World War II ABC Book

World War II: ABC Book By: Vanessa Avedisian Ellie Wronski http://archive.ccm.edu/rosie/images/WeCanDoItPoster%5B1%5D.jpg Table Of Contents Letter A B C D E F G Topic Adolf Hitler Battle of Iwo Jima Coral Sea Discrimination Einstein, Albert France Guadalcanal Category Figure Event Event Choice Figure Choice Geographic Location H I Hiroshima Issei Event Perspective J K L M N O P R S T V W Japanese-Americans Ko Wakatsuki Leslie R. Groves Manzanar Nagasaki Okinawa Pearl Harbor Robert Oppenheimer Szilard, Leo Truman, Harry Versailles, Treaty of Woodrow Wakatsuki Choice Perspective Figure Geographic Location Event Event Geographic Location Figure Perspective Figure Choice Perspective A: Adolf Hitler Figure Adolf Hitler was born in Austria on the border of Germany. When he was a child, he had a teacher who was a German Nationalist. When Hitler grew older, he became the leader in Germany. Hitler was a facist, which is a political philosophy believing in a dictator that wants to expand its territory. Hitler started to break the Treaty of Versailles, which is what started the second world war. Hitler’s goal was to unite all German-speaking people. Hitler became so powerful, that he took over Austria, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Denmark, Norway, Netherlands (Holland), Belgium, Luxenburg and France. Hitler was also racist and sent anyone he didn’t like to concentration camps. Six million innocent people died at those camps. http://www.solarnavigator.ne t/history/explorers_history/a dolf_hitler_portrait.jpg http://imag es.google.c om/images ?gbv=2&hl =en&q=ger man+flag B: Battle of Iwo Jima The Battle of Iwo Jima was one of the most important battles during WW II. It began on February 19, 1945 and ended March 21, 1945. The battle was between the U.S. and Japan, and the victor of the battle was the U.S. Over 22,000 Japanese and 6,800 Americans died. This battle greatly affected the war. Since the U.S. won, they were able to move up the Pacific to get the Japanese back to Honshu. If the U.S. didn’t win the battle, Japan would have tried to keep expanding. The Battle of Iwo Jima was a huge win for the U.S., and it helped them to win the war. Event http://www.uiowa.edu/~policult/a ssets/WWII/IwoJima_flag.jpg B: Battle of Iwo Jima continued… On the United States side, the main leader was General Fred Homes. He had already been to Iwo Jima three times. There were many key decisions that had to be made by the U.S. For example, the marines had to land on a 2-mile stretch of beach on the SE coast of the island between Mount Suribachi and the east boat basin. On the Japanese side, the main leader was General Kuribayashi, who was an aristocrat and much admired by the Japanese. The Japanese also had to make many key decisions. For example they had to kill ten Americans before they were killed. B: Battle of Iwo Jima continued… The landscape also had an affect on the battle. The Japanese were on high ground, so therefore they saw the Americans coming. The island was four miles long and shaped like a pork chop, so it was easy for Japanese to fire at the beach. There were also no front lines, which meant every inch was battle ground. http://content.answers.com/mai n/content/wp/en/thumb/7/79/300 px-USMC-M-IwoJima-cvr.jpg C: Coral Sea Event The Battle of Coral Sea took place from May 4-8,1942. Coral Sea is located between Australia and Papa New Guinea. The battle was between U.S./Australia and Japan, and about 502 people were killed. The landscape affected the battle because it was a sea battle, so many planes and ships were used. The battle affected the war because it was the United State’s first victory against Japan, and Japan wasn’t able to take over anywhere else near Australia. http://www.motorsportcol lector.com/Aviation/Battl eOfTheCoralSea.jpeg D: Discrimination Choice Discrimination is the treatment or consideration of, or making a distinction in favor of or against, a person or thing based on the group, class, or category to which that person or thing belongs rather than on individual merit (source:dictionary.com). During WW II, there were many people that were discriminated against. For example, in the U.S. Japanese Americans were discriminated against. They were disliked by Caucasians because they thought the Japanese could have had something to do with Pearl Harbor. http://www.hgitner.co The Japanese were evacuated from their homes m/img/pris/camp.gif and sent to internment camps. Another example would be in Poland during WW II, where Hitler had millions of Jewish people sent to concentration camps to be tortured and put to death. Hitler didn’t like Jewish people, and he wanted to unite all German-speaking, blonde- haired, blue-eyed people. http://i.usatoday.net/travel/_photos/2007/12/14/intern-topper.jpg E: Einstein, Albert Figure Albert Einstein was born in Germany in 1879. When Einstein was younger, his first job was a patent clerk, and later in life, he became a very famous scientist. In 1933, Einstein invented the equation E=MC2. In August of 1939, Einstein and several other scientists told Roosevelt of efforts in Nazi Germany to purify U-235, which might be used to be an atomic bomb. After this, the U.S. government started the Manhattan Project. http://z.about.com/d/physics/1/0/C/0/-/-/Einstein_tongue.jpg http://seedmagazine.com/news/uploads/Einstein_chalkboard.jpg F: France In 1938, France joined Great Britain, in trying to stop the Nazi aggression. The pact which France had signed, was the Munich Pact, that gave Germany “permission” to invade Sudeten territories of Czechoslovakia. Once Germany had invaded Poland, France had declared war in September of 1939. On June 22, 1940 France had surrendered to Germany. During both the summer and fall, the allies went eastward through France closer to Germany. In August, troops were in the south of France. By the end of the war, close to 350,000 French soldiers had been killed. Almost a half million French civilians had died as well. Choice http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http:// cache.eb.com/eb/image%3Fid%3D47710%26r endTypeId%3D4&imgrefurl=http://www.britanni ca.com/ http://library.thinkquest.org/TQ0312 282/Countries/France%20flag.gif G: Guadalcanal Geographic Location Guadalcanal was the location of one of the most important battles of WW II. Guadalcanal is located in the Soloman Islands, which are Northeast of Australia. The battle began on August 7, 1941 and ended February 9, 1943. The battle was between U.S. (allies) and Japan. The victor was the U.S., and over 35,000 people died. The landscape affected the http://cache.viewimages.com/xc/2818324.jpg? battle because there were volcanoes, jungles, and the land was very mountainous. There were many hiding places, which led to many sneak attacks. This battle turned Japan away from Australia and it was the first time the U.S. was on offense. http://www.medalofhonor.com/Guadalcanal.gif H: Hiroshima On August 6, 1945, in the early morning, the Enola Gay headed toward the city of Hiroshima. Hiroshima is located on the southwestern Honshu Island of Japan. Around 8:00 a.m., the Enola Gay had dropped the Uranium bomb, “Little Boy”, over the city. About 40 seconds later, a huge explosion erupted. Soon the city was hiding underneath a mushroom cloud. The civilian population of Hiroshima was 300,000 and also contained 43,000 soldiers as well. Thousands of people were killed by the bombing, and thousands were severely injured by the radiation from the bomb. The purpose of dropping the bomb was to make Japan surrender so the war would be over. Japan still refused to surrender, so three days later, the U.S. dropped another bomb in the city of Nagasaki. http://images.vectorimages.com/150/hiroshima_pref_fl_n2534.gif Event http://www.vw.vccs. edu/vwhansd/HIS1 22/Images/Hiroshi ma.jpg I: Issei Perspective An Issei is a first generation Japanese immigrant who was born in Japan. Most of them immigrated to the United States between 1890 and 1915. Many Issei people who lived in the United States had trouble during WW II because their “mother” and “father” countries were at war, and they wanted them to stop fighting. Many of the Issei people didn’t know what side to take, the US or Japan. In the book Farewell to Manzanar, Papa (Ko Wakatsuki) was an Issei. http://www.minidoka.org/photo J: Japanese Americans Choice http://www.mindful ly.org/Reform/200 6/Bush-DetentionCamps6feb06.jpg Japanese Americans are people who are part Japanese and part American. The Japanese Americans suffered the worst discrimination during WW II. In late 1941, there was only .1% of Japanese people in America’s population. Most of the people lived on the West Coast, where many people were racist towards them. Two thirds of the Japanese Americans were Nisei, meaning second generation Japanese, born in the U.S. When the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor on December 7,1941, prejudice against Japanese Americans grew. In February of that next year, President Roosevelt signed Executive Order 9066, which had all Japanese Americans move from the West Coast into internment camps. Many lost their homes, businesses and other property they owned. In 1945, Japanese were allowed to leave the camps, and for many of them, it meant starting over. K: Ko Wakatsuki Perspective Ko Wakatsuki was the father of Jeanne Wakatsuki, the author of the book Farewell to Manzanar. Ko was an Issei, who immigrated to the U.S. Like many Japanese-Americans, Ko didn’t like the idea of the U.S. and Japan at war. While Ko was being interrogated by the FBI, he was asked who he wanted to win the war. Ko didn’t answer at first, but then he said, “ When your mother and father are having a fight, do you want them to kill each other? Or do you just want them to stop fighting?” (Wakatsuki 64) By “mother”, Ko meant Japan and by “father,” Ko meant the U.S. Ko loved both countries and just wanted the war to end and for them to stop fighting. http://www.nassaulibrary.org/YABookL og/FAREWELL%20TO%20MANZANA R%20JACKET%20COVER.jpg L: Leslie R. Groves Leslie Groves was born August 17, 1896, in Albany New York. When he was older, Groves attended the University of Washington for a year, and then the Massachusetts Institute of Technology for two years. In 1942, he was put in charge of the Manhattan Engineer Project. The Manhattan Project, was the cover name, for the atomic bomb project. Most of the research for the atomic bomb was done at Columbia University, as well as the University of Chicago. In December of 1944, he was temporarily promoted to Major General. In 1947, he was then named the Chief of the Army’s Special Weapons Project, and in 1948 he was promoted to Lieutenant General, and retired a month later. He worked as Vice President of Sperry Rand Corporation, in 1961. Groves died on July 13, 1970 due to heart disease. Figure http://cache.daylife.com/images erve/0cji4lm0SGfVk/340x.jpg M: Manzanar Geographic Location The Manzanar War Relocation Center was located at a former farm and orchard field in Owens Valley, California. Manzanar was one of ten camps that Japanese-Americans were interned during WWII. Over 110,000 Japanese men, women and children were forced to leave their homes and sent to these "militarylike" camps. The camp was built in six weeks by Griffith and Company in Los Angeles during March of 1942. On March 21, the first 82 Japanese-Americans arrived at the camp. By July of that same year, over 10,000 JapaneseAmericans had been relocated to Manzanar. http://lemonodor.com/ images/manzanar_hi gh_50-s.jpg N: Nagasaki Event On August 9,1945 a second atomic bomb had been dropped on Nagasaki, just three days after the bombing of Hiroshima. The nuclear bomb that was being used for this bombing was “Fat Boy”. When the bomb exploded, it had left a fierce wind, and heat rays. With the explosion, came terrible radiation causing many people to die. Close to 1/3 of the city was destroyed, and around 150,000 killed or injured. Both the bombings on Nagasaki, as well as Hiroshima, have left huge impacts on these cities of Japan. Six days after the bombing of Nagasaki, Japan announced its surrender to the Allied Powers. They then signed the “Instrument of Surrender”, on September 2nd. The Second World War had finally ended. http://www.globalsecurity.or g/wmd/ops/images/nagasa ki-001.jpg O: Okinawa Event The battle of Okinawa was one of the bloodiest battles in history. It began on April 1,1945 and lasted for approximately one month. The battle took place on Okinawa Island, and was between the U.S. and Japan. About 219,000 people were killed in total. Since the U.S. was the victor the battle, it made them stronger. When the U.S. took over Okinawa, they were able to use the island as an airbase for the air force. http://cache.viewimages.c om/xc/3089514.jpg? http://www.bookhostelbook.com/country_info/asia/japan/Okinawa_Island_guesthouse_ryokan_reserve/okinawa_beach_resort.jpg P:Pearl Harbor Geographic Location Pearl Harbor is located on the south side of the island of Oahu, which is located in the Hawaiian islands off the SW coast of the United States. Pearl Harbor was home to the Pacific fleet, which was a military base that held aircraft carriers. Pearl Harbor was bombed by the Japanese on December 7,1941. About 2,000 people were killed. After the bombing, the U.S. decided to fight in WW II, which they ended up winning. http://www.archives.gov/publicati ons/prologue/2004/winter/image s/pearl-harbor.jpg P: Pearl Harbor continued… The Pacific fleet was located on the Hawaiian islands for a few reasons. It was going to protect the mainland, it was on water, and it was the closest land that the U.S. had to Japan/Asia. The Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor for many reasons. It was the closest military base to Japan, and the U.S. would have to rebuild the fleet. It was also an unexpected spot, and there weren’t many civilians in Hawaii, so the American public wouldn’t act as strongly. It was so far from the mainland that the message wouldn’t get to Hawaii in time to warn them that the Japanese were coming. R: Robert Oppenheimer As World War II had begun, Robert Oppenheimer had become involved in the efforts. He had developed an atomic bomb. Robert was invited to take over work on fast neutron calculations. This was a task that he had done very well, and was very dedicated to it. At this point, he renounced “left- wing wanderings” which were his responsibilities. In 1942, the U.S. Army was given the rights to drop the bomb. General Leslie R. Groves was the project director, and Groves chose Oppenheimer as the projects scientific director. Groves believed that Oppenheimer was the best man for the job. Oppenheimer had helped with the war effort, in many ways. If it wasn’t for him, there might not have been an atomic bomb. This development was a very important one for the United States. Figure http://www.atomicarchive.com/Images/bio/H07.jpg T: Truman, Harry Figure Harry Truman was originally serving as Vice President under Franklin D. Roosevelt. He was born in Lamar, Missouri, and became a successful farmer. Unlike most presidents, he did not attend college. While in Missouri, Truman owned a hat and shirt shop that eventually failed. Truman had impacted World War II in many ways. Truman had affected the war because he had agreed that dropping the bomb was a good idea. If he hadn’t done this, it would have been very different for this country. Japan probably wouldn’t have surrendered and the war could have ended differently. http://www.sos.mo.gov/archives/exhi bits/TrumanProject/images/Truman.jp g http://www.medaloffreedom.com/HarryTrumanOvalOffice.jpg S: Szilard, Leo Perspective Szilard was born on February 11, 1898. He was a student at Reáliskola and he graduated in 1916. Leo Szilard was a Hungarian scientist who worked very closely with Einstein. Together with Einstein Szilard wrote a letter warning FDR of Germanys impending bomb. Being Jewish and a Pacifist, Szilard felt it was necessary to stop Germany, but afterwards, Szilard was against the bomb. http://www.fis.usb.ve/~mcaicedo/manhattancourse/einst_szil.jpg V: Versailles, Treaty of Choice http://www.history.ucsb.e du/faculty/marcuse/class es/33d/projects/1920s/V ersaillesTreaty231.jpg The Treaty of Versailles were terms set against Germany for WWI. Germany had to pay reparations, that cost them 6.6 billion(pounds), which greatly affected their economy. They also had to limit their army to 100,000, and they couldn’t have an air force. Germany also had to take the blame for WWI and had to give back land to Poland. The "Big 4," who were the countries at the Treaty of Versailles were Great Britain, France, Italy and the United States. V: Versailles, Treaty of continued…. The representative for Great Britain was David Lloyd George. David Lloyd George was known as the "politician." He secretly wanted Germany to stay strong after the Russian Revolution. The Russian Revolution brought about Communism, and he didn’t want Communism to spread into Germany. He also went along with what the people of his country wanted instead of what he wanted. He wanted to make the people of his country happy so they would like him and vote him back into office. The representative for France was George Clemenceau, who was known as the "tiger" at the Treaty of Versailles. He was known as the "tiger" because he was furious at Germany. France was hit the hardest during WWI and saw the most destruction because it was closest to Germany. V: Versailles, Treaty of continued…. The representative for Italy was Vittro Orlando, who was known as the" linesman" because he was laid back about Germany’s punishment. Italy was on Germany’s side at first, but then they changed their mind and wanted to be on the same side as France and the U.S. France and the U.S. didn’t want them on their side so Italy was caught in the middle. The U.S. representative was Woodrow Wilson. He was known as the "isolationist" because the U.S. was isolated from Europe, and he didn’t want to get involved with foreign aid. http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/jobrie n/reference/thebig4.GIF W: Woodrow Wakatsuki Perspective Woodrow Wakatsuki is the third oldest of ten children in the Wakatsuki family. His sister Jeanne wrote the book, Farewell to Manzanar. Woodrow, or “Woody,” didn’t like the fact that Japan and the U.S. were at war. In Jeanne’s book, Woody says, “ I am an American citizen. America is at war. The more of us who go into the army, the sooner the war will be over”( Wakatsuki 83). Woody wanted the war to end, and he was willing to fight against Japan. Woody wasn’t as committed to Japan as Ko ( his father) was because Woody was a Nisei, a second generation Japanese, not born in Japan. Woody signed the Loyalty Oath saying, “Yes,Yes,” that he would fight in the war. http://www.tpet.com/img/productImage s/Farewell%20to%20Manzanar%20LP. JPG http://www.nissansilvia.com/wp /wp-content/japanese_flag1.gif THE END!