Solar thermal applications in Eastern
Europe with Guaranteed Solar Results
The East- GSR project
Promoting a quality approach based on a
performance guarantee for large solar thermal systems
in five Eastern European high potential markets
Final Public Report
December 2008
The sole responsibility for the content of this publication lies with the authors. It does not necessarily reflect the opinion of
the European Communities. The European Commission is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information
contained therein.
Solar thermal Applications in Eastern
Europe with Guaranteed Solar Results
Executive summary
In order to tackle the current environmental, economic and energy stakes, the European Union
has adopted the “Climate-Energy Package” which commits the member states as a whole to achieve
the following ambitious objectives at the horizon 2020:
- to reduce green house gases emissions by 20% compared to 1990,
- to reduce by 20% the energy consumption,
- to reach 20% of renewable energy sources (RES) in the energy consumed.
Concerning this last point, the member states will have to set road maps and concrete actions plans
corresponding to binding national objectives.
In order to fulfil those RES targets, it will be necessary for the countries:
- to involve both electricity and thermal sectors, the latter representing half of the European
consumption,
- to orientate the market towards high environmental quality fields and technologies thanks to a focus
on effective energy performances,
- to share good practices at the European level in order to duplicate them and accelerate the learning
process.
The East-GSR project, implemented from January 2006 to December 2008 and co-financed by
the European commission through the Intelligent Energy Europe programme, has clearly contributed
to those three requirements. First, its objective was to support the development of the solar thermal
market in 5 Eastern European countries (Bulgaria, Poland, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia).
Secondly, this was achieved through the promotion of the performance guarantee approach for large
solar thermal systems focusing on the example of the Guaranteed Solar Results (GSR) contract.
Thirdly, the project consortium has gathered 10 European partners from 9 countries: ADEME – project
coordinator- and TECSOL (France), Arsenal Research (Austria), DENA (Germany), CRES (Greece),
SEC (Bulgaria), KAPE (Poland), SIEA (Slovakia), the University of Ljubljana (Slovenia) and OVM-
ICCPET (Romania).
The GSR was developed in France during the late 1980’s by the engineering office TECSOL in
collaboration with ADEME (the French Environment and Energy Management Agency) in order to
deal with an abnormally high share of underperforming solar thermal systems, especially large-scale
ones. Since then, it was disseminated in other European countries as well as Southern and Eastern
Mediterranean ones. Its general principle is to contractually guarantee to the client a determined
quantity of produced solar hot water (in kWh). The latter is measured thanks to a telemonitoring
system and, if objectives are not met, the client receives a financial compensation from the guarantor
(a technical pool gathering the planner, the solar collectors’ manufacturer, the installer and the
operator). As it guarantees the real performances of the system, the GSR promotes a quality-focussed
approach which allows the market to develop on strong and sustainable bases. Such a mechanism is
thus particularly useful for markets which start to develop and in which any counter-example could
be harmful for the field image.
For that reason, the East-GSR project has targeted the high potential and developing Eastern
European markets. For each of the five concerned countries, the most promising sectors for large-scale
solar thermal systems as well as the potentially involved stakeholders were identified. The GSR
contract was then adapted to the national legal framework and one existing system in each country
was telemonitored for demonstration purposes. The day-to-day data, as well as the documents
produced all along the project, are available on the website www.solareast-gsr.net. Feasibility studies
were also proposed in order to foster the concrete realisation of reference projects including a
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Final Public report -3- December 2008
Solar thermal Applications in Eastern
Europe with Guaranteed Solar Results
performance guarantee. Finally, networking and training sessions have been organised in each
targeted country in 2008 and have led to particularly interesting discussions, in particular because of
the wide range of actors they have gathered.
As a matter of fact, it is essential to underline that it is the whole stakeholders’ chain which
is secured through the requirements of such a performance guarantee.
- For the client, the pay-back time is secured and the project risk is consequently reduced.
- For the banking sector, and for the same reasons, the financial risk decreases.
- Moreover, when subsidies are provided, an efficient use of public money is ensured.
- Finally, professionals’ responsibility is increased and they are encouraged to design accurately the
system and use good quality equipments while ensuring an adapted maintenance.
That is why the GSR, but also all the performance guarantee orientated offers, are indispensable tools
for an ambitious development of this high potential sector on the base of a high environmental quality
approach. Such global approaches are of the utmost importance to take up the 2020 objectives
challenge.
This performance guarantee concept has thus raised a clear interest among financers,
professionals and potential clients targeted in the framework of the East-GSR project. First concrete
results are noted on the field with a first large-scale solar thermal system with GSR contract to be
implemented soon in a Slovak municipality and other promising partnerships that have been
initiated. However, the professionals (and in particular installers) are still quite reluctant to involve
their responsibility because of their lack of experience with such performance guarantee schemes.
That is why the partners have also targeted the demand side by realising an active networking among
the potential clients as well as the national financing institutions and subsidy providers and, in fact,
they have clearly expressed their interest in such a quality approach which reduces the project risk.
In the end, it appeared through the project implementation that there are still a lot of
initiatives that could help structure Eastern European solar thermal markets, being in the field of
professionals training, awareness raising, subsidy schemes, products certification, sizing methods, etc.
Another interest of the East-GSR project was to target a wide range of stakeholders which allowed
having a broad overview of the market as well as fostering dialogue and point of view exchanges. We
believe that the project has evidenced some key issues at stake for the solar thermal sector
development and we hope that following initiatives will handle them. Besides, this project has also
evidenced a lot of similarities in the situations that are facing Eastern European countries and, as a
consequence, the interest for them to work together.
A performance guarantee is only one of the success factors for Eastern European solar thermal
sectors. However, it addresses several existing barriers and it is an essential tool to develop the field
on sustainable bases in the context of ambitious European objectives, which do not allow any counter-
performances. In this document are presented some of the East-GSR project results as well as the
approach that it has promoted. It also points out further action potential in order to continue working
towards a larger use of solar thermal in Eastern European partner countries.
This report has been prepared by Stéphane Pouffary, Head of the International Expertise in
Energy Management Unit within the French Environmental and Energy Management Agency
(ADEME) and Charlotte Colleu, project officer in the same unit, ADEME being coordinator of this
project. Jens Altevogt (DENA), Pawel Choromanski (KAPE), Catalin Flueraru (OVM-ICCPET),
Angelos Goumas (CRES), Violetta Groseva (SEC), Saso Medved (University of Ljubljana), Jean-Yves
Quinette (TECSOL), Peter Sevce (SIEA), Pavel Starinsky (SIEA), Gundula Tschernigg (Arsenal
Research), Jure Vetrsek (University of Ljubljana) and Ryszard Wnuk (KAPE) have also contributed to
this report.
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Final Public report -4- December 2008
Solar thermal Applications in Eastern
Europe with Guaranteed Solar Results
Table of content
Executive summary 3
Project presentation 7
- The East-GSR project 9
- East-GSR in the European energy context 10
Eastern European solar thermal markets 13
- Preliminary comments 15
- Bulgaria 16
- Poland 19
- Romania 22
- Slovakia
24
- Slovenia
27
The Guaranteed Solar Results (GSR) 31
- The GSR contract 33
- A performance guarantee: securing the whole stakeholders chain through a 34
win-win procedure
- A quality approach: building a sustainable market in a long term perspective 35
- Frequent questions about the GSR
36
Telemonitoring 39
- General approach 41
- The Bulgarian pilot site: Residential building, Sofia 43
- The Polish pilot site: Wlokniarz Sanatorium, Busko-Zdroj 45
- The Romanian pilot site: Belvedere hotel, Brasov 48
- The Slovak pilot site: Muli-family building Nivy II, Sala Veca
51
- the Slovene pilot site: Elderly home, Preddvor
54
Disseminating the GSR approach 57
- National networking and training sessions: pedagogic tools and main lessons 59
- Other dissemination actions 62
- Proposing pre-feasibility studies: first results 64
- Creating partnerships 68
To conclude… 71
The partners talk about the East-GSR project 73
Conclusions and perspectives 78
Contacts 79
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Final Public report -5- December 2008
Solar thermal Applications in Eastern
Europe with Guaranteed Solar Results
Project presentation
The East-GSR project
East-GSR in the European energy context
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Final Public report -7- December 2008
Solar thermal Applications in Eastern
Europe with Guaranteed Solar Results
The East-GSR project
The East-GSR project is a European project that was implemented from January 2006 to
December 2008. The global project budget was of 1 082 394 EUR co-financed by 50% by the European
commission in the framework of the Intelligent Energy Europe programme.
The aim of this project was to encourage the emergence of a sustainable solar thermal market
in 5 Eastern European countries (Bulgaria, Poland, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia) by promoting the
Guaranteed Solar Results (GSR) contract which is a quality approach based on a performance
guarantee for large-scale solar thermal systems.
The project consortium has gathered 5 partners representing the target Eastern European
countries and 5 partners coming from other European countries with an experienced solar thermal
market. Those ten partners were the following:
The Guaranteed Solar Results (GSR) is a contract that guarantees to a client a certain quantity
of produced solar hot water and thus a certain amount of savings on its energy bill. This mechanism
will be developed later in this document but what has to be underlined here is that it is a useful tool in
order to structure a market in a sustainable way as it acts both on the demand and offer sides:
- it secures the investment (the pay-back time is ensured) and raises confidence toward the
technology among the potential investors;
- it makes the professionals more responsible and encourages them to propose quality systems as,
if the contract is not fulfilled, they have to pay a financial compensation to the client.
The project implementation was guided by two concerns: to foster knowledge transfer
between the partners and to encourage pro-active promotion and networking between solar energy
professionals and public/private decision-makers in the target countries. In the medium term, the
implementation of performance guarantee schemes will contribute to the development of a mature
and sustainable solar thermal market in Eastern Europe, to increase confidence and to remove the
remaining barriers to the massive use of solar thermal energy systems.
During the three years of the project, several actions have contributed to the fulfilment of
those objectives. First, and for each of the five targeted countries, the most promising sectors for large-
scale solar thermal systems as well as the potentially involved stakeholders were identified. The GSR
contract was then adapted to the respective legal framework and reviewed by a national lawyer. One
existing system in each country was also telemonitored for training and demonstration purposes.
When those preparatory tasks were achieved, networking and training sessions have been organised
in each Eastern European partner country in order to communicate about the project approach
targeting key stakeholders. During the last months of the project, pre-feasibility studies were also
proposed in order to foster the concrete realisation of reference projects including a performance
guarantee and to impulse a dynamic that will scale up the project effects after its completion.
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Final Public report -9- December 2008
Solar thermal Applications in Eastern
Europe with Guaranteed Solar Results
EAST-GSR in the European energy context
The European Union has placed energy at the forefront of its policies in order to tackle the
environmental, economic and energy security issues currently at stake. As a consequence, the
European legislation and targets in terms of renewable energy sources (RES) as well as energy
efficiency are clearly ambitious. The “Climate Energy Package” sets as an objective to reduce green
house gases by 20% compared to 1990, to reduce by 20% the energy consumption and to reach 20% of
RES in the energy consumption. In order to fulfil those European objectives, the national binding
targets presented hereunder have been agreed on.
(Source REN21 Renewables 2007 Global Status Report)
In fact, in particular in the new member Eastern European countries which had to transpose the
European Acquis in their national legislations, the European directives and the related targets are
often pulling up the energy and environmental policies. If we have a look to the 5 East-GSR Eastern
European target countries (Bulgaria, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia and Romania), it is interesting to note
that they have all adopted national targets and support schemes (green certificates and/or feed-in
tariffs) for renewable electricity in reference to the 2001 Directive but that renewables for heating and
cooling (RES-HC), which do not benefited from a specific Directive, are largely neglected so far.
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Final Public report - 10 - December 2008
Solar thermal Applications in Eastern
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Yet, heating represents approximately 49% of the energy consumption at the European level
when electricity accounts for hardly 20%. As a consequence, it is clear that the 2020 objectives won’t be
met without the decisive contribution of RES-HC. At the moment, in the European energy mix,
biomass is from far the most important RES used for heating purposes. However, biomass is not an
unlimited resource and combining energies is certainly the only sound solution. In this perspective,
solar thermal represents a largely untapped potential and a resource available on the whole European
territory. As it appears on the map below (see figure 1) solar radiation in the target East-GSR partner
countries is not less favourable than in Germany or Austria which are two leaders on the solar thermal
market. As a consequence, in Eastern Europe as in the rest of Europe, solar thermal has a great role to
play in the coming years.
Fig. 1: Solar radiation in Europe
PVGIS © European Communities, 2001-2008
As a consequence, the East-GSR project had the interest to target a strategic but until now
largely neglected field in the Eastern European countries. Moreover, it was implemented in a strategic
moment, just before the adoption of a RES European Directive which should allow to reach the 3X20%
objective by 2020 and is characterised by a global approach, on the contrary of the 2001 Directive
which only targeted renewable electricity. This Directive will introduce the need to integrate
renewables in all new buildings and buildings undergoing major refurbishment which, with regard to
the predominance of heating in the energy consumption, clearly prefigures an acceleration in the
development of RES-HC.
For markets with high potential but which are still under maturation process, like the solar
thermal markets in Eastern Europe, this change of scale represents a great challenge. The coming
months and years will shape the energy landscape of those countries and any counter-performance
could lastingly jeopardise RES development and thus the fulfilment of the European commitments.
That is why projects like the East-GSR one which aims to raise confidence by the promotion of quality
and high performances systems are highly structuring. There is no more time for trial and error and
no one can afford now to repeat the past mistakes. Good practices exchanges at the European level are
more than ever a necessity. That is why the promotion of a performance guarantee approach in the
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Solar thermal Applications in Eastern
Europe with Guaranteed Solar Results
Eastern European countries from the beginning of the solar thermal market development makes sense
and will help all stakeholders to move forward and fill the gap faster.
The East-GSR project is an illustration of this collaborative approach and know-how
capitalisation at the European level. As a matter of fact, it was initiated from the French experience
and the conclusion in the late 1980’s that solar thermal systems, and in particular larger ones, were not
as productive as they should because of a lack of quality and maintenance. Twenty years later this
quality issue is still a central one in the perspective of the implementation of the expected new RES
Directive which will surely lead to the spreading of renewables obligations. Here, a lot can be learned
from the pioneer Barcelona solar obligation experience. And indeed, one of the lessons drawn is that,
in a context of a captive market (legal obligation) and/or of a sudden enlargement of the market, a
particular focus has to be put on the quality aspects. In fact, the theoretical calculations do not always
correspond to the real performances of the systems, in particular when the market expansion attracts
newcomers who are not necessarily properly trained. In the end, it appears that a 20 year old concept,
the GSR, is still a visionary one in a moment when performance guarantee and quality aspects are at
the core of the debate.
It is to be noted that the regulatory context at the European level focuses more and more on
performances through the implementation of the already mentioned “renewables obligations” but
also the spreading of result-oriented support mechanisms such as white certificates or the recently
announced French “Heat Funds”. The latter, which will finance RES-heating projects, is an innovative
initiative as it will provide investment subsidies but also “operating subsidies” that will be linked to
the effectively produced heat-kWh with some similarities with feed-in tariff approach for electricity
production.
For all those reasons, the East-GSR project is more than ever in line with the European energy
policies. By promoting a performance guarantee (the Guaranteed Solar Results contract), it focuses on
quality aspects and the real performances follow-up in order to help a promising field, solar thermal,
to develop on sustainable and strong bases. As this is particularly important for developing markets in
which any counter-performance can lastingly damage the image of the technology, it was particularly
relevant to target the Eastern European high potential markets.
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Final Public report - 12 - December 2008
Solar thermal Applications in Eastern
Europe with Guaranteed Solar Results
Eastern European partner countries’
markets
Preliminary comments
Bulgaria
Poland
Romania
Slovakia
Slovenia
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Final Public report - 13 - December 2008
Solar thermal Applications in Eastern
Europe with Guaranteed Solar Results
Preliminary comments
A first phase of the East-GSR project aimed at identifying the market for large-scale solar
thermal systems as well as the related stakeholders to be targeted. A focus was made on the
hotels/tourism sector, the public buildings and the multi-family houses which, by experience, were
identified as the most promising markets. Projections about the capacity to be installed in the coming
years were made. However, this task resulted quite difficult in the Eastern European partner countries
for the following reasons:
- There is a lack of visibility about the legal framework and the support schemes that will be
implemented as well as on the future of existing ones, when they exist. The evolutions observed
during the project duration illustrate the fact that the framework for renewables development is under
construction in the Eastern European countries and that it is largely conditioned by the transposition
for European Directives. On the eve of a new RES Directive, a lot of parameters should change in the
coming months.
- There is often a lack of precise and reliable statistical data on key issues:
- Even the actual installed capacity is often a rough approximation. The absence of systematic
subsidies and/or of professional associations explains that it is difficult to have a
comprehensive overview of the actual market.
- The energy consumptions in buildings, even in public ones, are largely unknown.
- There are a lot of uncertainties concerning domestic hot water (DHW) consumptions. Even
though it is a key element in order to size properly the systems, it seems that this parameter is
largely neglected so far by the field professionals.
As a consequence, the following data are the results of information cross-cutting through
several contacts with different actors of the solar thermal sector (installers, solar equipments
producers and distributors, funding institutions, etc.). They only involve the partners themselves and
do not reflect any political commitment.
However, the simple fact of proposing careful estimates on the sector actual achievements and
future perspectives was a positive output of the project. The several requests for data about Eastern
European markets received by the consortium as well as the quotations in papers of the one proposed
in the framework of this project do confirm this blind spot. In Poland, the East-GSR project has
enabled to start cooperation between the Polish National Energy Conservation Agency (KAPE) and
the Central Statistics Office. Indeed, further initiatives would be needed in order to set databases
about the existing (large scale) solar thermal systems, energy consumption in buildings and standard
domestic hot water consumptions in the partner countries.
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Final Public report - 15 - December 2008
Solar thermal Applications in Eastern
Europe with Guaranteed Solar Results
The Bulgarian market
Key figures for renewable energy sources (RES)
RES share in total primary energy consumption: 4.5% in 2006
RES share in gross final energy consumption: 9.4% in 2005
RES share in gross electricity production: 11.8% in 2005 (mainly hydropower)
Energy dependence on imports: 64.1% in 2005
RES targets
EU targets:
- 2008 RES Framework Directive (target agreed on but Directive under legislative process): 16% of
RES in final energy consumption in 2020
- 2001 RES-electricity Directive: 11% of RES in gross electricity consumption in 2010
National commitments:
- National Programme on RES (2005-2015): 6% of RES in 2015 in total primary energy
consumption
- By 2015 the production of heat energy from RES should reach 1341 ktoe
Solar radiation
Between 1400 and 1674 kWh/m²
Support for RES for heating and cooling
- Bulgarian Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Credit Line: investment subsidies up to 20%
- Rural Development Programme: up to 100% subsidies for state and municipal buildings and up to
70% for private companies
Solar thermal installed capacity
In the late 1970’s, the Bulgarian government launched a 50 000 m² solar thermal programme.
However, the installations were most of the time of poor quality which gave a rather bad image of the
solar thermal field. The Bulgarian market only started to grow anew in the last years.
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Final Public report - 16 - December 2008
Solar thermal Applications in Eastern
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There are no official statistical data about solar thermal installed capacity in Bulgaria. However,
experts’ estimates and information cross-cutting lead to the following data:
− Solar thermal collector area in operation in 2005: 56 000 m²
− Average installed capacity per 1 000 inhabitants: 0,72 m²
− Solar thermal market in 2007: around 5 000 m²
− Concerning large scale solar thermal systems, the following installations have been listed by the
Sofia Energy Centre as a non exhaustive overview of realisations in Bulgaria:
Building type Locality Year of Surface Types of collectors Storage Auxiliary
installation (m²) vomule (m3) heating
Elderly people home Plovdiv 2001 132 Flat plate 6 fuel
Hote « Albatros » Primorsko 2005 21,60 Flat plate / aluminium 1 electricity
Hotel « Arabella beach » Albena resort 2005 108 Vacuum tubes 12 electricity
Hotel « Elit » Balchik 2004 32,40 Flat plate / copper 1,5 electricity
NEK holiday home St Constantin and 2004 147 Flat plate / selective 20 electricity
Elena resort
Iberostar Hotel Sunny Beach 2006 462 Flat plate / selective 80 propane gas
resort
NEK holiday home Primorsko 2003 141 Flat plate / aluminium 11,5 electricity
and vacuum
Panel residential block Sofia 1998 126 Flat plate / selective 6 electricity
Elderly people home Silistra 2001 134 Flat plate 5,2 fuel
Residential building Sofia 2005 36 Vacuum tubes 5 Natural gas
Solar collectors on the roof of hotel “Iberostar”
Projections for large solar thermal systems by sector
Multi family houses: In the years 2001-2004, from 600 to 1 400 new residential
buildings have been constructed yearly. This represents approximately between 6 000
and 8 000 dwellings and a yearly 20 000 to 30 000 m² market for solar thermal.
In the public sector, several buildings could apply for large solar thermal systems. In
particular, can be targeted the 303 hospitals (47 709 beds) and 241 social establishments
(55 192 beds) with regular occupation rates and high domestic hot water demand. If
1/3 of the state and municipal building needs were covered by solar thermal through
a 10 year programme, this would allow the installation of 1 700 m² of solar collectors
yearly.
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Final Public report - 17 - December 2008
Solar thermal Applications in Eastern
Europe with Guaranteed Solar Results
Between 2000 and 2005, the number of tourism facilities has increased by 70% and
this is a booming market, in particular on the Black Sea coast. An interesting fact is
that the number of nights has decreased in the lower standard hotels and risen in the 3
stars and more, it is to say in tourism facilities with higher hot water consumptions
which make the systems more profitable. To cover 60% of new accommodations’
domestic hot water needs during the May to September period would imply to install
yearly 13 000 m² of solar collectors.
As a conclusion, there is in Bulgaria a yearly market potential for large-scale solar thermal systems of
approximately 40 000 m² which is in line with the optimistic prognosis of the National Programme.
Main barriers for large solar thermal market development
− There are no professional associations
− There are no owner associations in multi-family buildings
− Multi-family buildings are often not suitable for the installation of large solar thermal systems.
This stands for existing buildings with many storeys but also for new ones due to urbanism rules
(the maximum height of the building is referring to the façades and the roofs are thus used for
additional apartments and balconies).
− There is a lack of awareness, in particular in the public and multi-family houses sectors.
− The national regulatory framework is still more favourable to power generation and co-
generation. Solar thermal is not seen as a national priority.
− The banking sector is still quite reluctant to invest in this sector and asks for high interest rates
(usually over 15%) and guarantees (125%).
− Prices of heat generated through district heating are low (20% of the population connected).
− A training effort is needed and materials related to renewable energy sources should be included
in secondary schools and university programmes.
Main opportunities for large solar thermal market development
− Decentralization of the state regulation and the larger financial and administrative autonomy of
the local and regional authorities may allow more realisations in public buildings, in particular
municipal ones.
− In a context of rising energy prices, solar thermal can now compete with electricity and even
natural gas even without subsidy scheme.
− The Rural Development Programme which provides up to 100% subsidies for state and municipal
buildings may encourage the development of renewables, including solar thermal, in a sector with
a still unexploited important potential.
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Final Public report - 18 - December 2008
Solar thermal Applications in Eastern
Europe with Guaranteed Solar Results
The Polish market
Key figures for renewable energy sources (RES)
RES share in total primary energy consumption: 4.86% in 2006
RES share in gross final energy consumption: 7.2% in 2005
RES share in gross electricity consumption: 2.99% in 2006
Energy dependence on imports: 18.4% in 2005 (largest hard coal producer in the EU)
RES targets
EU targets:
- 2008 RES Framework Directive (target agreed on but Directive under legislative process): 15% of RES
in final energy consumption in 2020
- 2001 RES-electricity Directive: 7.5% of RES in gross electricity consumption in 2010
National commitments:
- Development Strategy of Renewable Energy Sector (endorsed I, 2001): 7.5% of RES in the primary
energy balance by 2010 and 14% by 2020.
- No target for heating and cooling
Solar radiation
Between 950 and 1 250 kWh/m²
Support for RES for heating and cooling
Investment grants and preferential loans provided by different funds:
- The Polish national, provincial, district and commune Environmental Protection and Water
Management Funds fed by the environmental fines and charges
- The EcoFund which is related to debt for environment swap activities
- Additional support from the Structural and Cohesion Funds according to the National Strategic
Reference Framework 2007-2013
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Final Public report - 19 - December 2008
Solar thermal Applications in Eastern
Europe with Guaranteed Solar Results
Solar thermal installed capacity
− Solar thermal collector area in operation in 2007: 235 000 m²
− Average installed capacity per 1 000 inhabitants: 6,1 m²
− Solar thermal market in 2007: 67 100 m²
− Market growth 2006-2007: +62% (steady growth in the last years)
In Poland, the available subsidies are targeting over 50 m² systems which explains that most of the
national market is referring to large-scale systems.
A 268 m² system on Poddebice hospital A 153.6 m² system in Gostynin
Projections for large solar thermal systems by sector
Many of the public buildings have been built in the 1970’s and need thermo-
modernisation. Assuming that one public building out of 10 will include a solar thermal
system (hospital, health centres, schools occupied during summer, social welfare
facilities, fire stations), this would represent a 300 000 m² market.
In Poland, there are more than 1 200 hotels with different standards, 110 motels and 240
holiday houses. If every third of those facilities would choose to use solar thermal for
hot water heating, this would represent a 26 000 m² market.
Church heating is also one of the applications for large solar thermal systems
encountered in Poland. If one church out of 10 would be heated with solar thermal, this
would represent a 50 000 m² market.
Main barriers for solar thermal market development
− There is a lack of transparent data about the energy consumptions and the real performances of
existing systems.
− The quality of the systems could be improved. Paradoxically, the existing support schemes which
can cover up to 90% of the investment costs for large-scale systems have negative effects on the
systems performances: as the pay back time is no more an issue, the sizing of the system, the
estimation of the needs and the quality of the equipments used are often not enough focussed on.
− There is a lack of visibility about the subsidy schemes which will have to be renegotiated for the
beyond 2010 period.
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Final Public report - 20 - December 2008
Solar thermal Applications in Eastern
Europe with Guaranteed Solar Results
− The number of domestic economic entities involved in the manufacturing of solar systems
equipment on a large scale is insufficient.
− Education and training programmes should be developed in order to raise awareness and
professional skills.
Main opportunities for large solar thermal market development
− Until now, subsidy schemes are favourable to large solar thermal systems.
− An important part of the building stock needs to be thermo-modernised.
− The Polish market is growing fast and steadily which may enable the emergence of new players
on this market fostering more competitiveness.
Roof of the Crakow University dormitory Hospital in Warsaw
Multi-family houses in Poddebice
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Final Public report - 21 - December 2008
Solar thermal Applications in Eastern
Europe with Guaranteed Solar Results
The Romanian market
Key figures for renewable energy sources (RES)
RES share in total primary energy consumption: 12.3% in 2005
RES share in gross final energy consumption: 17.8% in 2005
RES share in gross electricity production: 35.8% in 2006 (mainly large hydropower)
RES share in heating and cooling (final energy consumption): 12% in 2006 (firewood)
Energy dependence on imports: 31.6% in 2006
RES targets
EU targets:
- 2008 RES Framework Directive (target agreed on but Directive under legislative process): 24% of RES
in final energy consumption in 2020
- 2001 RES-electricity Directive: 33% of RES in gross electricity consumption in 2010
National commitments:
- 11% of RES in primary energy consumption in 2010
- 15% of RES in total primary energy in 2015
- No target for heating and cooling
Solar radiation
Between 1100 and 1300 kWh/m²
Support for RES for heating and cooling
A new subsidy scheme is to be implemented from January 2009.
It includes investment subsidies up to 90% within 6 900 EUR for individuals, up to 50% within
70 000 EUR for companies and up to 60% within 85 000 EUR for local authorities.
At this date it seems that owners associations for multi-family buildings are not eligible.
The allocated budget for 2009 is 140 Million EUR.
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Final Public report - 22 - December 2008
Solar thermal Applications in Eastern
Europe with Guaranteed Solar Results
Solar thermal installed capacity
− Solar thermal collector area in operation in 2007: 69 600 m²
− Average installed capacity per 1 000 inhabitants: 3,2 m²
− Solar thermal market in 2007: 500 m²
− Market growth 2006-2007: +25%
(source ESTIF)
Concerning large-scale systems, an ambitious programme was launched at the beginning of the 1980's
for the implementation of solar domestic hot water systems for the Black Sea coast hotels and
apartment blocks as well as solar drying for agricultural products. In 1989, 1.000.000 m2 of solar
collectors had been manufactured and installed in Romania, among which large systems up to 9.000
m2. However, due to the poor quality and maintenance, the majority of those systems shortly stopped
operating. Nowadays, the market is starting to grow anew and should take off in the next years
thanks to the very supportive subsidy scheme that will enter in operation in 2009.
Projections for large solar thermal systems by sector
Multi family houses are mostly privately owned and there is an obligation for the
constitution of owners associations. This facilitates the decision of financing a collective
solar thermal system.
The tourism sector is actually developing in Romania, in particular on the Black Sea
coast. In the region of Constanta and the nearby Mamaia resorts, a natural gas network
for heating -much more cost-effective than solar thermal- has been introduced.
However, for the Southern part of the coast (Eforie, Mangalia), solar thermal represents
a great potential in an area where oil characterised by its raising prices is still used for
heating.
Main barriers for solar thermal market development
− There is a lack of regional and municipal structures dealing with energy planning and utilisation
of RES.
− The creation of a professional association should help the sector to be structured.
− Solar thermal can't compete with the low prices of natural gas, which network is being extended.
Main opportunities for large solar thermal market development
− Although there is no large request for solar-thermal systems in Romania, the number of producers
and distributors on the market has increased these last years. Local producers are offering low-
tech and quite cost effective solar thermal systems. More efficient West European equipment is
commercialised by many companies. There are 7 major players involved in promotion of solar
thermal systems nation wide.
− The existence of owners association in multi-family building may facilitate the implementation of
efficiency energy measures as well as renewables installations.
− A very supportive subsidy scheme will enter in force in 2009 and may lead to a boom of the solar
thermal market. However, in order not to repeat the 1980's errors, training and quality will have
to be focussed on.
___________________________________________________________________________
Final Public report - 23 - December 2008
Solar thermal Applications in Eastern
Europe with Guaranteed Solar Results
The Slovak market
Key figures for RES
RES share in total primary energy consumption: 4,72% in 2006
RES share in gross final energy consumption: 6,7% in 2005
RES share in gross electricity production: 17,12% in 2006
RES share in heating and cooling (final energy consumption): 0,59% in 2006
Energy dependence on imports: about 90% in 2006
RES targets
EU targets:
- 2008 RES Framework Directive (target agreed on but Directive under legislative process): 14% of RES
in final energy consumption in 2020
- 2001 RES-electricity Directive: 31% of RES in gross electricity consumption in 2010
National commitments:
The Strategy on higher RES utilisation approved in April 2007 sets as an objective to move from 50 TJ
of solar heating in 2005 to 300 TJ in 2010. This would imply to install 100 000 m² of solar collectors
between 2007 and 2010 (e.g. 25 000 m² per year).
Solar radiation
Between 1100 and 1500 kWh/m²
___________________________________________________________________________
Final Public report - 24 - December 2008
Solar thermal Applications in Eastern
Europe with Guaranteed Solar Results
Support for RES for heating and cooling
− Purchase obligation for heat produced by RES or CHP (combined heat and power) under very
restrictive conditions, such as the following:
- the holder of the licence in heat distribution must not be a producer or purchaser of heat from
RES or CHP himself,
- the purchase price does not exceed conventional heat sources’ price.
− Investment subsidies:
- The Environmental fund provides 1% interest loans (national average about 6%) for solar
thermal systems for the private sector. However, a 130% of the loan value guarantee is required
and the private company must be over 3 year old
- The same Environmental fund also proposes to cover up to 95% of total investment cost for the
public sector
- The Financial Mechanism of the Norwegian Kingdom and EEA provides up to 90%subsidies for
the public sector and up to 50% for the private sector for all RES technologies investment (2004-
2009)
- Subsidies under the EU Structural Funds can cover up to 50% of the costs for private companies
and 85% for public organisations
Solar thermal installed capacity
− Solar thermal collector area in operation in 2007: 81 750 m²
− Average installed capacity per 1 000 inhabitants: 15,2 m²
− Solar thermal market in 2007: 9 000 m²
− Market growth 2006-2007: +6%
Multi family building in Koarno 70 m² system in a multi family building in Okruzna, Sala
Installation of the XVII century Mojmirovce castle, private hotel
___________________________________________________________________________
Final Public report - 25 - December 2008
Solar thermal Applications in Eastern
Europe with Guaranteed Solar Results
Projections for large solar thermal systems by sector
According to the strategy of higher utilization of RES, the objective is to install annually 25 000 m² of
solar collectors which seems to be an optimistic but realistic target. From this target -which is under
the technical potential but over the actual economical potential- has been deducted the potential for
large solar thermal systems by sector.
There is a boom of the building sector at the moment in Slovakia. From 2005 to 2007,
14.863 flats were completed and 48 874 were under construction. Approximately 40%
of them are in multi-family buildings. The potential market has been estimated from 1
200 to 1 600 m² of annual installed capacity.
Tourism in Slovakia is also developing at fast path as it was a neglected sector of the
economy until the last years. There are actually approximately 122 000 beds in
Slovakia but this number is increasing. The potential in the hotel sector is thus quite
high and estimated to 7 000 m² yearly.
The economic situation of the institutions held by the public sector (State, regional or
municipality level) is rather difficult and will not facilitate investment in solar thermal
systems with a rather large pay-back time. However, some realisations may be
forecasted in this sector. In particular, the education sector (under the condition that
the buildings are rented or used during the summer period when the solar system
productivity is higher) and the health sector could each represent an annual 3 000 m²
potential.
Sport centres, in particular those with a swimming pool, are also considered as a high
potential sector due to their high consumption of domestic hot water. This potential
has been evaluated to a yearly 4 000 m².
Main barriers for solar thermal market development
− There is a lack of clearly defined subsidy schemes with visibility in the medium and long term as
well as a communication deficit about those existing schemes.
− It seems that there is not much interest from the public sector (in particular at municipal level) for
RES. This may be linked to a lack of financial means but also of awareness.
Main opportunities for large solar thermal market development
− A strong national solar collector producer, Thermosolar, is committed to produce quality
equipments. Its current production capacity is around 100.000 m2 per year. Only about 10% of
these are sold on the domestic market, the rest being exported. It represents however 90% of the
Slovak market. Besides, all major European producers of solar collectors are present on the
market.
− Even though the procedures may be quite long and complicated, support schemes do exist at
national level.
− The tourism and multi-family building sectors are very promising as they both grow very fast at
the moment.
___________________________________________________________________________
Final Public report - 26 - December 2008
Solar thermal Applications in Eastern
Europe with Guaranteed Solar Results
The Slovene market
Key figures for RES
RES share in total primary energy consumption: 10.55% in 2006
RES share in gross final energy consumption: 16% in 2005
RES share in gross electricity production: 24.4% in 2006
RES share in heating and cooling: 4.5% in 2006
Energy dependence on imports: 55.9% in 2005
RES targets
EU targets:
- 2008 RES Framework Directive (target agreed on but Directive under legislative process): 25% of RES
in final energy consumption in 2020
- 2001 RES-electricity Directive: 33,6% of RES in gross electricity consumption in 2010
National commitments:
2004 National Energy Programme
- Increase RES share in primary energy balance from 9 to 12% by 2010
- increase RES share in heat supply from 22 to 25% by 2010
The target for solar thermal is the installation of 35.000 m2 of solar collectors (SC) build per year until
2010
Solar radiation
Between 1 000 and 1 400 kWh/m²
___________________________________________________________________________
Final Public report - 27 - December 2008
Solar thermal Applications in Eastern
Europe with Guaranteed Solar Results
Support for RES for heating and cooling
- For private investors, subsidy of 125 € per m2 of solar collector, but no more than 2.085 € for the solar
system (in 2006, 788 applications with total solar collector area of 5.100 m2 subsidised)
- For the larger solar thermal systems, subsidies or loans can be provided for pilot projects through the
state owned Eko-sklad
Solar thermal installed capacity
During the 1980’s the Slovenian producers of solar systems were leaders in the market of former
Yugoslavia. A lot of systems were installed and some of them are still working well. After the
independence, the Yugoslavian market was closed for Slovene companies and production of solar
systems decreased significantly. However, these last years the interest for solar heating systems has
increased again due to higher fuel prices and more reliable solar systems.
− Solar thermal collector area in operation in 2007: 121 300 m²
− Average installed capacity per 1 000 inhabitants: 42 m²
− Solar thermal market in 2007: 12 000 m²
− Market growth 2006-2007: + 74% (steady growth in the last years)
Paraplegic home in Pacug
Hotel Delfin on the
Adriatic coast
Terme Snovik hotel and sport centre
Projections for large solar thermal systems by sector
Today approximately 160 new multi-family houses are built yearly (with 3 to 50 flats).
Multi-family buildings have significant barriers for solar thermal systems (spread
ownership, low cost of gas boilers, etc.). Anyway approximately 1 000 m² of solar
collectors installed per year (until 2012) in multi-family buildings seems to be a
reasonable target, if subsidy schemes are implemented for large solar thermal systems
as well.
___________________________________________________________________________
Final Public report - 28 - December 2008
Solar thermal Applications in Eastern
Europe with Guaranteed Solar Results
Tourism accounts for 9,1 % of the Slovene GDP and employs 52 000 people. There exist
more than 170 hotels and motels, 90 mountains huts, 100 inns. Several (10 to 15) large
solar systems are already installed in hotels. As domestic hot water heating in this
sector represents 1 to 1,2 PJ per year, and if we consider the 25 % of RES for heating by
2010 national objective, 110 000 m² of solar collectors should be installed, only on
hotels. Concerning other tourism facilities, half of the campsites (there are
approximately 40 in total) have expressed interest for solar thermal systems (see
Solcamp project). According to recorded overnights stays (680 000, in 2001), it can be
estimated that up to 10 000 m² of solar collectors could be installed in total. There are
also 18 sport centres with indoor pool area around 12.000 m². If half of the pool water
and tap water in these facilities are heated with solar thermal systems, 6 000 to 10 000
m² will be required.
In 2005 there were 29 hospitals with a total tap water heat demand of 2,5 PJ per year. If
10 to 15 % of tap hot water would be heated with solar thermal systems, up to
10.000 m² of solar collectors would be needed. The health care centers offer even better
opportunities for solar system utilisation, because they are smaller and reconstruction
of building services installation will be easier. Around 100 health care centers operate
in Slovenia with almost 10 000 000 visits of patients per year which results in tap water
heat demand of 2,3 PJ yearly. At the moment only one large solar thermal system
operates in this sector. Finally, the Slovene population is getting older and it can be
concluded that the current number of 70 elderly homes will increase in the future.
Several applications already exist (Preddvor, Tezno, Šmartno pri Litiji) and this is a
promising sector. Altogether, considering an optimistic approach, the potential of the
solar thermal systems is around 20 000 m² of solar collectors in the health sector.
Main barriers for solar thermal market development
- National targets are not enough ambitious with regard to the actual market development
- There are no easily accessible and clearly defined subsidies for large scale solar thermal systems
- In multi-family buildings, the ownership is spread and there is no individual metering which
makes difficult to reach an agreement for the installation of a solar thermal system in existing
buildings
- Low cost gas boilers with integrated tap water heater are more competitive
Main opportunities for large solar thermal market development
- The health sector is a promising one with already existing realisations that can act as
demonstration projects.
- The installed capacity per inhabitant in Slovenia is already quite high which confirms the
important potential of this country.
- The Slovene Solar Technology Platform (SSTP) can help to promote this sector.
___________________________________________________________________________
Final Public report - 29 - December 2008
Solar thermal Applications in Eastern
Europe with Guaranteed Solar Results
The Guaranteed Solar Results (GSR)
GSR general presentation
A performance guarantee
A quality approach
Frequent questions about the GSR contract
___________________________________________________________________________
Final Public report - 31 - December 2008
Solar thermal Applications in Eastern
Europe with Guaranteed Solar Results
The Guaranteed Solar Results (GSR) Contract
The GSR contract was developed in the late 1980's by the engineering office TECSOL with the
support of the French Environment and Energy Management Agency (ADEME) in order to improve
the quality and performances of large scale solar thermal systems for domestic hot water production.
As a matter of fact, a national assessment had demonstrated that a significant share of the existing
systems at that time was not operating properly because of sizing, design and/or maintenance
problems. GSR has since then become a prerequisite to access public subsidies for large-scale systems
in France and has been successfully duplicated in other European countries as well as in Southern and
Eastern Mediterranean ones.
The principle of this GSR contract is that a technical pool gathering the planner, the solar
collectors manufacturer, the installer and the operator contractually guarantees to the client a quantity
of produced solar hot water (in kWh). This quantity depends on the system size but also, and most of
all, on the domestic hot water consumption in the building. If the agreed quantity of produced solar
energy is no met at the end of the contract, the client receives a financial compensation.
In order to measure the real production of the solar system, a telemonitoring system is used
(this issue is developed further in this document). It allows two main functions:
- ensuring the nominal operating conditions (for maintenance purposes),
- collecting instantaneous system performances data for energy balances.
A monthly report is then provided to the client. The GSR contract is thus indissociable from a
maintenance contract.
The duration of the GSR contract can vary but it usually lasts 4 or 5 years. The contract is
divided in two phases:
- the verification phase which is the first year of the contract: the guarantor can make the necessary
changes on the system – at his own expenses- in order to reach the guaranteed energy production.
- the confirmation phase which runs until the end of the contract.
Such a contract was designed to foster the client confidence in the technology as it ensures the
real performances of the system, and thus the pay-back time of the investment. It also enables to
promote a quality-focussed approach which should avoid repeating past errors. As a matter of fact,
and as in many other countries, the Eastern European ones have promoted solar thermal systems in
the 1970's and 1980's as an answer to the oil crisis but the bad quality of the systems has damaged the
field image for many years. Now that the market starts to grow anew in a context of an ambitious
European policy and raising energy prices, the GSR should help those high potential and fast-
developing markets to develop on strong and sustainable bases.
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Final Public report - 33 - December 2008
Solar thermal Applications in Eastern
Europe with Guaranteed Solar Results
A performance guarantee:
Securing the whole stakeholders’ chain through
a win-win procedure
− The client
- The pay-back time is secured thanks to the guarantee
with possible financial compensation.
- This can facilitate access to bank loans and to some
subsidy schemes.
- There are no breakdown worries: not only repairs and
maintenance are guaranteed, but it is also in the interest
of the technical pool to carry out the repairs as quickly as
possible in order to fulfil the contract.
The public institutions
The banking sector
- When subsidies are provided, an
efficient use of the public money is - Financial risk is reduced and the
ensured. proposed loans can be more
- Quality systems will have a greater attractive.
impact on the national energy mix. - It allows including a new type of
- The public institutions must be project in the loan portfolio, knowing
exemplary in their own realisations that those projects should become
and be able to communicate on it, more and more frequent in the
which allows the GSR performances coming year.
follow-up. - RES financing contributes to the
- Precise data are available thanks to good image of the bank.
telemonitoring and can feed a national
database such as a solar thermal
observatory.
The professionals
- GSR projects can be used as reference projects and thus
as a marketing tool by the involved companies.
- It increases the confidence in the technology which has
positive impact on the market in terms of growth.
- It is an innovative commercial offer than can make
easier to compete with cheaper but less quality offers.
- It gives visibility to qualified professionals.
___________________________________________________________________________
Final Public report - 34 - December 2008
Solar thermal Applications in Eastern
Europe with Guaranteed Solar Results
A Quality Approach:
Building a sustainable market in a long term perspective
By guaranteeing the real performances of the system, the GSR is a quality-orientated
approach. The contractual commitment reinforced by a financial compensation in case of non
compliance is a strong incentive to deliver installations as efficient as possible. As a consequence:
− Professionals are made more responsible and are thus strongly encouraged to evaluate carefully
the hot water needs and design the system in an adapted way.
− They will also be encouraged to use recognised sizing software and certified equipments.
− Telemonitoring allows a know-how acquisition and continuous improvement.
− Telemonitoring can also contribute to a higher involvement of the end-user in the follow-up of the
system and thus to awareness rising among the population.
− The GSR contract is also a maintenance contract through which the technical pool commits itself
to intervene when a disfunctioning is detected.
− Telemonitoring allows reducing on-site visits for maintenance while ensuring more reactivity as
the professional in charge of the maintenance will be alerted with short delays in case of
disfunctioning. It is to say here that for large scale systems, any underperforming element can
represent important economic losses.
Of course, the GSR is just one of the quality-oriented mechanisms that have to be
implemented in order to secure the market. This is the reason why its implementation must go
together with the following initiatives:
− The development of simple and reliable sizing tools.
− The promotion of equipments complying with the European standards (such as Solarkeymark for
instance).
− The existence of certification bodies enabled to certify the equipments at a national level.
− The implementation of training courses for installers.
− The inclusion of solar thermal systems in the secondary level and university careers.
− The creation of a quality charter for the professionals themselves. As an example, the French
Qualisol charter implies to participate in training courses and/or to justify of a minimum number
of yearly installed systems. Audits can also be led on the installations performed by the Qualisol
installers.
The introduction of the GSR on a national market, being on a voluntary basis (the
professionals propose it as a marketing tool) or as a pre-requisite to subsidies can help foster a
virtuous circle that will have a positive influence on all those issues.
Here, it is to be underlined that the know-how gained for large-scale solar thermal systems
has also a positive impact on the individual systems which are designed following similar principles
and using similar type of equipments.
___________________________________________________________________________
Final Public report - 35 - December 2008
Solar thermal Applications in Eastern
Europe with Guaranteed Solar Results
Frequent questions about the GSR contract
- How is shared the responsibility among the technical pool stakeholders?
The share of the responsibility is negotiated between the stakeholders of the technical pool. Obviously,
the responsibility of one of them is engaged if the problem is linked to its attributions. As a
consequence, the responsibilities are usually distributed as follows:
− The planner's responsibility will be engaged if the design of the system is concerned;
− The installer will be responsible if the underperforming of the system is due to mistakes during
the installation phase of the system (linking in the primary or secondary circuit, bad balance of the
solar collectors’ field, etc.);
− The solar collectors manufacturer will be responsible for the defects of the solar collectors;
− The operator will be responsible for incidents happening during the operation of the system (as an
example, the freezing of the collectors, unless it is due to a bad conception of the system)
It is to be noted that the stakeholders should managed to get covered by the insurances they have
contracted for their activities.
- How can the solar thermal system’s performances be guaranteed when
production depends on solar radiation?
In order to determine the guaranteed solar hot water production, the radiation data from the area are
used. Of course they must be as precise and reliable as possible but anyway, a security margin of 10%
to 20% compared to the expected production is always included to the contract. Generally, this is
enough to cover weather variations from one year to another. Indeed, the past experiences of GSR
implementation have shown that there are no cases of non fulfilment of the contract linked to this
parameter.
- How can solar thermal system’s performances be guaranteed when production
depends on the hot water consumption in the building?
The hot water consumption in the building is a key parameter in the sizing phase. As a matter of fact,
the water that is not consumed can’t be produced! The more consumption, the more efficient and cost-
effective the system is. During the contract negotiation, a reference hot water consumption is agreed
on. In the case of an existing building, on site measures can be made but, more generally, some
estimates according to the type of building and its occupancy rate can be used.
If for any reason the consumption falls to half of the agreed consumption during a month, this month
can be skipped and the end of the contract will be delayed from one month.
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Final Public report - 36 - December 2008
Solar thermal Applications in Eastern
Europe with Guaranteed Solar Results
- Where can be found such a contract?
A contract template is available on the East-GSR website for each country. It has been reviewed by a
national lawyer and translated in national language. However, this contract can be adapted (see
below).
- For what kind of installations does the GSR contract apply?
The GSR contract is recommended for domestic hot water production through large scale solar
thermal systems (usually over 50m² so that the telemonitoring costs represent a small share of the
global investment). However, it is to be said that the GSR is just one possible type of performance
guarantee which, itself, presents evolution perspectives. As an example, lower prices of
telemonitoring equipments could allow a real performances follow-up on a broader range of
installations and in particular smaller ones in the coming years. There is also a demand for longer
contracts up to 10 to 15 years that are in fact relatively similar to ESCOs’ energy services contracts.
More flexible mechanisms could also been envisaged with an involvement of the end-user in the
system follow-up, etc.
- What is the overcost of the telemonitoring system?
Here is a breakdown of the telemonitoring equipment costs that were recommended in the East-GSR
project for the pilot sites:
TISI (local telemonitoring station): 500 EUR
Temperature sensors: about 30 EUR each
Radiation sensor: 180 EUR
Flow meter: depends on the diameter. From 120 EUR (DN25) to 800 EUR (DN50)
TOTAL: less than 2 500 EUR all installed and ready for operation.
However, it is to be noted that a control system (approximately 300 - 500 EUR) is already included in
the TISI. Besides, the GSR contract includes de facto a maintenance contract. Thanks to the
telemonitoring, the person in charge of the maintenance as well as the owner receive the data and a
monthly report. As a consequence, the on site visit of the system can be reduced while ensuring more
reactivity. The quality of the maintenance is clearly improved. In conclusion, the overcost of such a
guarantee scheme is not significant for large-scale systems (over 50 m²) and if the telemonitoring
equipments prices were to decrease in the future, this scheme could even be applied to smaller
systems.
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Final Public report - 37 - December 2008
Solar thermal Applications in Eastern
Europe with Guaranteed Solar Results
Telemonitoring
General approach
The Bulgarian pilot site:
Residential building, Sofia
The Polish pilot site:
Wlokniarz Sanatorium, Busko-Zdroj
The Romanian pilot site:
Belvedere hotel, Brasov
The Slovak pilot site:
Multi-family building Nivy II, Sala Veca
The Slovene pilot site:
Elderly home, Preddvor
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Final Public report - 39 - December 2008
Solar thermal Applications in Eastern
Europe with Guaranteed Solar Results
Telemonitoring general approach
Telemonitoring is one of the key elements of the GSR contract as it enables to know what are
the real performances of the system and thus if the contract is fulfilled. It is also at the core of the
maintenance scheme which is part of the contract.
In fact, telemonitoring role is threefold:
- To measure the performance: measuring the useful energy supplied by the solar system
(results);
- To qualify the performance: comparing the real and the estimated system performance
(conformity to expectations);
- To ensure the performance: detecting and analysing incidents that cause reduced system
performance (working order of the system).
Different kinds of monitoring can be envisaged from manual ones to more sophisticated and
automatised data collectors. For large scale systems, usually over 50 m², and in the framework of a
GSR contract, telemonitoring systems are used as they will enable a higher reliability, a closer follow-
up as well as more reactivity and efficiency in the maintenance while generating acceptable overcosts.
The instrumentation of a solar hot water supply system for telemonitoring must be able to
handle different constraints which implies a careful compromise between the following elements:
- Reliability: any break in the measurements can affect the good working order of the system.
- Quality and precision: for example, energy calculations depend on the evaluation of the
temperature difference between two sensors. An error in these measurements will distort the results.
- Reliable integration into a communication and processing network.
- Reasonable investment and running costs.
First, a quality monitoring requires 7 measurement points:
An irradiation sensor can also be added in order to interpret more accurately the results (several days
of bad weather can explain a very low production).
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Final Public report - 41 - December 2008
Solar thermal Applications in Eastern
Europe with Guaranteed Solar Results
Secondly, the telemonitoring which allows a remote and close follow-up of the performances is
ensured thanks to the following elements:
A local station which ensures:
- The required measurements (every 10’),
- The required calculations,
- Temporary data storage for a sufficiently
long time period,
- Data transfer to a central station,
- Control of the whole system (pumps and back-
up operation, including safety features in case of
sensor failure for example).
A central station which ensures:
- Data reception from the local station
(through the Internet),
- The required calculations,
- Long term data and system assessment
storage,
- Results publication,
- Alert transmission when needed.
In the framework of the East-GSR project, one existing installation per country has been
equipped with a telemonitoirng system and is designated as the “pilot site”. This task was essential:
- for demonstration purpose in order to show how telemonitoring concretely works, what are its
assets and how telemonitoring of the performances can evidence possible improvement of the system;
- for training purposes: the local partners and professionals were directly involved in the
implementation of the telemonitoring system with the support of TECSOL, a partner with a large
experience in that field. This know-how transfer (instrumentation of the solar thermal system, use of
the software, data interpretation) was highly appreciated by the Eastern European partners.
In order to select a demonstrative pilot site, the Eastern European partners have selected 10
existing large scale solar thermal systems for domestic hot water production. This was the opportunity
to identify existing installations as, in most of the Eastern European partner countries, an exhaustive
database does not exist. The four most suitable sites were then visited with TECSOL in order to assess
their assets in the project perspective (easy access to the solar collectors, standard and well conceived
hydraulic schemes, quality of the installation, motivated owners, etc.). This was the opportunity, in a
know-how exchange perspective, to identify with the local partners what characterises a good quality
system and what are the errors to avoid.
The selected pilot site was then equipped with the telemonitoring system and the Eastern
European partners were in charge of the follow up. The learning process took some time as, at the
beginning, the data were not always properly collected (errors in the units, problems with the Internet
connexion, etc.) but those close exchanges between the partners and TECSOL were obviously very
constructive and could allow to identify the mistakes to avoid and the key points to check when
implementing such a telemonitoring system.
The daily data are available on the East-GSR website and will continue to be accessible during
the next three years. A “comments” section has been created in order to explain the variations or
incidents observed on the telemonitoring graphs, once again with the concern of being as
demonstrative and learning-oriented as possible.
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Final Public report - 42 - December 2008
Solar thermal Applications in Eastern
Europe with Guaranteed Solar Results
The Bulgarian pilot site:
Residential building, Simeonovsko Chausse, Sofia
Application: Domestic hot water pre-heating Number of users: 4 at the moment but up
to 10 flats could be connected.
Collectors: Area: 25,2 m²
Orientation: South Financing: Total costs: 6 000 EUR
Slant: 45° Subsidies: 0%
Storage volume: 1 200 Litres Technical pool
Auxiliary heating: Natural gas Engineering, installation and operation:
Thermocomfort Ltd
Start-up date: 2005 Collectors manufacturer: Wolf (Germany)
Maintenance: Thermocomfort Ltd
Comments
The building is a residential building with offices on the ground floor. The solar installation ensures
domestic hot water heating but it is envisaged to use the excess for space heating in the future (at the
moment, there is a heat pump). It is also planned to build a swimming pool in he yard which could
also be heated with the excess domestic hot water. As a consequence, the installation is rather over-
sized, all the most than the building is not completely occupied yet.
Solar collectors Technical room
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Final Public report - 43 - December 2008
Solar thermal Applications in Eastern
Europe with Guaranteed Solar Results
Hydraulic Scheme Telemonitoring data examples
Comments
The solar produced energy measured from the output of the solar tank is in good accordance with the
consumption. The system is thus working properly. On this month, solar radiation were not very high
but the low production is most of all explained by the fact that the consumption is also lower than
expected. This is due to the fact that, as already mentioned, the simulation of the Bulgarian pilot site
has started now that the building is not fully occupied but presuming what will be the consumption
when it will be fully occupied. This at least evidences the direct impact of hot water consumption on
solar hot water production.
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Final Public report - 44 - December 2008
Solar thermal Applications in Eastern
Europe with Guaranteed Solar Results
The Polish pilot site:
Wlokniarz Sanatorium, Busko-Zdroj
Application: Domestic hot water pre-heating Start-up date: 2005
Collectors: Area: 563 m² Number of users: potential of 500 beds
Orientation: South
Slant: 45° Technical pool
Engineering: Przemyslaw Banaszak, MSc
Storage volume: 10 000 Litres Collectors manufacturer: “Watt” Ltd Chorzow
Maintenance: Nowoczesne Systemy Grzewcze
Auxiliary heating: Natural gas P&P Olejnik
Storage tanks Electric box with the TISI (in blue)
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Final Public report - 45 - December 2008
Solar thermal Applications in Eastern
Europe with Guaranteed Solar Results
Hydraulic scheme
Telemonitoring data examples
___________________________________________________________________________
Final Public report - 46 - December 2008
Solar thermal Applications in Eastern
Europe with Guaranteed Solar Results
Comments
Above are two types of presentations of the telemonitoirng data for two different days. Each time, the
correlation between solar irradiation, the collector outlet temperature and the storage outlet
temperature confirms the proper operation of the system.
It is to be noted that, in this case, the water consumption is high (up to 70 m3 per day) but corresponds
in average to the reference (design) one.
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Final Public report - 47 - December 2008
Solar thermal Applications in Eastern
Europe with Guaranteed Solar Results
The Romanian pilot site:
Belvedere Hotel, Brasov
Application: Domestic hot water pre-heating Start-up date: 2005
Collectors: Area: 32 m² Number of users: 15 rooms + restaurant
Orientation: 10° South
Slant: 30° Technical pool
Collectors manufacturer: Megasun
Storage volume: 1 000 L Installation: Condmag SA (Brasov)
Maintenance: Condmag SA (Brasov)
Auxiliary heating: Natural gas Monitoring system: Dymotec S.R.L.
2 parallel systems (2 fields of 16 m²) Electric box with the TISI (in blue)
___________________________________________________________________________
Final Public report - 48 - December 2008
Solar thermal Applications in Eastern
Europe with Guaranteed Solar Results
Hydraulic scheme
Telemonitoring data examples
___________________________________________________________________________
Final Public report - 49 - December 2008
Solar thermal Applications in Eastern
Europe with Guaranteed Solar Results
Comments
The temperature of the solar tank output is clearly a
balance between irradiation input and consumption
output. The temperature levels are normal.
The temperatures are strongly fluctuating. The reason is a
weak insulation of the pipes, as for the cold water: we see
that this temperature increases as soon as there is no
consumption.
The solar energy, measured from the output of the solar
tank is in a very good accordance with the calculated one.
___________________________________________________________________________
Final Public report - 50 - December 2008
Solar thermal Applications in Eastern
Europe with Guaranteed Solar Results
The Slovak pilot site:
Muli-family building Nivy II, Sala Veca
The peculiarity of the Slovak pilot site is that
the owner of the system is a owners
association.
Peter Sevce, SIEA
“There is a large potential in the
cities and towns to install solar
systems on the roofs of dwelling
houses (…). The big problem in
this field is the owners’ community, because
the ownership of the apartments is split among
the individual owners. Therefore it was very
useful to promote the Sala Veca pilot site,
where the flat owners were able to organise
themselves and to agree on the solar collector
installation. The GSR concept can help them to
Application: Domestic hot water pre-heating have better access to the preferential bank
loans and to negotiate better interest rates.
Collectors: Area: 50 m² Therefore we will maintain the EAST-GSR
Orientation: South project web-site in the future and publish as
Slant: 45° many as possible interesting information for
potential consumers.”
Storage volume: 2 x 1 000 Litres
Auxiliary heating: Natural gas
Mr. Ladislav Košičár,
representative of the flat owners
Start-up date: 2005
association in Šaľa-Veča, the main
promoter of the solar collector
Number of users: 108 apartments
installation.
Financing: Total costs: 36 500 EUR
“We don’t say that the solar energy can be
Subsidies: No
used everywhere. But in our case it is
profitable, we can save annually 20-30% of the
Technical pool
gas comparing to similar dwelling houses (…)
Engineering, Installation, Operation,
Definitely we are saving the gas, of which the
Maintenance: Mr. Karol Petrovic - ALPE
prices are still raising (…) If the people don’t
Collectors manufacturer: Citrin Solar (supplied
start to utilise the solar energy right now, what
by Herz)
happens later? If they don’t get on the express
train, they will stay only in the slow passenger
train“.
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Final Public report - 51 - December 2008
Solar thermal Applications in Eastern
Europe with Guaranteed Solar Results
Hydraulic scheme
Telemonitoring data examples
___________________________________________________________________________
Final Public report - 52 - December 2008
Solar thermal Applications in Eastern
Europe with Guaranteed Solar Results
Comments
Here also, the graphs are presenting normal shapes.
Just as an observation, peaks in the water consumption on Sunday can be noted on the monthly
graph.
Another graph shows the daily operating hours of the pumps (primary and secondary loop). The
pumps are operating normally with a good concordance between the operating hours of the pumps of
the primary and secondary loops.
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Final Public report - 53 - December 2008
Solar thermal Applications in Eastern
Europe with Guaranteed Solar Results
The Slovene pilot site:
Elderly home, Preddvor
In the framework of the EAST-GSR project, a
telemonitoring system was established on the
Preddvor elderly home large solar heating
system. The system’s solar collector area is
144 m2 and is dedicated to sanitary hot water
preparation. Additional heating is provided
through biomass district heating, so that all the
heat needed in the building comes from
renewable energy sources.
Application: Domestic hot water pre-heating
Financing: Total costs: not available
Collectors: Area: 144 m² Client: Elderly home of Preddvor
Orientation: South Subsidies: 0%
Slant: 40°
Technical pool
Storage volume: 6000 + 800 litres Engineering: STROJ d.o.o.
Auxiliary heating: Biomass (district heating) Collectors’ manufacturer: STROJ d.o.o.
Installation: STROJ d.o.o.
Start-up date: 1990 Operation: Elderly home technical staff
Maintenance: STROJ d.o.o.
Number of users: 190
One of the installed temperature sensor The installed flow meter
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Final Public report - 54 - December 2008
Solar thermal Applications in Eastern
Europe with Guaranteed Solar Results
Hydraulic scheme
___________________________________________________________________________
Final Public report - 55 - December 2008
Solar thermal Applications in Eastern
Europe with Guaranteed Solar Results
Telemonitoring data examples
Comments
The temperature of the solar tank output is clearly a balance between irradiation input and
consumption output. The temperature levels are normal.
The temperature peaks in the back-up curve shows the effect of the overheating against legionella and
this monitoring could be very useful in case of legionella disease.
The variation of cold water temperature is due to a bad insulation of the cold water pipe: the cold
water temperature is influenced by the ambient one around the pipe and, when some consumption
occurs, it decreases rapidly.
National telemonitoring web site screen shots
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Final Public report - 56 - December 2008
Solar thermal Applications in Eastern
Europe with Guaranteed Solar Results
Disseminating the GSR approach
National networking and training sessions:
pedagogic tools and main lessons
Other dissemination initiatives
Creating partnerships
Proposing pre-feasibility studies: first results
___________________________________________________________________________
Final Public report - 57 - December 2008
Solar thermal Applications in Eastern
Europe with Guaranteed Solar Results
National networking and training sessions:
pedagogic tools and main lessons
In the framework of the project, once the GSR contract were adapted to the national situations,
the pilot site telemonitoring systems were installed and the targeted stakeholders identified, one
national networking meeting as well as one training session were organised in each Eastern European
partner country. This was the opportunity to communicate about the project results and to exchange
with the local stakeholders in order to see how the GSR contract can positively impact the market.
The sessions were held during the year 2008 following the hereunder schedule:
- Poland: April 11th to 13th, 2008 in the framework of the 15th Fair of Residential
Building Materials and Interior Fitments DOM, Kielce
- Slovenia: May 14th, 2008 (networking session in cooperation with the Slovene
Solar Technology Platform) and May 16th and 17th (training sessions and site
visit), Ljubljana
- Slovakia: June 10th to 12th in Bratislava
- Romania: June 19th and 20th, 2008 during the Neptun regional energy forum.
- Bulgaria: September 11th and 12th, Sofia
In order to maximise the exchanges and
know-how transfers, round tables gathering Marian Božič, director of
local stakeholders and partners from the the Slovene company
consortium were organised. Different pieces of »Izdelava strojev in
pedagogic material were also used on this naprav«
occasion. It included:
- A professional handbook about the design and “The EAST-GSR project
sizing of large-scale solar thermal systems; was introduced to me by
- Presentations about the GSR approach and my son, who is student at
related issues (marketing, financing schemes the Faculty of mechanical engineering in
with a focus on third party financing, calculation Ljubljana. Because one of our family company
methods and sizing software, etc.); activities is also installation of solar heating
- An Excel sheet prepared by DENA simulating systems, I was interested in the project. It was
the internal return rate and the pay back time interesting for me to review expert literature,
with and without GSR; which was elaborated in the frame of this
- A project CD-Rom gathering all the project. I found out, that I can make great use of
documents produced during the project in both the manual for sizing and installation. I find the
English and national language, including the idea about guaranteed heat supply very
GSR contract template. interesting.”
Example of the material used for the
Slovene training session
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Final Public report - 59 - December 2008
Solar thermal Applications in Eastern
Europe with Guaranteed Solar Results
Those meetings have gathered in total more than 300 well-targeted attendees representing different
stakeholders: installers, collector manufacturers and distributors, ministry and funding institutions
representatives, local authorities, architects, trainers, etc. The attendants generally stressed out the
interest of organising such transversal meetings which gave them the opportunity to exchange and
deliver their messages.
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Final Public report - 60 - December 2008
Solar thermal Applications in Eastern
Europe with Guaranteed Solar Results
As expected, those meetings were the opportunity to take into account the national peculiarities but
they have also underlined the interest of a project targeting specifically Eastern European countries as
it appeared that those countries have several challenges in common. Hereunder are listed some
common conclusions that can be drawn from these national sessions.
-A minority of the attendees had the opportunity
to participate in this kind of event before and - Funding institutions representatives were very
there is a high demand for more events about positive towards the above pre-requisite
topics related to renewables as showed the possibility as they are concerned with their
questionnaires distributed at the end of each subsidies impact. This would also answer a
session. general lack of information about the real
behaviour of solar thermal systems.
- A lack of communication between institutions
and professionals of the field was pointed out. - The GSR and its performance guarantee
The attendees therefore expressed their interest approach also raised high interest among
in such multi actors meetings although the lack professionals of the field (installers, solar
of concrete commitments from decision makers collector manufacturers, distributors). They were
was often pointed out. however generally quite reluctant to engage
their responsibility. Having said that, the
- Professionals are not organised in associations implementation of GSR contract on new projects
(except in Slovenia) which makes difficult their may however encourage professionals to take
access to decision makers in order to defend the the plunge and use this guarantee scheme. That
field interests. is why pre-feasibility studies have been
proposed in the framework of this project.
- Solar thermal development is generally not a
national priority (in particular compared to - Professionals’ reluctance can also be linked to a
biomass) and incentives for power generation global lack of reliable data about energy and
are more developed. However, the attendees domestic hot water consumptions in buildings
were quite optimistic about the solar thermal (even public ones), the real performances of the
potential market as it starts to grow anew, even existing systems and accurate weather data. The
without state subsidies, in a context of increasing GSR implementation will contribute to gather
energy prices. data from the field and will encourage having
national dedicated databases.
- This achievement is particularly true in the
hotel sector as well as in some specific areas like - Finally, municipalities and local authorities
elderly homes in Slovenia. were under-represented during those meetings
although it was one of the main target groups
- Subsidy schemes will be decisive to allow the and that they had been invited. This may
take-off of the national markets as solar thermal evidence a lack of concern, probably linked to a
still struggles to be competitive, especially lack of awareness.
compared to district heating cheap prices.
In conclusion, the national sessions were very
- There is a lack of visibility about the support pro-active and productive. It also allowed
schemes for solar thermal in the medium term creating new partnerships between the local
(except in Romania where a new scheme with consortium partners and key actors of the solar
dedicated budget has been announced). thermal market development. This is very
Moreover, the existing subsidy schemes are positive for the future and will allow the project
often complex or at least not systematized for to have an important impact after its official
large-scale systems and the attribution criterions completion.
are often vague. The implementation of the GSR
could be one of the established pre-requisites.
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Final Public report - 61 - December 2008
Solar thermal Applications in Eastern
Europe with Guaranteed Solar Results
Other dissemination initiatives
Apart from those national meetings, a particular attention was put on the communication about
the project at the international and national levels.
At international level, the project approach and outputs have been presented in various high
level events:
- The Great Wall World Renewable Energy Forum and Exhibition held in Beijing, China, in October
2006;
- The Estec 2007 conference (Freiburg, Germany), which is one of the greatest events about solar
thermal, in June 2007;
- The Energaïa international exhibition about renewables in Montpellier, France, in December 2007;
- The Solarpraxis Forum in Berlin, Germany, in November 2008;
- The CEE Solar conference focusing on Central and Southern European markets, in November 2008 in
Athens, Greece.
Beyond the high attendance of those events, the presentations were widely disseminated through
publications in the proceedings.
The project was also presented in international diffusion publications such as Sun and Wind Energy or
Les Dossiers Européens magazines.
At the European level, the project has been selected as a partner of the Sustainable
Energy Europe Campaign which gives visibility to the high potential projects
through networking activities.
In the framework of the project, a dedicated website has
also been created. All the documents produced during the
project are available on this website. There can also be
found the telemonitoring data from the pilot sites which
will be accessible and updated until 2011. The address of
the East-GSR website is the following:
www.solareast-gsr.net
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Final Public report - 62 - December 2008
Solar thermal Applications in Eastern
Europe with Guaranteed Solar Results
Last but not least, the Eastern European partners have actively promoted the project at the
national level through publications, presentations in national conferences, stands and posters in fairs,
etc. Their involvement has been decisive in the dissemination of the GSR approach.
Example of Slovak publications: TZB and Dom a byvanie magazines
Papers in Polish expert magazines EGES Slovene magasine
Participating in fairs and exhibitions: here the University of Ljubljana stand during a Slovene event
and the project poster in Estec 2007
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Final Public report - 63 - December 2008
Solar thermal Applications in Eastern
Europe with Guaranteed Solar Results
Proposing pre-feasibility studies: first results
In order to help and emphasise the GSR concept dissemination towards all stakeholders, and
mainly promoters and financing institutions, pre-feasibility studies were conducted on new potential
sites to be equipped. Such studies objective was to identify and quantify precisely future potential
investments in order to help the decision process.
As expected, at least two pre-feasibility studies per country have been led in the framework of the
project on high DHW consumption sites (housing, tourism and health sectors). In order to increase
national knowledge, these studies have been conducted by the national partners with the support of
TECSOL who was in charge of training the national staff in view for them to be able to realise the pre-
feasibility studies. Indeed, the first feasibility study was conducted by TECSOL in close cooperation
with national experts for capacity building purpose and the following feasibility studies were realised
by the national teams with TECSOL support when needed.
The objective was also to select potential sites as demonstrative as possible in order to allow a
wide replication. It was also decisive that the project had good chances to get concretely realised in
short time period and owner or project leader motivation was a decisive selection criterion.
Each feasibility report has included the following elements:
- Evaluation of hot water needs
- Implementation constraints in the building (solar collectors and technical room)
- Sizing and design of the hydraulic circuit
- Economic study (comparison between energy prices and system installation prices, existing
funding, expected pay-back time)
The price of the GSR contract (mainly the telemonitoring system and follow-up) implementation has
been included in those pre-feasibility studies.
Of course, the final decision for a concrete implementation will relay on the owner’s decision
based on both technical and economical pre-feasibility study results. However, we are confident that
those initiatives will lead to concrete realisations as in the case of Prešov city, in Slovakia.
It is to say that in addition to the pre-feasibility studies, and in order to encourage as concretely
as possible investment, the pre-feasibility reports have been presented to potential investors (public
funds, banking sector). The objective here was to help the owner to be able to negotiate concretely the
financing of his installation while promoting the GSR approach among potential financers which,
indeed, have expressed interest for such a guarantee mechanism which reduces the investment risk.
Finally, the pre-feasibility reports have also been disseminated among other potential investors
such as real estate promoters, public housing institutions, etc. in order to support the GSR approach
promotion with concrete arguments.
In this report are briefly presented as examples the main results of three pre-feasibility studies
that have been led in the framework of the East-GSR project. All pre-feasibility detailed reports are
available on the project website.
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Final Public report - 64 - December 2008
Solar thermal Applications in Eastern
Europe with Guaranteed Solar Results
Apartment building, Sofia, Bulgaria
Type of building: 18 flats, 3 offices/shops
5 floors Mr. Svetozar Andonov,
Boiler type: Natural gas investor of this multi-
(used as auxiliary hot water production) family building,
Pavlovo, Sofia, Bulgaria.
E-mail: zak_in@abv.bg
“I am convinced that solar
energy is profitable for the
production of DHW in multi-family
buildings, especially when there is no district
heating network and DHW is produced with
natural gas or electricity. It is very important
to foresee the implementation of solar thermal
system still at the design stage. Then, the
system will be the most appropriated and its
cost will be lower. Moreover, the individual
tenants and owners of flats will have DHW
from the solar collectors since the beginning
of the exploitation of the building. The Sofia
Energy Centre introduced to me the East-GSR
project. The project is very interesting as it is
based on the quality approach and the GSR
concept ensures high quality of the system
and easier access to bank loans.”
In red: best places for collectors (South orientated)
Collector Storage Annual solar Annual Solar contribution (%) Solar Annual CO2
area volume contribution productivity project savings avoided
global cost
EUR Tons/
m² Litres kWh/year kWh/m²/year mini annual maxi EUR
(excl. tax) year
50,6 3 500 28 200 560 13,5 37 65,2 25 000 2 055 7
Cost of the system Cost (EUR)
(excl. tax)
Solar hot water system 22 450
Telemonitoring 1 800
Engineering 750
Total 25 000
According to the current price of natural gas (which is here the conventional water heating source), it
has been estimated that the payback time of the system is approximately 10 years. However,
variations of the financial parameters of the system can lead to substantial changes in the payback
time and the related return on the investment made. It is also to be noted that a doubling of natural
gas prices in the near future has been announced in Bulgaria which would make the installation of a
solar system certainly very attractive in the long run (pay back time around 5 years).
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Final Public report - 65 - December 2008
Solar thermal Applications in Eastern
Europe with Guaranteed Solar Results
Rest home, Prešov, Slovakia
Type of building: Rest home
Number of occupants: Staff: 69
Residents: 150
Equipments using the domestic water:
- 100 bathrooms
- 2 laundries,
- 4 Dishwashers
Boiler type: central heating with natural gas
The rest home consists in 4 buildings with
horizontal terraces roofs.
The collectors will be installed on the two largest
buildings, close to the technical premises.
The domestic hot water consumption was evaluated as follow:
Number of people Consumption
Consumption
(week) (liter/day)
Dormitories (without
20l/day/person 219 12 500
laundry and restaurant)
Breakfast 2l/meal 150 300
Lunch 3l/meal 219 657
Dinner 3l/meal 150 450
Total 14 000 l/day
Collector Storage Annual solar Annual Solar contribution (%)
area volume contribution productivity
m² Litres kWh/year kWh/m²/year mini annual maxi
134 2X2 000 78 656 587 9,1 28,9 48,4
Solar project Maintenance Total Annual Residual costs Savings CO2
global cost after GSR Investment for savings after 20 years avoided
20 years
EUR EUR EUR EUR
EUR EUR Tons/year
(incl. tax) (incl. tax) (incl. tax) (incl. tax)
80 400* 5 260 85 660 3 655 12 560 73 100 24,64
*This installation could be partly financed by EU structural funds (up to 50%).
Cost of the system Cost (EUR)
(incl. tax)
Solar hot water system 68 000
Telemonitoring (including performance 3 000
monitoring during 5 years)
Engineering 9 400
Total 80 400
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Final Public report - 66 - December 2008
Solar thermal Applications in Eastern
Europe with Guaranteed Solar Results
Elderly home, Impoljca, Slovenia
Type of building: Elderly home
Number of beds: 260 in total but 190 to be
supplied by the solar system
Equipments using the domestic water:
Bathrooms, kitchen, laundry
Boiler: oil heating system
The building heating system will be renovated in
2009
Available area for collectors
The domestic hot water consumption was evaluated to 6 000 Litres per day on the whole year.
Collector Storage Annual solar Annual Solar contribution (%) Solar Annual CO2
area volume contribution productivity project savings avoided
global cost
EUR Tons/
m² Litres kWh/year kWh/m²/year mini annual maxi EUR
(incl. tax) year
105,6 4 500 65 600 622 19,1 56,6 86,8 70 000 5 880 22,2
Cost of the system Cost (EUR)
(incl. tax)
Solar hot water system 66 000
Telemonitoring (including performance 1 800
monitoring during 5 years)
Engineering 2 200
Total 70 000
140000
cumulative cash flow (€)
120000
The pay-back time of this system has been 100000
evaluated to 12 years. 80000
60000
The following assumptions have been taken into 40000
account: 20000
0
- yearly maintenance costs for solar system: 0.5%
-20000 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
- interest rate of the loan: 3.9 %
-40000
- yearly oil price increase: 5%
-60000
-80000
years
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Final Public report - 67 - December 2008
Solar thermal Applications in Eastern
Europe with Guaranteed Solar Results
Creating partnerships
From all that dissemination activities have born promising partnerships and contacts that will
surely have positive consequences on the national solar thermal market. Some are presented in this
section and we hope that many more will be established in the coming months now that the East-GSR
project has launch a dynamic regarding quality systems promotion and awareness raising.
In Bulgaria, the absence of professionals (up to 90%) seems to have a rather negative
association has been identified as a barrier to the impact on the quality of the systems. As a matter
market development. That is why the national of fact, as the pay-back period is no more a main
session was organised by the Sofia Energy concern, installers are not encouraged to focus
Centre (SEC) with the association of producers on the quality and profitability of the systems. In
of ecological energy (APEE) and that its fact, the telemonitoring of the pilot site has
president attended the meeting. Until now, this demonstrated that the system could have been
association only gathers producers of green much more efficient with a more careful sizing.
electricity. However, it is now envisaged to That is why the Polish National Conservation
include solar thermal within their activities Agency (KAPE) is in close contact with the
which would give the professionals of the field funding institutions. For instance, the Ecofund,
more visibility and a reference structure. one of the main subsidy providers for renewable
Another assessment is that the Bulgarian energy projects in Poland, will have to be soon
market is not enough mature for a performance renegotiated for the period after 2010. As their
guarantee to be proposed as a commercial offer. representatives have expressed their willingness
As a matter of fact, the investors still lack of to include the GSR contract as a pre-requisite for
information and the professionals are not ready subsidies, this is a very serious perspective for
to commit themselves (uncertainties about solar GSR implementation in Poland. Besides, more
radiation, lack of focus on DHW consumption, and more support mechanisms are implemented
etc.). As a consequence, the Sofia Energy Centre at the local level by local authorities, which is
is in close contact with banks and environmental also a positive evolution for the further
funds which, as financers, can ask for such a development of the field.
guarantee and thus help to promote performing Besides, as it as already been mentioned,
systems. SEC is for instance in close contact with KAPE has also started a partnership with the
the Ministry of Industry and Energy for the Central Statistic Office in order to develop
inclusion of the GSR as a prerequisite in subsidy reliable data about the national solar thermal
schemes. As an example, the Rural Development market.
Programme recently adopted, and which gives
access to 100% investment subsidies for RES In Romania, The solar thermal market is just
projects on state or municipality buildings as starting to grow anew, mostly in the hotel sector
well as 70% for companies, could offer on the southern part of the Black Sea coast which
opportunities for GSR projects. is not connected to a natural gas district heating
network. At the moment, the opportunities for
In Poland, the problematic is quite similar as the GSR concept promotion are relatively
it appeared that the most efficient way to limited, even though one of the main real estate
promote a quality approach such as the GSR investor in Romania spontaneously contacted
contract is through the funding institutions. In the Oscar Von Miller Institute (OVM-
fact, those funds are really interested in such an ICCPET) in order to evaluate the possibility to
approach as, paradoxically, the high level of include large solar thermal systems with GSR in
subsidies for large scale solar thermal systems
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Final Public report - 68 - December 2008
Solar thermal Applications in Eastern
Europe with Guaranteed Solar Results
some of its new projects. However, this situation
should change with the implementation of the
already mentioned new subsidy scheme which,
from 2009, will give access to up to 90% of
investment costs subsidies under a 7 000 EUR SIEA testimony on promoting the GSR contract
limit for individuals and up to 50% under 50 000 among the banking sector
for companies. The East-GSR project was
“Banks generally are interested into the RES
implemented in a decisive period as the quality
financing. As there are Structural Funds
issue is always a main concern in a fast growing
available in Slovakia, most of the banks are
market and will condition its sustainability.
asked for co-financing. This is a possibility for
large scale solar thermal installations too. They
In Slovakia, the situation is quite different
already have RES projects in their loan portfolio
from Bulgaria and Poland as it seems that some
and most of them developed special credit offers
professionals of the solar thermal sector are
for different interested groups – municipalities,
eager to promote the GSR contract on a
companies, EU funding co-financing, etc.
voluntary base as they see it as a marketing tool
which will help them promote quality systems Some of the bank packages offer preferential
and compete with cheaper offers which may not loans with lower interest rates or longer loan
guarantee equal performances in the medium duration. Their willingness to finance certain
term. In particular, the main local producer of share (level) of the investment depends on many
solar collectors, which is the supplier of the pilot factors (EU funding level, total investment level,
site system as expressed his willingness to financial crisis). We already experienced that
promote the GSR quality approach. loans are more expensive than few months ago
On the other hand, the Slovak Innovation due to the world financial crisis.
and Energy Agency (SIEA) is conscious that it is Concerning the willingness to finance large scale
also necessary to foster the demand on the solar thermal projects, banks are open to this
investors’ side. That is why SIEA, through its idea and bless the GSR contract. For them the
activities, actively encourages the investors to contract guarantees a certain pay-back time and
ask for a GSR contract in order to secure their a better financial balance. Therefore clients with
investment. As an example of their first such a contract will be less vulnerable to the
achievements, following the national session market development. Banks expressed their
organised in June 2008, the local government of interest in the feasibility studies we propose.
Prešov city which has a 134 m² project on a These studies should serve as the main source of
retirement house, has asked to its supplier for a information for banks when providing the loan.
GSR contract. At the moment, the share of The opinion of banks was that the initiative with
responsibilities is being negotiated between the the GSR contract should come from the
members of the technical pool. It is also expected customers, because they are interested in a
that the GSR contract may facilitate the access to preferential loan.
structural funds support for this project which
would be a very good showcase for large solar (…) The GSR concept was new to most of the
thermal systems and GSR. banks (except the Dexia Bank), but they consider
SIEA also largely promotes the GSR concept it as a tool which can help in providing
among the banking sector. The Dexia bank was necessary investments for the projects.”
represented during the national session and
information about the GSR contract has been
provided to several others potential financers.
As a conclusion, in Slovakia, the synergy of
interests between suppliers and investors is very
promising for the future of the GSR.
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Final Public report - 69 - December 2008
Solar thermal Applications in Eastern
Europe with Guaranteed Solar Results
In Slovenia, the professionals of the field are
still quite reluctant to implement/promote the Aljoša Pajk, director of PSP
GSR scheme because of their involved d.o.o. Slovene company
responsibility in case of non commitment to the
contract. However, it is no doubt that the GSR is I believe, that East-GSR
a useful methodology which will help to make project is useful and above all
the systems operation more transparent thanks necessary. In energy
to telemonitoring and to encourage professionals inspections, which I elaborate
to pay more attention to the DHW demand for Association of elderly homes and also other
during the design phase. This is why it is buildings, I encounter exactly the same
promoted by the University of Ljubljana through problems that are being solved in East-GSR
various proposals presented to the government project. In existing solar systems, their operation
in order to include the GSR contract in the is in general unknown to owner, neither to
subsidy schemes. system operator, but they all stress that they
The University of Ljubljana is also targeting would like to know system operation or systems
the solar thermal professionals and that is why it impact, for example: how much heat is
was decided to organise the networking session produced by the solar system, is it operating
in cooperation with the Slovene Solar Thermal properly and similar questions. With recently
Technology Platform. build systems, the problem is that the contact
On the investors side the University of between the installer and the owner does not last
Ljubljana is in close contact with the Public after the system is installed. All mentioned
Housing Fund of the Municipality of Ljubljana problems, which I encountered in my field work,
(the biggest investor in real estate in Slovenia). are being solved in this European project. I will
Another promising potential market is the therefore try to introduce the concept of
elderly homes represented through the guaranteed heat supply in all new solar systems
Association of Slovenian social institutions (78 that will be installed in existing buildings energy
members). They are addressed through the PSP retrofit. As an example, in the coming months,
d.o.o. company which has a contract with them systems on the following elderly homes will be
for the execution of energy audits and is installed: Gradišče, Impoljca and Brežice.
promoting the GSR contract.
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Final Public report - 70 - December 2008
Solar thermal Applications in Eastern
Europe with Guaranteed Solar Results
To conclude…
The partners talk about the East-GSR project
Conclusions and perspectives
Contacts
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Final Public report - 71 - December 2008
Solar thermal Applications in Eastern
Europe with Guaranteed Solar Results
Partners talk about the East-GSR project
Prof. Saso MEDVED - During last three years we have learned that
University of Ljubljana – there is still a great need for education of
Faculty of Mechanical professionals. In the national seminar and many
Engineering, Slovenia other presentations of the East-GSR project
everyone agreed that instantaneous access to
In the past there were many large solar thermal systems operation data is crucial.
scale solar thermal systems in
Slovenia. The majority of them showed This led us to establish the national pilot project
problems with durability and low quality of the web page with specific on-line data about pilot
installed equipments. As a result, only few project operation. We also found out that the
systems installed in that time remain in best way to increase solar thermal system
operation. market is transfer of information to the leaders
of interest groups; for example associations of
Two conclusions can be drawn from that: the social institutions.
quality of solar systems should guarantee long
life operation and secondly the investors trust in We got to know the guaranteed solar results
solar thermal systems must be regained. We are concept and presented it to important national
pleased to say that East-GSR project came stakeholders of the solar thermal market. We
exactly at the right moment – in time of shall propose GSR contract in all feasibility
Slovenian solar thermal market boost. studies for large solar heating systems that will
be elaborated by us in the future. We expect
Unfortunately solar thermal market only fruitful cooperation with association of social
depends at the moment on small tap water institutions, majority of which will be retrofitted
heating systems. If national target is to be in the near future. In the legislative field our
achieved, renewed market for large solar further activities will be focused on integrating
systems will need to be set up. This includes the GSR concept in the national subsidy scheme
knowledge transfer to professionals, investors for large solar thermal systems.
and suppliers. Yet this is another reason why the
East-GSR project was of high importance for us. Advocating solar thermal systems is much easier
with a GSR contract procedure and results are
presented to potential investors.
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Final Public report - 73 - December 2008
Solar thermal Applications in Eastern
Europe with Guaranteed Solar Results
Pavel Starinsky adoption of the GSR concept and its utilisation
and Peter Sevce for their promotion.
Slovak Innovation and Energy Therefore we can positively appraise the seminar
Agency (SIEA) held in June 2008 in Bratislava. It was the
opportunity to talk about the details and to
Slovakia has a large potential for explain the main characteristics of the solar heat
renewable energy sources. There delivery through the GSR. As a consequence we
are already existing financial got positive feedback from the majority of
support instruments for large participants and the municipality of Prešov city
RES installations, which are decided to use the GSR contract for the elderly
combined with the feed-in tariffs house reconstruction including solar collectors
system. installation. The supplier of the solar collectors is
also interested in this concept and is very helpful
In order to achieve the commitments and targets during the project preparation. He considers it as
set by the EU, ordinary people have to contribute a particular advantage on the competitive
with their part too. As there are not sufficient market and if the pilot site in Prešov will be
support instruments for them, the GSR concept successful, the GSR concept will be offered to
is a very good opportunity to provide people other customers as well.
with more trust into the solar energy and to
create a good demand for solar thermal Positively considered is the real measuring of the
collectors on our market. project pilot site. During the seminar people
could see and touch with the hands the
After the industry, households are on the second monitoring system with the solar collectors. We
place in the energy consumption chart in ensured a good publicity to the project which is
Slovakia. Energy for the domestic hot water evaluated through the interest and visits of many
preparation consumes a large share of it. GSR people. Local TV and local and national
concept can help to contribute to the existing newspapers already presented the project pilot
schemes and boost the solar thermal market. site in Sala as a very successful dwelling house
These are the motivations which stand behind where people are aware of the solar energy
the positive consideration of the SIEA’s benefits.
participation in the East-GSR project.
GSR is a concept which helps to stress the
In order to achieve better and direct results, we importance of individual approach toward the
established a communication with the main sustainable energy future, because it gives the
stakeholders, installers, solar thermal collector guarantee of the solar production. GSR concept
producers and the municipalities. The first is a good tool for gaining confidence of solar
feedback was not positive, because they were thermal systems among both main stakeholders
curious how we can guarantee the solar energy and general public as well as for improving our
production. Only two (but important) solar market concerning collective solar thermal
collector producers considered it as a reasonable systems.
concept. With their help we conducted the main
part of the Slovak deliverables. Other The intention of the SIEA is to continue with the
stakeholders changed their mind step by step project promotion in the future and to maintain
and have recognised the opportunity in the and publish the results received from the pilot
site.
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Final Public report - 74 - December 2008
Solar thermal Applications in Eastern
Europe with Guaranteed Solar Results
Moreover the number of distributors of foreign
manufacturers systematically increases.
Rysard Wnuk According to this fact we can say that there is a
and Pawel Choromanski strong competition between solar producers on
the national market. It gives a real opportunity
National Polish Energy for a successful implementation of the GSR
Conservation Agency (KAPE) contract as a marketing tool. Investors can
choose a better installer who guarantees solar
From the project’s analysis of results.
national solar thermal market we In order to stimulate the Polish market, the
can conclude that the Polish government should subsidize solar thermal
market appears now as a dynamic investments (even for single family houses) and
and evolving market. In the last 6 develop a support system for national
years we can observe a significant manufacturers. In case there won’t be sufficient
growth of installed solar support instruments, the GSR charter would be
collectors’ area in Poland. Only in a very good opportunity to provide potential
2007, 67 100 m2 of solar collectors were installed. investors with more trust into the solar energy
The estimated total installed area equals almost and to create a good demand for solar collectors
235 000 m2, which represents an annual solar on the Polish market. The GSR approach would
thermal energy production around 330 TJ. really help to have a better understanding of the
Nevertheless it is important to emphasize that technical and economic characteristics of the
there is still a large imbalance between the Polish large solar thermal systems. It would
national market and countries with the best highly contribute to a learning process and an
developed solar thermal market in the EU improved quality of the systems.
(Germany, Austria, France, Greece…). When we Facing this situation, the funding institutions are
compare data concerning solar thermal capacity the most appropriated actors to promote a GSR
per inhabitant in 2007, Poland is located on a approach, it is to say quality control and
distant 19th place, with 6,1 m2 of solar collectors performance guarantee. By conditioning the
per 1000 inhabitant. So there is still a huge access to subsidies to a GSR contract they may
potential to develop a more balanced market. have a better control of the public money use
This is the main reason why KAPE participated and the general quality of the systems should
in the East-GSR project. We know how much it improve significantly. It would also encourage
can be done to improve quality and performance the professionals to use more rational tools for
of solar systems. One of the main barriers to design, sizing and economic calculations of the
overcome is the level of knowledge about the systems.
real performances of the existing systems which Ecofund has expressed its high interest towards
appears nowadays to be rather low. The East- the GSR concept and will advocate in favour of
GSR project assumes as a background the implementing compulsory GSR contract as a
general quality of the systems. It emphasizes the condition for the access to subsidies. Actually,
importance of using a telemonitoring system the deadline for the last call for tender of the
that collects real data from the existing systems. fund was in June 2008. However, this subsidy
This is the easiest way to learn how to design scheme may be renewed or replaced and this
more efficient solar systems. transition phase will be a good opportunity to
Year by year the national market develops more include a compulsory GSR contract to have
and more, so as national companies involved in access to the new funds.
solar thermal (manufacturers, distributors, KAPE will disseminate the project after its end
installers and consulting companies). The by maintaining and publishing results received
biggest manufacturers develop faster than the from the pilot site in Busko – Zdroj.
others due to a certain position on the market
and exportations to European Union countries.
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Final Public report - 75 - December 2008
Solar thermal Applications in Eastern
Europe with Guaranteed Solar Results
Charlotte Colleu
Stéphane Pouffary Project Officer- ADEME
Head of the International Expertise
in Energy Management Unit ADEME has initiated the East-
ADEME GSR project in order to share
Project coordinator with new European member
states a French successful quality approach, the
A performance guarantee Guaranteed Solar Results. This approach has
approach is essential to develop high been one of the tools that have enabled the
environmental quality technologies and to French solar thermal market for large systems to
support market development. Such approach become one of the most dynamic at the
encourages quality systems which is particularly European level thanks to high performance
important for high visibility realisations as large systems and highly competent professionals.
scale solar thermal ones. This is all the more true More than square meters, produced
in new markets in which any counter kilowatt-hours really matter. Since the GSR was
performance can break the development first initiated in the late 1980’s, performance-
dynamic and the investors’ confidence. oriented schemes such as white certificates or
By the past, France and some EU countries solar obligations have been implemented and
have faced such difficulties. For France, have comforted us about the future of such a
professionals and ADEME have decided in the tool. As a matter of fact, what is the sense of
1980’s to develop the Guaranteed Solar Result those mechanisms if their real impact is not
(GSR) scheme to promote performance assessed? The European 3x20 target, the Kyoto
guarantee approach in large-scale installations. commitments and, beyond those commitments,
Gathering all concerned stakeholders, this the urgency of dealing with climate change and
approach has raised interest on collective energy security cannot allow low performances.
installations and has secured the development of Kilowhatt-hours are an objective and efficiency
the market. Even if now the initial scheme has should drive all actions.
evolved, this contract is still a pre-requisite to That is why, from 1999, French public
have access to some subsidies. subsidies for large-scale solar thermal systems
As performance guarantee approach is were conditioned to the implementation of a
definitely a great tool to support market GSR contract. This is also why ADEME will now
development, we have by the past disseminated have the responsibility to manage a “Heat fund”
this approach outside Europe through the EU that will calibrate its support to the real energy
MEDA co-funded « Applications of Solar production of the RES systems for heating.
Thermal Energy in the Mediterranean Basin» In order to have a strategic vision of solar
(ASTEMB) project in Southern and Eastern thermal development, it is also particularly
Mediterranean countries. important to now how the systems are behaving,
Going back to Eastern European what they really produce, how they can be
countries, the challenge to develop high improved and what the Research and
environmental quality equipments and Development perspectives are. Monitoring,
installations is also of the utmost importance as which is central in the framework of GSR
they will have to fulfil European objectives. This contracts, is a great source of information for
concern was at the origin of the East-GSR project energy agencies as well as for the professionals
and now, after three years working together, we of the field, not talking about the end-users.
are really satisfied that project results are That is why performance guarantee must be
contributing to the market development of the encouraged: it helps targeting the efforts in an
five concerned countries. efficient way. It helps moving towards a more
sustainable future where environmental
performance drives economic efficiency for the
benefit of all.
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Final Public report - 76 - December 2008
Solar thermal Applications in Eastern
Europe with Guaranteed Solar Results
Conclusions and perspectives
During three years, the European East-GSR project, co-financed by the European commission
and coordinated by ADEME, has promoted performance guarantee for large scale solar thermal
systems through the Guaranteed Solar Results (GSR) contract example in Bulgaria, Poland, Romania,
Slovakia and Slovenia.
The project has fostered active knowledge transfer and best practices exchanges about the
GSR itself but also numerous related topics. The national meetings organised in each country were
particularly representative of the market potential. Encouraging a performance guarantee approach
will also allow tackling a broad range of related issues:
- Importance of quality equipments and necessity to develop testing facilities and quality labels,
- Need to use recognised and appropriated sizing methods and software to propose highly
efficient and profitable systems taking into account the domestic hot water consumptions,
- Need to have access to reliable weather data,
- Need not to underestimate maintenance aspects,
- Need to promote performance monitoring,
- Opportunity to take into account guarantee performance results into financial bank tools,
- Opportunity to implement efficient and result-oriented subsidy schemes, etc.
This global approach was indeed very interesting at a moment when the solar thermal market
starts to grow in Eastern Europe, driven by raising energy prices and ambitious European policy
targets. The project has given some tools to overcome the existing barriers but has also pointed out
several actions that still have to be led in order to create a favourable framework for solar thermal
market development. Finally, it fostered a dialogue between the different stakeholders of the market
and we have no doubt that such exchanges will continue.
As a conclusion, the performance guarantee has the advantage to be a win-win approach
which can be promoted by professionals proposing quality services, financers that want to secure their
investments or loans, institutions that want to promote efficient support measures and clients who
need guarantees in a developing market. Of course, specific campaigns should now be implemented
in order to target different kind of actors (municipalities, tourism sector, banks, etc.). However this
conjunction of interests is clearly an opportunity which allows all concerned stakeholders to answer
their own concern.
Beyond the promising dynamic that the East-GSR project has contributed to impulse, it has
also be the opportunity to develop training and demonstration tools that will remain available.
Without being exhaustive, we can mention the template of the GSR contract adapted to the five
national legal frameworks, a professional handbook for the design of large solar thermal systems, a
telemonitoring handbook, pre-feasibility studies examples, online data of the telemonitored pilot sites,
etc. All those documents are available on the project website (www.solareast-gsr.net) as well as other
useful information such as partners’ contacts or the SOLO sizing software with some Eastern
European weather data.
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Solar thermal Applications in Eastern
Europe with Guaranteed Solar Results
Moreover, even if the East-GSR project has been concluded on December 2008, the
dissemination and implementation of the performance guarantee concept in the target partner
countries will have to continue. That is why we would like to encourage all the interested actors to
contact the national partners in order to have more information or materials about the GSR approach.
All contacts are provided in the next pages and we all hope that this project will contribute to the
expected successful solar thermal story in the Eastern European countries.
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Final Public report - 79 - December 2008
Solar thermal Applications in Eastern
Europe with Guaranteed Solar Results
Contacts
ADEME - French Environment and Energy Management Agency
COORDINATOR
@: stephane.pouffary@ademe.fr 500 route des Lucioles
Stéphane Tel: +33 (0) 4 93 95 79 55 06560 – Valbonne
POUFFARY Fax: +33 (0) 4 93 65 31 96 FRANCE
Arsenal Research
@:gundula.tschernigg@arsenal.ac.at Giefinggasse 2
Gundula Tel: +43.50.550.63.74 1210 Wien
TSCHERNIGG Fax: +43.50.550.63.90 AUSTRIA
CRES - Centre for Renewable Energy Sources
Markos @: mdamas@cres.gr 19TH Klm Marathonos Av
DAMASIOTIS @: agoumas@cres.gr 19009 Pikermi
Tel:+30.210.66.07.300 GREECE
Angelos Fax: +30.210.660.33.01/2
GOUMAS
DENA - German Energy Agency
@: altevogt@dena.de Chausseestr. 128a
Jens Tel: +49.30.726.16.56.86 10115 Berlin
ALTEVOGT Fax: +49.30.726.16.56.99 GERMANY
KAPE - Polish National Energy Conservation Agency
Ryszard @: rwnuk@kape.gov.pl Mokotowska street 35
WNUK @:pchoromanski@kape.gov.pl 00 560 Warsaw
Tel: +48.22.696.89.55/56 POLAND
Pawel
Fax: +48.22.626.09.11
CHOROMANSKI
OVM-ICCPET - Oscar Von Miller – Institut de Conceptie, Cercetare si
proiectare Echipmente Termoenergetice
Simona @: ciortescu @ovm-iccpet.ro 266-268 Calea Rahovei Str.,
CIORTESCU @: flueraru@ovm-iccpet.ro R-050912, Bucharest
Tel: +4021 405 7767 ROMANIA
Catalin
Fax: +4021 405 7777
FLUERARU
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Final Public report - 80 - December 2008
Solar thermal Applications in Eastern
Europe with Guaranteed Solar Results
SEC - Sofia Energy Centre
Violetta @: estoykova@sec.bg 37 Galitchitsa Str.
GROSEVA @: vgroseva@sec.bg 1164 Sofia
Tel: +359.2.962.84.43 BULGARIA
Evelina Fax: +359.2.962.84.47
STOYKOVA
SIEA - Slovak Innovation and Energy Agency
@: pavel.starinsky@sea.gov.sk Bajkalska 27
Pavel
STARINSKY Tel: +421.2.582.482.05 827 09 Bratislava 2
Fax: +421.2.534.210.19 SLOVAKIA
TECSOL – Engineering office
105, rue Alfred Kastler
Jean-Yves @: jyq@tecsol.fr
BP 434
QUINETTE Tel: +33.(0)4.68.68.16.34
66004 Perpignan
Fax: +33.(0)4.68.68.16.41
FRANCE
University of Ljubljana – Faculty of Mechanical Engineering
Prof. Saso @: saso.medved@fs.uni-lj.si Askerceva 6
MEDVED @: jure.vetrsek@fs.uni-lj.si 1000 Ljubljana
Tel: +38.61.477.12.37/38 SLOVENIA
Jure
Fax: +38.61.251.85.67
VETRSEK
www.solareast-gsr.net
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Final Public report - 81 - December 2008
www.solareast-gsr.net