Digital Re-print - July | August 2010
Feature title: Technical design and equipment - Key to improving feed quality and nutrition
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Quality and nutrition Feature Feature Quality and nutrition
animals. As a result, the feed nutrition can be batched and high accurate batching system correct order with big materials
balanced only with appropriate batching system. can be adopted. added at first and small ones added
The batching process has a important later. All materials should be added
effect on batching accuracy and composition. Impact of mixing conformity on in proper amount and order espe-
The major technical improvements lie in fol- nutrition cially for production of premix feed
lowing aspects: Conformity is vital for feed quality as it 3: In case of change of formula, the
1: The batching scale must be checked will determine whether the animal can get mixer should be thoroughly cleaned
regularly so as to ensure measure- full nutrition from the feed. The air balance to avoid cross contamination
ment accuracy of batching equipment between mixing bin and mixer also has an 4: Premix should be separated from
2: The formula should be right and impact on nutrition. major mixing process in order to
the raw materials can be replaced Too big finish product bins and pellet bins prevent cross contamination
Technical design and equipment 3: The materials should be
fed at proper speed
4: The control system should be correct
and too long transportation lines will destroy
conformity of feed and reduce the conver-
sion rate of the animal.
5: The transportation distance and
height of materials after batching
should be as short as possible and
5: The batching equipment must It is critical to choose the right mixer, no conveying equipment like pneu-
be operated in correct way mixing period and feeding method in order matic device should be adopted as it
6: The batching equipment to ensure conformity and nutrition. The would cause separation of materials
should be clean so as to control of mixing conformity covers mixing
by Shao Jianxin, Engineer, ZCME, China avoid cross contamination feed, concentrated feed, additives, premix Impact of pelleting on feed
7: The batching process espe- feed and liquid feed. nutrition
cially the use of medicine The technical improvements in batching 1. Pellet quality control: pellet qual-
should be carefully recorded process have the following aspects: ity is the precondition of feed nutrition
W
hy do some feed factories process technology and equipment perform- to ensure the batch feed can acquire best No-error computer control technology is 1: Proper mixer must be select- which must be strictly manipulated. The
earn profits while others ance. raising efficiency and economic profit. It is adopted to manipulate batching accuracy. ed to ensure conformity conditioning quality is the primary control
don’t? Why do feed As the digest system of chicken, pig, fish, mandatory to study the best digestion size Micro additives can be premixed and 2: The materials should be added in point of pellet quality which includes tem-
of some factories sell well? The shrimp and pet varies, feed of different size of each raw material for different animals as
reason behind is technical design and degree of ripeness are demanded. It shown in Table 1.
and equipment selection. is one of the important methods for the Pulverization and micro-pulverization
modern feed companies to improve product must be applied for aquatics feed.
Choosing skilled feed engineering con- quality by upgrading process technology. Research has shown that carp feed ratio The Hydro-Probe II Moisture Sensor
structors and comprehensive solutions pro- could raise 5-10 percent if the screen of
viders are also vital for the success of a Impact of grain size on feed grinder has been reduced from 1.5mm, Measures Moisture & Reduces Cost
company. nutrition 1.2mm to 1.0mm, 0.8mm, 0.6mm. As a
The factors affecting feed quality can be Generally, grain size should take consid- result, grain size has a markable influence on
summed up in three aspects, namely: eration of many factors like feeding method, variation of nutrition.
• The quality of raw material process costs, capacity and growing charac- Grain with excessive small or big diam-
• The feed formula teristics of animals. eter could break into layers which would
• The process technology Its empirical value should be no more affect the digestion rate of feed nutrition. It
With the same level of raw material and than 1/3 of the diameter of pellet. is only by selecting proper technical design,
formula, the quality of feed only depends on Appropriate grain size can improve diges- professional company and equipment can
tion rate of the nutritious ele- good quality feed be made.
Table 1: International best grinding particle size ment. Research has shown that
Animal Raise stage Best size recommended (μm)
if the even size of corn feed for Impact of batch on feed nutrition
sow is reduced from 1200um to Formula is a major impact factor for feed
400um, its digestion rate could be nutrition and pellet quality. Formula with The Hydro-Probe II digital microwave moisture sensor provides
Ablactation 0~14d 300 raised by 14 percent, dry materi- high content of grain like corn and soybean accurate and cost effective moisture control in feed meals and
Pork Ablactation 14~35d 400 als in manure could be reduced cannot produce high quality pellet feed due pellets, grain, cereal and pulses:
Grice ≤500（Corn（ by 21 percent and the nitrogen to the lack of natural bond. • Monitor and adjust moisture levels in real time
Fattening pig 500~600（Corn（
would be lowered by 31 percent. Addition of highly cohesive wheat can • Reduce energy costs during the drying process
Over grind could lead to improve pellet quality. • Reduce waste and improve quality
Sow 500~600（Corn（
more consumption of energy, less It is necessary to combine each ele- • Suitable for bins, silos, conveyors and chutes
Growing pig 15~30kg 323(batch) capacity and destroy of nutrition ment in the formula and keep fat to lowest • Not affected by dust or colour
Dorking 700~900（Corn（ of feed. The research data proves limit. In case of large proportion of adding
900 that VA of pellet after repeated materials, the condition process should be
Beef cattle 1~1.5cm（straw（corn stalk（
grind would decrease 40 percent. adjusted or the materials should be added
The key point of grain size after pelleting.
2~7cm（corn stock（hay（ enquiries@hydronix.com
control technology is to grind As the core process of feed production,
Fish ≤0.5mm（batch（ each raw material to the best batching accuracy has a direct impact on feed www.hydronix.com
Shrimp 150~175 size suitable for digestion so as composition and nutrition absorption of the
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Quality and nutrition Feature Feature Quality and nutrition
steam supply steam with proper characteristics is a pre- As a result, it is necessary to choose 5. Impact of pellet on starch and protein: ish pellet feed can obtain satisfactory quality
and control condition of pellet quality. formulation with sound thermal stability. A the starch would become ‘pasted’ and pro- and nutrition.
systems, Technical improvements of steam pres- good pellet conditioner, correct air admis- tein would be denaturated after conditioning
condition- sure and flow rate covers following aspects sion and mixing methods are also the vital so that the animal can digest and aborb the Impact of technical process
ing, pellet- to ensure high quality of feed: factors for pelleting process. starch and protein better. The anti-nutrition factors in feed can
ing, cooling 1: Control the conditioning of meals, However, it is the technical issue of a cause disease of pigs and pets and retard
and screen- including the adding of steam and 3. Feed enzymes: pellet process also affects professional company to determine the the growth process. As they are closely
ing equip- oil, and check the quality of steam feed enzyme and other microbials. raw material of specific size for spe- related with process technology, nutri-
ment with and keep a good record of it Enzyme and microbial are biological cific animals. Protein denaturation has little tionists have developed many methods to
all control 2: Control the product from the pel- products, the activity of which are usually influence on amino acid but improves its eliminate anti-nutrition factors.
parameters let mill and keep record of it damaged under the comprehensive func- absorption rate greatly so that protein can However, the nutrition elements
scientifically 3: Control the cooling time, mois- tion of high temperature, humidity and be highly utilised. in feed would lose at the same time.
adjusted. ture and temperature of feed pressure. It is reported that the activity of Extrusion and expansion at high tempera-
The in accordance with the room phytase drops by 87.5 percent at tempera- 6. The impact of post-cooking: after condi- ture can improve feed quality and limit
steam fed temperature and moisture tures of over 80℃. tioning, the ‘paste’ degree and water durabil- lost of nutrition; anoxia sterilisation could
into con- 4: Control the fat coated on So the utilisation rate of N.P. will ity of pellet should be improved, however, kill bacteria effectively and keep vitamins;
ditioning the surface of feed be affected. The microbe additives in some thermal alert vitamins are destroyed. fermentation could eliminate toxic effect
units must 5: Check the hardness of pelleted the feed is especially reactive to high As a result, it is better to use formulations of anti-nutrition factory and keep vita-
be unsatu- feed and keep good records temperature so that its activity will be with sound thermal stability or apply the mins; enzymes preparation cannot only
rated steam, Conditioning process is vital for pellet quality. lost completely if the pellet temperature improved coating technology so as to pre- erase toxic effect of feed but also provide
free from The mixed materials with high content of exceeds 85℃. It is better to coat enzyme serve nutrition values of the feed as much as a health function.
condensed grain usually stay for at least 40-60 seconds after pelleting or to use enzymes with possible; which is mostly used in the produc- Getting rid of anti-nutrition factors
water so as in the conditioner. better thermal stability. tion of aquatics feed or special aquatics feed in raw materials has become vital in
to ensure Meanwhile, the temperature inside for shrimp for example. selection of process technology and
enough the conditioner should be kept between 4. Impact on anti-nutrition factors: part 7. Impact of storage and transportation: equipment. Feed quality and nutrition
‘pasting’ of 85-98℃ to improve ‘pasting’ of starch. of anti-nutrition factors and harmful sub- cross contamination usually takes place can be only be guaranteed using pro-
starch and Materials with high fibers must stay for stances will be killed during the condition- during storage and transportation. Residue fessional technology and equipment.
prevent shorter time in the conditioner. In case ing of pellet. Anoxia sterilisation before in transportation vehicles, bins, buffer hop- With the development of nutrition,
machine of addition of liquids like molasses, the pelleting can kill various bacteria effectively pers and process equipment could cause technicians of professional company
blockage materials should stay longer in conditioner and improve feed quality. It has been a key cross contamination. Harmful microbe and can work out better methods to elimi-
perature, time, water and ‘pasting degree’ due to too much moisture. The steam (maximum 30 minutes) so that it would research subject for professional techni- pests are also source of cross contamina- nate anti-nutrition factors and make
of starch. A secondary control point must go through a water trap and a pres- absorb molasses fully. cians. tion. more contribution in improving feed
covers powder rate, cooling temperature, sure reducing valve before entering the High temperature conditioner with short Animals have different reactions to To meet increasingly high demand of quality and nutrition.
moisture, blade-even degree and water conditioner. time (60-160 seconds) can kill bacteria. the same anti-nutrition factors as its security, sanitation and nutrition of feed,
Many conditioners of this type species and age vary. The anti-nutrition it is necessary to equip residue-free con-
have been developed in several factors can be divided into positive veyor and bins, apply scientific technology More inforMation:
Table 2: Anti-nutritional factors of common raw materials of feed countries. The durability of feed inhibitors for carbohydrate, minerals of cleaning and sequencing. Heat treat- ZCME
at high temperature should also and prolease, etc. The pelleting process ment technology should be applied which Floor 25th, Friendship Building No.159
Anti-nutritional
adopts conditioning, high temperature Zhao Jia Bang Rd Shanghai
factors Distribution Inhibit function be considered during condition- includes cooking at high temperature, extru-
PC:200032
ing. extrusion methods to weaken the anti- sion, high-pressure treatment and ultraviolet
PR China
Materials with bad durability nutrition factors as listed in Table 2 to irradiation, etc. With the comprehensive
Protease Pea seed, beet Tel:+86 21 64188282
inhibitor broomcorn Restrain activity of trypsin and pepsin, facilitate secrete of pancreas under high temperature and poor maximum limit. application of the above technology, the fin- Fax:+86 21 64163299
‘strength’ should avoid conditioning 510329Grain_Feed_190x58gb_4c:Dammann Services 13.07.2010 11:08 Uhr Seite 1
Rapeseed, cabbage,
Glucoside Kale, etc Prohibit growth, increase cardiolipin and reduce appetite at high temperature. Instead, they
should be coated later so as to
Lectin Pea seed Impair intestinal wall, lose more endogenous protein, inhibit growth
ensure pellet quality.
Tannin Pea seed and cake, etc Weaken absorption of protein, carbohydrates
2. The impact on vitamins: it is
injures gastric mucous membrane, destroy metabolization of protein vulnerable to increase conditioning
Gossypol Cottonseed and cake and iron
time and raise temperature as the ... Follow the leader in bulk goods handling, dust-extraction and ventilation plants
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Lignin Pasture Destroy absorption of nutrition, reduce appetite
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NSP Grain feed Facilitate pasting of materials inside enteron, weaken absorption of nutrition The critical condition for con- precise and easy due to the great versatility • Shock-explosion certified pipes and components available.
ditioning of feed with vitamins is of mass-produced pipe components. • Up to ø 400 mm normally dispatched immediately from stock.
durability of the feed. To meet the above Meanwhile, the flow rate of steam must as following: temperature ≥90°C, mois-
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by Flour Heat and equipment
Treatment - Key to improving
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nutrition
• Factors affecting
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• Making Feed and energy
Pellets consumption
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mycotoxins
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