e-Books from Inception to Adoption

							e-Books: from Inception to
        Adoption
                                   Andrew Evans
                                 Account Manager
                               a.evans@oclcpica.org

         “E-Books: Current Reality and Future Expectations ”
                 Board Room, The British Council, Manchester
                          Thursday 2nd June 2005




  7th Floor, Tricorn House | 51-53 Hagley Road | Edgbaston | Birmingham | tel + 44 121 456 4656 | fax + 44 121 456 4680
                            Topics
 Resume and update –

 Market Impacts

 (OCLC PICA) Market Perspective

 eBook Adoption

 From eBooks to eContent




 7th Floor, Tricorn House | 51-53 Hagley Road | Edgbaston | Birmingham | tel + 44 121 456 4656 | fax + 44 121 456 4680
                 Resume and
                   update -
                  NetLibrary




7th Floor, Tricorn House | 51-53 Hagley Road | Edgbaston | Birmingham | tel + 44 121 456 4656 | fax + 44 121 456 4680
             Who are NetLibrary?
 The leading provider of eContent to the institutional library
  market
 Founded in August 1998, NetLibrary is located in Boulder,
  Colorado
 OCLC Inc acquired NetLibrary 24th January 2002 and is
  division of OCLC Inc
 NetLibrary offers an easy-to-use information and retrieval
  system for accessing the full text of reference, scholarly, and
  professional books
 A single interface to search and read 90,000 eBook titles from
more than 500 commercial and academic publishers




        7th Floor, Tricorn House | 51-53 Hagley Road | Edgbaston | Birmingham | tel + 44 121 456 4656 | fax + 44 121 456 4680
                      NetLibrary Growth
 Over 1 million NetLibrary eBooks in circulation/8 million page
  views a month

 23,500+ titles from 100+ non-U.S. publishers, 50 UK publishers

 Increasing addition of front list content:
       2001- 40% front list
       2004 – nearly 90% front list

 50-60 new publishers per year- currently adding approx 18,000
  titles per annum

 Languages – 14 publishers providing Spanish content, 7
  publishers providing French content



          7th Floor, Tricorn House | 51-53 Hagley Road | Edgbaston | Birmingham | tel + 44 121 456 4656 | fax + 44 121 456 4680
            Collection Development
                           Top Ten Subjects in the NetLibrary Collection

                             Technology,             Education
                           Engineering and              5%
                            Manufacturing                             Political Science
                                 5%                                          4%
              Religion                                                                               Business, Economics
                5%                                                                                     and Management
                                                                                                             24%
    Computers
       6%




History: World and
      General
        7%


                                                                                                                     Literature
                                                                                                                        16%
                                                                      Social Sciences:
                           Medicine
                                                                          General
                            12%
                                                                            16%




           7th Floor, Tricorn House | 51-53 Hagley Road | Edgbaston | Birmingham | tel + 44 121 456 4656 | fax + 44 121 456 4680
  Pricing – content plus access

 Content - the eBook price is determined by the publisher of the
  content – www.netlibrary.com/titleselect
 Access -
  Prepaid Ongoing Access

    55% of the retail price of the content purchased - provides for
      continuing access including any upgrades and
      enhancements

    Annual Service Fee

    15% of the retail price of the content purchased and annually
      on the anniversary of the purchase


        7th Floor, Tricorn House | 51-53 Hagley Road | Edgbaston | Birmingham | tel + 44 121 456 4656 | fax + 44 121 456 4680
                        eBook Essentials
Five Collections to choose from
                                                                                                  Cost per fte
1) Academic Collection (collections 2-5)                          12,700 titles                   $0.75
2) Business & Economics                                           2,300+                          $0.45
3) Humanities                                                     5,100+                          $0.45
4) Science & Engineering                                          2,000+                          $0.30
5) Social & Behavioural Sciences                                  3,100+                          $0.30

Example: Library with an 10,000 FTE can purchase the business & economics
collection for $4500 (approx £2800) plus VAT

 Unlimited user access
 Titles published in 2000 or before
 Annual subscription model
 More information – http://www.oclc.org/netlibrary/collectiondeveloper



           7th Floor, Tricorn House | 51-53 Hagley Road | Edgbaston | Birmingham | tel + 44 121 456 4656 | fax + 44 121 456 4680
         What is Open WorldCat?

 A cooperative approach to make libraries and their collections
  more visible and available on the open Web, through major
  search engines and other heavily used Web sites.

 Help Web searchers discover the richness of library collections
  and link them to a nearby library for service

 How to participate
     Load your holdings into WorldCat
     Subscribe to WorldCat via FirstSearch




         7th Floor, Tricorn House | 51-53 Hagley Road | Edgbaston | Birmingham | tel + 44 121 456 4656 | fax + 44 121 456 4680
7th Floor, Tricorn House | 51-53 Hagley Road | Edgbaston | Birmingham | tel + 44 121 456 4656 | fax + 44 121 456 4680
7th Floor, Tricorn House | 51-53 Hagley Road | Edgbaston | Birmingham | tel + 44 121 456 4656 | fax + 44 121 456 4680
7th Floor, Tricorn House | 51-53 Hagley Road | Edgbaston | Birmingham | tel + 44 121 456 4656 | fax + 44 121 456 4680
                                    AudioBooks
 Partnership with leading audio book provider:




   Core Collection
   Additional titles added per month
   Top-selling authors; best selling titles
   Add-on collections; Pimsleur, Bible, more to follow
   Innovative pricing and access models

To be launched in the UK – Summer 05



           7th Floor, Tricorn House | 51-53 Hagley Road | Edgbaston | Birmingham | tel + 44 121 456 4656 | fax + 44 121 456 4680
                            Market
                           Impacts




7th Floor, Tricorn House | 51-53 Hagley Road | Edgbaston | Birmingham | tel + 44 121 456 4656 | fax + 44 121 456 4680
       The Way Things Were. . .

      Publishing Industry                                                 Library Market

 $15 billion industry,                                         The focal point for
   growing 3%-4%yr                                               authoritative content
 Books. . . mainstay of                                        Collection development
  growth                                                         and ownership are points
                                                                 of pride
 Stable sales model
                                                                Physical library is heavily
 Stable work flows
                                                                 trafficked
 Consistent demand for
                                                                Materials budgets were
  content
                                                                 generally stable
                                                                Long established
Source: Publishing for Professional Markets: Review,
                                                                 purchasing patterns and
Trends, & Forecast 2003-2004, Simba Information                  processes

         7th Floor, Tricorn House | 51-53 Hagley Road | Edgbaston | Birmingham | tel + 44 121 456 4656 | fax + 44 121 456 4680

                                                                                              OCLC Online Computer Library Center
                Web Forces at Play

Publishers                                                    Libraries
 Concern over exposure of                                     Reduced library traffic
  intellectual property                                        Demand for remote access
 Changing work flows                                          Competing with world-wide web
 Revised business strategies                                  Growth in “self service” mentality
  from print to electronic
                                                               Different selection and purchasing
                                                                processes
 Digital Rights Management                                    More types of content across more
 Acceptable rates of usage,                                    formats and devices to manage
  exposure, and compensation
  unclear




         7th Floor, Tricorn House | 51-53 Hagley Road | Edgbaston | Birmingham | tel + 44 121 456 4656 | fax + 44 121 456 4680
 Questions: Where are we now?


Publishers                                                       Libraries
 Uncertainty                                                     More electronic content to
 What to produce in electronic                                     manage
  form; what to produce in print                                  Far more varied formats
 Resource planning                                               Affect on collection development
 Forecasting sales                                                 strategies
 Business models                                                 Budgeting & forecasting
                                                                  Business models




          7th Floor, Tricorn House | 51-53 Hagley Road | Edgbaston | Birmingham | tel + 44 121 456 4656 | fax + 44 121 456 4680
          Market Perspective




7th Floor, Tricorn House | 51-53 Hagley Road | Edgbaston | Birmingham | tel + 44 121 456 4656 | fax + 44 121 456 4680
                    The Marketplace
 The eBook market is the NetLibrary market
 13,000 libraries have access to NetLibrary collections in 62
  countries
 1,000 libraries outside the US
 Customers in the OCLC PICA territory – South Africa,
  Netherlands, Germany, Spain, France, Israel, Turkey, Greece,
  Portugal, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Finland
 UK – 70+ libraries (55+ in the academic market) have NL
  collections
 Overall UK eBook market - 42% (2003) 68% (2004) of
  academic libraries have access to eBooks



        7th Floor, Tricorn House | 51-53 Hagley Road | Edgbaston | Birmingham | tel + 44 121 456 4656 | fax + 44 121 456 4680
                eBook Industry Today
 A new phase? – new confidence in eBooks – NoWAL, NHS
  Scotland

 Evolutionary rather than revolutionary growth

 Growth will continue - need for a „magic bullet‟ to trigger a
  massive uptake
     Open eBook Forum reports 25% increase in 2004 over 2003 revenue for
      selected eBook retailers

 UK universities spend between 0.03% and 10% of their print
  book expenditure on eBooks (JISC GoldLeaf study, 2003)

 Industry remains optimistic (a market exists) though tempered
  by realities

         7th Floor, Tricorn House | 51-53 Hagley Road | Edgbaston | Birmingham | tel + 44 121 456 4656 | fax + 44 121 456 4680
                         eBook
                        Adoption




7th Floor, Tricorn House | 51-53 Hagley Road | Edgbaston | Birmingham | tel + 44 121 456 4656 | fax + 44 121 456 4680
                            eBook Adoption
                                 The Publisher Perspective
 • Uncertainty                          • Increased publisher interest
 • Trial Mentality                      • Controlled experiments
 • “Wait & See”                         • Conversion cost issues
 • DRM Concerns                         • Proof points; ROI




    Investigate                                  Experiment                                                 Adoption


                                    The Library Perspective
• Information sharing                   • Pilot projects
• Panel discussions                     • eBook studies
• General confusion                     • Varying philosophies
• No established budgets                • Shared Collections


           7th Floor, Tricorn House | 51-53 Hagley Road | Edgbaston | Birmingham | tel + 44 121 456 4656 | fax + 44 121 456 4680
                               eBook Issues
 Standards
   Lack of a clear, open standard for eBook format
   Proprietary/Competing standards exist
       Fixed page (PDF), Adaptive: HTML, XML (OeBPS)
   Diversity of software and hardware products
       Software: Microsoft, Adobe, Mobipocket readers
       Hardware:PC/Mac, PDA, smart phone, dedicated readers (eBookman)

   Users must choose titles that are compatible with the
    software and/or device they have to read them
   NetLibray – not reliant on special eBook reading software or
    plug-ins – PC with Internet access




        7th Floor, Tricorn House | 51-53 Hagley Road | Edgbaston | Birmingham | tel + 44 121 456 4656 | fax + 44 121 456 4680
                                eBook Issues
 Digital rights
    Protecting content and the rights of the content owner
     whilst giving users flexibility
        Use on multiple devices for individuals
        Multiple simultaneous user access for libraries
    Standards
        EBX (Electronic Book Exchange) uses public and private key
         encryption. Defines protocols for distribution between
         publisher and booksellar
        XrML – Extensible rights Markup Language – rights, fees and
         conditions of use of content
    Music industry may represent a model – downloading, iPod
     etc.


         7th Floor, Tricorn House | 51-53 Hagley Road | Edgbaston | Birmingham | tel + 44 121 456 4656 | fax + 44 121 456 4680
                                  eBook Issues
 Content

   Need for critical mass of appropriate content; e.g. core
    content, course books, reading list text books

   Match with Tomlinson‟s guide to core books for collection
    development in nursing & midwifery

   Content dependent on participation of book publishers

   Publisher participation is broadening

   More front list content released simultaneously as e and print



        7th Floor, Tricorn House | 51-53 Hagley Road | Edgbaston | Birmingham | tel + 44 121 456 4656 | fax + 44 121 456 4680
                                     eBook Issues
 Disruptive Technology
    Identification - need to be able to quickly check eBook availability
    Digital Book Index - http://www.digitalbookindex.com/
    Ebooks in print - http://www.ebooks-in-print.com
    Selection/Acquisition – e and p together
    Circulation processes – ILS, MARC records, circ. NCIP, Fair use & ILL

    Integration with other digital content – e-journals, full text databases –
     federated search/discovery

    Lack of awareness (academics & students), limited promotion as
     barriers to uptake – JISC GoldLeaf Study, 2003




           7th Floor, Tricorn House | 51-53 Hagley Road | Edgbaston | Birmingham | tel + 44 121 456 4656 | fax + 44 121 456 4680
                            Major Challenge
 Pricing
    Need to balance publisher/vendor business viability against
     acceptable price points for users

    Publisher concerns over impact on print book revenues

    Acceptable rates of usage, exposure and compensation are unclear


 What is fair value?
    Which features and functions are worth paying for?

    Confusing array of models in the market




         7th Floor, Tricorn House | 51-53 Hagley Road | Edgbaston | Birmingham | tel + 44 121 456 4656 | fax + 44 121 456 4680
                                 Pricing Models
 Content                Collections bundled as a database
                         Individual complete books (custom collection)
                         Chunks: chapters etc.

 Purchase  Ownership
                         Subscription / Rental: annual or „perpetual‟
                         Pay per view/print

 Access                 Single user
                         Simultaneous: multiple or unlimited
                         Predetermined number of accesses or check outs per
                          title or per collection
                         Predetermined number of days of exposure




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From eBooks to eContent




 7th Floor, Tricorn House | 51-53 Hagley Road | Edgbaston | Birmingham | tel + 44 121 456 4656 | fax + 44 121 456 4680
                   eBooks to eContent
                                     The Publisher Perspective
                                                                           Defined content flow
                                                                           Operating efficiencies
                                                                           Predictable revenues
                                                                           More integrated electronic offerings,
                                                                            changes in business models



Investigate                                   Experiment                                              Adopt


                                          The Library Perspective
                                                                             Established eBook budgets
                                                                             Natural incorporation of e & p into
                                                                              collection development practices
                                                                             Balance across more electronic
                                                                              content, in more formats, and
                                                                              traditional print expenditures


        7th Floor, Tricorn House | 51-53 Hagley Road | Edgbaston | Birmingham | tel + 44 121 456 4656 | fax + 44 121 456 4680
 Beyond eBooks. . . Lessons Learned

 Adoption still in progress

 For some libraries, an established service

 Increased usage
     Year 1 to Year 2 and 3:                             60%+ increase in accesses
     Years 3 to 4+                                       35%+
 Average session length:                                 5-15 minutes

 Heavily used for research and reference; not leisure reading




          7th Floor, Tricorn House | 51-53 Hagley Road | Edgbaston | Birmingham | tel + 44 121 456 4656 | fax + 44 121 456 4680
   Beyond eBooks – Lessons Learned

 Viewed as another electronic database
     eContent is the need. . . Not just eBooks
 Offline use is slow to be accepted; largely device dependent

 Disaggregation and “custom aggregation” will be the future need

 Integration with eLearning is important




          7th Floor, Tricorn House | 51-53 Hagley Road | Edgbaston | Birmingham | tel + 44 121 456 4656 | fax + 44 121 456 4680
                                   eBook futures
 Advantages remain
    Availability
        No need to visit library or bookshop
        Less likely to go out of print because

    Searching
        Within a book and across a collection
    Customisation
        Change display: font size, brightness esp. for visually impaired, every copy can be
         large print
    Portability
        Many volumes on one device
    Multimedia
        Audio, video, graphics, animation
    For libraries
        Space savings
        No loss or damage
        Reduced processing: shelving, issue & return


          7th Floor, Tricorn House | 51-53 Hagley Road | Edgbaston | Birmingham | tel + 44 121 456 4656 | fax + 44 121 456 4680
                                   eBook futures
 Political/Social drivers
    Lifelong, distance, part-time study and eLearning

    Generation born after 1970 – Generation C, Millennials, the Gamer
     generation
        Grown up with technology: computers, mobile phones, PDAs and MP3
         players
        Digital natives (vs. digital immigrants)
        Already adept with portable devices for multiple social and information
         purposes

        “Today‟s graduates have spent less than 5,000 hours of their life reading
         but over 10,000 hours playing video games. Today‟s students think and
         process information fundamentally differently from their predecessors” –
         Marc Prensky, Digital Game-Based Learning.


          7th Floor, Tricorn House | 51-53 Hagley Road | Edgbaston | Birmingham | tel + 44 121 456 4656 | fax + 44 121 456 4680
                                 eBook futures
 Library market

    More appropriate content – models for (e)text books, short
     loan/reserves, course packs, embedded in eLearning packages

    Primarily online web-based or hand held devices?

    Create a seamless interface between viewing „books‟ and other
     types of information

    Will consumer eBook usage drive up eBook usage in libraries –
     iBook??


         7th Floor, Tricorn House | 51-53 Hagley Road | Edgbaston | Birmingham | tel + 44 121 456 4656 | fax + 44 121 456 4680
                                    In Summary

 Librarians will continue to face the need to manage an
  unprecedented array of content in a rapidly proliferating mix of
  formats.


 The challenge: integrating traditional and emerging formats.




    Source: Five-Year Information format Trends, OCLC Library & Information Center




           7th Floor, Tricorn House | 51-53 Hagley Road | Edgbaston | Birmingham | tel + 44 121 456 4656 | fax + 44 121 456 4680
                        More information
                       www.netlibrary.com

Catalogue of titles available – TitleSelect –
      www.netlibrary.com/titleselect


                             Thank you!




  7th Floor, Tricorn House | 51-53 Hagley Road | Edgbaston | Birmingham | tel + 44 121 456 4656 | fax + 44 121 456 4680