sadat add-
inet's intention to r e s t o r e J a p a n -
ed, "behind the decision to t e r m i -
China diplomatic relations is sincere.
nate the mission of the Soviet experts
So long as the Tanaka Cabinet ac- EGYPT
and advisers, but a most important
tively works for this, we will actively
support this government approach. factor is that I wished the whole
Sadat Calls for Greater Unity
This is the way of a genuinely r e - nation to know that we will fight
formist political party, he said. The National Congress of the A r a b alone in the field if the circumstances
Socialist Union held a three-day so require. We prefer to see precious
Narita pointed out that a certain meeting from July 24 to 26. Speak- blood flowing on the battlefield
party which styles itself a party of ing at its inaugural session. President r a t h e r t h a n continue to live under
the nation and of nationals is Sadat called on the Egyptian people illusions in the state of no w a r and
sabotaging the restoration of J a p a n - to close ranks and shoulder heavy no peace which seeps our blood drop
China diplomatic relations. This is responsibility for national liberation. by drop every day."
impermissible. However, it is becom- "It is the sacred task and duty of
Sadat sternly condemned the Unit-
ing weak and isolated. any nation," t h e Egyptian President
ed States for its continued backing
stressed, "to liberate its territories
Ninomiya said that public opinion of Israel in the latter's aggression
from occupation and aggression. The
demanding t h e restoration of diplo- against Egypt and other A r a b coun-
revolution is the whole people, gen-
matic relations between J a p a n and tries. He told the meeting that after
eration after generation, believing in
China is surging on an unprecedented his decision to terminate the mission
scale and mounting daily. It is the their principles and objectives."
of the Soviet military experts and
solemn duty of the Japanese people advisers in Egypt, a certain European The National Congress finally
to further concentrate efforts to real- country sent him a message express- adopted resolutions pledging full
ize the normalization of diplomatic ing its readiness to mediate between support for President Sadat's deci-
relations, which has become an in- the United States and Israel on the sions related to the termination of
evitable trend in this era and nobody one hand and Egypt on the other. the Soviet military advisers' mission
can stand in the way. He added: '•They thought." Sadat remarked, in Egypt.
Restoration of diplomatic relations " t h a t after I had decided to end the President Sadat has received sev-
depends on the Tanaka Cabinet's r e - mission of the Soviet experts and eral thousand messages by telegram
solve and action and w e encourage advisers, I changed my skin. But we from various organizations and in-
20 Peking Review, No. 31
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dividuals throughout Egypt showing create "a lake of peace" after the two been signed or initialled by 17 West,
their support for his decisions. A powers have left, he pointed out. European countries.
Libyan paper editorially supported Foreign Minister Masmoudi said: Speaking at the signing ceremony
Egypt. Al Anwar (Lebanon) asked, "These superpowers on the one hand in Brussels on J u l y 22, Swedish
"Friendship should be based on an promise the world that they will not Foreign Minister Krister Wickman
exchange of interests, but w h e r e fight one another, and on the other noted that the agreements "opened
does the balance of Soviet-Arab hand continue their endless strife by possibilities to deepen and widen co-
friendship lie?" using others." operation" among the West European
"On the first scale," the paper countries.
He noted: "It is the Soviet tactic
continued, "we find the Soviet pres- today to infiltrate countries which The July 22 agreements envisage
ence in the area, Soviet fleets in the broke their ties with the West. The m u t u a l elimination by the 17 coun-
Mediterranean, military bases and Soviets speak of aid, but in fact what tries of tariffs on industrial goods
bilateral treaties, getting nearer to between themselves in five years.
they do is to virtually settle in these
the petroleum resources in the area, Beginning April 1, 1973, the tariff
countries." "The United States, on
and m a n y other things. On the reduction will be 20 per cent each
the other hand, speaking of the
second scale, we find defensive year. Full duty-free trade in indus-
weapons in the first place and every- balance of power, arms the other trial goods will be established by
thing else, including the high dam countries neighbouring those under July 1, 1977, making all 17 countries
and other aid, are all second rate. The Soviet influence to their very teeth," a free trade zone for the free flow
scales were never equal." "The he said. of industrial goods.
Soviet Union's only motive was its The Tunisian Foreign Minister also Taking into account specific con-
interests, but w h a t about the in- said: "We have had enough of the ditions in different national econ-
terests of Egypt and the A r a b superpowers proclaiming peace omies, the agreements provide a
people?" longer transitional period before the
among themselves and then using us
smaller nations as pawns in their elimination of tariffs on certain
TUNISIA own battle." products.
The 17 nations also decided to set
Mohammed Masmoudi On up a committee to handle free trade-
WESTERN EUROPE
Superpowers arrangements.
While on a visit abroad, Tunisian 17-Country Agreements on The West European Common
Market and the E.F.T.A. are two eco-
Foreign Minister Mohammed Mas- Free Trade Zone
nomic groups established by the West
moudi spoke about Middle East and A free trade zone comprising al- European capitalist countries to com-
Mediterranean problems. most all West European countries pete in t r a d e with other countries.
In Beirut, capital of Lebanon, on will gradually be established, begin- The former was formed in 1958 and
J u l y 24, Foreign Minister Masmoudi ning next year, to bring about closer relations among m e m b e r s were close;
said: "We hope t h a t the Arab states economic and trade links within the the latter was formed in 1960 and
will support Egypt at the present zone. This is the result of a series of relations among m e m b e r s were com-
time. Tunisia will work in this direc- agreements signed on J u l y 22 in Bel- paratively loose. Intensified conten-
gium's capital by representatives of tion and collusion between the two
tion." It is unacceptable to the Arab
the West European Common Market superpowers in Europe has promoted
countries to remain under the sway
original six — France, West Ger- the process of union for the West
of the struggle between the two
many, Italy, the Netherlands, Belgium European countries and hastened 1 he
superpowers, he added. and Luxembourg — its four candi- establishment of close relations be-
He told a press conference in An- date members — Britain, Denmark, tween the two groups.
kara, capital of Turkey, on July 25 Norway and Ireland — and five The setting u p of the 17-nation
members of the European Free Trade free trade zone was opposed by the
that " t h e superpowers profiting from
Association (E.F.T.A.) — Sweden, United States which lodged protests
the Israeli-Arab dispute have occu-
Switzerland, Austria, Iceland and last November with the two economic
pied the Mediterranean with their
Portugal. This marked a new step groups and attempted to obstruct the
fleet" and that " w e cannot fail to see forward on the road to closer union negotiations. It later asked the Com-
t h a t these superpowers are doing of the West European countries. mon Market countries to compensate
their utmost not to bring w a r and it for its "losses." Commenting on
The Principality of Liechtenstein
not to bring peace to this troubled the free trade agreements reached by
has joined the zone with Switzerland
area." the 17 countries, t h e West Ger-
with which it has close economic lies.
There can be no peace in the Finland, an associate member of the man paper Frankfurter Allgemeine
Middle East, he said, until the Soviet E.F.T.A., also has reached agreements Zeitung noted that Europe was now-
Union a n d the United States leave with the Common Market countries strong enough to reach agreements
the Mediterranean. The Mediter- on the question of joining the zone. almost in disregard of the U.S.
r a n e a n nations would be able to Thus, a series of agreements have threats of a few months ago.
August 4, 1972 Scanned and prepared by It's Right to Rebel!
21
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search in this big enterprise which
ON THE HOME FRONT makes precision grinding machines.
Before attending college, worker
Liu Yi-hung wanted to design an oil
press to reduce labour intensity in
cold working. At the time, he knew
Nonmetallic Minerals A host of medium and small mines neither how to compute nor how to
have been set up in m a n y provinces make mechanical drawings and could
MINES and plants making use of and autonomous regions to comple- not put any of his ideas down on
China's a b u n d a n t nonmetallic ment major state-financed enterprises. paper. Now. in addition to practical
mineral resources are to be found Using the method of employing geo- experience, he has learnt the whys
throughout the country. Among the logical prospecting teams and mobil- and wherefores. He can compute,
more than 80 minerals mined are izing the masses to report mineral make mechanical drawings and work
asbestos, mica, diamond, graphite,
finds, Liaoning Province has in the parts and assemble them. After re-
China clay, gypsum, fluorite, diabase
past three years initially verified turning to his workshop, he straight-
and perlite. J a n u a r y - M a y production
some 420 ore-showing points of way designed an oil press. He suc-
of the first three this year was 19-70
varying sizes with deposits of more ceeded in making it together with
per cent above that of the same
t h a n a score of nonmetallic miner- other worker's in two months.
period last year.
als. Exploitation of some 200 points The worker-graduates are proving
Personnel in production and r e - has begun. In Shantung Province, themselves capable in work not only
search d e p a r t m e n t s have worked one small asbestos mine had been because they have practical experi-
hard to open new mines and make turning out 800 tons a year by man- ence, but also because they are adept
good use of these minerals. The ual processes until the workers and at concentrating the experiences and
machine-building industry, for staff began introducing technical wisdom of other workers, as they
instance, is now using diamonds for
innovations and adding machinery themselves belong to the workers and
cullers and drills, giving them a serv-
m a d e by themselves. Now of me- are constantly among them. Chen
ice life 100 times that of high speed
dium size and semi-mechanized, the Pao-ken, who works in the grinding
or hard alloy steel. The electronics
mine is producing 2,500 tons of as- machine research institute, was put in
industry is using diamond die-sets to
bestos a year. charge of a group designing a double
m a k e superfine tungsten wire for
disc grinding machine. Before starl-
electron tubes and lamps. Perlite
ing, he and other m e m b e r s of the
products with a thermal insulation Shanghai Workers' group visited a dozen or more fac-
capacity twice that of previously used Graduates— The tories to solicit opinions and m a k e
materials have been employed in r e - First Year observations of various types of
cent years by the metallurgical,
grinding machines at work. The
construction, chemical and commu- NOT long after Chairman Mao
group has completed the designing
nication departments in projects in- issued the call to " t a k e the road
of a new-type double disc grinding
volving high and extremely low of the Shanghai Machine Tools Plant
machine.
temperatures (more than minus in training technicians from among
170° C ) . and high thermal insulation. the w o r k e r s " on July 21, 1988. the One prominent trait of the w o r k e r -
plant founded its "July 2 1 " Workers' graduates is their wholehearted de-
D e p a r t m e n t s making equipment
College. (See Peking Review, No. 32. votion to the revolution without
for the chemical industry, and cold
1971.) The first group of 52 students thought for personal fame or gain,
storages, using perlite products are
(including 7 women) who graduated which is characteristic of the work-
able to maintain t e m p e r a t u r e s of
on July 21, 1971, have now been ing class. In designing, they are al-
190 -200° below zero C. in their
working for a year. ways thinking of how to economize
installations. Various industrial de-
on production costs while facilitating
p a r t m e n t s have turned to diabase Carrying out Chairman Mao's
operation and increasing production.
pre ducts as these can better with- instruction that "they should return
stand wear and corrosion than those to production after a few years' Grinding machine operator Tsai
made of iron and steel or alloy, some- study," 34 of the graduates have r e - Jung-ping has made six technical in-
times outlasting t h e m scores of times. turned to their former workshops, 10 novations together w i t h his m a t e s in
have been assigned to the plant's the six months since r e t u r n i n g from
Developing nonmetallic mines,
grinding machine research institute, college. He helped create a hydraulic
industrial departments have followed
and 8 have gone to other parts of transmission system for an imported
Chairman Mao's policy of walking
the country to help in industrial grinding machine which had a clumsy
on two legs, i.e., the simultaneous
construction. hand-operated end rest. This inno-
development of national and local
vation reduced labour intensity while
industries, of large enterprises and The worker-graduates who have
raising w o r k efficiency.
medium-sized and small ones, and returned to the Shanghai Machine
simultaneously employing modern Tools Plant m a k e u p a n e w shock Liu Yi-hung, considering it his d u t y
and indigenous production methods. force in technical innovation and r e - to eliminate soot discharged daily
22 Peking Review, No. 31
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mittee of a commune ince's Tachai B r i g a d e — t h e nation-
directs all work — polit- al pace-setter in agriculture — he
ical, economic, military and brought his copies of Chairman Mao's
cultural. Hence the heavy works along with a bedroll and a hoe
duty of its secretary. on his shoulder and went to the Pei-
shan Brigade. Investigating while
In the last decade or so
working with the peasants, he got to
since Liao Hsi-lung was
know the poor and lower-middle peas-
given the post, he has
ants' strong desire to change things
firmly carried out Chair-
and learnt about an unreformed land-
m a n Mao's directive that
lord's plot to sabotage construction in
cadres must take part in
the hilly areas.
collective productive la-
bour. His annual work- Together with the brigade's P a r t y
days in the fields exceed branch, he led the masses to oppose
120. the class enemy's undermining activi-
ties. Meanwhile they propagated the
In 1969, Liao Hsi-lung
Tachai peasants' revolutionary spirit
became concurrently a
of self-reliance and h a r d struggle in
member of the Chekiang
building up their hills. Taking Tachai
Provincial Revolutionary
as their example, the Peishan peasants
Committee, a member of
built embankments, dug channels and
the standing committee
cut through hills to build terraced
Chen Pao-ken (centre), graduate of the of the Revolutionary Com-
Workers' College, working on a technical fields. By implementing the principle
mittee of the Wenchou
of " t a k i n g grain as t h e key link and
Special Administrative Re-
from the boiler room chimney-stack ensuring an all-round development,"
gion and Vice-Chairman of the Ping-
which threatened public health, is the brigade's grain output increased
yang County Revolutionary Com-
now co-operating with other workers steadily and a diversified economy
mittee. Busier than ever, he has al-
to design a device to solve the developed.
ways made it a point to work in the
problem. fields. He once remained in the Since the start of the Great Cultural
After r e t u r n i n g to their work, the fields until a few minutes before the Revolution, Liao Hsi-lung has gone
worker-graduates freely pass on the bus left for Wenchou for a meeting; round the more than 100 villages in
theoretical knowledge they learnt in when the meeting ended in the eve- the hilly areas to discover, sum up and
college to their class brothers. Some ning, he hurried back to do his share popularize advanced experience and
of them are giving lessons and spend in m a n u a l work. He often works promote the mass m o v e m e n t to learn
much of their spare time preparing with the peasants in all kinds of from Tachai. Several years' efforts
them. weather and every season and where transformed the hilly region to a great
The second group of 98 students the work is hardest. extent. Grain production in 1971 sur-
— 25 are women — h a v e been study- Last a u t u m n when a big drought passed 1,000 jin per mu in most of the
ing for a year now at the " J u l y 2 1 " hit the locality, Liao and other com- hilly brigades, and around 10,000 mu
W o r k e r s ' College. They come from m u n e cadres never left their posts of slopes w e r e covered with trees.
the Shanghai Machine Tools Plant as in fighting the drought. When a Liao Hsi-lung joined commune
well as 21 other factories in the typhoon came, he stayed overnight cadres in making scientific experi-
metropolis.
on the dyke to help protect the water ments while doing field work. Over
conservancy project. the years they experimented on soil
One of the Common People
improvement, turning the commune's
LIAO Hsi-lung is secretary of the Preferring not to have a specific
3,000 mu of low-yielding fields into
P a r t y committee of the Chenghsi room for his office, Liao chooses to
stable, high-yielding ones. Per-mu
People's Commune in Pingyang do his regular work in the fields,
output was generally raised from un-
County, Chekiang Province. The work-sites or a peasant's house. He
der 500 to over 1,000 jin. To give
commune has 8.700 members. has been good at combining manual
the paddyfields more fertilizer. Liao
labour with work as P a r t y secretary.
The grass-roots unit of China's so- organized an experimental group to
Taking part in physical labour, he in
cialist society and of the political cultivate duckweed, a green manure
time discovered and solved problems
power of the proletariat in the crop. Recent years' scientific experi-
there.
r u r a l areas, the people's commune ments have enabled duckweed to be
has peasants, workers, financial and Nine out of the commune's 12 bri- grown all the year round for paddy-
t r a d e workers, cultural, educational gades are in areas of rolling hills. fields and it is used for a variety of
a n d health workers, students, militia Liao had not paid enough attention crops besides paddy-rice. This has
as well as Party cadres and govern- to construction work in these bri- been important in increasing produc-
m e n t functionaries. The P a r t y com- gades. After visiting Shansi Prov- tion.
August 4, 1972 23
Scanned and prepared by It's Right to Rebel!
irtr.org/cra IRTR Cultural Revolution Archive cra@irtr.org
NEW BOOK
On the Long March With
Chairman Mao
by Chen Chang-feng
The world-renowned Long March which covered a distance of 25,000 li (12,500 kilo-
metres) was made by the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army under the leadership
of the Chinese Communist Party a n d Chairman M a o during the period of 1934-36.
By the end of 1933, the Kuomintang bandit troops hod launched their fifth encirclement
c a m p a i g n against the Central Red Army in Kiangsi. Unfortunately, because the Communist
Party was then d o m i n a t e d by the erroneous " L e f t " line, the Red Army could not break the
enemy encirclement and was compelled to leave the Kiangsi base area and embark on
the Long M a r c h in October 1934.
Early in the Long M a r c h , the " L e f t " opportunists continued to carry out an erroneous
line and more than once put the Red Army in a precarious position, bringing enormous
losses to it. The enlarged meeting of the Political Bureau of the Party Central Committee
in Tsunyi in January 1935 put an end to the domination of the " L e f t " opportunist line a n d
established Comrade M a o Tsetung's leading position in the whole Party. Thus the Party
a n d the Red Army were saved from imminent danger, and the Chinese revolution was able
to surmount it. Under the correct leadership of Comrade M a o Tsetung after the Tsunyi
Meeting, the Red Army frustrated pursuit and interception by hundreds of thousands of
enemy troops, overcame innumerable hardships and difficulties and victoriously reached
northern Shensi. Thus the Long March ended in triumph.
This book is a record of the author's six years, 1930-36, of serving first as Chairman
Mao's orderly and then as bodyguard. It records his impressions of the Chairman's life
and work, focusing on the Long March, and the Red Army in time of trial. These rem-
iniscences of the revolution highlight the historical events of that period and vividly
bring out Chairman Mao's revolutionary outlook and plain living.
The book is illustrated.
132 pp 11 X 19.5 cm
Also available in Arabic, Burmese, French, German, Hindi,
Indonesian, Japanese, Korean, Spanish and Vietnamese.
Published by: FOREIGN LANGUAGES PRESS, Peking, China
Distributed by: GUOZI SHUDIAN (China Publications Centre), Peking, China
MA!L ORDER DEPT.
Order from your local bookseller or write direct to the GUOZI SHUDIAN
P.O. Box 399, Peking, China
Scanned and prepared by It's Right to Rebel!
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