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Medical Consequences of Alcohol and Drug Use Disorders[1]

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Shared by: James Baker
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Medical Consequences of Alcohol and Drug Use Disorders Eric B. Raimo, M.D. Copyright Alcohol Medical Scholars Program 1 www.alcoholmedicalscholars.org Copyright Alcohol Medical Scholars Program 2 Overview • Acute effects • Chronic heavy use • Withdrawal Copyright Alcohol Medical Scholars Program 3 Epidemiology • 20-40% hospital admissions • Outpatient setting • 100,000 deaths per year • Alcoholics who continue drinking have a shortened life-span of 15 years Copyright Alcohol Medical Scholars Program 4 Acute Effects • CNS – accidents • Gastrointestinal • Respiratory – overdose Copyright Alcohol Medical Scholars Program 5 Overview • Acute effects • Chronic heavy use • Withdrawal Copyright Alcohol Medical Scholars Program 6 Effects of Chronic Heavy Drinking • CNS – Neuropathies – Cerebellar degeneration – Dementia – Wernicke-Korsakoff’s syndrome Copyright Alcohol Medical Scholars Program 7 Effects of Chronic Heavy Drinking • Gastrointestinal – Alimentary/stomach – Liver – Pancreas • Cardiovascular – Hypertension – Cardiomyopathy – Stroke Copyright Alcohol Medical Scholars Program 8 Effects of Chronic Heavy Drinking • Reproductive Copyright Alcohol Medical Scholars Program 9 Effects of Chronic Heavy Drinking • Hematologic • Musculoskeletal • Endocrine • Dermatologic Copyright Alcohol Medical Scholars Program 10 Biological Markers of Chronic Heavy Drinking • GGT (>30) • CDT (>20) • MCV (>90) • AST/ALT Copyright Alcohol Medical Scholars Program 11 Overview • Acute effects • Chronic heavy use • Withdrawal Copyright Alcohol Medical Scholars Program 12 Withdrawal Effects • Rule of thumb: –Withdrawal effects are opposite of intoxication sx/signs • Alcohol withdrawal Copyright Alcohol Medical Scholars Program 13 Alcohol-Drug Interactions • Illicit drugs (e.g., cocaine, heroin) • Prescription drugs (e.g., benzodiazepines, metronidazole) • Over-the-counter drugs (e.g., acetaminophen) Copyright Alcohol Medical Scholars Program Rx 14 Fetal Alcohol Syndrome • Growth retardation • Facial dysmorphism • Severe CNS dysfunction Copyright Alcohol Medical Scholars Program 15 Moderate Alcohol Use • Cardiovascular • Gallstones • Other potential beneficial effects Copyright Alcohol Medical Scholars Program 16 Summary • Alcohol can be medically hazardous acutely, with chronic high levels of use, and in withdrawal • Every major organ system is affected • Morbidity and mortality Copyright Alcohol Medical Scholars Program 17 Marijuana • Motor vehicle accidents • Learning • Respiratory • Immune system Copyright Alcohol Medical Scholars Program 18 Stimulants (Cocaine and Amphetamine) • Cardiovascular • Neurological • Injection risks Copyright Alcohol Medical Scholars Program 19 Opioids • Overdose • Injection risks • Gastrointestinal • Musculoskeletal Copyright Alcohol Medical Scholars Program 20 Other Drugs • PCP • Inhalants Copyright Alcohol Medical Scholars Program 21 Summary • Alcohol and drugs of abuse are physically hazardous • Medical consequences are associated intoxication, chronic heavy use, and withdrawal • Specific drugs affect major organ systems differently • Morbidity and mortality Copyright Alcohol Medical Scholars Program 22
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