Selected Findings from the 2007 AcademyHealth Salary Survey
AcademyHealth 2007 Annual Research Meeting June 4, 2007
Jean Moore, Director Center for Health Workforce Studies School of Public Health, SUNY at Albany
http://chws.albany.edu
The Center for Health Workforce Studies
Based at the School of Public Health at SUNY Albany Conducts studies of the supply, demand, use and education of the health workforce
Committed to collecting and analyzing data to understand workforce dynamics and trends
Goal to inform public policies, the health and education sectors, and the public
Background
AcademyHealth conducted first salary survey of its members in 2002 The 2nd salary survey of AcademyHealth members was conducted in 2007 Opportunity to: Compare changes over the past 5 years
Learn more about factors that influence the members’ salaries
Response Rates, 2007
3,547 members as of February 1st 3,415 (96.3%) with valid e-mails on file 1,317 responses
38.6% Response Rate 37.1% of Membership
Center for Health Workforce Studies School of Public Health – University at Albany, SUNY June 2007
Respondents by Gender, 2007
Male 44% Female 56%
Center for Health Workforce Studies School of Public Health – University at Albany, SUNY June 2007
Respondents by Age, 2002 & 2007
40% 2007 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% < 25 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+
3.1% 2.8% 1.2% 0.7% 18.9% 16.9% 28.8% 27.0% 25.9% 23.4%
2002
35.0%
16.8%
Center for Health Workforce Studies School of Public Health – University at Albany, SUNY June 2007
Race/Ethnicity of 2007 Respondents Compared to the U.S. Population
90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0%
(n on -H
83.8% 66.9%
Respondents
U.S. population
12.8% 8.4%4.5% 3.4%
14.4% 2.1%
2.0% 1.5%
0.2% 1.0%
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Center for Health Workforce Studies School of Public Health – University at Albany, SUNY June 2007
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Regional Distribution of Respondents, 2002 and 2007
18% 16% 17% 16% 16% 16% 14% 14% 14% 2007 2002 13% 13% 11% 11% 12% 10%11% 10% 8% 6% 6% 6% 4% 4% 4% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 4% 2% 0%
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Center for Health Workforce Studies School of Public Health – University at Albany, SUNY June 2007
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2007 Respondents by Highest Degree Reported
Master's 23%
Doctorate 71%
Non-clinical 57%
Clinical 12% No advanced degree 5% Both 3%
Center for Health Workforce Studies School of Public Health – University at Albany, SUNY June 2007
Fields of Study for Master’s Degrees, 2007
Master's: 681/1317 (51.7%) Public Health (MPH) Health Administration (MHA) Public Policy (MPP) Business Administration (MBA) Economics Health Services Research Nursing (MSN) Epidemiology Other
Center for Health Workforce Studies School of Public Health – University at Albany, SUNY June 2007
Freq. 175 72 69 56 47 47 40 26 149
Percent 25.7% 10.6% 10.1% 8.2% 6.9% 6.9% 5.9% 3.8% 21.9%
Note: Reflects all master’s degrees, not only highest degree.
Fields of Study for Non-Clinical Doctorates, 2007
Non-Clin Doc: 754/1317 (57.3%) Frequency Health Services Research 192 Economics 124 Health Policy 77 Sociology 52 Psychology 49 Nursing 40 Public Health 34 Public Policy 27 Epidemiology 22 Other 158
Center for Health Workforce Studies School of Public Health – University at Albany, SUNY June 2007
Percent 25.5% 16.4% 10.2% 6.9% 6.5% 5.3% 4.5% 3.6% 2.9% 21.0%
Note: Reflects all non-clinical doctorates, including those held by respondents who also have a clinical doctorate.
Fields of Study for Clinical Doctorates, 2007
Clinical Doc: 180/1317 (13.7%) Internal Medicine Pediatrics Family Practice Medical subspecialty Other Frequency Percent 65 36.1% 26 14.4% 22 12.2% 13 7.2% 54 30.0%
Note: Reflects all clinical doctorates, including those held by respondents who also have a non-clinical doctorate.
Center for Health Workforce Studies School of Public Health – University at Albany, SUNY June 2007
Current Employment Setting
2007 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Academic Government Private 10% 10% 7% 49% 41% 34% 33% 56% 56% 2002 Membership
Center for Health Workforce Studies School of Public Health – University at Albany, SUNY June 2007
Median Salary of Respondents by Employment Setting, 2002 and 2007 (1,000s)
2007 $140 $120 $100 $80 $60 $40 $20 $0 Academic
Center for Health Workforce Studies School of Public Health – University at Albany, SUNY June 2007
2002 $120
$100
$92
$94
$89
$96
Government
Private
Growth in Earnings of Respondents (by Setting) Compared to All Workers
30% 25% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% Academic Government Private All Workers
2001-2006 Academy Health Members, 2002-2007
Center for Health Workforce Studies School of Public Health – University at Albany, SUNY June 2007
12% 9% 6%
Source for data on median earnings of all workers: US Bureau of Labor Statistics
Median Academic Salary by Title/Rank, 2007 ($1,000s)
180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 $83 $82 $103 $83 $70 $144 $157
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Center for Health Workforce Studies School of Public Health – University at Albany, SUNY June 2007
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Median Private Sector Salary by Setting ($1,000s)
160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 $148 $138 $135 $120 $110 $108 $105
Health Care Delivery Org
Health Policy Center
Pharmaceutical/ Biotech Industry
Research Org.
Consulting Firm
Health Plan/Insurer
Center for Health Workforce Studies School of Public Health – University at Albany, SUNY June 2007
Foundation
Private Sector Salary Growth Between 2002 and 2007
High salary growth
Health policy centers (+50%) Health care delivery organizations (+36%) Health plan/insurer (+27%) Foundations (+22%)
Consulting firms (+12%) Research organizations (+12%) Pharmaceutical/Biotech (+11%)
Moderate salary growth
Low salary growth
Center for Health Workforce Studies School of Public Health – University at Albany, SUNY June 2007
Median Salary by Highest Degree Attained and Employment Setting ($1,000s)
$250.0 $200.0 $150.0 $100.0 $50.0 $0.0 Masters Non-Clinical Doctorate Clinical Doctorate $90 $102 $82 $91 Government Private Academic $200
$140 $120 $95 $121
Center for Health Workforce Studies School of Public Health – University at Albany, SUNY June 2007
Median Salary Growth by Highest Degree and Setting between 2002 and 2007
Highest growth
Master’s degree in private settings (+27%) Clinical doctorate in private settings (+21%)
Moderate growth
Non-clinical doctorate in private settings (+18%) Non-clinical doctorate in academic settings (+17%) Clinical doctorates in government settings (+15%) Master’s degree in government settings (+5%) Non-clinical doctorate in government settings (+7%) Clinical doctorates in academic settings (+7%)
Low growth
Center for Health Workforce Studies School of Public Health – University at Albany, SUNY June 2007
Median Full-Time Salary by Employment Setting and Gender, 2007 ($1,000s)
Male $160 $140 $120 $100 $80 $60 $40 $20 $0 Government Private Academic $110.5 $100 $90 $112 $92 Female
$140
Center for Health Workforce Studies School of Public Health – University at Albany, SUNY June 2007
Salary Growth For Women Between 2002 and 2007
Government
Women’s salaries increased slightly more than men’s (+11% versus +7%) Women earned 87% of men in 2002 and 90% of men in 2007
Men’s and women’s salaries grew at comparable rates (+25% and +24%) Women earned 79% of men in both 2002 and 2007
Private
Academic
Women’s salaries have gone up more than male (+18% versus +7%) Women earned 74% of men in 2002, but 82% of men in 2007
Center for Health Workforce Studies School of Public Health – University at Albany, SUNY June 2007
Median 2007 Salary by Gender and Highest Degree ($1,000s)
180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Non-clinical doctorate only Clinical doctorate only Both clinical and nonclinical doctorate $111 $93 $171
Men
Women
$128
$140 $109
Center for Health Workforce Studies School of Public Health – University at Albany, SUNY June 2007
Median 2007 Academic Salary by Gender ($1,000s)
Male $200 $180 $160 $140 $120 $100 $80 $60 $40 $20 $0 Asst. Prof. Assoc. Prof. Professor Admin Research Staff $90 $75 $121 $98 $71 $69 $150 $131 $130 Female $190
Center for Health Workforce Studies School of Public Health – University at Albany, SUNY June 2007
Median Salary by Race/Ethnicity, 2007 ($1,000s)
Non-Hispanic White $140 $120 $100 $80 $60 $40 $20 $0 Government Private Academic $98 $79 $100 $124 $100 Asian $105 URM $110 $90 $102
Underrepresented minorities (URMs) include Black/African-Americans, Hispanic/Latinos, and Native American/American Indians
Center for Health Workforce Studies School of Public Health – University at Albany, SUNY June 2007
Job Satisfaction in 2007: Satisfaction with Current Occupation/Profession
Very satisfied Somewhat dissatisfied Somewhat satisfied Very dissatisfied
Academic
Private
Government
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Center for Health Workforce Studies School of Public Health – University at Albany, SUNY June 2007
Average Importance of Factors that Influence Job Satisfaction, 2007
Importance rated on a scale of 1 (least important) to 5 (most important)
Academic 5.0 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0
Intellectual stim. Colleagues Autonomy Research opp. Balanced life Bosses Ability to develop skills
Private
Government
Center for Health Workforce Studies School of Public Health – University at Albany, SUNY June 2007
Academic Job Satisfaction in 2007
Very satisfied Somew hat satisfied
Somew hat satisfied
Somew hat dissatisfied
Somew hat dissatisfied Very dissatisfied
Very dissatisfied
Very satisfied
Compensation Advancement
Compensation Advancement Employer
Employer Location Profession
Location Profession
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Center for Health Workforce Studies School of Public Health – University at Albany, SUNY June 2007
Private Setting Job Satisfaction in 2007
Very satisfied Somew hat satisfied Somew hat dissatisfied Very dissatisfied Advancement Compensation Employer Location Profession
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Center for Health Workforce Studies School of Public Health – University at Albany, SUNY June 2007
Likelihood of Initiating a Job Search in the Next Year by Employment Setting, 2007
Very likely Somewhat likely Somewhat unlikely Very unlikely
Government
Private
Academic
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Center for Health Workforce Studies School of Public Health – University at Albany, SUNY June 2007
Predictors of Hourly Earnings
Regression results
Predicts earnings per hour actually worked (which may exceed “official” workweek) OLS regression presents effects net of all other variables
Base earnings per hour worked for a white, male, non-clinical doctorate just entering the profession in academia and doing no administration or health policy is $29.94
Center for Health Workforce Studies School of Public Health – University at Albany, SUNY June 2007
Predictors of Hourly Earnings
All else being equal
Women earn $3.86 less Master’s degrees earn $9.55 less Clinical doctorates earn $12.53 more Those in private settings earn $5.92 more Earnings increase by $1.06 for every year of experience For every additional 10% of one’s time spent in administration, earnings rise by $1.56 For every additional 10% of one’s time spent doing health policy, earnings rise by $1.08.
Center for Health Workforce Studies School of Public Health – University at Albany, SUNY June 2007
In Summary…..
Preliminary 2007 findings appear to be fairly consistent with 2002 findings Some characteristics are associated with earnings, most strikingly gender and setting
Difficult to assess the relationship between race/ethnicity and earnings due to the small number of minority members
In general, members seem to be very satisfied with their jobs
Center for Health Workforce Studies School of Public Health – University at Albany, SUNY June 2007
Closing Thoughts….
There are few opportunities for monitoring the health services research and policy workforce Surveys such as these can help to improve our understanding of this very diverse field AcademyHealth member support for these efforts is critical to their success
Center for Health Workforce Studies School of Public Health – University at Albany, SUNY June 2007