Infection Control Safety Awareness- Genito-Urinary System

Infection Control & Safety Awareness Bobi A. Crump, RN, MSN, CPNP Pediatric Nurse Practitioner Definitions • INFECT – to enter, invade or inhabit another organism, causing infection or contamination. To communicate a pathogen (germ) or disease. To transmit or copy. • INFECTION – multiplication of an organism within the body. Rapid communication or spread. The body’s defenses are overwhelmed. The Definition • PREVENTION – to be in readiness for – to keep from happening or existing – to hinder or stop – to interpose an obstacle Why is this important? • Infectious diseases cause major problems for individuals and communities throughout the world. • Everyday the body is exposed to millions of microorganisms (germs, pathogens) that can cause illness and infection if they penetrate the body’s natural defenses. Organisms that Cause Infection • • • • Viruses Bacteria Parasites Fungus Transmission by Contact • Direct Contact – an infected person comes into contact with a potential (susceptible) host (any other person). • Indirect Contact – a germ contaminates an object. Blood on an item or spoiled food. Fecal-Oral. • Droplet Spread – (airborne) germs are spread through the air when an infected person talks, coughs or sneezes. Natural Defenses • • • • • • Intact skin Tears Saliva Healthy cough and sneezes Intact immune system, fever Minimal stress = Optimal function Head to Toe Specifics Scalp – lice, tinea capitis Ears – swimmer’s ear Eyes – conjunctivitis (pink eye) Nose – allergies, sinusitis, entry to the respiratory system • Mouth – tooth decay, food poisoning • Throat – strep throat, inner ear infections • • • • Pediculosus louse Scalp ringworm Gingivostomatitis Bacterial agent: Streptococcal mutans Respiratory • • • • • • • Reactive Airway Disease (RAD) Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Croup (bronchiolitis) Colds and Flu Pneumonia Chronic Bronchitis, Asthma Tuberculosis Specifics About TB • Mycobacterium (very small bacteria) • Spread by droplets – Coughs, sneezes, speaks, sings, spits • Cover all coughs and sneezes with a tissue The particles are so small that normal air currents can keep them airborne for hours, spreading them throughout a room or building Your Exposure Risk • Exposure to Active TB that is Prolonged Repeated Indoor Air Contact (poor ventilation) Latent TB vs. • No symptoms • Not contagious • Positive PPD skin test • Takes months to years to develop active TB • You may never develop active TB Active TB • Prolonged painful coughing, blood tinged • Fatigue • Fever (low grade) • Weight Loss • Night sweats • You are contagious • You need treatment Gastrointestinal • Vomiting and diarrhea • Food Poisoning – Salmonella, Shigella, E. Coli • • • • Rotavirus, giardia Hepatitis A, Hepatitis E Peptic Ulcers (H. Pylori) Worms (pin, round, tape) Genito-Urinary System • Urinary Tract Infections • Kidney Infections • Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD) • • • • Chlamydia Gonorrhea Syphilis Herpes Simplex Circulatory or Systemic • Sepsis • Blood borne pathogens • Hepatitis B • Hepatitis C • HIV/AIDS – human immunodeficiency virus • Meningitis • Encephalitis Specifics About Hepatitis and HIV • Viruses spread by blood or body fluid contact (semen, vaginal secretions, other fluids with blood) • Direct Transmission – contaminated material enters through broken skin, or splashes eyes, nose or mouth • Indirect Transmission – contaminated environmental surfaces • HBV can live dried and at room temperature for up to one week Exposure = Infection Rates • If exposed to infectious material and unvaccinated your risks: – Hepatitis B = 30% – Hepatitis C = 10 % – HIV = 0.3 % Specifics About Hepatitis and HIV • Universal Precautions = Standard Precautions – Personal protective equipment • Gloves, masks, gowns, aprons, lab coats • Protective eyewear, mouthpieces or bags • Wash your hands! • The sooner you wash off contaminated material the less likely you are to become infected • Hepatitis B vaccination is highly recommended Skin Contact dermatitis (poison ivy, oak) Diaper rash, intertriginous zone rash Impetigo Scabies Tinea pedis (athlete’s foot), corporis (ringworm) • Cellulitis (from trauma or animal bites) • MRSA–methicillin resistant S. aureus •Sun and Thermal Burns • • • • • Impetigo Contact Dermatitis Scabies Tinea Pedis = athlete’s foot Tinea Unguium = Onychomycosis Tinea Corporis = any area of the body Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus MRSA S. Aureus: – thrives on human skin and mucous membranes (boils/cellulitis/sepsis) – grows rapidly with/without oxygen – can be carried by a host for a long period of time without causing infection Who Gets MRSA? • Prolonged hospital stay (elderly, very sick, immunosuppression) • Receiving broad spectrum antibiotics • Hospitalized in ICU or burn unit • Recent surgery • Carrying MRSA in the nose without developing illness • Spending time close to other patients with MRSA MRSA & Placement • MRSA status (negative culture, colonized, or infected) with regard to hospital and non-acute care facility admission warrants attention. • An institution should not deny admission to a person colonized or infected with MRSA if adequate facilities are available to deal with MRSA. Non-Acute Care Facility • Private room is preferred for infected or colonized patients • A MRSA colonized patient can be placed with a non-colonized patient who is not at high risk for infection • A colonized patient with poor hygiene may need a private room. Prevention in 6 Steps • • • • • • Hand Washing Clean and Disinfect Food Preparation and Storage Immunizations/Vaccinations Use Antibiotics Appropriately Avoid Wild or Unknown Animals HAND WASHING • Why? You infect yourself by touching your eyes, nose or your mouth • Big deal? You can also spread germs directly to others or onto surfaces…before you know it everyone around you is sick • So? It is THE MOST IMPORTANT way to prevent infection When should you wash? Before, during and after food prep Before and After you eat Before and After Toileting After changing a diaper or assisting another • After handling animals or waste • When your hands are dirty • Frequently if near sickness • • • • Clean and Disinfect • Cleaning with soap and water removes dirt and most germs. • Disinfecting kills additional germs on surfaces • Hot spots: – Kitchen, Bathroom – Shared equipment, Telephones, remote control How to Disinfect • Wear gloves, especially if you have cuts or nicks • Clean the surface first with soap and water • Use a disinfectant according to the label • Store in original containers out of children’s reach Wash hands, even if you wore gloves Food Preparation and Storage • Food borne illness kills up to 9,000 people per year • 80 million Americans per year suffer from fever, stomach cramps, vomiting and diarrhea Remember Food Storage and Handling guidelines • Proper preparation of foods • Proper handling • Proper storage or refrigeration Immunizations Vaccinations • A very easy, inexpensive way to save lives • Fights disease in two ways: – Protects you – Prevents you from spreading disease • Immunizations across the lifespan • Flu, Td boosters, Pneumococcal conjugate, Varicella Appropriate Antibiotics Drugs used to treat certain illnesses Antibiotics do NOT work on viruses Antibiotics do Kill certain bacteria Take medication only and exactly as prescribed • Drug resistance – Each time an antibiotic is used unnecessarily or improperly, you increase the chance of developing drug resistance • • • • Avoid Wild Animals • Rodents – transmit hantavirus and plague • Ticks – transmit Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever and Lyme disease • Mosquitoes – malaria, encephalitis, West Nile Virus • Mammals – transmit rabies • Reptiles – transmit salmonella, e.coli or venomous bites Safety Specifics for ACRC Consumers • Do they have sunscreen, lip balm? • Wearing light colored clothing/helmets? • Is water available? • Are they in shade in the car? • How hot is the car seat? • Is there proper ID for communication impaired? Safety Specifics for ACRC Consumers • What are their allergies? • What medications & side effects? – Cause dehydration, sun exposure • What dietary restrictions? • Is there adequate supervision? – Consumer to staff ratio Safety Specifics for ACRC Consumers • What are the existing medical conditions that place that person at risk? – – – – Infections Seizure Disorders Heart Disease Metabolic problems - diabetes Health Promotion • • • • • Smoking Cessation Good Sleep Hygiene Appropriate Nutrition Adequate Hydration Take Care Of Your Teeth •GOOD HEALTH is Your BEST DEFENSE Questions? Bobi A. Crump, RN, MSN, CPNP 978-6459 Bcrump@altaregional.org